EP3551358B1 - Procédé et outil de moulage ou outil à noyau destinés à fabriquer des moules ou des noyaux - Google Patents

Procédé et outil de moulage ou outil à noyau destinés à fabriquer des moules ou des noyaux Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3551358B1
EP3551358B1 EP17816409.1A EP17816409A EP3551358B1 EP 3551358 B1 EP3551358 B1 EP 3551358B1 EP 17816409 A EP17816409 A EP 17816409A EP 3551358 B1 EP3551358 B1 EP 3551358B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
core
sand
mixture
tool
housing
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EP17816409.1A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP3551358A1 (fr
Inventor
Wolfram Bach
Michael Kaftan
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Soplain GmbH
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Soplain GmbH
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22C—FOUNDRY MOULDING
    • B22C1/00—Compositions of refractory mould or core materials; Grain structures thereof; Chemical or physical features in the formation or manufacture of moulds
    • B22C1/02—Compositions of refractory mould or core materials; Grain structures thereof; Chemical or physical features in the formation or manufacture of moulds characterised by additives for special purposes, e.g. indicators, breakdown additives
    • B22C1/10—Compositions of refractory mould or core materials; Grain structures thereof; Chemical or physical features in the formation or manufacture of moulds characterised by additives for special purposes, e.g. indicators, breakdown additives for influencing the hardening tendency of the mould material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22C—FOUNDRY MOULDING
    • B22C1/00—Compositions of refractory mould or core materials; Grain structures thereof; Chemical or physical features in the formation or manufacture of moulds
    • B22C1/02—Compositions of refractory mould or core materials; Grain structures thereof; Chemical or physical features in the formation or manufacture of moulds characterised by additives for special purposes, e.g. indicators, breakdown additives
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22C—FOUNDRY MOULDING
    • B22C1/00—Compositions of refractory mould or core materials; Grain structures thereof; Chemical or physical features in the formation or manufacture of moulds
    • B22C1/16—Compositions of refractory mould or core materials; Grain structures thereof; Chemical or physical features in the formation or manufacture of moulds characterised by the use of binding agents; Mixtures of binding agents
    • B22C1/18—Compositions of refractory mould or core materials; Grain structures thereof; Chemical or physical features in the formation or manufacture of moulds characterised by the use of binding agents; Mixtures of binding agents of inorganic agents
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22C—FOUNDRY MOULDING
    • B22C1/00—Compositions of refractory mould or core materials; Grain structures thereof; Chemical or physical features in the formation or manufacture of moulds
    • B22C1/16—Compositions of refractory mould or core materials; Grain structures thereof; Chemical or physical features in the formation or manufacture of moulds characterised by the use of binding agents; Mixtures of binding agents
    • B22C1/18—Compositions of refractory mould or core materials; Grain structures thereof; Chemical or physical features in the formation or manufacture of moulds characterised by the use of binding agents; Mixtures of binding agents of inorganic agents
    • B22C1/186—Compositions of refractory mould or core materials; Grain structures thereof; Chemical or physical features in the formation or manufacture of moulds characterised by the use of binding agents; Mixtures of binding agents of inorganic agents contaming ammonium or metal silicates, silica sols
    • B22C1/188—Alkali metal silicates
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22C—FOUNDRY MOULDING
    • B22C7/00—Patterns; Manufacture thereof so far as not provided for in other classes
    • B22C7/06—Core boxes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22C—FOUNDRY MOULDING
    • B22C7/00—Patterns; Manufacture thereof so far as not provided for in other classes
    • B22C7/06—Core boxes
    • B22C7/065—Venting means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22C—FOUNDRY MOULDING
    • B22C7/00—Patterns; Manufacture thereof so far as not provided for in other classes
    • B22C7/06—Core boxes
    • B22C7/067—Ejector elements
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22C—FOUNDRY MOULDING
    • B22C9/00—Moulds or cores; Moulding processes
    • B22C9/12—Treating moulds or cores, e.g. drying, hardening

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method for the production of molds or cores for foundry purposes using electricity by adapting the specific electrical resistance of the core box material to a mixture of a molding material and a water-containing inorganic binder, which in dissolved form forms an electrolyte and a sufficient electrical Has conductivity.
  • the invention also relates to a mold or core tool for producing molds or cores.
  • a gas-permeable molding tool for the production of casting and core molds from hardenable molding sand is known, the tool being made of heteroporous, open-pored material and the wall of the molding tool having a first fine-pored layer area of 0.2-2 mm thickness adjoining the molding sand, 75-95% of the theoretical material density and pore diameter ⁇ 50 ⁇ m, to which a second, massive area in the form of a large-pored supporting skeleton of ⁇ 80% of the theoretical material density and an average pore diameter ⁇ 100 ⁇ m is materially adjacent.
  • a method for producing foundry molds or cores by introducing a mixture of aggregate and binder into a mold or core box and heating the mixture, the heating being effected by passing an electric current through the mixture.
  • a template which has a frame-shaped or box-shaped configuration, preferably slightly tapering downwards, with a circumferential wall and, in the case of a box-shaped configuration, also a base.
  • Forming or core tools for inorganic processes are mainly made of metal such as steel or aluminum.
  • Metallic core tools have a resistance range of, for example, 2x10 -7 ohmmeters (steel) with sand-binder mixtures in the range of approx. 10 1 to 10 2 ohmmeters. Since the resistance at the core box is significantly lower than in the sand-binder mixture, the current flows to the contact area inside the core box and is then passed through the sand-binder mixture for a short distance. As a result, there is almost no current flowing through thicker parts of the sand core, which means that there is insufficient heating. This means that the mixture does not harden evenly.
  • the present invention therefore deals with the problem of specifying an improved or at least an alternative embodiment for a method of the generic type which in particular overcomes the disadvantages known from the prior art.
  • the present invention is based on the general idea when selecting the material of the separable mold or core tools specific electrical conductivity must be taken into account in such a way that it corresponds approximately to the electrical conductivity of a (sand-binder) mixture during the optimum working temperature.
  • the electrical specific conductivity of the mold or core tool (cavity) is therefore determined by the sand-binder mixture used.
  • an electrically conductive material is first permanently introduced into a housing of the mold or core tool and there takes the previously described mixture of a molding material, e.g. sand (foundry sand), and water-containing binder, which is in dissolved form Forms electrolyte and has sufficient electrical conductivity.
  • a molding material e.g. sand (foundry sand)
  • water-containing binder which is in dissolved form Forms electrolyte and has sufficient electrical conductivity.
  • the present invention is further based on the general idea of specifying a mold or core tool for producing molds or cores, for example casting cores, from a mixture of a molding material and a binder containing water, which in dissolved form forms an electrolyte and has sufficient electrical power Has conductivity, wherein the mold or core tool according to the invention has an electrically non-conductive housing consisting of at least two parts.
  • the form or The core tool also has at least two electrodes, one electrode in each case being arranged in a part of the housing. Electrical energy is later introduced into the material via the two parallel electrodes and into the mixture via this, whereby the mixture is heated and thereby hardened.
  • the process requires direct contact between the conductive material and the electrodes of the core box. An insulation layer between the core box parts can thus be dispensed with.
  • the mixture is introduced for each cycle of sand core production, with the electrically conductive material being introduced once per production of the mold or core tool.
  • the material thus forms the negative contour of the sand core or mold to be produced later in it.
  • electrical energy and above that heat is then supplied to the material via the electrodes arranged in / on the housing of the mold or core tool, which leads to hardening of the mixture.
  • the housing only represents a container for holding the conductive material and does not have to be electrically conductive, since otherwise the current is only passed through the housing and not through the material or the mixture.
  • the housing can be made of plastic and offers the advantage that it is comparatively light and therefore easy to handle. Alternatively, insulating ceramics or another electrically non-conductive material can also be used.
  • Parts of the housing can be connected to one another via one or more parting planes, the electrodes preferably being parallel can be arranged to one another or even embedded in a part of the housing.
  • a device for controlling / regulating the electrical voltage is provided on the electrodes.
  • the voltage applied to the electrodes can be regulated, for example increased, so that short cycle times for the curing process can be achieved. Short cycle times, in turn, enable the molds or cores to be manufactured in a comparatively cost-effective manner.
  • the power / voltage can be regulated by means of an inverter / power controller or by connecting different voltages. Alternatively, the method can also be operated with a constant applied voltage.
  • the electrical energy can be supplied to the material and sand-binder mixture (mixture) in the form of alternating current or direct current. Alternating current is available everywhere and can be regulated in almost any way.
  • ventilation slots are to be provided in the material, in the electrodes and in the housing to allow the gases or water vapor to escape.
  • the gases or water vapor produced during the hardening process can be removed from the sand core (core) and the material, the electrodes and the housing via bores using core marks (nozzles).
  • the material can also be porous and thus allow the gases or water vapor to escape.
  • holes for non-conductive ejector bolts are provided in the material, which are used to remove the (sand) cores. These allow the sand cores to be removed after the mixture has hardened and the moving apart of the housing parts.
  • the ejector bolts should be made of non-conductive material to avoid a short circuit.
  • the ejector bolts required are attached to the base plate of the tool in the ejector holes provided for this purpose.
  • conductive ejector bolts can also be used, provided that the design ensures that they do not come into contact with a conductive material while the current is switched on.
  • the solution according to the invention according to which the specific electrical conductivity of the material at least approximately corresponds to the specific electrical conductivity of the mixture at working temperature, a uniform and in particular uniform passage of current or voltage through both the material and through the mixture can be achieved, whereby the latter evenly heated and can therefore be cured particularly evenly and thus of high quality.
  • each binder has an optimal working temperature which ensures the best possible curing. In the case of the binders tested, this was around 150-180 ° C and depends on the manufacturer's information and any binder additives used.
  • the method according to the invention can be used for the first time to achieve a uniform, This means that uniform and also process-reliable curing of the mixture can be achieved, whereby molds or casting cores of can be produced in a particularly high quality regardless of their geometric structure.
  • the method according to the invention prevents the risk of shell formation on a core surface or a mold surface, which would be the case, for example, with curing by means of external heat (eg oil heating).
  • Another advantage results from the fact that no external heating devices are required. This not only increases the efficiency of the process, as described above, but also reduces the acquisition and maintenance costs for any external heating devices. In addition, this makes it possible to provide systems with a smaller space requirement, so that more systems can tend to be accommodated in the same area.
  • Another advantage results from the use of materials such as silicon carbide ceramic, which is a very hard material compared to existing core tool materials such as steel or aluminum (Mohs strength 9.5) and thus the life of the core box is extended due to less wear.
  • a method according to the invention for the production of molds or cores for foundry purposes works by adapting the specific Electrical resistance of the material of the tool insert to the specific electrical resistance of a mixture of at least one molding material, in particular foundry sand, and at least one water-containing inorganic, thermosetting binder, which has sufficient electrical conductivity of at least 5 ⁇ 10 -3 S / m.
  • Fig. 1 has a mold or core tool 1 according to the invention for producing molds 2 or cores 2 'for foundry purposes, a housing 3 which is electrically insulated towards the machine and which consists of two parts 4, 5 which are connected to one another via a parting plane 6.
  • the housing 3 is fastened on a base plate 12.
  • the housing 3 is made of plastic, insulating ceramic or some other non-conductive material and accommodates an electrically conductive material 7.
  • the material 7 forms a mold for receiving a mixture 9 from which the core 2 ′ or the mold 2 is formed after the hardening.
  • the material 7 can for example be a ceramic material.
  • the specific electrical conductivity of the mixture 9 and the specific electrical conductivity of the material 7 are at least approximately the same, for example do not differ more than in phase 2 of Fig. 2 so that essentially the same specific electrical conductivity and the same specific electrical resistance prevail in the material 7 and the mixture 9.
  • the molding or core tool 1 according to the invention also has at least two electrodes 10 which are arranged parallel to one another. A device 8 for regulating or controlling the voltage supplied to the electrodes 10 is provided.
  • the specific electrical conductivity of the material 7 of the core 2 ′ or of the form 2 now approximately corresponds to the specific one electrical conductivity of mixture 9 in phase 2 of Fig. 2 , whereby a comparatively uniform passage of electrical energy through the mixture 9 is possible.
  • a mold 2 or a core 2 'or a casting core 2' can be produced at the highest level of quality, since the electrical conductivity of the mold 2 or the core is at least almost the same 2 'used mixture 9 and the material 7 a uniform passage of electrical current through the material 7 and the mixture 9 and thus a uniform heating and curing of the mixture 9 can take place regardless of the respective geometric dimensions of the mold 2 or the core 2 '.
  • the mold 2 or the core 2 ' is produced as follows: First, after the material selection mentioned, the electrically conductive material 7 is introduced into the housing 3 of the mold or core tool 1 during the initial construction and forms a negative mold for the later mold 2 or The mixture 9 which will later form the core 2 'is then supplied to the material 7 via the electrodes 10 with electrical energy and thus heat, which leads to the mixture 9 hardening.
  • the mixture 9 is hardened in particular by evaporation of water from the mixture 9, the mixture 9 containing an inorganic binder, water and foundry sand.
  • the inorganic binder used in the mixture 9 can be water-soluble, but contains at least water and is in any case electrically conductive.
  • a casting core or core 2 ′ that is particularly uniformly heated and therefore also particularly uniformly cured and thus homogeneous can be created and this regardless of the respective geometrical dimensions of the core 2 'or the shape 2, since due to the preferably identical electrical conductivity of the mixture 9 for the core 2' and the material 7, the electric current does not seek shorter paths, as was previously the case with the Prior art mold or core tools was the case.
  • the device 8 can in particular increase or decrease the voltage, whereby a cycle time for the production of the mold 2 or the core 2 ′ can be controlled.
  • the base plate of the tool 12 accommodates the housing 3 or the parts 4, 5 and the material 7, and insulating screws 13 and angles 14 ensure fastening. Insulating screws 13 can also be replaced by quick-release systems to enable easier and faster removal.
  • the material "floats" on the electrode 10 and the electrode 10 is held in place by alignment bolts 15.
  • Table 1 is attached below for further understanding. Table 1 shows several series of measurements with different sand-binder mixtures 9. The finding is that the specific electrical conductivity depends on the desired sand-binder mixture 9 and can be influenced by varying the additives and / or by changing the percentage. Ever The stronger the electrically conductive part in the sand-binder mixture 9, the lower the specific electrical resistance in the sand-binder mixture 9. Table 1: Series of measurements of sand-binder mixtures.
  • Each binder has an optimal
  • the test specimen consists of two opposing metallic electrodes and an insulating tube between the electrodes.
  • the geometry (area and distance of the electrodes) of the body within the insulating tube must be determined.
  • the cavity is filled with a green, not hardened sand-binder mixture 9.
  • the sand-binder mixture 9 must correspond to the mixture 9 to be used later during production.
  • the mixture 9 must be compressed according to real application conditions. Measuring devices for determining voltage, current and temperature are connected to the electrodes. A constant voltage is applied to the electrodes via a power supply. The calculated resistance results from the applied voltage divided by the measured current.
  • Fig. 2 the typical course of the electrical resistance and the electrical power introduced of a conductively heated mixture 9 of any inorganic sand / binder mixture is shown.
  • phase 1 capacitive load
  • phase 2 phase 2 of the slowly falling electrical resistance begins in the curve (increase in charge carriers).
  • the power absorbed by the sample increases continuously until charge carriers evaporate due to the temperature reached.
  • the resistance now increases very quickly (phase 3).
  • the specific electrical resistance of the tested mixtures 9 changes during the heating process. At below 100 ° C it is approx. 85
  • a material composition must be determined by means of test series, which has a suitable electrical specific resistance at a certain temperature. This specific temperature is based on the optimum temperature which the binder needs to best cure. In our tests, tested binders required temperatures of approx. 150 ° C to approx. 180 ° C in order to cure. The area around the optimal resistance was determined by means of a temperature resistance curve (see above) around 25 ohmmeters. Consequently, the tested binder mixture 9 requires a material 7 with a specific resistance of approx. 25 ohm meters at 150-180 ° C.
  • the specific resistance of the material 7 should be the same as the optimum specific resistance for the sand-binder mixture 9. If the specific resistance of the material 7 is higher than that of the sand-binder mixture 9 during implementation, this tends to lead to heating from the center of the core 2 in the direction of the core box material 7, since this is where the current finds the path of the lower resistance.
  • the course of the temperature-resistance curve of the material 7 should run similarly to the temperature-resistance curve of the sand-binder mixture 9. The smaller the deviation of the two curves, the more effective the method.
  • the test series to determine the material can be carried out as follows: A starting material such as Example silicon carbide, is produced in the form of a small test plate. This material sample is then clamped in a device between two electrodes so that these electrodes are in direct contact with the sample plate. The temperature-resistance curve for this sample material is then determined. If the deviation between the specific resistance of the sample material and the optimal specific resistance of the sand-binder mixture 9 is too great, the material composition must be revised. In tests carried out, silicon carbide compositions with a variation in the proportion of graphite in the ceramic mixture have proven to be positive. But in principle there are also other material compositions or material additives that add to the electrical affect specific resistance, possible. The graphite content is bound in the ceramic and therefore has no influence on further casting processes. These tests have to be repeated until a suitable material composition has been found which has the desired specific resistance.
  • a starting material such as Example silicon carbide
  • the selected material 7 must also meet the other physical properties for the environment of foundries. For example, breaking strength, surface roughness, thermal expansion and thermal conductivity are mentioned here.
  • the ceramic selected for further tests has a specific resistance of approx. 30 ohmmeters for the above-mentioned sand-binder mixture 9.
  • the maximum short-term load on the material 7 must then be determined at which no permanent damage to the material 7 occurs. This maximum short-term load subsequently plays an important role for the electrical control. This is determined with load tests and can lead to chipping on the material 7 if the maximum short-term load is exceeded.
  • the material 7 mentioned above and below can be replaced by other materials as defined in the independent claims, provided that these are electrically conductive and the adjustment of the electrical resistivity corresponds to the selected mixture 9 and also the other requirements for the foundry are met.
  • the repeated term "adaptation" describes the aforementioned steps for selecting a suitable material 7 to the specific electrical properties of sand-binder mixtures 9.
  • the structure of the core box can be produced for the application of the method.
  • the most critical work step is the production of the material 7.
  • the ceramic is produced in several production steps using common ceramic production processes.
  • the fine machining after sintering in particular requires the greatest care because of the very hard material (Mohs hardness of approx. 9.5). The more precise the fine machining, the lower the later tolerance deviations for sand cores 2 produced with the method.
  • the material 7 requires a direct contact area with the respective electrode on the opposite side of the contouring surface. In experiments it has been recommended to grind the contact surface flat in order to enable very good contact between the electrode 10 and the material 7. This leads to the desired effect of keeping the contact resistance low.
  • the electrode 10 should be laid floating on the back of the material part. This is necessary because the material of the electrodes 10 normally has a higher thermal expansion than the core box material. For this purpose, two pins can be attached to the rear of the material, which hold the electrodes 10 in position during the production process.
  • Electrodes 10 Due to the parallel arrangement of the electrodes 10, a comparatively uniform transmission of electrical energy through the material 7 and the mixture 9 can be achieved, which in turn results in advantages with regard to uniform heating and uniform curing.
  • One possible embodiment also provides for the electrodes 10 to be introduced into the material 7. In this case, no pins would be needed for alignment. The electrodes 10 and the material 7 are then received by means of a recess in an insulating material.
  • the multi-layer planes can be fastened by means of anchoring in the base plate 12 of the tool.
  • Brackets 14 with screw connections 15 can be used for fastening, as in Figure 5 shown as an example.
  • quick locking systems can be used instead of screws.
  • the fastening screws 15 should be made of non-conductive material in order to avoid a current flow to the housing 3.
  • ventilation slots 17 are to be provided in the material 7, in the electrodes 10 and in the housing 3, in order to allow the gases or water vapor to escape.
  • gases or water vapor produced during curing can be removed from the sand core 2 ′′ (core) and the material 7, the electrodes 10 and the housing 3 via bores 17 using core marks (nozzles).
  • the material can also be porous and thus allow the gases or water vapor to escape.
  • the electrodes 10 require a power supply which is connected to the external switchgear cabinet and thus enables an electrical control 8.
  • the electrical control 8 must be adapted to the core box and the process.
  • the electrical control 8 takes on the task of supplying the core box with sufficient power by means of power supply and electrodes 10.
  • the electrical control 8 (device 8) must be planned accordingly.
  • existing switchgear may be converted and adapted. It is important that the energy is supplied to the material 7 via electrodes 10. Alternating current or direct current is conceivable.
  • the control of the power supply must take into account the maximum short-term load of the selected material 7 as well as the resistance-temperature curve of the material 7 and the sand-binder mixture 9.
  • the electrical control 8 is to be selected so that the highest possible power input takes place by means of high voltage, but the maximum short-term load limit is never exceeded in order to prevent damage to the material 7 and thus ensure an economical process.
  • the power input and the associated heat development in the sand-binder mixture 9 is dependent on the specific resistance and the applied voltage. Therefore, the power input and the temperature can also be controlled by regulating the voltage.
  • the core box should have temperature sensors to prevent it from heating up beyond the prescribed working range of the binder, as too high a temperature would otherwise negatively affect the binding force.
  • the electrical control 8 also regulates the different process steps of the core shooter. Particularly when moving the core box parts together, care must be taken to ensure that they are brought together in one adjusted speed happens in order to avoid a shock effect in the core box material and thus a possible permanent damage.
  • the regular production process is divided into three processes.
  • the first process describes the commissioning of the system after a short or long downtime.
  • a feature during this process is that the material 7 has not yet reached the planned operating temperature.
  • the core box is heated in the same way as in the typical production process.
  • the parts 4, 5 are brought together from their starting position and form a contact surface.
  • the sand-binder mixture 9 can be shot into the core box.
  • the energy is supplied by means of electricity thanks to the electrical control 8. Due to the increased specific resistances of the material 7, the warming-up process takes a little longer than the regular production cycle times.
  • the core box slowly warms up and, as the temperature rises, it falls Specific resistance of the material 7. The more the resistance falls, the faster the material 7 continues to heat up according to the principle of resistance heating. Since the heat input in the first sand cores 2 does not take place under optimal conditions, increased rejects can occur during this process.
  • the process parameters can be described as follows.
  • the material 7 of the core box has the operating temperature and thus the optimal specific resistance of the sand-binder mixture 9.
  • the core box parts 4, 5 have moved apart and the sand core cavity is empty.
  • the core box parts 4, 5 are closed and then the sand-binder mixture 9 is shot into the core box.
  • the specific resistance is dependent on the temperature of the sand-binder mixture 9.
  • the mixture 9 can be at room temperature or can already be preheated.
  • the direct contact surface with the sand-binder mixture 9 of the core box material cools down somewhat.
  • the sand-binder mixture 9 has now heated up from the initial temperature to approx. 100 to 130 ° C. within a few seconds, depending on its size. As soon as the free charge carriers are reduced as a result of the evaporation of the water content in the sand-binder mixture 9, the specific resistance of the sand-binder mixture 9 suddenly begins to increase. At this moment, the current flow within the sand core 2 is reduced. In order to achieve the desired optimum operating temperature for the sand-binder mixture 9, the remaining thermal energy must now be transferred via the core box material 7, as is the case with existing methods.
  • the silicon carbide material is continuously further heated by means of a current flow in order to compensate for the heat loss of the material 7 to the sand core 2 ′′.
  • the particular advantage of the method therefore lies in the heating of the sand-binder mixture 9 from the temperature at the point of injection up to approx. 130 ° C through the principle of resistance heating by means of current flow within the sand core 2.
  • the further advantage is the efficient heating of the material 7 and thus the supply of heat in the phase from 130 ° C. to the desired operating temperature of the sand-binder mixture 9.
  • a sand-binder mixture 9 with an operating temperature of approx. 170 ° C. and an injection temperature of approx. 20 ° C. is used as an example.
  • approx. 150 ° C are required for heating.
  • 2/3 (approx. 100 ° C.) of the required thermal energy can therefore be generated very quickly by means of resistance heating within the sand core 2 and approx. 1/3 by means of heat transfer from the material 7 to the sand core 2 ′′.
  • the sand core 2 ′′ can be removed as with existing core shooting processes. Ejection bolts 16 required for ejecting the sand core from the cavity are fastened in the ejection bores 16 ′ provided for this purpose and enable the sand cores 2 to be detached from the material 7.
  • the third process describes the cool down phase before a break or shutdown.
  • the core box can simply cool down in the extended state and is then available again at any time for the first process step.
  • the method according to the invention can be used for the first time with a uniform , that is to say uniform and also reliable curing of the mixture 9 can be achieved, whereby molds 2 or casting cores 2 'of particularly high quality can be produced regardless of their geometric structure.
  • the method according to the invention prevents the risk of shell formation on a core surface or a mold surface, which would be the case, for example, with curing by means of external heat (e.g. oil heating).
  • molds 2 or cores 2 ′ are possible for the first time by adapting the electrical specific conductivity of the mold core box material 7 to the sand-binder mixture 9. This allows uniform passage of electrical energy and thus uniform heating and thus uniform curing. So far this has not been possible.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Molds, Cores, And Manufacturing Methods Thereof (AREA)
  • Mold Materials And Core Materials (AREA)

Claims (10)

  1. Procédé pour fabriquer des moules (2) ou des noyaux (2') pour de l'outillage pour la fonderie au moyen de l'adaptation de la résistance électrique spécifique du matériau de l'insert de l'outil à la résistance électrique spécifique d'un mélange (9) composé d'au moins un matériau de moulage, en particulier de sable de fonderie, et d'au moins un liant anorganique contenant de l'eau, durcissable à la chaleur, qui présente une conductivité électrique d'au moins 5 · 10-3 S/m, cependant que,
    - dans un boîtier non-électroconducteur (3), au moins un insert d'outil en un matériau électroconducteur (7) est inséré pour recevoir le mélange (9), cependant que la conductivité électrique du matériau (7) correspond, à une température de service entre 150 et 180°C, au moins approximativement à la conductivité électrique spécifique du mélange (9) à une température entre 100°C et 130°C,
    - de l'énergie électrique est amenée à l'insert d'outil (7) par des électrodes (10) placées parallèlement dans/sur le boîtier (3) et de la chaleur qui entraîne le durcissement du mélange (9),
    - cependant que le boîtier (3) est constitué par au moins deux parties de boîtier (4, 5) qui sont rapprochées et/ou écartées au début et à la fin du processus cadencé de la fabrication de moule ou de noyau et qui, lorsqu'elles sont rapprochées, forment une surface de contact direct,
    - cependant qu'il existe des forures (16') pour des boulons d'éjection (16) dans l'outil, au moins d'une électrode (10) ainsi que d'au moins une partie (4, 5) du boîtier (3) pour enlever les noyaux en sable,
    - cependant que, pour faire échapper la vapeur d'eau ou les gaz, aussi bien l'outil que les électrodes ainsi qu'au moins une partie du boîtier (4, 5) sont réalisés en matériau poreux et/ou qu'il existe des fentes d'aération (17) et
    - cependant qu'après le durcissement du mélange (9) et l'écartement des parties de boîtier, le ou les moules ou noyaux (2, 2') sont poussés hors de l'outil au moyen de boulons d'éjection (16) et enlevés
    caractérisé en ce qu'il est utilisé un matériau pour inserts d'outil qui présente les propriétés suivantes :
    - Il s'agit d'un corps solide fritté qui
    - présente une dureté Mohs supérieure à 4, cependant que
    - la résistance électrique spécifique du matériau (7) se situe entre 0,5 ohmmètre et 200 ohmmètres pour une température de service de 150°C à 180°C et
    - la conductivité thermique est d'au moins 0,56 W/(m*K).
  2. Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que l'énergie électrique est amenée à l'insert d'outil (7) sous forme de courant alternatif ou de courant continu et que la tension électrique est réglée au moyen d'un dispositif (8) pour la commande/la régulation en tenant compte de la courbe spécifique température/résistance du mélange de sable et de liant, de la température de l'insert d'outil (7) ainsi que de la charge maximale de courte durée du matériau de l'insert d'outil.
  3. Procédé selon la revendication 1 à 2, caractérisé en ce qu'un matériau céramique fritté qui est constitué principalement par du carbure de silicium ou du nitrure de silicium est utilisé comme matériau (7).
  4. Procédé selon les revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé en ce qu'au moins un insert d'outil avec au moins une cavité pour le moule à fabriquer (2) ou le noyau à fabriquer (2') est utilisé pour le procédé de fabrication de moules (2) ou de noyaux (2').
  5. Procédé selon les revendications 1 à 4, caractérisé en ce que des boulons d'éjection (16) pour l'éjection des noyaux de sable sont en matériau non conducteur ou sont utilisés en matière de construction de telle manière que des boulons d'éjection conducteurs (16) n'entrent pas en contact avec des composants électroconducteurs de la boîte à noyau pendant le processus de fabrication des moules (2) ou des noyaux (2').
  6. Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce qu'en ajoutant des additifs comme, par exemple, du graphite ou du sel de cuisine, la conductivité électrique du mélange (9) est influencée de telle manière qu'une faible résistance spécifique est obtenue.
  7. Outil de moule ou de noyau (1) pour la fabrication de moules (2) ou de noyaux (2') dans la fonderie avec un boîtier (3) qui est constitué par au moins deux parties (4, 5), cependant
    - qu'au moins un insert d'outil en un matériau électroconducteur (7) est inséré dans un boîtier non électroconducteur (3) pour recevoir un mélange (9), le mélange étant constitué par un matériau fritté constitué principalement par du carbure de silicium ou du nitrure de silicium,
    - qu'il est prévu au moins deux électrodes (10) placées parallèlement, cependant qu'au moins une électrode (10) est placée respectivement dans au moins une partie (4, 5) du boîtier (3),
    - que, pour faire échapper la vapeur d'eau ou des gaz, aussi bien l'outil de moule ou de noyau (1) que les électrodes (10) ainsi qu'au moins une partie du boîtier (4, 5) sont réalisés en matériau poreux et/ou contiennent des fentes d'aération (17).
  8. Outil de moule ou de noyau selon la revendication 7, caractérisé en ce qu'au moins une partie (4, 5) du boîtier (3) est faite en matière plastique, en matériau isolant électrique ou en céramique isolante.
  9. Outil de moule ou de noyau selon l'une des revendications 7 ou 8, caractérisé en ce que les au moins deux parties (4, 5) du boîtier (3) sont reliées l'une à l'autre par au moins un plan de séparation (6), cependant que les électrodes (10) sont placées parallèlement l'une à l'autre et entre le matériau (7) et la couche d'isolation.
  10. Outil de moule ou de noyau selon l'une des revendications 7 à 9, caractérisé en ce qu'au moins une cavité de noyau de sable est prévue dans au moins un insert d'outil, cavité qui peut être fixée dans le boîtier (3) avec un système de serrage rapide et qui permet ainsi le remplacement rapide de l'insert d'outil à l'intérieur de la boîte à noyau.
EP17816409.1A 2016-12-06 2017-11-20 Procédé et outil de moulage ou outil à noyau destinés à fabriquer des moules ou des noyaux Not-in-force EP3551358B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102016224183 2016-12-06
DE102017217096.4A DE102017217096B3 (de) 2016-12-06 2017-09-26 Werkzeugeinsatz, Form- oder Kernwerkzeug sowie Verfahren zur Herstellung von Formen oder Kernen
PCT/DE2017/100995 WO2018103784A1 (fr) 2016-12-06 2017-11-20 Procédé et outil de moulage ou outil à noyau destinés à fabriquer des moules ou des noyaux

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3551358A1 EP3551358A1 (fr) 2019-10-16
EP3551358B1 true EP3551358B1 (fr) 2021-01-13

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EP17816409.1A Not-in-force EP3551358B1 (fr) 2016-12-06 2017-11-20 Procédé et outil de moulage ou outil à noyau destinés à fabriquer des moules ou des noyaux
EP17825733.3A Withdrawn EP3551359A1 (fr) 2016-12-06 2017-12-02 Insert d'outil, outil de moulage ou outil à noyau ainsi que procédé de fabrication de moules ou de noyaux

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EP17825733.3A Withdrawn EP3551359A1 (fr) 2016-12-06 2017-12-02 Insert d'outil, outil de moulage ou outil à noyau ainsi que procédé de fabrication de moules ou de noyaux

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US (2) US10967420B2 (fr)
EP (2) EP3551358B1 (fr)
JP (1) JP2019536638A (fr)
CN (1) CN110248747B (fr)
DE (2) DE102017217098B3 (fr)
WO (2) WO2018103784A1 (fr)

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DE102018128605B4 (de) * 2018-11-14 2020-07-30 Meissner Ag Modell- Und Werkzeugfabrik Gusswerkzeug, beispielsweise Kernschießwerkzeug oder Kokille, und ein entsprechendes Gießverfahren
DE102019113008A1 (de) 2019-05-16 2020-11-19 HÜTTENES-ALBERTUS Chemische Werke Gesellschaft mit beschränkter Haftung Verwendung eines partikulären Materials umfassend ein teilchenförmiges synthetisches amorphes Siliciumdioxid als Additiv für eine Formstoffmischung, entsprechende Verfahren, Mischungen und Kits
DE102019116406A1 (de) 2019-06-17 2020-12-17 HÜTTENES-ALBERTUS Chemische Werke Gesellschaft mit beschränkter Haftung Additivmischung für Formstoffmischungen zur Herstellung wasserglasgebundener Gießereiformen und Gießereikerne
DE102019131676A1 (de) 2019-11-22 2021-05-27 HÜTTENES-ALBERTUS Chemische Werke Gesellschaft mit beschränkter Haftung Kerne für den Druckguss
DE102020119013A1 (de) 2020-07-17 2022-01-20 HÜTTENES-ALBERTUS Chemische Werke Gesellschaft mit beschränkter Haftung Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Artikels zur Verwendung in der Gießereiindustrie, entsprechende Form, Kern, Speiserelement oder Formstoffmischung sowie Vorrichtungen und Verwendungen
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Publication number Publication date
JP2019536638A (ja) 2019-12-19
WO2018103792A1 (fr) 2018-06-14
CN110248747A (zh) 2019-09-17
US10967420B2 (en) 2021-04-06
US20200391279A1 (en) 2020-12-17
DE102017217098B3 (de) 2018-04-05
CN110248747B (zh) 2021-07-16
DE102017217096B3 (de) 2018-03-22
EP3551359A1 (fr) 2019-10-16
WO2018103784A1 (fr) 2018-06-14
EP3551358A1 (fr) 2019-10-16
US20200188988A1 (en) 2020-06-18

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