EP3545368B1 - Flexibly guided rotary resonator maintained by a free escapement with pallet - Google Patents

Flexibly guided rotary resonator maintained by a free escapement with pallet Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3545368B1
EP3545368B1 EP17752312.3A EP17752312A EP3545368B1 EP 3545368 B1 EP3545368 B1 EP 3545368B1 EP 17752312 A EP17752312 A EP 17752312A EP 3545368 B1 EP3545368 B1 EP 3545368B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
regulating mechanism
resonator
inertia
plate
main axis
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Application number
EP17752312.3A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP3545368A1 (en
Inventor
Pascal Winkler
Jean-Luc Helfer
Gianni Di Domenico
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ETA SA Manufacture Horlogere Suisse
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ETA SA Manufacture Horlogere Suisse
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Publication of EP3545368A1 publication Critical patent/EP3545368A1/en
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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
    • G04B15/00—Escapements
    • G04B15/06—Free escapements
    • G04B15/08—Lever escapements
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
    • G04B15/00—Escapements
    • G04B15/14—Component parts or constructional details, e.g. construction of the lever or the escape wheel
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
    • G04B17/00—Mechanisms for stabilising frequency
    • G04B17/04—Oscillators acting by spring tension
    • G04B17/045—Oscillators acting by spring tension with oscillating blade springs
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
    • G04B17/00—Mechanisms for stabilising frequency
    • G04B17/20—Compensation of mechanisms for stabilising frequency
    • G04B17/28—Compensation of mechanisms for stabilising frequency for the effect of imbalance of the weights, e.g. tourbillon
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
    • G04B18/00—Mechanisms for setting frequency
    • G04B18/02—Regulator or adjustment devices; Indexing devices, e.g. raquettes
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
    • G04B31/00—Bearings; Point suspensions or counter-point suspensions; Pivot bearings; Single parts therefor
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
    • G04B17/00—Mechanisms for stabilising frequency
    • G04B17/20—Compensation of mechanisms for stabilising frequency
    • G04B17/26—Compensation of mechanisms for stabilising frequency for the effect of variations of the impulses

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a clockwork regulating mechanism, comprising, arranged on a plate, a resonator mechanism with a quality factor Q, and an escape mechanism which is subjected to a torque of motor means which a movement comprises, said movement.
  • resonator mechanism comprising an inertial element arranged to oscillate relative to said plate, said inertial element being subjected to the action of elastic return means fixed directly or indirectly to said plate, and said inertial element being arranged to cooperate with a mobile of exhaust that said exhaust mechanism comprises.
  • the invention also relates to a clockwork movement comprising motor means, and such a regulating mechanism, the escape mechanism of which is subjected to the torque of these motor means.
  • the invention also relates to a watch, more particularly a mechanical watch, comprising such a movement, and / or such a regulating mechanism.
  • the invention relates to the field of clockwork regulation mechanisms, in particular for watches.
  • the escapement for its part, fulfills two main functions, namely to maintain the comings and goings of the resonator, and to count these comings and goings. This escapement must be robust, not disturb the balance far from its point of equilibrium, resist shocks, avoid jamming the movement (for example during a reversal), and therefore constitutes a key component of the watch movement.
  • a sprung balance oscillates with an amplitude of 300 °, and the lift angle is 50 °.
  • the angle of lift is the angle of the balance on which the fork of the anchor interacts with the pin, also called the ellipse, of the balance.
  • the lift angle is distributed on either side of the balance point of the balance (+/- 25 °), and the anchor tilts +/- 7 °.
  • the Swiss lever escapement belongs to the category of free escapements, because, beyond the half-angle of lift, the resonator no longer touches the anchor. This characteristic is essential for obtaining good chronometric properties.
  • a mechanical resonator comprises an inertial element, a guide and an elastic return element.
  • the balance constitutes the inertial element
  • the hairspring constitutes the elastic return element.
  • the balance is guided in rotation by pivots, which rotate in plain ruby bearings.
  • the associated friction is the source of energy losses and operating disturbances.
  • the losses are characterized by the quality factor Q of the resonator.
  • the flexible blades generally used in such rotating flexible guides are more rigid than balance springs. This leads to working at a higher frequency, for example of the order of 20 Hz, and at a lower amplitude, for example from 10 ° to 20 °. At first glance, this does not seem compatible with a Swiss lever type escapement.
  • An operating amplitude compatible with a resonator with rotary flexible guide, in particular with blades, is typically 6 ° to 15 °. This results in a certain value of the angle of lift, which must be twice the minimum operating amplitude.
  • the resonator must have an acceptable size, compatible with its housing in a clockwork movement, it is not possible to date to achieve a flexible rotary guide of very large diameter, nor with several pairs of levels of blades, which would allow in theory, by placing successive flexible guides in series, to obtain an amplitude of oscillation of the inertial element of several tens of degrees: it is therefore advisable to use a flexible guide with one or two levels of blades at most , for example as known from the document EP2894520 in the name of NIVAROX SA, or the document EP3035126 on behalf of THE SWATCH GROUP RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT Ltd.
  • the effect of choosing a flexible rotary guide is that the amplitude of the balance is reduced, and that we can no longer use a traditional Swiss lever escapement, which requires an amplitude of the balance clearly greater than half. - lifting angle, that is to say greater than 25 °.
  • a regulator comprising a resonator with flexible guidance therefore requires a particular escapement mechanism, with a dimensioning different from what would be a conventional Swiss lever escapement designed to operate with the same inertial element of the resonator.
  • the present invention has the overall objective of increasing the power reserve and the precision of current mechanical watches. To achieve this objective, the invention combines a resonator with rotating flexible guidance with an lever escapement optimized to maintain acceptable dynamic losses and limit the chronometric effect of the release.
  • the invention relates to a regulating mechanism according to claim 1.
  • Such resonators with rotating flexible guide have very high quality factors, for example of the order of 3000, compared with a quality factor of 200 for a conventional watch.
  • the dynamic losses kinetic energy of the escape mobile and of the anchor at the end of the pulse
  • These losses can therefore become too great, with a high quality factor, in a relative level with respect to the energy transmitted to the balance.
  • a plate pin secured to the inertial element must penetrate by a certain amount, called penetration, into the opening of the anchor fork.
  • this platform pin must then be able, after release of the pin, to be kept at a certain distance, called security, from the horn of the fork opposite to that on which it was in contact. immediately before its release.
  • the invention also seeks to impose a particular relationship, according to claim 4, between the dimensions of the anchor fork, the penetration and safety values, and the values of the angles of lift of the anchor and of the inertial element, to ensure that the pin retracts correctly from the fork, once the half-angle of lift has been completed.
  • the invention also relates to a clockwork movement comprising motor means, and such a regulating mechanism, the escape mechanism of which is subjected to the torque of these motor means.
  • the invention also relates to a watch, more particularly a mechanical watch, comprising such a movement, and / or such a regulating mechanism.
  • the invention combines a resonator with rotating flexible guidance, in order to increase the power reserve and precision, with an lever escapement optimized to maintain acceptable dynamic losses and limit the chronometric effect of the release.
  • the invention thus relates to a clockwork regulator mechanism 300, comprising, arranged on a plate 1, a resonator mechanism 100 of quality factor Q, and an escape mechanism 200, which is subjected to a torque of motor means 400 that features a 500 movement.
  • This resonator mechanism 100 comprising an inertial element 2 which is arranged to oscillate relative to the plate 1.
  • This inertial element 2 is subjected to the action of elastic return means 3 fixed directly or indirectly to the plate 1.
  • the inertial element 2 is arranged to cooperate indirectly with an escapement mobile 4, in particular an escape wheel, which the escape mechanism 200 comprises, and which pivots about an escape axis DE.
  • the resonator mechanism 100 is a rotary resonator with virtual pivot, around a main axis DP, with flexible guidance comprising at least two flexible blades 5, and comprises a plate pin 6 integral with the inertial element 2
  • the escape mechanism 200 comprises an anchor 7, which pivots about a secondary axis DS and comprises an anchor fork 8 arranged to cooperate with the plate pin 6, and is thus a free escape mechanism: in its operating cycle, the resonator mechanism 100 has at least one phase of freedom where the plate pin 6 is at a distance from the anchor fork 8.
  • the resonator lift angle ⁇ , during which the plate pin 6 is in contact with the anchor fork 8, is less than 10 °.
  • dynamic multibody simulations make it possible to evaluate the efficiency and the delay of this escapement mechanism as a function of the inertia ratio between the inertia of the inertial element and the inertia of the anchor, which usual kinematic simulations do not allow to establish.
  • the analytical model of the system has thus shown that, if we want to limit the dynamic losses, a particular condition links the inertia of the anchor, the inertia of the inertial element, the quality factor of the resonator, and the angles of lifting of the anchor and the inertial element: for a dynamic loss coefficient ⁇ , the inertia I B of the inertial element 2 with respect to the main axis DP on the one hand, and the inertia I A of the anchor 7 with respect to the secondary axis DS on the other hand, are such that the ratio I B / I A is greater than 2Q. ⁇ 2 /( ⁇ . ⁇ . ⁇ 2 ), where a is the Anchor lift angle that corresponds to the maximum angular travel of the anchor fork 8.
  • the inertia I B of the inertial element 2 with respect to the main axis DP on the one hand, and the inertia I A of l 'anchor 7 with respect to the secondary axis DS on the other hand are such that the ratio IB / IA is greater than 2.Q. ⁇ 2 /( ⁇ . ⁇ /10), where a is the lifting angle of the anchor which corresponds to the maximum angular travel of the anchor fork 8.
  • the resonator lift angle ⁇ which is an overall angle, taken on either side of the rest position, is less than twice the amplitude angle from which the maximum deviates. inertial element 2 with respect to a rest position, in a single direction of its movement.
  • the amplitude angle, from which the inertial element 2 deviates as far as possible from a rest position is between 5 ° and 40 °.
  • the plate pin 6 in a contact phase the plate pin 6 enters the anchor fork 8 with a penetration stroke P greater than 100 micrometers, and in a release phase the plate pin 6 remains at distance from the anchor fork 8 with a safety distance S greater than 25 micrometers.
  • the plate peg 6 and the anchor fork 8 are dimensioned so that the width L of the anchor fork 8 is greater than (P + S) / sin ( ⁇ / 2 + ⁇ / 2), the stroke of penetration P and the safety distance S being measured radially with respect to the main axis DP.
  • the useful width L1 of the plate pin 6, visible on the figure 6 is slightly less than the width L of the anchor fork 8, and, more particularly less than or equal to 98% of L.
  • This platform peg 6 is advantageously undercut behind its surface of useful width L1, the peg can in particular have a prismatic shape of triangular section as suggested in the figure, or the like.
  • the invention defines, by construction, a new ankle-fork outline, which has a very particular characteristic, according to which the horns of the fork are more apart, and the ankle is wider, than for a Swiss lever mechanism of known type with a usual lifting angle of 50 °.
  • the anchor 7 is made of a single level of silicon, attached to a metal axis pivoted relative to the plate 1.
  • the escape mobile 4 is a silicon escape wheel.
  • the escape wheel set 4 is an escape wheel which is perforated to minimize its inertia with respect to its pivot axis DE.
  • the anchor 7 is perforated to minimize its inertia I A with respect to the secondary axis DS.
  • the anchor 7 is symmetrical with respect to the secondary axis DS, so as to avoid any unbalance, and to avoid parasitic torques during linear shocks.
  • the figure 7 shows the two horns 81 and 82 arranged to cooperate with the plate pin 6, the paddles 72 and 73 arranged to cooperate with the teeth of the exhaust mobile 4, and false horns 80 and false paddles 70 whose only role is perfect balance,
  • the largest dimension of the inertial element 2 is greater than half of the largest dimension of the plate 1.
  • the main axis DP, the secondary axis DS and the pivot axis of the escape wheel set 4 are arranged in a right angle pointing, the apex of which is the secondary axis DS.
  • the flexible guide comprises two flexible blades 5 crossed in projection on a plane perpendicular to the main axis DP, at the level of the virtual pivot defining the main axis DP, and located in two parallel and distinct levels. More particularly still, the two flexible blades 5, in projection on a plane perpendicular to the main axis DP, form between them an angle of between 59.5 ° and 69.5 °, and cross between 10.75% and 14.75% of their length, of so as to provide the resonator mechanism 100 with a voluntary defect of isochronism opposed to the defect of delay on the escapement of the escapement mechanism 200.
  • the resonator thus exhibits an anisochronism curve which compensates for the delay caused by the escapement. That is, the free resonator is designed with a defect of isochronism opposed to the defect caused by the lever escapement. The exhaust delay is therefore compensated by the design of the resonator.
  • each flexible blade 5 is identical and are positioned in symmetry. More particularly still, each flexible blade 5 belongs to a one-piece assembly 50, in one piece with its first alignment means 52A, 52B, and fixing 54 on the plate 1, or, advantageously and as visible on the figure 10 , for fixing on an intermediate elastic suspension blade 9 fixed to the plate 1 and which is arranged to allow movement of the flexible guide and of the inertial element 2 in the direction of the main axis DP.
  • the first alignment means are a first vee 52A and a first flat 52B, and the first fixing means comprise at least a first bore 54.
  • a first veneer blade 53 ensures the support on the first fixing means.
  • the one-piece assembly 50 comprises, for its attachment to the inertial element 2, second alignment means which are a second vee 56A and a second plate 56B, and the second attachment means comprise at least a second bore 58.
  • a second veneer blade 57 provides support on the second fixing means.
  • the flexible guide 3 with crossed blades 5 is advantageously made up of two one-piece assemblies of 50 identical silicon pieces, assembled in symmetry to form the crossing of the blades, and precisely aligned with respect to each other. thanks to the integrated alignment means and to auxiliary means such as pins and screws, not shown in the figures.
  • the resonator mechanism 100 is fixed to an intermediate elastic suspension strip 9 fixed to the plate 1 and arranged to allow a displacement of the resonator mechanism 100 in the direction of the main axis DP, and the plate 1 comprises at least one anti-shock stop 11, 12, at least in the direction of the main axis DP, and preferably at least two such anti-shock stops 11, 12, which are arranged to cooperate with rigid elements of the inertial element 2, for example flanges 21 and 22 added during the assembly of the inertial element with the flexible guide 3 comprising the blades 5.
  • the elastic suspension blade 9, or a similar device allows movement of the entire resonator 100 substantially in the direction defined by the virtual axis of rotation DP of the guide.
  • the purpose of this device is to prevent the blades 5 from breaking in the event of a transverse impact in the direction DP.
  • FIG. 21 illustrates the presence of anti-shock stops limiting the travel of the inertial element 2 in the three directions in the event of an impact, but located at a sufficient distance so that the inertial element does not touch the stops under the effect of the shock. gravity.
  • the flange 21 or 22 comprises a bore 211 and a face 212, able to cooperate respectively in support of the shock-proof stop with a journal 121 and a complementary surface 122 at the level of the stop 21 or 22.
  • the inertial element 2 comprises weights 20 for adjusting the rate and the unbalance.
  • the platform peg 6 is in one piece with a flexible blade 5, or more particularly, such a one-piece assembly 50 as illustrated in the figures.
  • the anchor 7 comprises bearing surfaces arranged to cooperate in bearing with the teeth that the escape wheel set 4 comprises and to limit the angular travel of the anchor 7. These bearings make it possible to limit the angular travel of anchor, as stars would.
  • the angular travel of the anchor 78 can moreover be conventionally limited by limiting pins 700.
  • the flexible guide 3 is made of oxidized silicon to compensate for the effects of temperature on the operation of the regulating mechanism 300.
  • the invention also relates to a timepiece movement 500 comprising motor means 400, and such a regulator mechanism 300, of which the escape mechanism 200 is subjected to the torque of these motor means 400.
  • the invention also relates to a watch 1000, more particularly a mechanical watch, comprising such a movement 500, and / or such a regulating mechanism 300.
  • the present invention makes it possible to increase the power reserve and / or the precision of current mechanical watches. For a given movement size, we can quadruple the autonomy of the watch and double the regulating power of the watch. This amounts to saying that the invention allows a gain of a factor of 8 on the performance of the movement.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Micromachines (AREA)
  • Piezo-Electric Or Mechanical Vibrators, Or Delay Or Filter Circuits (AREA)
  • Electromechanical Clocks (AREA)

Description

Domaine de l'inventionField of the invention

L'invention concerne un mécanisme régulateur d'horlogerie, comportant, agencés sur une platine, un mécanisme résonateur d'un facteur de qualité Q, et un mécanisme d'échappement lequel est soumis à un couple de moyens moteurs que comporte un mouvement, ledit mécanisme résonateur comportant un élément inertiel agencé pour osciller par rapport à ladite platine, ledit élément inertiel étant soumis à l'action de moyens de rappel élastique fixés directement ou indirectement à ladite platine, et ledit élément inertiel étant agencé pour coopérer avec un mobile d'échappement que comporte ledit mécanisme d'échappement.The invention relates to a clockwork regulating mechanism, comprising, arranged on a plate, a resonator mechanism with a quality factor Q, and an escape mechanism which is subjected to a torque of motor means which a movement comprises, said movement. resonator mechanism comprising an inertial element arranged to oscillate relative to said plate, said inertial element being subjected to the action of elastic return means fixed directly or indirectly to said plate, and said inertial element being arranged to cooperate with a mobile of exhaust that said exhaust mechanism comprises.

L'invention concerne encore un mouvement d'horlogerie comportant des moyens moteurs, et un tel mécanisme régulateur, dont le mécanisme d'échappement est soumis au couple de ces moyens moteurs.The invention also relates to a clockwork movement comprising motor means, and such a regulating mechanism, the escape mechanism of which is subjected to the torque of these motor means.

L'invention concerne encore une montre, plus particulièrement une montre mécanique, comportant un tel mouvement, et/ou un tel mécanisme régulateur.The invention also relates to a watch, more particularly a mechanical watch, comprising such a movement, and / or such a regulating mechanism.

L'invention concerne le domaine des mécanismes de régulation d'horlogerie, en particulier pour des montres.The invention relates to the field of clockwork regulation mechanisms, in particular for watches.

Arrière-plan de l'inventionBackground of the invention

La plupart des montres mécaniques comportent un oscillateur de type balancier-spiral, coopérant avec un échappement à ancre suisse. Le balancier-spiral constitue la base de temps de la montre. On l'appelle ici résonateur. L'échappement, quant à lui, remplit deux fonctions principales, à savoir entretenir les va-et-vient du résonateur, et compter ces va-et-vient. Cet échappement doit être robuste, ne pas perturber le balancier loin de son point d'équilibre, résister aux chocs, éviter de coincer le mouvement (par exemple lors d'un renversement), et constitue donc un composant névralgique du mouvement d'horlogerie.Most mechanical watches have a sprung balance type oscillator, cooperating with a Swiss lever escapement. The sprung balance forms the time base of the watch. It is called here resonator. The escapement, for its part, fulfills two main functions, namely to maintain the comings and goings of the resonator, and to count these comings and goings. This escapement must be robust, not disturb the balance far from its point of equilibrium, resist shocks, avoid jamming the movement (for example during a reversal), and therefore constitutes a key component of the watch movement.

Typiquement, un balancier-spiral oscille avec une amplitude de 300°, et l'angle de levée est de 50°. L'angle de levée est l'angle du balancier sur lequel la fourchette de l'ancre interagit avec la cheville, dite aussi ellipse, du balancier. Dans la plupart des échappements à ancre suisse actuels, l'angle de levée se répartit de part et d'autre du point d'équilibre du balancier (+/- 25°), et l'ancre bascule de +/- 7°.Typically, a sprung balance oscillates with an amplitude of 300 °, and the lift angle is 50 °. The angle of lift is the angle of the balance on which the fork of the anchor interacts with the pin, also called the ellipse, of the balance. In most current Swiss lever escapements, the lift angle is distributed on either side of the balance point of the balance (+/- 25 °), and the anchor tilts +/- 7 °.

L'échappement à ancre suisse fait partie de la catégorie des échappements libres, car, au-delà du demi-angle de levée, le résonateur ne touche plus l'ancre. Cette caractéristique est essentielle pour obtenir de bonnes propriétés chronométriques.The Swiss lever escapement belongs to the category of free escapements, because, beyond the half-angle of lift, the resonator no longer touches the anchor. This characteristic is essential for obtaining good chronometric properties.

Un résonateur mécanique comporte un élément inertiel, un guidage et un élément de rappel élastique. Traditionnellement, le balancier constitue l'élément inertiel, et le spiral constitue l'élément de rappel élastique. Le balancier est guidé en rotation par des pivots, qui tournent dans des paliers lisses en rubis. Les frottements associés sont à l'origine de pertes d'énergie et de perturbations de marche. On cherche à supprimer ces perturbations, qui, de plus, dépendent de l'orientation de la montre dans le champ de gravité. Les pertes sont caractérisées par le facteur de qualité Q du résonateur. On cherche généralement à maximiser ce facteur de qualité Q, de façon notamment à obtenir la meilleure réserve de marche possible. On comprend que le guidage constitue un facteur essentiel de pertes.A mechanical resonator comprises an inertial element, a guide and an elastic return element. Traditionally, the balance constitutes the inertial element, and the hairspring constitutes the elastic return element. The balance is guided in rotation by pivots, which rotate in plain ruby bearings. The associated friction is the source of energy losses and operating disturbances. We seek to eliminate these disturbances, which, moreover, depend on the orientation of the watch in the field of gravity. The losses are characterized by the quality factor Q of the resonator. We generally seek to maximize this quality factor Q, in particular so as to obtain the best possible power reserve. It is understood that the guidance constitutes an essential factor of losses.

L'utilisation d'un guidage flexible rotatif, en lieu et place des pivots et du spiral traditionnel, est une solution qui permet de maximiser le facteur de qualité Q. Les résonateurs à lames flexibles, pour autant qu'ils soient bien conçus, ont des propriétés chronométriques prometteuses, indépendamment de l'orientation dans la gravité, et ont de hauts facteurs de qualité, notamment grâce à l'absence de frottements de pivotement. En outre l'usage de guidages flexibles permet d'éliminer les problèmes d'usure des pivots.The use of a rotating flexible guide, instead of the pivots and the traditional hairspring, is a solution which makes it possible to maximize the quality factor Q. Resonators with flexible blades, as long as they are well designed, have promising chronometric properties, regardless of the orientation in gravity, and have high quality factors, in particular thanks to the absence of pivotal friction. In addition, the use of flexible guides makes it possible to eliminate the problems of wear of the pivots.

Toutefois, les lames flexibles généralement utilisées dans de tels guidages flexibles rotatifs sont plus rigides que des spiraux. Ceci conduit à travailler à plus haute fréquence, par exemple de l'ordre de 20 Hz, et à plus faible amplitude, par exemple de 10° à 20°. Cela semble de prime abord peu compatible avec un échappement de type à ancre suisse.However, the flexible blades generally used in such rotating flexible guides are more rigid than balance springs. This leads to working at a higher frequency, for example of the order of 20 Hz, and at a lower amplitude, for example from 10 ° to 20 °. At first glance, this does not seem compatible with a Swiss lever type escapement.

Une amplitude de fonctionnement compatible avec un résonateur à guidage flexible rotatif, notamment à lames, est typiquement de 6° à 15°. Il en résulte une certaine valeur d'angle de levée, lequel doit être le double de l'amplitude minimale de fonctionnement.An operating amplitude compatible with a resonator with rotary flexible guide, in particular with blades, is typically 6 ° to 15 °. This results in a certain value of the angle of lift, which must be twice the minimum operating amplitude.

En l'absence de précautions particulières, un échappement à faible angle de levée peut avoir un rendement médiocre, et provoquer un retard trop important. Toutefois, le cumul d'une haute fréquence et d'une faible amplitude autorise des vitesses de passage du balancier qui sont acceptables, sans être trop élevées, et donc le rendement de l'échappement n'est pas automatiquement médiocre.In the absence of special precautions, an exhaust with a low lift angle may have poor efficiency, and cause too long a delay. However, the combination of a high frequency and a low amplitude allows speed of passage of the balance which are acceptable, without being too high, and therefore the efficiency of the exhaust is not automatically mediocre.

Le résonateur doit avoir un encombrement acceptable, compatible avec son logement dans un mouvement d'horlogerie, il n'est pas possible à ce jour de réaliser un guidage flexible rotatif de très grand diamètre, ni à plusieurs paires de niveaux de lames, qui permettraient en théorie, par la mise en série de guidages flexibles successifs, d'obtenir une amplitude d'oscillation de l'élément inertiel de plusieurs dizaines de degrés: il convient donc d'utiliser un guidage flexible à un ou deux niveaux de lames au plus, par exemple tel que connu du document EP2894520 au nom de NIVAROX SA, ou encore du document EP3035126 au nom de THE SWATCH GROUP RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT Ltd.The resonator must have an acceptable size, compatible with its housing in a clockwork movement, it is not possible to date to achieve a flexible rotary guide of very large diameter, nor with several pairs of levels of blades, which would allow in theory, by placing successive flexible guides in series, to obtain an amplitude of oscillation of the inertial element of several tens of degrees: it is therefore advisable to use a flexible guide with one or two levels of blades at most , for example as known from the document EP2894520 in the name of NIVAROX SA, or the document EP3035126 on behalf of THE SWATCH GROUP RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT Ltd.

En somme, l'effet du choix d'un guidage flexible rotatif est que l'amplitude du balancier est réduite, et que l'on ne peut plus utiliser un échappement à ancre suisse traditionnel, lequel nécessite une amplitude du balancier nettement supérieure au demi-angle de levée, c'est-à-dire supérieure à 25°. Un régulateur comportant un résonateur à guidage flexible nécessite donc un mécanisme d'échappement particulier, avec un dimensionnement différent de ce que serait un échappement à ancre suisse usuel conçu pour fonctionner avec le même élément inertiel du résonateur.In short, the effect of choosing a flexible rotary guide is that the amplitude of the balance is reduced, and that we can no longer use a traditional Swiss lever escapement, which requires an amplitude of the balance clearly greater than half. - lifting angle, that is to say greater than 25 °. A regulator comprising a resonator with flexible guidance therefore requires a particular escapement mechanism, with a dimensioning different from what would be a conventional Swiss lever escapement designed to operate with the same inertial element of the resonator.

Résumé de l'inventionSummary of the invention

La présente invention a pour objectif global d'augmenter la réserve de marche et la précision des montres mécaniques actuelles. Pour atteindre cet objectif, l'invention combine un résonateur à guidage flexible rotatif avec un échappement à ancre optimisé pour conserver des pertes dynamiques acceptables et limiter l'effet chronométrique du dégagement.The present invention has the overall objective of increasing the power reserve and the precision of current mechanical watches. To achieve this objective, the invention combines a resonator with rotating flexible guidance with an lever escapement optimized to maintain acceptable dynamic losses and limit the chronometric effect of the release.

Faute d'enseignement dans l'art antérieur pour le dimensionnement, tant du résonateur que du mécanisme d'échappement, des calculs d'un modèle analytique et une campagne de simulations ont permis de mettre en évidence des paramètres du résonateur et de l'échappement, qui sont compatibles avec un rendement et un retard acceptables.For lack of teaching in the prior art for the sizing, both of the resonator and of the escape mechanism, calculations of an analytical model and a campaign of simulations made it possible to highlight the parameters of the resonator and of the escapement. , which are compatible with acceptable yield and delay.

Ces calculs et ces simulations démontrent que le rapport entre l'inertie de l'élément inertiel, notamment un balancier, et l'inertie de l'ancre, est déterminant.These calculations and simulations demonstrate that the relationship between the inertia of the inertial element, in particular a balance, and the inertia of the anchor, is decisive.

A cet effet, l'invention concerne un mécanisme régulateur selon la revendication 1.To this end, the invention relates to a regulating mechanism according to claim 1.

De tels résonateurs à guidage flexible rotatif ont de très hauts facteurs de qualité, par exemple de l'ordre de 3000, à comparer avec un facteur de qualité de 200 pour une montre usuelle. Or les pertes dynamiques (énergie cinétique du mobile d'échappement et de l'ancre en fin d'impulsion) sont indépendantes du facteur de qualité. Ces pertes peuvent donc devenir trop importantes, à haut facteur de qualité, en niveau relatif par rapport à l'énergie transmise au balancier.Such resonators with rotating flexible guide have very high quality factors, for example of the order of 3000, compared with a quality factor of 200 for a conventional watch. However, the dynamic losses (kinetic energy of the escape mobile and of the anchor at the end of the pulse) are independent of the quality factor. These losses can therefore become too great, with a high quality factor, in a relative level with respect to the energy transmitted to the balance.

Pour un fonctionnement correct du mécanisme, une cheville de plateau solidaire de l'élément inertiel, doit pénétrer d'une certaine valeur, appelée pénétration, dans l'ouverture de la fourchette d'ancre. De façon similaire, pour assurer les sécurités au dégagement, cette cheville de plateau doit pouvoir ensuite, après dégagement de la cheville, être maintenue à une certaine distance, appelée sécurité, de la corne de la fourchette opposée à celle sur laquelle elle était en contact immédiatement avant son dégagement.For correct operation of the mechanism, a plate pin secured to the inertial element must penetrate by a certain amount, called penetration, into the opening of the anchor fork. Similarly, to ensure safety during release, this platform pin must then be able, after release of the pin, to be kept at a certain distance, called security, from the horn of the fork opposite to that on which it was in contact. immediately before its release.

Aussi, l'invention s'attache encore à imposer une relation particulière, selon la revendication 4, entre les dimensions de la fourchette d'ancre, les valeurs de pénétration et de sécurité, et les valeurs des angles de levée de l'ancre et de l'élément inertiel, pour assurer que la cheville s'escamote correctement de la fourchette, une fois le demi-angle de levée parcouru.Also, the invention also seeks to impose a particular relationship, according to claim 4, between the dimensions of the anchor fork, the penetration and safety values, and the values of the angles of lift of the anchor and of the inertial element, to ensure that the pin retracts correctly from the fork, once the half-angle of lift has been completed.

L'invention concerne encore un mouvement d'horlogerie comportant des moyens moteurs, et un tel mécanisme régulateur, dont le mécanisme d'échappement est soumis au couple de ces moyens moteurs.The invention also relates to a clockwork movement comprising motor means, and such a regulating mechanism, the escape mechanism of which is subjected to the torque of these motor means.

L'invention concerne encore une montre, plus particulièrement une montre mécanique, comportant un tel mouvement, et/ou un tel mécanisme régulateur.The invention also relates to a watch, more particularly a mechanical watch, comprising such a movement, and / or such a regulating mechanism.

Description sommaire des dessinsBrief description of the drawings

D'autres caractéristiques et avantages de l'invention apparaîtront à la lecture de la description détaillée qui va suivre, en référence aux dessins annexés, où :

  • la figure 1 comporte un double graphique comportant sur la même abscisse le rapport entre l'inertie de l'élément inertiel du résonateur et l'inertie de l'ancre, et qui, en ordonnée montre, pour un exemple particulier de mécanisme, d'une part au niveau du graphique supérieur en partie positive l'allure du rendement du régulateur en %, et au niveau du graphique inférieur en partie négative l'allure du retard en secondes par jour; ces graphiques supérieur et inférieur sont établis pour une même géométrie d'échappement donnée, avec des valeurs particulières de facteur de qualité, d'angle de levée d'ancre, et d'amplitude de fonctionnement;
  • la figure 2 représente, de façon schématisée, partielle, et en perspective, un mouvement d'horlogerie, avec une platine porteuse d'un mécanisme régulateur selon l'invention, comportant un résonateur à guidage flexible avec deux lames flexibles disposées sur deux niveaux parallèles et croisées en projection, fixées à la platine par l'intermédiaire d'un élément élastique, ce résonateur comportant un élément inertiel de grande étendue, en forme de lettre omega, et dont la partie centrale, portée par les deux lames flexibles, porte une cheville agencée pour coopérer avec une ancre symétrique, dont le pivotage par un arbre métallique sur la platine n'est pas représenté, qui coopère elle-même avec une roue d'échappement classique;
  • la figure 3 représente, en vue en plan, le seul mécanisme régulateur de la figure 2, agencé sur la platine du mouvement;
  • la figure 4 représente, en vue en plan, le détail du mécanisme régulateur de la figure 2 ;
  • la figure 5 représente, en perspective partiellement éclatée, le mécanisme régulateur de la figure 2 ;
  • la figure 6 représente, en vue en plan, un détail de la zone de coopération entre la cheville de plateau de l'élément inertiel du résonateur, et la fourchette de l'ancre, représentée dans une position de butée sur une goupille de limitation;
  • la figure 7 représente, en vue en plan, l'ancre du mécanisme de la figure 2, en forme de cornes de bovin watusi ;
  • la figure 8 représente, en vue en plan, le guidage flexible du mécanisme de la figure 2 ;
  • la figure 9 représente, en vue en plan, une exécution particulière d'un niveau du guidage flexible du mécanisme de la figure 2 ;
  • la figure 10 représente, en vue de côté, le mécanisme régulateur de la figure 2;
  • la figure 11 représente, en perspective, un détail du mécanisme régulateur de la figure 2, concernant des butées anti-choc au niveau de sa platine;
  • les figures 12 à 14 sont des graphiques comportant en abscisse le couple appliqué au mobile d'échappement, et en ordonnée, respectivement l'amplitude mesurée en degrés sur la figure 12, le retard en secondes par jour sur la figure 13, et le rendement du régulateur en % sur la figure 14 ;
  • la figure 15 est un schéma-blocs qui représente une montre comportant un mouvement avec des moyens moteurs et un mécanisme régulateur selon l'invention.
Other characteristics and advantages of the invention will become apparent on reading the detailed description which follows, with reference to the appended drawings, where:
  • the figure 1 comprises a double graph comprising on the same abscissa the ratio between the inertia of the inertial element of the resonator and the inertia of the anchor, and which, on the ordinate shows, for a particular example of mechanism, on the one hand at the level of the upper graph in positive part the rate of regulator efficiency in%, and at the level of the lower graph in negative part the rate of the delay in seconds per day; these upper and lower graphs are established for the same given exhaust geometry, with particular values of quality factor, angle of lift of anchor, and operating amplitude;
  • the figure 2 schematically shows, partially, and in perspective, a clockwork movement, with a plate carrying a regulating mechanism according to the invention, comprising a resonator with flexible guidance with two flexible blades arranged on two parallel levels and crossed in projection, fixed to the plate by means of an elastic element, this resonator comprising an inertial element of great extent, in the shape of the letter omega, and the central part of which, carried by the two flexible blades, carries a pin arranged for cooperate with a symmetrical anchor, the pivoting of which by a metal shaft on the plate is not shown, which itself cooperates with a conventional escape wheel;
  • the figure 3 represents, in plan view, the only regulating mechanism of the figure 2 , arranged on the movement plate;
  • the figure 4 shows, in plan view, the detail of the regulating mechanism of the figure 2 ;
  • the figure 5 represents, in partially exploded perspective, the regulating mechanism of the figure 2 ;
  • the figure 6 shows, in plan view, a detail of the cooperation zone between the plate pin of the inertial element of the resonator, and the fork of the anchor, shown in a stop position on a limiting pin;
  • the figure 7 represents, in plan view, the anchor of the mechanism of the figure 2 , shaped like the horns of a watusi cow;
  • the figure 8 shows, in plan view, the flexible guide of the mechanism of the figure 2 ;
  • the figure 9 shows, in plan view, a particular execution of a level of the flexible guide of the mechanism of the figure 2 ;
  • the figure 10 shows, in side view, the regulating mechanism of the figure 2 ;
  • the figure 11 represents, in perspective, a detail of the regulatory mechanism of the figure 2 , concerning anti-shock stops at its plate;
  • the figures 12 to 14 are graphs comprising on the abscissa the torque applied to the exhaust mobile, and on the ordinate, respectively the amplitude measured in degrees on the figure 12 , the delay in seconds per day on the figure 13 , and the regulator efficiency in% on the figure 14 ;
  • the figure 15 is a block diagram which represents a watch comprising a movement with motor means and a regulating mechanism according to the invention.

Description détaillée des modes de réalisation préférésDetailed description of the preferred embodiments

L'invention combine un résonateur à guidage flexible rotatif, afin d'augmenter la réserve de marche et la précision, avec un échappement à ancre optimisé pour conserver des pertes dynamiques acceptables et limiter l'effet chronométrique du dégagement.The invention combines a resonator with rotating flexible guidance, in order to increase the power reserve and precision, with an lever escapement optimized to maintain acceptable dynamic losses and limit the chronometric effect of the release.

L'invention concerne ainsi un mécanisme régulateur 300 d'horlogerie, comportant, agencés sur une platine 1, un mécanisme résonateur 100 de facteur de qualité Q, et un mécanisme d'échappement 200, lequel est soumis à un couple de moyens moteurs 400 que comporte un mouvement 500.The invention thus relates to a clockwork regulator mechanism 300, comprising, arranged on a plate 1, a resonator mechanism 100 of quality factor Q, and an escape mechanism 200, which is subjected to a torque of motor means 400 that features a 500 movement.

Ce mécanisme résonateur 100 comportant un élément inertiel 2 qui est agencé pour osciller par rapport à la platine 1. Cet élément inertiel 2 est soumis à l'action de moyens de rappel élastique 3 fixés directement ou indirectement à la platine 1. L'élément inertiel 2 est agencé pour coopérer indirectement avec un mobile d'échappement 4, notamment une roue d'échappement, que comporte le mécanisme d'échappement 200, et qui pivote autour d'un axe d'échappement DE.This resonator mechanism 100 comprising an inertial element 2 which is arranged to oscillate relative to the plate 1. This inertial element 2 is subjected to the action of elastic return means 3 fixed directly or indirectly to the plate 1. The inertial element 2 is arranged to cooperate indirectly with an escapement mobile 4, in particular an escape wheel, which the escape mechanism 200 comprises, and which pivots about an escape axis DE.

Selon l'invention, le mécanisme résonateur 100 est un résonateur rotatif à pivot virtuel, autour d'un axe principal DP, à guidage flexible comportant au moins deux lames flexibles 5, et comporte une cheville de plateau 6 solidaire de l'élément inertiel 2. Le mécanisme d'échappement 200 comporte une ancre 7, laquelle pivote autour d'un axe secondaire DS et comporte une fourchette d'ancre 8 agencée pour coopérer avec la cheville de plateau 6, et est ainsi un mécanisme d'échappement libre: dans son cycle de fonctionnement, le mécanisme résonateur 100 possède au moins une phase de liberté où la cheville de plateau 6 est à distance de la fourchette d'ancre 8. L'angle de levée de résonateur β, pendant lequel la cheville de plateau 6 est en contact avec la fourchette d'ancre 8, est inférieur à 10°.According to the invention, the resonator mechanism 100 is a rotary resonator with virtual pivot, around a main axis DP, with flexible guidance comprising at least two flexible blades 5, and comprises a plate pin 6 integral with the inertial element 2 The escape mechanism 200 comprises an anchor 7, which pivots about a secondary axis DS and comprises an anchor fork 8 arranged to cooperate with the plate pin 6, and is thus a free escape mechanism: in its operating cycle, the resonator mechanism 100 has at least one phase of freedom where the plate pin 6 is at a distance from the anchor fork 8. The resonator lift angle β, during which the plate pin 6 is in contact with the anchor fork 8, is less than 10 °.

Etant donnée une géométrie d'échappement particulière, et une amplitude de fonctionnement particulière, notamment 8°, les simulations multicorps dynamiques (c'est-à-dire relatives à un ensemble de plusieurs composants dont chacun est affecté d'une masse et d'une distribution d'inertie particulière) permettent d'évaluer le rendement et le retard de ce mécanisme d'échappement en fonction du rapport d'inertie entre l'inertie de l'élément inertiel et l'inertie de l'ancre, ce que des simulations cinématiques usuelles ne permettent pas d'établir. Tel que visible sur la figure 1, on constate que, dans les conditions de simulations, il y a un seuil de bon rendement, supérieur à 35%, et de faible retard, inférieur à 8 secondes par jour, pour une inertie de l'élément inertiel, notamment d'un balancier, qui est 10000 fois plus grande que l'inertie de l'ancre.Given a particular exhaust geometry, and a particular operating amplitude, in particular 8 °, dynamic multibody simulations (that is to say relating to a set of several components each of which is assigned a mass and a particular inertia distribution) make it possible to evaluate the efficiency and the delay of this escapement mechanism as a function of the inertia ratio between the inertia of the inertial element and the inertia of the anchor, which usual kinematic simulations do not allow to establish. As seen on the figure 1 , it is noted that, under the conditions of simulations, there is a threshold of good efficiency, greater than 35%, and of low delay, less than 8 seconds per day, for an inertia of the inertial element, in particular of a balance, which is 10,000 times greater than the inertia of the anchor.

Le modèle analytique du système a ainsi montré que, si on veut limiter les pertes dynamiques, une condition particulière lie l'inertie de l'ancre, l'inertie de l'élément inertiel, le facteur de qualité du résonateur, et les angles de levée de l'ancre et de l'élément inertiel : pour un coefficient ε de pertes dynamiques, l'inertie IB de l'élément inertiel 2 par rapport à l'axe principal DP d'une part, et l'inertie IA de l'ancre 7 par rapport à l'axe secondaire DS d'autre part, sont telles que le rapport IB/IA est supérieur à 2Q.α2/(ε.π.β2), où a est l'angle de levée de l'ancre qui correspond à la course angulaire maximale de la fourchette d'ancre 8.The analytical model of the system has thus shown that, if we want to limit the dynamic losses, a particular condition links the inertia of the anchor, the inertia of the inertial element, the quality factor of the resonator, and the angles of lifting of the anchor and the inertial element: for a dynamic loss coefficient ε, the inertia I B of the inertial element 2 with respect to the main axis DP on the one hand, and the inertia I A of the anchor 7 with respect to the secondary axis DS on the other hand, are such that the ratio I B / I A is greater than 2Q.α 2 /(ε.π.β 2 ), where a is the Anchor lift angle that corresponds to the maximum angular travel of the anchor fork 8.

Plus particulièrement, si on veut limiter les pertes dynamiques à un facteur ε=10%, l'inertie IB de l'élément inertiel 2 par rapport à l'axe principal DP d'une part, et l'inertie IA de l'ancre 7 par rapport à l'axe secondaire DS d'autre part, sont telles que le rapport IB/IA est supérieur à 2.Q.α2/(π.β/10), où a est l'angle de levée de l'ancre qui correspond à la course angulaire maximale de la fourchette d'ancre 8.More particularly, if we want to limit the dynamic losses to a factor ε = 10%, the inertia I B of the inertial element 2 with respect to the main axis DP on the one hand, and the inertia I A of l 'anchor 7 with respect to the secondary axis DS on the other hand, are such that the ratio IB / IA is greater than 2.Q.α 2 /(π.β/10), where a is the lifting angle of the anchor which corresponds to the maximum angular travel of the anchor fork 8.

Plus particulièrement, l'angle de levée de résonateur β, qui est un angle global, pris de part et d'autre de la position de repos, est inférieur au double de l'angle d'amplitude dont s'écarte au maximum l'élément inertiel 2 par rapport à une position de repos, dans un seul sens de son mouvement.More particularly, the resonator lift angle β, which is an overall angle, taken on either side of the rest position, is less than twice the amplitude angle from which the maximum deviates. inertial element 2 with respect to a rest position, in a single direction of its movement.

Plus particulièrement, l'angle d'amplitude, dont s'écarte au maximum l'élément inertiel 2 par rapport à une position de repos, est compris entre 5° et 40°.More particularly, the amplitude angle, from which the inertial element 2 deviates as far as possible from a rest position, is between 5 ° and 40 °.

Plus particulièrement, lors de chaque alternance, dans une phase de contact la cheville de plateau 6 pénètre dans la fourchette d'ancre 8 avec une course de pénétration P supérieure à 100 micromètres, et dans une phase de dégagement la cheville de plateau 6 reste à distance de la fourchette d'ancre 8 avec une distance de sécurité S supérieure à 25 micromètres.More particularly, during each alternation, in a contact phase the plate pin 6 enters the anchor fork 8 with a penetration stroke P greater than 100 micrometers, and in a release phase the plate pin 6 remains at distance from the anchor fork 8 with a safety distance S greater than 25 micrometers.

Et la cheville de plateau 6 et la fourchette d'ancre 8 sont dimensionnées pour que la largeur L de la fourchette d'ancre 8 soit supérieure à (P+S)/sin(α/2+β/2), la course de pénétration P et la distance de sécurité S étant mesurées radialement par rapport à l'axe principal DP.And the plate peg 6 and the anchor fork 8 are dimensioned so that the width L of the anchor fork 8 is greater than (P + S) / sin (α / 2 + β / 2), the stroke of penetration P and the safety distance S being measured radially with respect to the main axis DP.

La largeur utile L1 de la cheville de plateau 6, visible sur la figure 6, est légèrement inférieure à la largeur L de la fourchette d'ancre 8, et, plus particulièrement inférieure ou égale à 98% de L. Cette cheville de plateau 6 est avantageusement en dépouille derrière sa surface de largeur utile L1, la cheville peut notamment avoir une forme prismatique de section triangulaire telle que suggérée sur la figure, ou similaire.The useful width L1 of the plate pin 6, visible on the figure 6 , is slightly less than the width L of the anchor fork 8, and, more particularly less than or equal to 98% of L. This platform peg 6 is advantageously undercut behind its surface of useful width L1, the peg can in particular have a prismatic shape of triangular section as suggested in the figure, or the like.

Ainsi, l'invention définit, par construction, un nouveau tracé cheville-fourchette, qui présente une caractéristique bien particulière, selon laquelle les cornes de la fourchette sont plus écartées, et la cheville est plus large, que pour un mécanisme à ancre suisse de type connu avec un angle de levée usuel de 50°.Thus, the invention defines, by construction, a new ankle-fork outline, which has a very particular characteristic, according to which the horns of the fork are more apart, and the ankle is wider, than for a Swiss lever mechanism of known type with a usual lifting angle of 50 °.

Ainsi, en élargissant sensiblement la fourchette de l'ancre par rapport aux proportions habituelles, on peut encore dimensionner un échappement à ancre suisse avec un très petit angle de levée, par exemple de l'ordre de 10°.Thus, by significantly widening the range of the anchor relative to the usual proportions, it is possible to further size a Swiss lever escapement with a very small lift angle, for example of the order of 10 °.

Plus particulièrement, l'ancre 7 est en un niveau unique de silicium, rapporté sur un axe métallique pivoté par rapport à la platine 1.More particularly, the anchor 7 is made of a single level of silicon, attached to a metal axis pivoted relative to the plate 1.

Plus particulièrement, le mobile d'échappement 4 est une roue d'échappement en silicium.More particularly, the escape mobile 4 is a silicon escape wheel.

Plus particulièrement, le mobile d'échappement 4 est une roue d'échappement qui est ajourée pour minimiser son inertie par rapport à son axe de pivotement DE.More particularly, the escape wheel set 4 is an escape wheel which is perforated to minimize its inertia with respect to its pivot axis DE.

Plus particulièrement, l'ancre 7 est ajourée pour minimiser son inertie IA par rapport à l'axe secondaire DS.More particularly, the anchor 7 is perforated to minimize its inertia I A with respect to the secondary axis DS.

De préférence, l'ancre 7 est symétrique par rapport à l'axe secondaire DS, de façon à éviter tout balourd, et éviter les couples parasites lors de chocs linéaires. La figure 7 montre les deux cornes 81 et 82 agencées pour coopérer avec la cheville de plateau 6, les palettes 72 et 73 agencées pour coopérer avec des dents du mobile d'échappement 4, et des fausses cornes 80 et des fausses palettes 70 dont le seul rôle est un équilibrage parfait,Preferably, the anchor 7 is symmetrical with respect to the secondary axis DS, so as to avoid any unbalance, and to avoid parasitic torques during linear shocks. The figure 7 shows the two horns 81 and 82 arranged to cooperate with the plate pin 6, the paddles 72 and 73 arranged to cooperate with the teeth of the exhaust mobile 4, and false horns 80 and false paddles 70 whose only role is perfect balance,

Plus particulièrement, la plus grande dimension de l'élément inertiel 2 est plus grande que la moitié de la plus grande dimension de la platine 1.More particularly, the largest dimension of the inertial element 2 is greater than half of the largest dimension of the plate 1.

Plus particulièrement, l'axe principal DP, l'axe secondaire DS et l'axe de pivotement du mobile d'échappement 4, sont disposés selon un pointage à angle droit dont le sommet est l'axe secondaire DS.More particularly, the main axis DP, the secondary axis DS and the pivot axis of the escape wheel set 4, are arranged in a right angle pointing, the apex of which is the secondary axis DS.

Plus particulièrement, le guidage flexible comporte deux lames flexibles 5 croisées en projection sur un plan perpendiculaire à l'axe principal DP, au niveau du pivot virtuel définissant l'axe principal DP, et situées dans deux niveaux parallèles et distincts. Plus particulièrement encore, les deux lames flexibles 5, en projection sur un plan perpendiculairement à l'axe principal DP, forment entre elles un angle compris entre 59.5°et 69.5°, et se croisent entre 10.75% et 14.75% de leur longueur, de façon à procurer au mécanisme résonateur 100 un défaut volontaire d'isochronisme opposé au défaut de retard à l'échappement du mécanisme d'échappement 200.More particularly, the flexible guide comprises two flexible blades 5 crossed in projection on a plane perpendicular to the main axis DP, at the level of the virtual pivot defining the main axis DP, and located in two parallel and distinct levels. More particularly still, the two flexible blades 5, in projection on a plane perpendicular to the main axis DP, form between them an angle of between 59.5 ° and 69.5 °, and cross between 10.75% and 14.75% of their length, of so as to provide the resonator mechanism 100 with a voluntary defect of isochronism opposed to the defect of delay on the escapement of the escapement mechanism 200.

Le résonateur présente ainsi une courbe d'anisochronisme qui compense le retard provoqué par l'échappement. C'est-à-dire que le résonateur libre est conçu avec un défaut d'isochronisme opposé au défaut provoqué par l'échappement à ancre. On compense donc le retard à l'échappement par la conception du résonateur.The resonator thus exhibits an anisochronism curve which compensates for the delay caused by the escapement. That is, the free resonator is designed with a defect of isochronism opposed to the defect caused by the lever escapement. The exhaust delay is therefore compensated by the design of the resonator.

Plus particulièrement les deux lames flexibles 5 sont identiques et sont positionnées en symétrie. Plus particulièrement encore, chaque lame flexible 5 appartient à un ensemble monobloc 50, d'une seule pièce avec ses premiers moyens d'alignement 52A, 52B, et de fixation 54 sur la platine 1, ou, avantageusement et tel que visible sur la figure 10, de fixation sur une lame élastique intermédiaire de suspension 9 fixée à la platine 1 et qui est agencée pour autoriser un déplacement du guidage flexible et de l'élément inertiel 2 selon la direction de l'axe principal DP.More particularly, the two flexible blades 5 are identical and are positioned in symmetry. More particularly still, each flexible blade 5 belongs to a one-piece assembly 50, in one piece with its first alignment means 52A, 52B, and fixing 54 on the plate 1, or, advantageously and as visible on the figure 10 , for fixing on an intermediate elastic suspension blade 9 fixed to the plate 1 and which is arranged to allow movement of the flexible guide and of the inertial element 2 in the direction of the main axis DP.

Dans la variante non limitative illustrée par les figures, les premiers moyens d'alignement sont un premier vé 52A et un premier plat 52B, et les premiers moyens de fixation comportent au moins un premier alésage 54. Une première lame de placage 53 assure l'appui sur les premiers moyens de fixation. De façon similaire, l'ensemble monobloc 50 comporte, pour sa fixation sur l'élément inertiel 2, des deuxièmes moyens d'alignements qui sont un deuxième vé 56A et un deuxième plat 56B, et les deuxièmes moyens de fixation comportent au moins un deuxième alésage 58. Une deuxième lame de placage 57 assure l'appui sur les deuxièmes moyens de fixation.In the non-limiting variant illustrated by the figures, the first alignment means are a first vee 52A and a first flat 52B, and the first fixing means comprise at least a first bore 54. A first veneer blade 53 ensures the support on the first fixing means. Similarly, the one-piece assembly 50 comprises, for its attachment to the inertial element 2, second alignment means which are a second vee 56A and a second plate 56B, and the second attachment means comprise at least a second bore 58. A second veneer blade 57 provides support on the second fixing means.

Le guidage flexible 3 à lames croisées 5 est avantageusement constitué de deux ensembles monobloc 50 pièces en silicium identiques, assemblés en symétrie pour former le croisement des lames, et alignés précisément l'un par rapport à l'autre grâce aux moyens d'alignement intégrés et à des moyens auxiliaires tels que des goupilles et des vis, non représentés sur les figures.The flexible guide 3 with crossed blades 5 is advantageously made up of two one-piece assemblies of 50 identical silicon pieces, assembled in symmetry to form the crossing of the blades, and precisely aligned with respect to each other. thanks to the integrated alignment means and to auxiliary means such as pins and screws, not shown in the figures.

Ainsi, plus particulièrement, au moins le mécanisme résonateur 100 est fixé sur une lame élastique intermédiaire de suspension 9 fixée à la platine 1 et agencée pour autoriser un déplacement mécanisme résonateur 100 selon la direction de l'axe principal DP, et la platine 1 comporte au moins une butée antichoc 11, 12, au moins selon la direction de l'axe principal DP, et de préférence au moins deux telles butées antichoc 11,12, qui sont agencées pour coopérer avec des éléments rigides de l'élément inertiel 2, par exemple des flasques 21 et 22 rapportés lors de l'assemblage de l'élément inertiel avec le guidage flexible 3 comportant les lames 5.Thus, more particularly, at least the resonator mechanism 100 is fixed to an intermediate elastic suspension strip 9 fixed to the plate 1 and arranged to allow a displacement of the resonator mechanism 100 in the direction of the main axis DP, and the plate 1 comprises at least one anti-shock stop 11, 12, at least in the direction of the main axis DP, and preferably at least two such anti-shock stops 11, 12, which are arranged to cooperate with rigid elements of the inertial element 2, for example flanges 21 and 22 added during the assembly of the inertial element with the flexible guide 3 comprising the blades 5.

La lame élastique de suspension 9, ou un dispositif similaire, permet des déplacements de tout le résonateur 100 sensiblement selon la direction définie par l'axe de rotation virtuel DP du guidage. Le but de ce dispositif est d'éviter que les lames 5 ne se cassent en cas de choc transversal selon la direction DP.The elastic suspension blade 9, or a similar device, allows movement of the entire resonator 100 substantially in the direction defined by the virtual axis of rotation DP of the guide. The purpose of this device is to prevent the blades 5 from breaking in the event of a transverse impact in the direction DP.

La figure 21 illustre la présence de butées antichoc limitant la course de l'élément inertiel 2 selon les trois directions en cas de choc, mais située à une distance suffisante pour que l'élément inertiel ne touche pas les butées sous l'effet de la gravité. Par exemple, le flasque 21 ou 22 comporte un alésage 211 et une face 212, aptes à coopérer respectivement en appui de butée antichoc avec un tourillon 121 et une surface complémentaire 122 au niveau de la butée 21 ou 22.FIG. 21 illustrates the presence of anti-shock stops limiting the travel of the inertial element 2 in the three directions in the event of an impact, but located at a sufficient distance so that the inertial element does not touch the stops under the effect of the shock. gravity. For example, the flange 21 or 22 comprises a bore 211 and a face 212, able to cooperate respectively in support of the shock-proof stop with a journal 121 and a complementary surface 122 at the level of the stop 21 or 22.

Plus particulièrement, l'élément inertiel 2 comporte des masselottes 20 de réglage de la marche et du balourd.More particularly, the inertial element 2 comprises weights 20 for adjusting the rate and the unbalance.

Plus particulièrement, la cheville de plateau 6 est monobloc avec une lame flexible 5, ou plus particulièrement, un tel ensemble monobloc 50 tel qu'illustré sur les figures.More particularly, the platform peg 6 is in one piece with a flexible blade 5, or more particularly, such a one-piece assembly 50 as illustrated in the figures.

Plus particulièrement, l'ancre 7 comporte des surfaces d'appui agencées pour coopérer en appui avec des dents que comporte le mobile d'échappement 4 et pour limiter la course angulaire de l'ancre 7. Ces appuis permettent de limiter la course angulaire de l'ancre, comme le feraient des étoqueaux. La course angulaire de l'ancre 78 peut d'ailleurs être classiquement limitée par des goupilles de limitation 700.More particularly, the anchor 7 comprises bearing surfaces arranged to cooperate in bearing with the teeth that the escape wheel set 4 comprises and to limit the angular travel of the anchor 7. These bearings make it possible to limit the angular travel of anchor, as stars would. The angular travel of the anchor 78 can moreover be conventionally limited by limiting pins 700.

Plus particulièrement le guidage flexible 3 est en silicium oxydé pour compenser les effets de la température sur la marche du mécanisme régulateur 300.More particularly, the flexible guide 3 is made of oxidized silicon to compensate for the effects of temperature on the operation of the regulating mechanism 300.

L'invention concerne encore un mouvement d'horlogerie 500 comportant des moyens moteurs 400, et un tel mécanisme régulateur 300, dont le mécanisme d'échappement 200 est soumis au couple de ces moyens moteurs 400.The invention also relates to a timepiece movement 500 comprising motor means 400, and such a regulator mechanism 300, of which the escape mechanism 200 is subjected to the torque of these motor means 400.

Les graphiques des figures 12 à 14 présentent une série de résultats de simulations dans lesquelles Q=2000, IB=26550 mg.mm2, fréquence de 20Hz, mobile d'échappement comportant 20 dents, plus particulièrement l'angle de levée a de l'ancre est de 14°, et l'angle de levée de résonateur β est de 10°.The graphics of figures 12 to 14 present a series of simulation results in which Q = 2000, I B = 26550 mg.mm 2 , frequency of 20Hz, escape wheel with 20 teeth, more particularly the angle of lift a of the anchor is 14 ° , and the lifting angle of the β resonator is 10 °.

L'invention concerne encore une montre 1000, plus particulièrement une montre mécanique, comportant un tel mouvement 500, et/ou un tel mécanisme régulateur 300.The invention also relates to a watch 1000, more particularly a mechanical watch, comprising such a movement 500, and / or such a regulating mechanism 300.

En somme, la présente invention permet d'augmenter la réserve de marche et/ou la précision des montres mécaniques actuelles. Pour une taille de mouvement donné, on peut quadrupler l'autonomie de la montre et à doubler le pouvoir réglant de la montre. Cela revient à dire que l'invention permet un gain d'un facteur 8 sur les performances du mouvement.In short, the present invention makes it possible to increase the power reserve and / or the precision of current mechanical watches. For a given movement size, we can quadruple the autonomy of the watch and double the regulating power of the watch. This amounts to saying that the invention allows a gain of a factor of 8 on the performance of the movement.

Claims (23)

  1. Timepiece regulating mechanism (300), comprising a main plate (1), and arranged on a main plate (1), a resonator mechanism (100) with a quality factor Q, and an escapement mechanism (200) arranged to be subjected to the torque of drive means (400) comprised in a movement (500), said resonator mechanism (100) comprising an inertia element (2) arranged to oscillate with respect to said plate (1), said inertia element (2) being subjected to the action of elastic return means (3) directly or indirectly attached to said plate (1), and said inertia element (2) being arranged to cooperate indirectly with an escape wheel set (4) comprised in said escapement mechanism (200), in which said resonator mechanism (100) is a resonator with a virtual pivot rotating about a main axis (DP), with a flexure bearing including at least two flexible strips (5), and including an impulse pin (6) integral with said inertia element (2), in which said escapement mechanism (200) includes apallets (7) pivoting about a secondary axis (DS) and including a lever fork (8) arranged to cooperate with said impulse pin (6), and is a detached escapement mechanism, wherein, during the operating cycle, said resonator mechanism (100) has at least one phase of freedom in which said impulse pin (6) is at a distance from said lever fork (8), characterized in that the lift angle (β) of the resonator, during which said impulse pin (6) is in contact with said lever fork (8), is less than 10°.
  2. Regulating mechanism (300) according to claim 1, characterized in that the inertia IB of said inertia element (2) with respect to said main axis (DP) on the one hand, and the inertia IA of said pallets(7) with respect to said secondary axis (DS) on the other hand, are such that the ratio IB/IA is greater than 2.Q.a2/(π.β2/10), where α is the lift angle of the lever which corresponds to the maximum angular travel of said lever fork (8).
  3. Regulating mechanism (300) according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that said overall lift angle (β) of the resonator is less than twice the angle of amplitude by which said inertia element (2) deviates furthest, in only one direction of motion, from a rest position.
  4. Regulating mechanism (300) according to any of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the angle of amplitude, by which said inertia element (2) deviates furthest from a rest position, is comprised between 5° and 40°.
  5. Regulating mechanism (300) according to any of claims 2 to 4, characterized in that, during each vibration, in a contact phase, said impulse pin (6) penetrates said lever fork (8) with a depth of travel (P) greater than 100 micrometres, and in an unlocking phase, said impulse pin (6) remains at a distance from said lever fork (8) with a safety distance (S) greater than 25 micrometres, and in that said impulse pin (6) and said lever fork (8) are dimensioned such that the width (L) of said lever fork (8) is greater than (P+S)/sin(α/2+β/2), said depth of travel (P) and said safety distance (S) being measured radially with respect to said main axis (DP).
  6. Regulating mechanism (300) according to any of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that said pallets (7) are in a single layer of silicon, placed on a metal arbor pivoted with respect to said plate (1).
  7. Regulating mechanism (300) according to any of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that said escape wheel set (4) is a silicon escape wheel.
  8. Regulating mechanism (300) according to any of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that said escape wheel set (4) is an escape wheel which is perforated to minimise its inertia with respect to its axis of pivoting.
  9. Regulating mechanism (300) according to any of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that said pallets (7) are perforated to minimise the inertia (IA) thereof with respect to said secondary axis (DS).
  10. Regulating mechanism (300) according to any of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that said pallets (7) are symmetrical with respect to said secondary axis (DS).
  11. Regulating mechanism (300) according to any of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the largest dimension of said inertia element (2) is greater than half the largest dimension of said plate (1).
  12. Regulating mechanism (300) according to any of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that said main axis (DP), said secondary axis (DS) and the axis of pivoting (DE) of said escape wheel set (4), are arranged to be centred at a right angle whose apex is on said secondary axis (DS).
  13. Regulating mechanism (300) according to any of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that said flexure bearing includes two flexible strips (5) which are crossed in projection onto a plane perpendicular to said main axis (DP), at said virtual pivot defining said main axis (DP), and located in two parallel and distinct levels.
  14. Regulating mechanism (300) according to claim 13, characterized in that said two flexible strips (5), in projection onto a plane perpendicular to said main axis (DP), form therebetween an angle comprised between 59.5° and 69.5°, and intersect at between 10.75% and 14.75% of their length, such that said resonator mechanism (100) has a deliberate isochronism error which is the additive inverse of the loss error at the escapement of said escapement mechanism (200).
  15. Regulating mechanism (300) according to claim 13 or 14, characterized in that said two flexible strips (5) are identical and are positioned in symmetry.
  16. Regulating mechanism (300) according to any of claims 13 to 15, characterized in that each said flexible strip (5) forms part of a one-piece assembly (50) in one piece with means thereof for alignment and attachment to said plate (1) or to an intermediate elastic suspension strip (9) attached to said plate (1) and arranged to allow a displacement of said flexure bearing and of said inertia element (2) in the direction of said main axis (DP).
  17. Regulating mechanism (300) according to any of claims 1 to 16, characterized in that at least said resonator mechanism (100) is attached to an intermediate, elastic suspension strip (9) attached to said plate (1) and arranged to allow a displacement of said resonator mechanism (100) in the direction of said main axis (DP), and in that said plate (1) includes at least one shock absorber stop (11, 12) at least in the direction of said main axis (DP), arranged to cooperate with stiff elements of said inertia element (2).
  18. Regulating mechanism (300) according to any of claims 1 to 17, characterized in that said inertia element (2) includes inertia blocks for adjusting rate and unbalance.
  19. Regulating mechanism (300) according to any of claims 1 to 18, characterized in that said impulse pin (6) is in one-piece with a said flexible strip (5).
  20. Regulating mechanism (300) according to any of claims 1 to 17, characterized in that said pallets (7) include bearing surfaces arranged to cooperate in abutment with teeth comprised in said escape wheel set (4) and to limit the angular travel of said pallets (7).
  21. Regulating mechanism (300) according to any of claims 1 to 20, characterized in that said flexure bearing is made of oxidised silicon to compensate for the effects of temperature on the rate of said regulating mechanism (300).
  22. Timepiece movement (500) including drive means (400) and a regulating mechanism (300) according to any of claims 1 to 21.
  23. Watch (1000) including a movement (500) according to claim 22 and/or a regulating mechanism (300) according to any of claims 1 to 21.
EP17752312.3A 2016-11-23 2017-07-27 Flexibly guided rotary resonator maintained by a free escapement with pallet Active EP3545368B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP16200152.3A EP3327515B1 (en) 2016-11-23 2016-11-23 Flexibly guided rotary resonator maintained by a free escapement with pallet
PCT/EP2017/069037 WO2018095592A1 (en) 2016-11-23 2017-07-27 Rotary resonator with a flexible guide system based on a detached lever escapement

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EP3545368B1 true EP3545368B1 (en) 2020-11-18

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EP16200152.3A Active EP3327515B1 (en) 2016-11-23 2016-11-23 Flexibly guided rotary resonator maintained by a free escapement with pallet
EP17745178.8A Active EP3545363B1 (en) 2016-11-23 2017-07-27 Flexibly guided rotary resonator maintained by a free escapement with pallet
EP17746073.0A Pending EP3545366A2 (en) 2016-11-23 2017-07-27 Rotary resonator with a flexible guide system based on a detached lever escapement
EP17745179.6A Active EP3545364B1 (en) 2016-11-23 2017-07-27 Flexibly guided rotary resonator maintained by a free escapement with pallets
EP17745180.4A Active EP3545365B1 (en) 2016-11-23 2017-07-27 Flexibly guided rotary resonator maintained by a free escapement with pallets
EP17749674.2A Pending EP3545367A2 (en) 2016-11-23 2017-07-27 Flexibly guided rotary resonator maintained by a free escapement with pallet
EP17752312.3A Active EP3545368B1 (en) 2016-11-23 2017-07-27 Flexibly guided rotary resonator maintained by a free escapement with pallet
EP17794727.2A Active EP3545369B1 (en) 2016-11-23 2017-11-07 Flexibly guided rotary resonator maintained by a free escapement with pallet
EP17803933.5A Active EP3545370B1 (en) 2016-11-23 2017-11-22 Rotary resonator with a flexible guide system based on a detached lever escapement

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EP16200152.3A Active EP3327515B1 (en) 2016-11-23 2016-11-23 Flexibly guided rotary resonator maintained by a free escapement with pallet
EP17745178.8A Active EP3545363B1 (en) 2016-11-23 2017-07-27 Flexibly guided rotary resonator maintained by a free escapement with pallet
EP17746073.0A Pending EP3545366A2 (en) 2016-11-23 2017-07-27 Rotary resonator with a flexible guide system based on a detached lever escapement
EP17745179.6A Active EP3545364B1 (en) 2016-11-23 2017-07-27 Flexibly guided rotary resonator maintained by a free escapement with pallets
EP17745180.4A Active EP3545365B1 (en) 2016-11-23 2017-07-27 Flexibly guided rotary resonator maintained by a free escapement with pallets
EP17749674.2A Pending EP3545367A2 (en) 2016-11-23 2017-07-27 Flexibly guided rotary resonator maintained by a free escapement with pallet

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EP17803933.5A Active EP3545370B1 (en) 2016-11-23 2017-11-22 Rotary resonator with a flexible guide system based on a detached lever escapement

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EP (9) EP3327515B1 (en)
JP (6) JP6931394B2 (en)
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WO (8) WO2018095595A1 (en)

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EP3545363A2 (en) 2019-10-02
WO2018103978A4 (en) 2019-01-17
JP6931394B2 (en) 2021-09-01
US20190243308A1 (en) 2019-08-08
CN109983410B (en) 2020-09-29
US20190271945A1 (en) 2019-09-05
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JP6931395B2 (en) 2021-09-01
CN110023845B (en) 2020-10-23
JP2019536021A (en) 2019-12-12
EP3545364A1 (en) 2019-10-02
US20190302695A1 (en) 2019-10-03
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US20200064775A1 (en) 2020-02-27
US11619909B2 (en) 2023-04-04
WO2018103978A3 (en) 2018-11-29
EP3545367A2 (en) 2019-10-02
JP2020501167A (en) 2020-01-16
WO2018095595A1 (en) 2018-05-31
US11487245B2 (en) 2022-11-01
CH713150A2 (en) 2018-05-31
CN110023846A (en) 2019-07-16
EP3545369B1 (en) 2020-11-04
US20190278227A1 (en) 2019-09-12
WO2018103978A2 (en) 2018-06-14
WO2018095997A4 (en) 2018-11-01
US11520289B2 (en) 2022-12-06
JP6828179B2 (en) 2021-02-10
EP3545365B1 (en) 2020-12-16
EP3545368A1 (en) 2019-10-02
EP3327515B1 (en) 2020-05-06
EP3545370A2 (en) 2019-10-02
WO2018095596A2 (en) 2018-05-31
WO2018095596A3 (en) 2018-09-13
WO2018095997A2 (en) 2018-05-31
CN110235064B (en) 2021-03-12
CN110023847A (en) 2019-07-16
WO2018095594A1 (en) 2018-05-31
CN110023847B (en) 2020-12-22
WO2018095596A4 (en) 2018-11-01
WO2018099616A2 (en) 2018-06-07
CN110023846B (en) 2020-11-03
EP3327515A1 (en) 2018-05-30
CN110235064A (en) 2019-09-13
CN110023845A (en) 2019-07-16
WO2018095997A9 (en) 2019-08-15
JP6931392B2 (en) 2021-09-01
JP2019537015A (en) 2019-12-19
CN109983409B (en) 2020-09-15
EP3545366A2 (en) 2019-10-02
CN109983410A (en) 2019-07-05
JP2019536067A (en) 2019-12-12
US11467537B2 (en) 2022-10-11
JP6810800B2 (en) 2021-01-06
WO2018099616A3 (en) 2019-02-21
WO2018095593A3 (en) 2019-02-21
EP3545365A1 (en) 2019-10-02
WO2018095997A3 (en) 2018-08-30
EP3545363B1 (en) 2024-10-23
EP3545364B1 (en) 2020-10-28
US11675312B2 (en) 2023-06-13
EP3545369A2 (en) 2019-10-02
JP2019536034A (en) 2019-12-12
JP2019536038A (en) 2019-12-12
WO2018095592A1 (en) 2018-05-31

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