EP3545364A1 - Rotary resonator with a flexible guide system based on a detached lever escapement - Google Patents

Rotary resonator with a flexible guide system based on a detached lever escapement

Info

Publication number
EP3545364A1
EP3545364A1 EP17745179.6A EP17745179A EP3545364A1 EP 3545364 A1 EP3545364 A1 EP 3545364A1 EP 17745179 A EP17745179 A EP 17745179A EP 3545364 A1 EP3545364 A1 EP 3545364A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
anchor
regulating mechanism
resonator
plate
inertial element
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP17745179.6A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP3545364B1 (en
Inventor
Pascal Winkler
Jean-Luc Helfer
Gianni Di Domenico
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
ETA SA Manufacture Horlogere Suisse
Original Assignee
ETA SA Manufacture Horlogere Suisse
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by ETA SA Manufacture Horlogere Suisse filed Critical ETA SA Manufacture Horlogere Suisse
Publication of EP3545364A1 publication Critical patent/EP3545364A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP3545364B1 publication Critical patent/EP3545364B1/en
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
    • G04B15/00—Escapements
    • G04B15/06—Free escapements
    • G04B15/08—Lever escapements
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
    • G04B15/00—Escapements
    • G04B15/14—Component parts or constructional details, e.g. construction of the lever or the escape wheel
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
    • G04B17/00—Mechanisms for stabilising frequency
    • G04B17/20—Compensation of mechanisms for stabilising frequency
    • G04B17/28—Compensation of mechanisms for stabilising frequency for the effect of imbalance of the weights, e.g. tourbillon
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
    • G04B18/00—Mechanisms for setting frequency
    • G04B18/02—Regulator or adjustment devices; Indexing devices, e.g. raquettes
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
    • G04B31/00—Bearings; Point suspensions or counter-point suspensions; Pivot bearings; Single parts therefor
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
    • G04B17/00—Mechanisms for stabilising frequency
    • G04B17/04—Oscillators acting by spring tension
    • G04B17/045—Oscillators acting by spring tension with oscillating blade springs
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
    • G04B17/00—Mechanisms for stabilising frequency
    • G04B17/20—Compensation of mechanisms for stabilising frequency
    • G04B17/26—Compensation of mechanisms for stabilising frequency for the effect of variations of the impulses

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a timepiece control mechanism, comprising, arranged on a plate, a resonator mechanism of a Q quality factor, and an exhaust mechanism which is subjected to a pair of motor means that comprises a movement, said resonator mechanism comprising an inertial element arranged to oscillate with respect to said plate, said inertial element being subjected to the action of elastic return means fixed directly or indirectly to said plate, and said inertial element being arranged to cooperate with a mobile device; exhaust that includes said exhaust mechanism.
  • the invention also relates to a watch movement comprising motor means, and such a regulating mechanism, the exhaust mechanism is subject to the torque of these motor means.
  • the invention also relates to a watch, more particularly a mechanical watch, comprising such a movement, and / or such a regulating mechanism.
  • the invention relates to the field of clock regulation mechanisms, in particular for watches.
  • a balance-spring oscillates with an amplitude of 300 °, and the angle of emergence is 50 °.
  • the angle of emergence is the angle of the pendulum on which the fork of the anchor interacts with the peg, also called ellipse, of the pendulum.
  • the lifting angle is distributed on either side of the equilibrium balance point (+/- 25 °), and the anchor tilts by +/- 7 °.
  • the Swiss lever escapement is part of the free escapement category because, beyond the half-angle of lift, the resonator no longer touches the anchor. This characteristic is essential to obtain good chronometric properties.
  • a mechanical resonator comprises an inertial element, a guide and an elastic return element.
  • the pendulum constitutes the inertial element
  • the spiral constitutes the elastic return element.
  • the balance is guided in rotation by pivots, which turn in smooth ruby bearings.
  • the associated friction is at the origin of energy losses and disturbances. We try to eliminate these disturbances, which, moreover, depend on the orientation of the watch in the field of gravity.
  • the losses are characterized by the quality factor Q of the resonator. It is generally sought to maximize this quality factor Q, so as to obtain the best possible power reserve. It is understood that guidance is an essential factor of losses.
  • the use of a rotating flexible guide, in place of the pivots and the traditional hairspring, is a solution that maximizes the quality factor Q.
  • the flexible blade resonators as long as they are well designed, have promising chronometric properties, irrespective of the orientation in gravity, and have high quality factors, notably thanks to the absence of pivoting friction.
  • the use of flexible guides makes it possible to eliminate the problems of wear of the pivots.
  • the flexible blades generally used in such flexible rotating guides are stiffer than spirals. This leads to working at a higher frequency, for example of the order of 20 Hz, and at a lower amplitude, for example from 10 ° to 20 °. At first glance, this seems unlikely to be compatible with a Swiss anchor type escapement.
  • An operating amplitude compatible with a rotary flexible guide resonator, in particular blades, is typically 6 ° to 15 °. This results in a certain lift angle value, which must be twice the minimum operating amplitude.
  • the resonator must have an acceptable size, compatible with its housing in a clockwork movement, it is not possible today to achieve a flexible rotary guide of very large diameter, or multiple pairs of levels of blades, which would allow in theory, by putting series of successive flexible guides in series, to obtain an amplitude of oscillation of the inertial element of several tens of degrees: it is therefore advisable to use a flexible guide with one or two levels of blades at most for example as known from EP3035126 in the name of THE SWATCH GROUP RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT Ltd.
  • the effect of the choice of a flexible rotary guide is that the amplitude of the balance is reduced, and that we can no longer use a traditional Swiss lever escapement, which requires a pendulum magnitude significantly greater than half lifting angle, that is to say greater than 25 °.
  • a regulator comprising a flexible guide resonator therefore requires a particular exhaust mechanism, with a different dimensioning than would be a usual Swiss lever escapement designed to operate with the same inertial element of the resonator.
  • the present invention has the overall objective of increasing the power reserve and accuracy of current mechanical watches. To achieve this objective, the invention combines a rotatable flexible guide resonator with an optimized anchor escapement to maintain acceptable dynamic losses and limit the time effect of the release.
  • the invention relates to a regulating mechanism according to claim 1.
  • Such rotary flexible guide resonators have very high quality factors, for example of the order of 3000, to be compared with a quality factor of 200 for a usual watch.
  • the dynamic losses are independent of the quality factor. These losses can therefore become too high, high quality factor, relative level compared to the energy transmitted to the pendulum.
  • a plate anchor integral with the inertial element must penetrate a certain value, called penetration, into the opening of the anchor fork.
  • this plateau pin must then be able, after release of the ankle, to be kept at a certain distance, called safety, the horn of the fork opposite to that on which it was in contact immediately before its release.
  • the invention is further concerned with imposing a particular relationship between the dimensions of the anchor fork, the penetration and safety values, and the values of the lifting angles of the anchor and the inertial element, to ensure that the ankle is properly retracted from the fork, once the half-angle of lift traveled.
  • the invention also relates to a watch movement comprising motor means, and such a regulating mechanism, the exhaust mechanism is subject to the torque of these motor means.
  • the invention also relates to a watch, more particularly a mechanical watch, comprising such a movement, and / or such a regulating mechanism.
  • FIG. 2 is a diagrammatic, partial and perspective view of a watch movement with a platinum carrying a regulating mechanism according to the invention, comprising a flexible guide resonator with two flexible blades arranged on two parallel levels. and crossed in projection, fixed to the plate by means of an elastic element, this resonator comprising a large inertial element, in the form of an omega letter, and whose central part, carried by the two flexible blades, carries a peg arranged to cooperate with a symmetrical anchor, whose pivoting by a metal shaft on the plate is not shown, which cooperates itself with a conventional escape wheel;
  • Figure 3 shows, in plan view, the only regulating mechanism of Figure 2, arranged on the stage of the movement;
  • Figure 4 shows, in plan view, the detail of the regulating mechanism of Figure 2;
  • FIG. 5 shows, in perspective partially exploded, the regulating mechanism of Figure 2;
  • FIG. 6 shows, in plan view, a detail of the zone of cooperation between the plate pin of the inertial element of the resonator, and the fork of the anchor, represented in an abutment position on a limiting pin;
  • Figure 7 shows, in plan view, the anchor of the mechanism of Figure 2, in the form of bovine horns watusi;
  • Figure 8 shows, in plan view, the flexible guide of the mechanism of Figure 2;
  • Figure 9 shows, in plan view, a particular embodiment of a level of the flexible guidance of the mechanism of Figure 2;
  • FIG. 10 represents, in side view, the regulating mechanism of FIG.
  • FIG. 11 represents, in perspective, a detail of the regulating mechanism of FIG. 2, concerning anti-shock abutments at its platen;
  • FIGS. 12 to 14 are graphs comprising on the abscissa the torque applied to the escapement wheel, and in ordinate, respectively the amplitude measured in degrees in FIG. 12, the delay in seconds per day in FIG. 13, and the regulator efficiency in% in Figure 14;
  • FIG. 15 is a block diagram showing a watch comprising a movement with motor means and a regulating mechanism according to the invention;
  • FIGS. 16 to 19 represent, in a plan view, the steps of the kinematics, already symbolized by FIG. 6, at the level of the balance ellipse, the fork of the anchor of FIG. exhaust here constituted by a traditional escape wheel:
  • figure 16 rest of the escape wheel on the entry pallet, free arc of the resonator
  • Figure 19 rest of the escape wheel on the output pallet, free arc of the resonator, and setting safe.
  • the invention combines a rotatable flexible guide resonator to increase power reserve and accuracy, with an optimized anchor escapement to maintain acceptable dynamic losses and limit the timing effect of the release.
  • the invention thus relates to a clocking mechanism 300 comprising, arranged on a plate 1, a resonator mechanism 100 of quality factor Q, and an escape mechanism 200, which is subjected to a pair of motor means 400 that has a movement 500.
  • This resonator mechanism 100 comprising an inertial element 2 which is arranged to oscillate with respect to the plate 1.
  • This inertial element 2 is subjected to the action of elastic return means 3 fixed directly or indirectly to the plate 1.
  • the inertial element 2 is arranged to cooperate indirectly with an escape wheel 4, in particular an escape wheel, which the escape mechanism 200 comprises, and which pivots about an exhaust axis DE.
  • the resonator mechanism 100 is a virtual pivot rotary resonator, around a main axis DP, with a flexible guide comprising at least two flexible blades 5, and comprises a plateau pin 6 integral with the inertial element 2.
  • the escape mechanism 200 comprises an anchor 7, which pivots about a secondary axis DS and comprises an anchor fork 8 arranged to cooperate with the plate pin 6, and is thus an escape mechanism free: in its operating cycle, the resonator mechanism 1 00 has at least one phase of freedom where the plate pin 6 is at a distance from the anchor fork 8.
  • the resonator lifting angle ⁇ , during which the ankle 6 is in contact with the anchor fork 8, is less than 10 °.
  • the analytical model of the system has shown that, if we want to limit the dynamic losses, a particular condition links the inertia of the anchor, the inertia of the inertial element, the quality factor of the resonator, and the angles of lift of the anchor and the inertial element: for a coefficient ⁇ of dynamic losses, the inertia IB of the inertial element 2 with respect to the main axis DP on the one hand, and the inertia of the anchor 7 with respect to the secondary axis DS on the other hand, are such that the ratio IB / IA is greater than 20. ⁇ 2 /( ⁇ . ⁇ . ⁇ 2 ), where a is the lifting angle of the anchor corresponding to the maximum angular travel of the anchor fork 8.
  • the inertia IB of the inertial element 2 with respect to the main axis DP on the one hand, and the inertia of the anchor 7 relative to the secondary axis DS on the other hand are such that the ratio IB / IA is greater than 2Q.a 2 /(0.1 . ⁇ . ⁇ 2 ), where a is the angle of lift of the anchor which corresponds to the maximum angular travel of the anchor fork 8.
  • the resonator lifting angle ⁇ which is an overall angle, taken on either side of the rest position, is less than twice the amplitude angle of which deviates as much as possible. inertial element 2 with respect to a rest position, in one direction of its movement.
  • the angle of amplitude from which the inertial element 2 deviates as much as possible from a rest position is between 5 ° and 40 °. More particularly, during each alternation, in a contact phase, the plate pin 6 enters the anchor fork 8 with a penetration distance P greater than 100 micrometers, and in a disengagement phase the plate pin 6 remains at distance from the anchor fork 8 with a safety distance S greater than 25 micrometers.
  • the fork 8 of the anchor 7 is thus enlarged compared to what would be a conventional Swiss anchor fork, much narrower and allowing less freedom to the ellipse 6, which would not manage to get in and out of the fork of a classic Swiss anchor with such a small angular amplitude.
  • This concept of extended fork makes it possible to operate an anchor escapement even though the amplitude of the resonator is much smaller than in a conventional balance spring, which is particularly advantageous for flexible guide resonators, which have a low amplitude, as in this case. Indeed, it is important that during the operating cycle the balance is completely free at certain times.
  • the plate pin 6 and the anchor fork 8 are advantageously dimensioned so that the width L of the anchor fork 8 is greater than (P + S) / sin (a / 2 + 3/2), the race penetration P and the safety distance S being measured radially with respect to the main axis DP.
  • the useful width L1 of the plate pin 6, visible in FIG. 6, is slightly smaller than the width L of the anchor fork 8, and more particularly less than or equal to 98% of L.
  • This plateau pin 6 is advantageously undercut behind its effective width L1 surface, the peg may in particular have a prismatic shape of triangular section as suggested in the figure, or the like.
  • the eccentricity E2 of the ellipse 6 with respect to the axis of the balance, and the eccentricity E7 of the fork horn 8 with respect to the axis of the anchor 7, are between 40% and 60% of the center distance E between the axis of the anchor 7 and the axis of the balance. More particularly, the eccentricity E2 is between 55% and 60% of the center distance E, and the eccentricity E7 is between 40% and 45% of the center distance E. More particularly, the interference zone between the ellipse 6 and the range 8 extends over 5% to 10% of the center distance E.
  • the invention defines, by construction, a new ankle-fork plot, which has a very particular characteristic, according to which the horns of the fork are further apart, and the ankle is wider, than for a Swiss anchor mechanism. known type with a usual lifting angle of 50 °.
  • FIG. 6 shows that, even with very small pivoting angles, it is possible to tuck the ellipse 6 into the fork 8 with good penetration P, and to leave it with sufficient security S.
  • FIGS. 16 to 19 illustrate the kinematics and show that adequate penetrations P and safety S are available, with this combined design of the ellipse 6 very far from the axis of the balance, and anchor 7 of particular shape and in particular with a wider range.
  • the anchor 7 is made of silicon, which allows a miniaturized and very precise execution, with a density less than one third of that of steel.
  • the fact of having a silicon anchor makes it possible to reduce its inertia with respect to a metal anchor.
  • a low inertia of the anchor relative to the balance is crucial to have a good performance at low amplitude and high frequency, in this case resonators with flexible guides.
  • the pendulum is, for its part, when the range of the watch authorizes it, advantageously made of a metal or heavy alloy, comprising gold, platinum, tungsten, or the like, and may comprise weights of similar constitution . Otherwise the pendulum is conventionally made of CuBe2 alloy copper- beryllium, or the like, and weighted with balancing weights and / or adjusting weights in nickel silver or other alloy.
  • this anchor 7 is on a single level of silicon, attached to a metal shaft, or the like, such as ceramic, or other, pivoted relative to the plate 1.
  • the escapement wheel 4 is a silicon escape wheel.
  • the escape wheel 4 is an escape wheel which is perforated to minimize its inertia with respect to its pivot axis DE.
  • the anchor 7 is perforated to minimize its inertia relative to the secondary axis DS.
  • the anchor 7 is symmetrical with respect to the secondary axis DS, so as to avoid any unbalance, and avoid parasitic couples during linear shocks, especially in translation.
  • An additional advantage is the great ease of assembly of this very small component, which the operator performing the assembly can handle from any side.
  • FIG. 7 shows the two horns 81 and 82 arranged to cooperate with the plate pin 6, the pallets 72 and 73 arranged to cooperate with the teeth of the escape wheel 4, and false horns 80 and false pallets 70 whose only role is a perfect balancing,
  • the largest dimension of the inertial element 2 is greater than half of the largest dimension of the plate 1.
  • the main axis DP, the secondary axis DS and the pivot axis of the escapement wheel 4 are arranged in a right-angle pointing whose apex is on the secondary axis DS.
  • the comparison with the Swiss anchor is to be continued, as regards the means of prevention of the overturn, usually constituted by a dart located on a plane deported from the anchor.
  • This function is important to avoid jamming the pendulum.
  • the pendulum is devoid of small tray and therefore plateau notch provided to cooperate with such a dart.
  • the ellipse is never far from the range.
  • the anti-rollover function is then advantageously fulfilled by the combination of the perimeter 60 in an arc of the ellipse 6, and by the corresponding surface 810, 820, of the anchor horn 81, 82 concerned: this horn plays the role usual dart, and the circumference of the ellipse plays the role of the small plateau.
  • the additional advantage that results is that, as regards its cooperation with the anchor of a single level, the balance can be also, locally, at a single level, which simplifies its manufacture and reduces its cost.
  • the flexible guide comprises two flexible blades crossed in projection on a plane perpendicular to the main axis DP, at the virtual pivot defining the main axis DP, and located in two parallel and distinct levels. More particularly, the two flexible blades 5, projecting on a plane perpendicular to the main axis DP, form between them an angle between 59.5 ° and 69.5 °, and intersect between 10.75% and 14.75% of their length, from in order to provide the resonator mechanism 100 with a voluntary isochronism defect opposite to the escape delay fault of the escape mechanism 200.
  • the resonator thus has an anisochronism curve that compensates for the delay caused by the escape. That is, the free resonator is designed with an isochronism defect opposite the defect caused by the anchor escapement. We thus compensate the exhaust delay by the design of the resonator.
  • each flexible blade 5 belongs to a one-piece assembly 50, in one piece with two solid portions 51, 55, and with its first alignment means 52A, 52B, and attachment 54 on the plate 1, or , advantageously and as can be seen in FIG. 10, of attachment to an intermediate elastic suspension plate 9 fixed to the plate 1 and which is arranged to allow displacement of the flexible guide and the inertial element 2 in the direction of the main axis DP, so as to provide good protection against shocks Z direction perpendicular to the plane of such a one-piece assembly 10, and thus to prevent the rupture of the blades of the flexible guide.
  • This intermediate elastic suspension plate 9 is advantageously made of alloy "Durimphy" or the like.
  • the first alignment means are a first vee 52A and a first plate 52B, and the first attachment means comprise at least a first bore 54.
  • a first veneer blade 53 provides the support on the first fastening means.
  • the one-piece assembly 50 comprises, for its attachment to the inertial element 2, second alignment means which are a second vee 56A and a second plate 56B, and the second fixing means comprise at least one second 58.
  • a second veneer blade 57 bears on the second attachment means.
  • the flexible cross-blade guide 3 advantageously consists of two identical 50-piece monobloc assemblies of silicon, assembled in symmetry to form the crossing of the blades, and precisely aligned with respect to one another by virtue of the integrated alignment means. and auxiliary means such as pins and screws, not shown in the figures.
  • the resonator mechanism 100 is fixed on an intermediate elastic suspension plate 9 fixed to the plate 1 and arranged to allow a movement resonator mechanism 100 in the direction of the main axis DP, and the plate 1 comprises at least one anti-shock abutment 11, 12, at least in the direction of the main axis DP, and preferably at least two such abutments 11 1, 12, which are arranged to cooperate with at least one rigid element of the inertial element 2, for example a flange 21 or 22 reported during assembly of the inertial element with the flexible guide 3 comprising the blades 5.
  • the elastic suspension plate 9, or a similar device allows displacements of the entire resonator 100 substantially in the direction defined by the virtual rotation axis DP of the guide.
  • the purpose of this device is to prevent the blades 5 from breaking in the event of a transverse shock in the DP direction.
  • FIG. 11 illustrates the presence of shock-proof abutments limiting the stroke of the inertial element 2 along the three directions in the event of an impact, but located at a distance sufficient for the inertial element not to touch the stops under the effect of gravity.
  • the flange 21 or 22 has a bore 21 1 and a face 212, able to cooperate respectively abutment abutment bearing with a pin 121 and a complementary surface 122 at the stop 21 or 22.
  • the inertial element 2 comprises weights 20 for adjusting the step and unbalance.
  • the plate pin 6 is integral with a flexible blade 5, or more particularly, such a one-piece assembly 50 as illustrated in the figures.
  • the anchor 7 comprises bearing surfaces arranged to cooperate in abutment with the teeth of the escapement wheel 4 and to limit the angular travel of the anchor 7. These supports make it possible to limit the angular travel of the anchor, as would the stars.
  • the angular travel of the anchor 78 may also be classically limited by limiting pins 700.
  • the flexible guide 3 is made of oxidized silicon to compensate for the effects of temperature on the operation of the regulating mechanism 300.
  • the invention also relates to a watch movement 500 comprising motor means 400, and such a regulator mechanism 300, whose escape mechanism 200 is subjected to the torque of these motor means 400.
  • the invention also relates to a watch 1000, more particularly a mechanical watch, comprising such a movement 500, and / or such a regulating mechanism 300.
  • the present invention makes it possible to increase the power reserve and / or the precision of the current mechanical watches. For a given size of movement, one can quadruple the autonomy of the watch and to double the regulating power of the watch. That is to say that the invention allows a gain of a factor 8 on the performance of the movement.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Micromachines (AREA)
  • Piezo-Electric Or Mechanical Vibrators, Or Delay Or Filter Circuits (AREA)
  • Electromechanical Clocks (AREA)

Abstract

Timepiece regulating member (300) comprising a detached escapement mechanism (200) with a lever (7), and a resonator (100) comprising an inertial element (2) to which is rigidly secured a pin (6) cooperating with a fork (8) of the lever (7), the inertial element (2) being acted upon by elastic return means (3) fastened directly or indirectly to the plate (1) and being arranged to cooperate indirectly with an escapement wheel (4) of the escapement mechanism (200), wherein the resonator mechanism (100) is a rotary resonator with a virtual pivot for pivoting about a main axis (DP) and has a flexible guide system subjected to the elastic return of at least two flexible blades (5), attached to the plate (1) The lever (7) consists of a single silicon layer applied onto an arbor that is pivotably mounted relative to the plate (1).

Description

RÉSONATEUR ROTATIF À GUIDAGE FLEXIBLE ENTRETENU PAR UN ROTARY RESONATOR WITH FLEXIBLE GUIDANCE MAINTAINED BY ONE
ÉCHAPPEMENT LIBRE À ANCRE FREE EXHAUST TO ANCHOR
Domaine de l'invention  Field of the invention
L'invention concerne un mécanisme régulateur d'horlogerie, comportant, agencés sur une platine, un mécanisme résonateur d'un facteur de qualité Q, et un mécanisme d'échappement lequel est soumis à un couple de moyens moteurs que comporte un mouvement, ledit mécanisme résonateur comportant un élément inertiel agencé pour osciller par rapport à ladite platine, ledit élément inertiel étant soumis à l'action de moyens de rappel élastique fixés directement ou indirectement à ladite platine, et ledit élément inertiel étant agencé pour coopérer avec un mobile d'échappement que comporte ledit mécanisme d'échappement.  The invention relates to a timepiece control mechanism, comprising, arranged on a plate, a resonator mechanism of a Q quality factor, and an exhaust mechanism which is subjected to a pair of motor means that comprises a movement, said resonator mechanism comprising an inertial element arranged to oscillate with respect to said plate, said inertial element being subjected to the action of elastic return means fixed directly or indirectly to said plate, and said inertial element being arranged to cooperate with a mobile device; exhaust that includes said exhaust mechanism.
L'invention concerne encore un mouvement d'horlogerie comportant des moyens moteurs, et un tel mécanisme régulateur, dont le mécanisme d'échappement est soumis au couple de ces moyens moteurs.  The invention also relates to a watch movement comprising motor means, and such a regulating mechanism, the exhaust mechanism is subject to the torque of these motor means.
L'invention concerne encore une montre, plus particulièrement une montre mécanique, comportant un tel mouvement, et/ou un tel mécanisme régulateur.  The invention also relates to a watch, more particularly a mechanical watch, comprising such a movement, and / or such a regulating mechanism.
L'invention concerne le domaine des mécanismes de régulation d'horlogerie, en particulier pour des montres.  The invention relates to the field of clock regulation mechanisms, in particular for watches.
Arrière-plan de l'invention Background of the invention
La plupart des montres mécaniques comportent un oscillateur de type balancier-spiral, coopérant avec un échappement à ancre suisse. Le balancier-spiral constitue la base de temps de la montre. On l'appelle ici résonateur. L'échappement, quant à lui, remplit deux fonctions principales, à savoir entretenir les va-et-vient du résonateur, et compter ces va-et-vient. Cet échappement doit être robuste, ne pas perturber le balancier loin de son point d'équilibre, résister aux chocs, éviter de coincer le mouvement (par exemple lors d'un renversement), et constitue donc un composant névralgique du mouvement d'horlogerie.  Most mechanical watches have a balance-type oscillator, cooperating with a Swiss lever escapement. The sprung balance is the time base of the watch. It is called here resonator. The exhaust, meanwhile, performs two main functions, namely to maintain the comings and goings of the resonator, and count these back and forth. This exhaust must be robust, do not disturb the balance far from its equilibrium point, withstand shocks, avoid trapping the movement (for example during a reversal), and is therefore a key component of the watch movement.
Typiquement, un balancier-spiral oscille avec une amplitude de 300°, et l'angle de levée est de 50 °. L'angle de levée est l'angle du balancier sur lequel la fourchette de l'ancre interagit avec la cheville, dite aussi ellipse, du balancier. Dans la plupart des échappements à ancre suisse actuels, l'angle de levée se répartit de part et d'autre du point d'équilibre du balancier (+/- 25°), et l'ancre bascule de +/- 7°. L'échappement à ancre suisse fait partie de la catégorie des échappements libres, car, au-delà du demi-angle de levée, le résonateur ne touche plus l'ancre. Cette caractéristique est essentielle pour obtenir de bonnes propriétés chronométriques. Typically, a balance-spring oscillates with an amplitude of 300 °, and the angle of emergence is 50 °. The angle of emergence is the angle of the pendulum on which the fork of the anchor interacts with the peg, also called ellipse, of the pendulum. In most current Swiss anchor escapements, the lifting angle is distributed on either side of the equilibrium balance point (+/- 25 °), and the anchor tilts by +/- 7 °. The Swiss lever escapement is part of the free escapement category because, beyond the half-angle of lift, the resonator no longer touches the anchor. This characteristic is essential to obtain good chronometric properties.
Un résonateur mécanique comporte un élément inertiel, un guidage et un élément de rappel élastique. Traditionnellement, le balancier constitue l'élément inertiel, et le spiral constitue l'élément de rappel élastique. Le balancier est guidé en rotation par des pivots, qui tournent dans des paliers lisses en rubis. Les frottements associés sont à l'origine de pertes d'énergie et de perturbations de marche. On cherche à supprimer ces perturbations, qui, de plus, dépendent de l'orientation de la montre dans le champ de gravité. Les pertes sont caractérisées par le facteur de qualité Q du résonateur. On cherche généralement à maximiser ce facteur de qualité Q, de façon notamment à obtenir la meilleure réserve de marche possible. On comprend que le guidage constitue un facteur essentiel de pertes.  A mechanical resonator comprises an inertial element, a guide and an elastic return element. Traditionally, the pendulum constitutes the inertial element, and the spiral constitutes the elastic return element. The balance is guided in rotation by pivots, which turn in smooth ruby bearings. The associated friction is at the origin of energy losses and disturbances. We try to eliminate these disturbances, which, moreover, depend on the orientation of the watch in the field of gravity. The losses are characterized by the quality factor Q of the resonator. It is generally sought to maximize this quality factor Q, so as to obtain the best possible power reserve. It is understood that guidance is an essential factor of losses.
L'utilisation d'un guidage flexible rotatif, en lieu et place des pivots et du spiral traditionnel, est une solution qui permet de maximiser le facteur de qualité Q. Les résonateurs à lames flexibles, pour autant qu'ils soient bien conçus, ont des propriétés chronométriques prometteuses, indépendamment de l'orientation dans la gravité, et ont de hauts facteurs de qualité, notamment grâce à l'absence de frottements de pivotement. En outre l'usage de guidages flexibles permet d'éliminer les problèmes d'usure des pivots.  The use of a rotating flexible guide, in place of the pivots and the traditional hairspring, is a solution that maximizes the quality factor Q. The flexible blade resonators, as long as they are well designed, have promising chronometric properties, irrespective of the orientation in gravity, and have high quality factors, notably thanks to the absence of pivoting friction. In addition, the use of flexible guides makes it possible to eliminate the problems of wear of the pivots.
Toutefois, les lames flexibles généralement utilisées dans de tels guidages flexibles rotatifs sont plus rigides que des spiraux. Ceci conduit à travailler à plus haute fréquence, par exemple de l'ordre de 20 Hz, et à plus faible amplitude, par exemple de 10 ° à 20°. Cela semble de prime abord peu compatible avec un échappement de type à ancre suisse.  However, the flexible blades generally used in such flexible rotating guides are stiffer than spirals. This leads to working at a higher frequency, for example of the order of 20 Hz, and at a lower amplitude, for example from 10 ° to 20 °. At first glance, this seems unlikely to be compatible with a Swiss anchor type escapement.
Une amplitude de fonctionnement compatible avec un résonateur à guidage flexible rotatif, notamment à lames, est typiquement de 6° à 15°. Il en résulte une certaine valeur d'angle de levée, lequel doit être le double de l'amplitude minimale de fonctionnement.  An operating amplitude compatible with a rotary flexible guide resonator, in particular blades, is typically 6 ° to 15 °. This results in a certain lift angle value, which must be twice the minimum operating amplitude.
En l'absence de précautions particulières, un échappement à faible angle de levée peut avoir un rendement médiocre, et provoquer un retard trop important. Toutefois, le cumul d'une haute fréquence et d'une faible amplitude autorise des vitesses de passage du balancier qui sont acceptables, sans être trop élevées, et donc le rendement de l'échappement n'est pas automatiquement médiocre. In the absence of special precautions, a low angle of lift exhaust can have a poor performance, and cause too much delay. However, the combination of a high frequency and a low amplitude allows balance wheel speeds that are acceptable, without being too high, and therefore the efficiency of the exhaust is not automatically mediocre.
Le résonateur doit avoir un encombrement acceptable, compatible avec son logement dans un mouvement d'horlogerie, il n'est pas possible à ce jour de réaliser un guidage flexible rotatif de très grand diamètre, ni à plusieurs paires de niveaux de lames, qui permettraient en théorie, par la mise en série de guidages flexibles successifs, d'obtenir une amplitude d'oscillation de l'élément inertiel de plusieurs dizaines de degrés: il convient donc d'utiliser un guidage flexible à un ou deux niveaux de lames au plus, par exemple tel que connu du document EP3035126 au nom de THE SWATCH GROUP RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT Ltd.  The resonator must have an acceptable size, compatible with its housing in a clockwork movement, it is not possible today to achieve a flexible rotary guide of very large diameter, or multiple pairs of levels of blades, which would allow in theory, by putting series of successive flexible guides in series, to obtain an amplitude of oscillation of the inertial element of several tens of degrees: it is therefore advisable to use a flexible guide with one or two levels of blades at most for example as known from EP3035126 in the name of THE SWATCH GROUP RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT Ltd.
En somme, l'effet du choix d'un guidage flexible rotatif est que l'amplitude du balancier est réduite, et que l'on ne peut plus utiliser un échappement à ancre suisse traditionnel, lequel nécessite une amplitude du balancier nettement supérieure au demi-angle de levée, c'est-à-dire supérieure à 25°. Un régulateur comportant un résonateur à guidage flexible nécessite donc un mécanisme d'échappement particulier, avec un dimensionnement différent de ce que serait un échappement à ancre suisse usuel conçu pour fonctionner avec le même élément inertiel du résonateur.  In sum, the effect of the choice of a flexible rotary guide is that the amplitude of the balance is reduced, and that we can no longer use a traditional Swiss lever escapement, which requires a pendulum magnitude significantly greater than half lifting angle, that is to say greater than 25 °. A regulator comprising a flexible guide resonator therefore requires a particular exhaust mechanism, with a different dimensioning than would be a usual Swiss lever escapement designed to operate with the same inertial element of the resonator.
Résumé de l'invention Summary of the invention
La présente invention a pour objectif global d'augmenter la réserve de marche et la précision des montres mécaniques actuelles. Pour atteindre cet objectif, l'invention combine un résonateur à guidage flexible rotatif avec un échappement à ancre optimisé pour conserver des pertes dynamiques acceptables et limiter l'effet chronométrique du dégagement.  The present invention has the overall objective of increasing the power reserve and accuracy of current mechanical watches. To achieve this objective, the invention combines a rotatable flexible guide resonator with an optimized anchor escapement to maintain acceptable dynamic losses and limit the time effect of the release.
Faute d'enseignement dans l'art antérieur pour le dimensionnement, tant du résonateur que du mécanisme d'échappement, des calculs d'un modèle analytique et une campagne de simulations ont permis de mettre en évidence des paramètres du résonateur et de l'échappement, qui sont compatibles avec un rendement et un retard acceptables.  Because of the lack of teaching in the prior art for the design of both the resonator and the escape mechanism, calculations of an analytical model and a simulation campaign have made it possible to highlight parameters of the resonator and the exhaust. , which are compatible with acceptable performance and delay.
Ces calculs et ces simulations démontrent que le rapport entre l'inertie de l'élément inertiel, notamment un balancier, et l'inertie de l'ancre, est déterminant.  These calculations and simulations demonstrate that the relationship between the inertia of the inertial element, in particular a pendulum, and the inertia of the anchor, is decisive.
A cet effet, l'invention concerne un mécanisme régulateur selon la revendication 1 . De tels résonateurs à guidage flexible rotatif ont de très hauts facteurs de qualité, par exemple de l'ordre de 3000, à comparer avec un facteur de qualité de 200 pour une montre usuelle. Or les pertes dynamiques (énergie cinétique du mobile d'échappement et de l'ancre en fin d'impulsion) sont indépendantes du facteur de qualité. Ces pertes peuvent donc devenir trop importantes, à haut facteur de qualité, en niveau relatif par rapport à l'énergie transmise au balancier. For this purpose, the invention relates to a regulating mechanism according to claim 1. Such rotary flexible guide resonators have very high quality factors, for example of the order of 3000, to be compared with a quality factor of 200 for a usual watch. However, the dynamic losses (kinetic energy of the mobile escapement and the anchor at the end of the pulse) are independent of the quality factor. These losses can therefore become too high, high quality factor, relative level compared to the energy transmitted to the pendulum.
Pour un fonctionnement correct du mécanisme, une cheville de plateau solidaire de l'élément inertiel, doit pénétrer d'une certaine valeur, appelée pénétration, dans l'ouverture de la fourchette d'ancre. De façon similaire, pour assurer les sécurités au dégagement, cette cheville de plateau doit pouvoir ensuite, après dégagement de la cheville, être maintenue à une certaine distance, appelée sécurité, de la corne de la fourchette opposée à celle sur laquelle elle était en contact immédiatement avant son dégagement.  For proper operation of the mechanism, a plate anchor integral with the inertial element, must penetrate a certain value, called penetration, into the opening of the anchor fork. Similarly, to ensure the safety clearance, this plateau pin must then be able, after release of the ankle, to be kept at a certain distance, called safety, the horn of the fork opposite to that on which it was in contact immediately before its release.
Aussi, l'invention s'attache encore à imposer une relation particulière entre les dimensions de la fourchette d'ancre, les valeurs de pénétration et de sécurité, et les valeurs des angles de levée de l'ancre et de l'élément inertiel, pour assurer que la cheville s'escamote correctement de la fourchette, une fois le demi-angle de levée parcouru.  Also, the invention is further concerned with imposing a particular relationship between the dimensions of the anchor fork, the penetration and safety values, and the values of the lifting angles of the anchor and the inertial element, to ensure that the ankle is properly retracted from the fork, once the half-angle of lift traveled.
L'invention concerne encore un mouvement d'horlogerie comportant des moyens moteurs, et un tel mécanisme régulateur, dont le mécanisme d'échappement est soumis au couple de ces moyens moteurs.  The invention also relates to a watch movement comprising motor means, and such a regulating mechanism, the exhaust mechanism is subject to the torque of these motor means.
L'invention concerne encore une montre, plus particulièrement une montre mécanique, comportant un tel mouvement, et/ou un tel mécanisme régulateur. Description sommaire des dessins  The invention also relates to a watch, more particularly a mechanical watch, comprising such a movement, and / or such a regulating mechanism. Brief description of the drawings
D'autres caractéristiques et avantages de l'invention apparaîtront à la lecture de la description détaillée qui va suivre, en référence aux dessins annexés, où : la figure 1 comporte un double graphique comportant sur la même abscisse le rapport entre l'inertie de l'élément inertiel du résonateur et l'inertie de l'ancre, et qui, en ordonnée montre, pour un exemple particulier de mécanisme, d'une part au niveau du graphique supérieur en partie positive l'allure du rendement du régulateur en %, et au niveau du graphique inférieur en partie négative l'allure du retard en secondes par jour; ces graphiques supérieur et inférieur sont établis pour une même géométrie d'échappement donnée, avec des valeurs particulières de facteur de qualité, d'angle de levée d'ancre, et d'amplitude de fonctionnement; la figure 2 représente, de façon schématisée, partielle, et en perspective, un mouvement d'horlogerie, avec une platine porteuse d'un mécanisme régulateur selon l'invention, comportant un résonateur à guidage flexible avec deux lames flexibles disposées sur deux niveaux parallèles et croisées en projection, fixées à la platine par l'intermédiaire d'un élément élastique, ce résonateur comportant un élément inertiel de grande étendue, en forme de lettre oméga, et dont la partie centrale, portée par les deux lames flexibles, porte une cheville agencée pour coopérer avec une ancre symétrique, dont le pivotage par un arbre métallique sur la platine n'est pas représenté, qui coopère elle-même avec une roue d'échappement classique; Other features and advantages of the invention will become apparent on reading the detailed description which follows, with reference to the appended drawings, in which: FIG. 1 comprises a double graph comprising on the same abscissa the ratio between the inertia of the Inertial element of the resonator and the inertia of the anchor, and which, on the ordinate shows, for a particular example of mechanism, on the one hand at the level of the upper graph, partly positive, the shape of the efficiency of the regulator in%, and at the lower graph in the negative part the pace of the delay in seconds per day; these upper and lower graphs are established for the same given escape geometry, with particular values of quality factor, anchor lift angle, and operating amplitude; FIG. 2 is a diagrammatic, partial and perspective view of a watch movement with a platinum carrying a regulating mechanism according to the invention, comprising a flexible guide resonator with two flexible blades arranged on two parallel levels. and crossed in projection, fixed to the plate by means of an elastic element, this resonator comprising a large inertial element, in the form of an omega letter, and whose central part, carried by the two flexible blades, carries a peg arranged to cooperate with a symmetrical anchor, whose pivoting by a metal shaft on the plate is not shown, which cooperates itself with a conventional escape wheel;
la figure 3 représente, en vue en plan, le seul mécanisme régulateur de la figure 2, agencé sur la platine du mouvement;  Figure 3 shows, in plan view, the only regulating mechanism of Figure 2, arranged on the stage of the movement;
la figure 4 représente, en vue en plan, le détail du mécanisme régulateur de la figure 2 ;  Figure 4 shows, in plan view, the detail of the regulating mechanism of Figure 2;
- la figure 5 représente, en perspective partiellement éclatée, le mécanisme régulateur de la figure 2 ; - Figure 5 shows, in perspective partially exploded, the regulating mechanism of Figure 2;
la figure 6 représente, en vue en plan, un détail de la zone de coopération entre la cheville de plateau de l'élément inertiel du résonateur, et la fourchette de l'ancre, représentée dans une position de butée sur une goupille de limitation; - la figure 7 représente, en vue en plan, l'ancre du mécanisme de la figure 2, en forme de cornes de bovin watusi ;  FIG. 6 shows, in plan view, a detail of the zone of cooperation between the plate pin of the inertial element of the resonator, and the fork of the anchor, represented in an abutment position on a limiting pin; - Figure 7 shows, in plan view, the anchor of the mechanism of Figure 2, in the form of bovine horns watusi;
la figure 8 représente, en vue en plan, le guidage flexible du mécanisme de la figure 2 ;  Figure 8 shows, in plan view, the flexible guide of the mechanism of Figure 2;
la figure 9 représente, en vue en plan, une exécution particulière d'un niveau du guidage flexible du mécanisme de la figure 2 ;  Figure 9 shows, in plan view, a particular embodiment of a level of the flexible guidance of the mechanism of Figure 2;
la figure 10 représente, en vue de côté, le mécanisme régulateur de la figure FIG. 10 represents, in side view, the regulating mechanism of FIG.
2 ; 2;
la figure 1 1 représente, en perspective, un détail du mécanisme régulateur de la figure 2, concernant des butées anti-choc au niveau de sa platine;  FIG. 11 represents, in perspective, a detail of the regulating mechanism of FIG. 2, concerning anti-shock abutments at its platen;
- les figures 12 à 14 sont des graphiques comportant en abscisse le couple appliqué au mobile d'échappement, et en ordonnée, respectivement l'amplitude mesurée en degrés sur la figure 12, le retard en secondes par jour sur la figure 13, et le rendement du régulateur en % sur la figure 14 ; la figure 15 est un schéma-blocs qui représente une montre comportant un mouvement avec des moyens moteurs et un mécanisme régulateur selon l'invention ; FIGS. 12 to 14 are graphs comprising on the abscissa the torque applied to the escapement wheel, and in ordinate, respectively the amplitude measured in degrees in FIG. 12, the delay in seconds per day in FIG. 13, and the regulator efficiency in% in Figure 14; FIG. 15 is a block diagram showing a watch comprising a movement with motor means and a regulating mechanism according to the invention;
les figures 16 à 19 représentent, en vue en plan, des étapes de la cinématique, déjà symbolisée par la figure 6, au niveau de l'ellipse de balancier, de la fourchette de l'ancre de la figure 7, et du mobile d'échappement ici constitué par une roue d'échappement traditionnelle :  FIGS. 16 to 19 represent, in a plan view, the steps of the kinematics, already symbolized by FIG. 6, at the level of the balance ellipse, the fork of the anchor of FIG. exhaust here constituted by a traditional escape wheel:
figure 16 : repos de la roue d'échappement sur la palette d'entrée, arc libre du résonateur;  figure 16: rest of the escape wheel on the entry pallet, free arc of the resonator;
- figure 17 : dégagement ; - Figure 17: release;
figure 18 : début de l'impulsion ;  figure 18: beginning of the impulse;
figure 19 : repos de la roue d'échappement sur la palette de sortie, arc libre du résonateur, et mise en sécurité.  Figure 19: rest of the escape wheel on the output pallet, free arc of the resonator, and setting safe.
Description détaillée des modes de réalisation préférés Detailed Description of the Preferred Embodiments
L'invention combine un résonateur à guidage flexible rotatif, afin d'augmenter la réserve de marche et la précision, avec un échappement à ancre optimisé pour conserver des pertes dynamiques acceptables et limiter l'effet chronométrique du dégagement.  The invention combines a rotatable flexible guide resonator to increase power reserve and accuracy, with an optimized anchor escapement to maintain acceptable dynamic losses and limit the timing effect of the release.
L'invention concerne ainsi un mécanisme régulateur 300 d'horlogerie, comportant, agencés sur une platine 1 , un mécanisme résonateur 100 de facteur de qualité Q, et un mécanisme d'échappement 200, lequel est soumis à un couple de moyens moteurs 400 que comporte un mouvement 500.  The invention thus relates to a clocking mechanism 300 comprising, arranged on a plate 1, a resonator mechanism 100 of quality factor Q, and an escape mechanism 200, which is subjected to a pair of motor means 400 that has a movement 500.
Ce mécanisme résonateur 100 comportant un élément inertiel 2 qui est agencé pour osciller par rapport à la platine 1 . Cet élément inertiel 2 est soumis à l'action de moyens de rappel élastique 3 fixés directement ou indirectement à la platine 1 . L'élément inertiel 2 est agencé pour coopérer indirectement avec un mobile d'échappement 4, notamment une roue d'échappement, que comporte le mécanisme d'échappement 200, et qui pivote autour d'un axe d'échappement DE.  This resonator mechanism 100 comprising an inertial element 2 which is arranged to oscillate with respect to the plate 1. This inertial element 2 is subjected to the action of elastic return means 3 fixed directly or indirectly to the plate 1. The inertial element 2 is arranged to cooperate indirectly with an escape wheel 4, in particular an escape wheel, which the escape mechanism 200 comprises, and which pivots about an exhaust axis DE.
Selon l'invention, le mécanisme résonateur 100 est un résonateur rotatif à pivot virtuel, autour d'un axe principal DP, à guidage flexible comportant au moins deux lames flexibles 5, et comporte une cheville de plateau 6 solidaire de l'élément inertiel 2. Le mécanisme d'échappement 200 comporte une ancre 7, laquelle pivote autour d'un axe secondaire DS et comporte une fourchette d'ancre 8 agencée pour coopérer avec la cheville de plateau 6, et est ainsi un mécanisme d'échappement libre: dans son cycle de fonctionnement, le mécanisme résonateur 1 00 possède au moins une phase de liberté où la cheville de plateau 6 est à distance de la fourchette d'ancre 8. L'angle de levée de résonateur β, pendant lequel la cheville de plateau 6 est en contact avec la fourchette d'ancre 8, est inférieur à 10 °. According to the invention, the resonator mechanism 100 is a virtual pivot rotary resonator, around a main axis DP, with a flexible guide comprising at least two flexible blades 5, and comprises a plateau pin 6 integral with the inertial element 2. The escape mechanism 200 comprises an anchor 7, which pivots about a secondary axis DS and comprises an anchor fork 8 arranged to cooperate with the plate pin 6, and is thus an escape mechanism free: in its operating cycle, the resonator mechanism 1 00 has at least one phase of freedom where the plate pin 6 is at a distance from the anchor fork 8. The resonator lifting angle β, during which the ankle 6 is in contact with the anchor fork 8, is less than 10 °.
Etant donnée une géométrie d'échappement particulière, et une amplitude de fonctionnement particulière, notamment 8°, les simulations multicorps dynamiques (c'est-à-dire relatives à un ensemble de plusieurs composants dont chacun est affecté d'une masse et d'une distribution d'inertie particulière) permettent d'évaluer le rendement et le retard de ce mécanisme d'échappement en fonction du rapport d'inertie entre l'inertie de l'élément inertiel et l'inertie de l'ancre, ce que des simulations cinématiques usuelles ne permettent pas d'établir. Tel que visible sur la figure 1 , on constate que, dans les conditions de simulations, il y a un seuil de bon rendement, supérieur à 35%, et de faible retard, inférieur à 8 secondes par jour, pour une inertie de l'élément inertiel, notamment d'un balancier, qui est 1 0000 fois plus grande que l'inertie de l'ancre.  Given a particular escape geometry, and a particular operating amplitude, in particular 8 °, dynamic multibody simulations (that is to say relating to a set of several components each of which is assigned a mass and a particular inertia distribution) make it possible to evaluate the efficiency and the delay of this escape mechanism as a function of the ratio of inertia between the inertia of the inertial element and the inertia of the anchor, which usual kinematic simulations do not allow to establish. As can be seen in FIG. 1, it can be seen that, under the simulation conditions, there is a threshold of good efficiency, greater than 35%, and of small delay, less than 8 seconds per day, for an inertia of the inertial element, including a balance, which is 1 0000 times larger than the inertia of the anchor.
Le modèle analytique du système a ainsi montré que, si on veut limiter les pertes dynamiques, une condition particulière lie l'inertie de l'ancre, l'inertie de l'élément inertiel, le facteur de qualité du résonateur, et les angles de levée de l'ancre et de l'élément inertiel : pour un coefficient ε de pertes dynamiques, l'inertie IB de l'élément inertiel 2 par rapport à l'axe principal DP d'une part, et l'inertie de l'ancre 7 par rapport à l'axe secondaire DS d'autre part, sont telles que le rapport IB/IA est supérieur à 20.α2/(ε.ττ.β2), où a est l'angle de levée de l'ancre qui correspond à la course angulaire maximale de la fourchette d'ancre 8. The analytical model of the system has shown that, if we want to limit the dynamic losses, a particular condition links the inertia of the anchor, the inertia of the inertial element, the quality factor of the resonator, and the angles of lift of the anchor and the inertial element: for a coefficient ε of dynamic losses, the inertia IB of the inertial element 2 with respect to the main axis DP on the one hand, and the inertia of the anchor 7 with respect to the secondary axis DS on the other hand, are such that the ratio IB / IA is greater than 20.α 2 /(ε.ττ.β 2 ), where a is the lifting angle of the anchor corresponding to the maximum angular travel of the anchor fork 8.
Plus particulièrement, si on veut limiter les pertes dynamiques à un facteur ε=10%, l'inertie IB de l'élément inertiel 2 par rapport à l'axe principal DP d'une part, et l'inertie de l'ancre 7 par rapport à l'axe secondaire DS d'autre part, sont telles que le rapport I B/IA est supérieur à 2Q.a2/(0.1 .ττ.β2), où a est l'angle de levée de l'ancre qui correspond à la course angulaire maximale de la fourchette d'ancre 8. More particularly, if one wants to limit the dynamic losses to a factor ε = 10%, the inertia IB of the inertial element 2 with respect to the main axis DP on the one hand, and the inertia of the anchor 7 relative to the secondary axis DS on the other hand, are such that the ratio IB / IA is greater than 2Q.a 2 /(0.1 .ττ.β 2 ), where a is the angle of lift of the anchor which corresponds to the maximum angular travel of the anchor fork 8.
Plus particulièrement, l'angle de levée de résonateur β, qui est un angle global, pris de part et d'autre de la position de repos, est inférieur au double de l'angle d'amplitude dont s'écarte au maximum l'élément inertiel 2 par rapport à une position de repos, dans un seul sens de son mouvement.  More particularly, the resonator lifting angle β, which is an overall angle, taken on either side of the rest position, is less than twice the amplitude angle of which deviates as much as possible. inertial element 2 with respect to a rest position, in one direction of its movement.
Plus particulièrement, l'angle d'amplitude, dont s'écarte au maximum l'élément inertiel 2 par rapport à une position de repos, est compris entre 5 ° et 40 °. Plus particulièrement, lors de chaque alternance, dans une phase de contact la cheville de plateau 6 pénètre dans la fourchette d'ancre 8 avec une course de pénétration P supérieure à 100 micromètres, et dans une phase de dégagement la cheville de plateau 6 reste à distance de la fourchette d'ancre 8 avec une distance de sécurité S supérieure à 25 micromètres. More particularly, the angle of amplitude from which the inertial element 2 deviates as much as possible from a rest position is between 5 ° and 40 °. More particularly, during each alternation, in a contact phase, the plate pin 6 enters the anchor fork 8 with a penetration distance P greater than 100 micrometers, and in a disengagement phase the plate pin 6 remains at distance from the anchor fork 8 with a safety distance S greater than 25 micrometers.
La fourchette 8 de l'ancre 7 est ainsi élargie par rapport à ce que serait une fourchette classique d'ancre suisse, beaucoup plus étroite et autorisant moins de liberté à l'ellipse 6, qui n'arriverait pas à rentrer et sortir de la fourchette d'une ancre suisse classique avec une aussi petite amplitude angulaire. Ce concept de fourchette élargie permet de faire fonctionner un échappement à ancre quand bien même l'amplitude du résonateur est beaucoup plus faible que dans un balancier spiral classique, ce qui est particulièrement intéressant pour des résonateurs à guidage flexibles, qui ont une faible amplitude, comme dans le cas d'espèce. En effet, il est important que, pendant le cycle de fonctionnement le balancier soit entièrement libre à certains instants.  The fork 8 of the anchor 7 is thus enlarged compared to what would be a conventional Swiss anchor fork, much narrower and allowing less freedom to the ellipse 6, which would not manage to get in and out of the fork of a classic Swiss anchor with such a small angular amplitude. This concept of extended fork makes it possible to operate an anchor escapement even though the amplitude of the resonator is much smaller than in a conventional balance spring, which is particularly advantageous for flexible guide resonators, which have a low amplitude, as in this case. Indeed, it is important that during the operating cycle the balance is completely free at certain times.
Et la cheville de plateau 6 et la fourchette d'ancre 8 sont avantageusement dimensionnées pour que la largeur L de la fourchette d'ancre 8 soit supérieure à (P+S)/sin(a/2+3/2), la course de pénétration P et la distance de sécurité S étant mesurées radialement par rapport à l'axe principal DP.  And the plate pin 6 and the anchor fork 8 are advantageously dimensioned so that the width L of the anchor fork 8 is greater than (P + S) / sin (a / 2 + 3/2), the race penetration P and the safety distance S being measured radially with respect to the main axis DP.
La largeur utile L1 de la cheville de plateau 6, visible sur la figure 6, est légèrement inférieure à la largeur L de la fourchette d'ancre 8, et, plus particulièrement, inférieure ou égale à 98% de L. Cette cheville de plateau 6 est avantageusement en dépouille derrière sa surface de largeur utile L1 , la cheville peut notamment avoir une forme prismatique de section triangulaire telle que suggérée sur la figure, ou similaire.  The useful width L1 of the plate pin 6, visible in FIG. 6, is slightly smaller than the width L of the anchor fork 8, and more particularly less than or equal to 98% of L. This plateau pin 6 is advantageously undercut behind its effective width L1 surface, the peg may in particular have a prismatic shape of triangular section as suggested in the figure, or the like.
L'observation des figures montre une action complémentaire sur le positionnement de l'ellipse 6, située beaucoup plus loin de l'axe de rotation du balancier 2 que dans un mécanisme d'échappement classique : le rayon supérieur combiné avec un angle de pivotement inférieur permet de maintenir une course curviligne équivalente de l'ellipse 6, ce qui est nécessaire pour lui permettre d'accomplir sa fonction de distribution-comptage. L'utilisation d'un balancier de grand diamètre est donc particulièrement intéressante.  The observation of the figures shows a complementary action on the positioning of the ellipse 6, situated much further from the axis of rotation of the rocker 2 than in a conventional escapement mechanism: the upper radius combined with a lower pivot angle makes it possible to maintain an equivalent curvilinear race of the ellipse 6, which is necessary to enable it to perform its distribution-counting function. The use of a large diameter rocker is therefore particularly interesting.
Plus particulièrement, l'excentration E2 de l'ellipse 6 par rapport à l'axe du balancier, et l'excentration E7 de la corne de fourchette 8 par rapport à l'axe de l'ancre 7, sont comprises entre 40% et 60% de l'entraxe E entre l'axe de l'ancre 7 et l'axe du balancier. Plus particulièrement, l'excentration E2 est comprise entre 55% et 60% de l'entraxe E, et l'excentration E7 est comprise entre 40% et 45% de l'entraxe E. Plus particulièrement, la zone d'interférence entre l'ellipse 6 et la fourchette 8 s'étend sur 5% à 10% de l'entraxe E. More particularly, the eccentricity E2 of the ellipse 6 with respect to the axis of the balance, and the eccentricity E7 of the fork horn 8 with respect to the axis of the anchor 7, are between 40% and 60% of the center distance E between the axis of the anchor 7 and the axis of the balance. More particularly, the eccentricity E2 is between 55% and 60% of the center distance E, and the eccentricity E7 is between 40% and 45% of the center distance E. More particularly, the interference zone between the ellipse 6 and the range 8 extends over 5% to 10% of the center distance E.
Ainsi, l'invention définit, par construction, un nouveau tracé cheville- fourchette, qui présente une caractéristique bien particulière, selon laquelle les cornes de la fourchette sont plus écartées, et la cheville est plus large, que pour un mécanisme à ancre suisse de type connu avec un angle de levée usuel de 50°.  Thus, the invention defines, by construction, a new ankle-fork plot, which has a very particular characteristic, according to which the horns of the fork are further apart, and the ankle is wider, than for a Swiss anchor mechanism. known type with a usual lifting angle of 50 °.
Ainsi, en élargissant sensiblement la fourchette de l'ancre par rapport aux proportions habituelles, on peut encore dimensionner un échappement à ancre suisse avec un très petit angle de levée, par exemple de l'ordre de 10 °.  Thus, by substantially widening the range of the anchor from the usual proportions, it is still possible to size a Swiss lever escapement with a very small lifting angle, for example of the order of 10 °.
La figure 6 montre que, même avec de très petits angles de pivotement, on arrive à rentrer l'ellipse 6 dans la fourchette 8 avec une bonne pénétration P, et l'en sortir avec une sécurité S suffisante.  FIG. 6 shows that, even with very small pivoting angles, it is possible to tuck the ellipse 6 into the fork 8 with good penetration P, and to leave it with sufficient security S.
Les figures 16 à 19 illustrent la cinématique et montrent que l'on dispose de pénétrations P et de sécurités S adéquates, avec cette conception combinée de l'ellipse 6 très lointaine de l'axe du balancier, et d'ancre 7 de forme particulière et notamment à fourchette élargie.  FIGS. 16 to 19 illustrate the kinematics and show that adequate penetrations P and safety S are available, with this combined design of the ellipse 6 very far from the axis of the balance, and anchor 7 of particular shape and in particular with a wider range.
Et on comprend l'intérêt, pour maximiser le rendement du résonateur, de la relation particulière, exposée plus haut et qui lie l'inertie de l'élément inertiel et l'inertie de l'ancre, dans un rapport supérieur à 10000.  And one understands the interest, to maximize the efficiency of the resonator, of the particular relation, exposed above and which links the inertia of the inertial element and the inertia of the anchor, in a report higher than 10000.
Il est alors particulièrement intéressant de disposer d'une ancre à la fois très petite et très légère, et d'un balancier de grades dimensions et de forte masse.  It is therefore particularly interesting to have an anchor at the same time very small and very light, and a balance of grades and dimensions of high mass.
Plus particulièrement, l'ancre 7 est en silicium, qui permet une exécution miniaturisée et très précise, avec une densité inférieure au tiers de celle de l'acier. Le fait d'avoir une ancre en silicium permet de diminuer son inertie par rapport à une ancre métallique. Une faible inertie de l'ancre par rapport au balancier est cruciale pour avoir un rendement correct à faible amplitude et haute fréquence, dans la présent cas des résonateurs à guidages flexibles.  More particularly, the anchor 7 is made of silicon, which allows a miniaturized and very precise execution, with a density less than one third of that of steel. The fact of having a silicon anchor makes it possible to reduce its inertia with respect to a metal anchor. A low inertia of the anchor relative to the balance is crucial to have a good performance at low amplitude and high frequency, in this case resonators with flexible guides.
Le balancier est, quant à lui, quand la gamme de la montre l'autorise, avantageusement réalisé dans un métal ou alliage lourd, comportant de l'or, du platine, du tungstène, ou similaire, et peut comporter des masselottes de constitution analogue. A défaut le balancier est classiquement réalisé en alliage CuBe2 cuivre- béryllium, ou similaire, et lesté de masselottes d'équilibrage et/ou de masselottes de réglage en maillechort ou autre alliage. The pendulum is, for its part, when the range of the watch authorizes it, advantageously made of a metal or heavy alloy, comprising gold, platinum, tungsten, or the like, and may comprise weights of similar constitution . Otherwise the pendulum is conventionally made of CuBe2 alloy copper- beryllium, or the like, and weighted with balancing weights and / or adjusting weights in nickel silver or other alloy.
Plus particulièrement cette ancre 7 est sur un niveau unique de silicium, rapporté sur un arbre métallique, ou similaire, tel que céramique, ou autre, pivoté par rapport à la platine 1 .  More particularly, this anchor 7 is on a single level of silicon, attached to a metal shaft, or the like, such as ceramic, or other, pivoted relative to the plate 1.
Plus particulièrement, le mobile d'échappement 4 est une roue d'échappement en silicium.  More particularly, the escapement wheel 4 is a silicon escape wheel.
Plus particulièrement, le mobile d'échappement 4 est une roue d'échappement qui est ajourée pour minimiser son inertie par rapport à son axe de pivotement DE.  More particularly, the escape wheel 4 is an escape wheel which is perforated to minimize its inertia with respect to its pivot axis DE.
Plus particulièrement, l'ancre 7 est ajourée pour minimiser son inertie par rapport à l'axe secondaire DS.  More particularly, the anchor 7 is perforated to minimize its inertia relative to the secondary axis DS.
De préférence, l'ancre 7 est symétrique par rapport à l'axe secondaire DS, de façon à éviter tout balourd, et éviter les couples parasites lors de chocs linéaires, notamment en translation. Un avantage supplémentaire est alors la grande facilité d'assemblage de ce très petit composant, que l'opérateur effectuant le montage peut manipuler de n'importe quel côté.  Preferably, the anchor 7 is symmetrical with respect to the secondary axis DS, so as to avoid any unbalance, and avoid parasitic couples during linear shocks, especially in translation. An additional advantage is the great ease of assembly of this very small component, which the operator performing the assembly can handle from any side.
La figure 7 montre les deux cornes 81 et 82 agencées pour coopérer avec la cheville de plateau 6, les palettes 72 et 73 agencées pour coopérer avec des dents du mobile d'échappement 4, et des fausses cornes 80 et des fausses palettes 70 dont le seul rôle est un équilibrage parfait,  FIG. 7 shows the two horns 81 and 82 arranged to cooperate with the plate pin 6, the pallets 72 and 73 arranged to cooperate with the teeth of the escape wheel 4, and false horns 80 and false pallets 70 whose only role is a perfect balancing,
Plus particulièrement, la plus grande dimension de l'élément inertiel 2 est plus grande que la moitié de la plus grande dimension de la platine 1 .  More particularly, the largest dimension of the inertial element 2 is greater than half of the largest dimension of the plate 1.
Plus particulièrement, l'axe principal DP, l'axe secondaire DS et l'axe de pivotement du mobile d'échappement 4, sont disposés selon un pointage à angle droit dont le sommet est sur l'axe secondaire DS. On comprend qu'ainsi, en référence à une ancre suisse classique en forme de té avec une baguette et deux bras, on supprime la baguette, qui devient l'un des deux bras 76, visible sur la figure 7, qui porte les cornes 81 et 82 et la palette de sortie 72 presque confondue avec la corne 82, l'autre bras 75 portant la palette d'entrée 73.  More particularly, the main axis DP, the secondary axis DS and the pivot axis of the escapement wheel 4, are arranged in a right-angle pointing whose apex is on the secondary axis DS. It is thus understood that, with reference to a conventional Swiss anchor in the form of a tee with a rod and two arms, the rod is removed, which becomes one of the two arms 76, visible in FIG. 7, which carries the horns 81 and 82 and the output pallet 72 almost coincides with the horn 82, the other arm 75 carrying the entry pallet 73.
La comparaison avec l'ancre suisse est à poursuivre, en ce qui concerne les moyens de prévention du renversement, usuellement constitués par un dard situé sur un plan déporté de l'ancre. Cette fonction est importante pour éviter tout coincement du balancier. De façon particulière, le balancier est dépourvu de petit plateau et donc d'encoche de plateau prévue pour coopérer avec un tel dard. Ici, du fait des faibles angles de pivotement, l'ellipse n'est jamais loin de la fourchette. La fonction anti-renversement est alors avantageusement remplie par la combinaison du pourtour 60 en arc de cercle de l'ellipse 6, et par la surface correspondante 810, 820, de la corne d'ancre 81 , 82 concernée : cette corne joue le rôle usuel d'un dard, et la circonférence de l'ellipse joue le rôle du petit plateau. L'avantage supplémentaire qui en résulte est que, pour ce qui concerne sa coopération avec l'ancre d'un seul niveau, le balancier peut être lui aussi, localement, à un seul niveau, ce qui simplifie sa fabrication et allège son coût. The comparison with the Swiss anchor is to be continued, as regards the means of prevention of the overturn, usually constituted by a dart located on a plane deported from the anchor. This function is important to avoid jamming the pendulum. In a particular way, the pendulum is devoid of small tray and therefore plateau notch provided to cooperate with such a dart. Here, because of the low angles of rotation, the ellipse is never far from the range. The anti-rollover function is then advantageously fulfilled by the combination of the perimeter 60 in an arc of the ellipse 6, and by the corresponding surface 810, 820, of the anchor horn 81, 82 concerned: this horn plays the role usual dart, and the circumference of the ellipse plays the role of the small plateau. The additional advantage that results is that, as regards its cooperation with the anchor of a single level, the balance can be also, locally, at a single level, which simplifies its manufacture and reduces its cost.
La conception d'une ancre à un seul niveau, qui simplifie grandement la fabrication de l'ancre, est possible uniquement parce que le renversement est ainsi empêché par la faible amplitude du résonateur, combinée à l'importante largeur de l'ellipse (largeur environ égale à la fourchette élargie).  The design of a single-level anchor, which greatly simplifies the manufacture of the anchor, is possible only because the overturning is thus prevented by the small amplitude of the resonator, combined with the large width of the ellipse (width approximately equal to the enlarged range).
Plus particulièrement, le guidage flexible comporte deux lames flexibles 5 croisées en projection sur un plan perpendiculaire à l'axe principal DP, au niveau du pivot virtuel définissant l'axe principal DP, et situées dans deux niveaux parallèles et distincts. Plus particulièrement encore, les deux lames flexibles 5, en projection sur un plan perpendiculairement à l'axe principal DP, forment entre elles un angle compris entre 59.5° et 69.5°, et se croisent entre 10.75% et 14.75% de leur longueur, de façon à procurer au mécanisme résonateur 100 un défaut volontaire d'isochronisme opposé au défaut de retard à l'échappement du mécanisme d'échappement 200.  More particularly, the flexible guide comprises two flexible blades crossed in projection on a plane perpendicular to the main axis DP, at the virtual pivot defining the main axis DP, and located in two parallel and distinct levels. More particularly, the two flexible blades 5, projecting on a plane perpendicular to the main axis DP, form between them an angle between 59.5 ° and 69.5 °, and intersect between 10.75% and 14.75% of their length, from in order to provide the resonator mechanism 100 with a voluntary isochronism defect opposite to the escape delay fault of the escape mechanism 200.
Le résonateur présente ainsi une courbe d'anisochronisme qui compense le retard provoqué par l'échappement. C'est-à-dire que le résonateur libre est conçu avec un défaut d'isochronisme opposé au défaut provoqué par l'échappement à ancre. On compense donc le retard à l'échappement par la conception du résonateur.  The resonator thus has an anisochronism curve that compensates for the delay caused by the escape. That is, the free resonator is designed with an isochronism defect opposite the defect caused by the anchor escapement. We thus compensate the exhaust delay by the design of the resonator.
Plus particulièrement les deux lames flexibles 5 sont identiques et sont positionnées en symétrie. Plus particulièrement encore, chaque lame flexible 5 appartient à un ensemble monobloc 50, d'une seule pièce avec deux parties massives 51 , 55, et avec ses premiers moyens d'alignement 52A, 52B, et de fixation 54 sur la platine 1 , ou, avantageusement et tel que visible sur la figure 10, de fixation sur une lame élastique intermédiaire de suspension 9 fixée à la platine 1 et qui est agencée pour autoriser un déplacement du guidage flexible et de l'élément inertiel 2 selon la direction de l'axe principal DP, de façon à assurer une bonne protection contre les chocs de direction Z perpendiculaire au plan d'un tel ensemble monobloc 10, et donc d'éviter la rupture des lames du guidage flexible. Cette lame élastique intermédiaire de suspension 9 est avantageusement réalisée en alliage « Durimphy » ou similaire. More particularly, the two flexible blades 5 are identical and are positioned in symmetry. More particularly, each flexible blade 5 belongs to a one-piece assembly 50, in one piece with two solid portions 51, 55, and with its first alignment means 52A, 52B, and attachment 54 on the plate 1, or , advantageously and as can be seen in FIG. 10, of attachment to an intermediate elastic suspension plate 9 fixed to the plate 1 and which is arranged to allow displacement of the flexible guide and the inertial element 2 in the direction of the main axis DP, so as to provide good protection against shocks Z direction perpendicular to the plane of such a one-piece assembly 10, and thus to prevent the rupture of the blades of the flexible guide. This intermediate elastic suspension plate 9 is advantageously made of alloy "Durimphy" or the like.
Dans la variante non limitative illustrée par les figures, les premiers moyens d'alignement sont un premier vé 52A et un premier plat 52B, et les premiers moyens de fixation comportent au moins un premier alésage 54. Une première lame de placage 53 assure l'appui sur les premiers moyens de fixation. De façon similaire, l'ensemble monobloc 50 comporte, pour sa fixation sur l'élément inertiel 2, des deuxièmes moyens d'alignements qui sont un deuxième vé 56A et un deuxième plat 56B, et les deuxièmes moyens de fixation comportent au moins un deuxième alésage 58. Une deuxième lame de placage 57 assure l'appui sur les deuxièmes moyens de fixation.  In the non-limiting variant illustrated by the figures, the first alignment means are a first vee 52A and a first plate 52B, and the first attachment means comprise at least a first bore 54. A first veneer blade 53 provides the support on the first fastening means. Similarly, the one-piece assembly 50 comprises, for its attachment to the inertial element 2, second alignment means which are a second vee 56A and a second plate 56B, and the second fixing means comprise at least one second 58. A second veneer blade 57 bears on the second attachment means.
Le guidage flexible 3 à lames croisées 5 est avantageusement constitué de deux ensembles monobloc 50 pièces en silicium identiques, assemblés en symétrie pour former le croisement des lames, et alignés précisément l'un par rapport à l'autre grâce aux moyens d'alignement intégrés et à des moyens auxiliaires tels que des goupilles et des vis, non représentés sur les figures.  The flexible cross-blade guide 3 advantageously consists of two identical 50-piece monobloc assemblies of silicon, assembled in symmetry to form the crossing of the blades, and precisely aligned with respect to one another by virtue of the integrated alignment means. and auxiliary means such as pins and screws, not shown in the figures.
Ainsi, plus particulièrement, au moins le mécanisme résonateur 100 est fixé sur une lame élastique intermédiaire de suspension 9 fixée à la platine 1 et agencée pour autoriser un déplacement mécanisme résonateur 100 selon la direction de l'axe principal DP, et la platine 1 comporte au moins une butée antichoc 1 1 , 12, au moins selon la direction de l'axe principal DP, et de préférence au moins deux telles butées antichoc 1 1 ,12, qui sont agencées pour coopérer avec au moins un élément rigide de l'élément inertiel 2, par exemple un flasque 21 ou 22 rapporté lors de l'assemblage de l'élément inertiel avec le guidage flexible 3 comportant les lames 5.  Thus, more particularly, at least the resonator mechanism 100 is fixed on an intermediate elastic suspension plate 9 fixed to the plate 1 and arranged to allow a movement resonator mechanism 100 in the direction of the main axis DP, and the plate 1 comprises at least one anti-shock abutment 11, 12, at least in the direction of the main axis DP, and preferably at least two such abutments 11 1, 12, which are arranged to cooperate with at least one rigid element of the inertial element 2, for example a flange 21 or 22 reported during assembly of the inertial element with the flexible guide 3 comprising the blades 5.
La lame élastique de suspension 9, ou un dispositif similaire, permet des déplacements de tout le résonateur 100 sensiblement selon la direction définie par l'axe de rotation virtuel DP du guidage. Le but de ce dispositif est d'éviter que les lames 5 ne se cassent en cas de choc transversal selon la direction DP.  The elastic suspension plate 9, or a similar device, allows displacements of the entire resonator 100 substantially in the direction defined by the virtual rotation axis DP of the guide. The purpose of this device is to prevent the blades 5 from breaking in the event of a transverse shock in the DP direction.
La figure 1 1 illustre la présence de butées antichoc limitant la course de l'élément inertiel 2 selon les trois directions en cas de choc, mais située à une distance suffisante pour que l'élément inertiel ne touche pas les butées sous l'effet de la gravité. Par exemple, le flasque 21 ou 22 comporte un alésage 21 1 et une face 212, aptes à coopérer respectivement en appui de butée antichoc avec un tourillon 121 et une surface complémentaire 122 au niveau de la butée 21 ou 22. FIG. 11 illustrates the presence of shock-proof abutments limiting the stroke of the inertial element 2 along the three directions in the event of an impact, but located at a distance sufficient for the inertial element not to touch the stops under the effect of gravity. For example, the flange 21 or 22 has a bore 21 1 and a face 212, able to cooperate respectively abutment abutment bearing with a pin 121 and a complementary surface 122 at the stop 21 or 22.
Plus particulièrement, l'élément inertiel 2 comporte des masselottes 20 de réglage de la marche et du balourd.  More particularly, the inertial element 2 comprises weights 20 for adjusting the step and unbalance.
Plus particulièrement, la cheville de plateau 6 est monobloc avec une lame flexible 5, ou plus particulièrement, un tel ensemble monobloc 50 tel qu'illustré sur les figures.  More particularly, the plate pin 6 is integral with a flexible blade 5, or more particularly, such a one-piece assembly 50 as illustrated in the figures.
Plus particulièrement, l'ancre 7 comporte des surfaces d'appui agencées pour coopérer en appui avec des dents que comporte le mobile d'échappement 4 et pour limiter la course angulaire de l'ancre 7. Ces appuis permettent de limiter la course angulaire de l'ancre, comme le feraient des étoqueaux. La course angulaire de l'ancre 78 peut d'ailleurs être classiquement limitée par des goupilles de limitation 700.  More particularly, the anchor 7 comprises bearing surfaces arranged to cooperate in abutment with the teeth of the escapement wheel 4 and to limit the angular travel of the anchor 7. These supports make it possible to limit the angular travel of the anchor, as would the stars. The angular travel of the anchor 78 may also be classically limited by limiting pins 700.
Plus particulièrement le guidage flexible 3 est en silicium oxydé pour compenser les effets de la température sur la marche du mécanisme régulateur 300.  More particularly, the flexible guide 3 is made of oxidized silicon to compensate for the effects of temperature on the operation of the regulating mechanism 300.
L'invention concerne encore un mouvement d'horlogerie 500 comportant des moyens moteurs 400, et un tel mécanisme régulateur 300, dont le mécanisme d'échappement 200 est soumis au couple de ces moyens moteurs 400.  The invention also relates to a watch movement 500 comprising motor means 400, and such a regulator mechanism 300, whose escape mechanism 200 is subjected to the torque of these motor means 400.
Les graphiques des figures 12 à 14 présentent une série de résultats de simulations dans lesquelles Q=2000, I B=26550 mg.mm2, fréquence de 20Hz, mobile d'échappement comportant 20 dents, plus particulièrement l'angle de levée a de l'ancre est de 14°, et l'angle de levée de résonateur β est de 10 °. The graphs of FIGS. 12 to 14 present a series of simulation results in which Q = 2000, IB = 26550 mg · mm 2 , frequency of 20 Hz, exhaust mobile having 20 teeth, more particularly the lifting angle α of Anchor is 14 °, and the resonator lift angle β is 10 °.
L'invention concerne encore une montre 1000, plus particulièrement une montre mécanique, comportant un tel mouvement 500, et/ou un tel mécanisme régulateur 300.  The invention also relates to a watch 1000, more particularly a mechanical watch, comprising such a movement 500, and / or such a regulating mechanism 300.
En somme, la présente invention permet d'augmenter la réserve de marche et/ou la précision des montres mécaniques actuelles. Pour une taille de mouvement donné, on peut quadrupler l'autonomie de la montre et à doubler le pouvoir réglant de la montre. Cela revient à dire que l'invention permet un gain d'un facteur 8 sur les performances du mouvement.  In short, the present invention makes it possible to increase the power reserve and / or the precision of the current mechanical watches. For a given size of movement, one can quadruple the autonomy of the watch and to double the regulating power of the watch. That is to say that the invention allows a gain of a factor 8 on the performance of the movement.

Claims

R E V E N D I C AT I O N S  R E V E N D I C AT IO N S
1 Mécanisme régulateur (300) d'horlogerie, comportant, agencés sur une platine (1 ), un mécanisme résonateur (100) d'un facteur de qualité Q, et un mécanisme d'échappement (200) lequel est soumis à un couple de moyens moteurs (400) que comporte un mouvement (500), ledit mécanisme résonateur (100) comportant un élément inertiel (2) agencé pour osciller par rapport à ladite platine (1 ), ledit élément inertiel (2) étant soumis à l'action de moyens de rappel élastique (3) fixés directement ou indirectement à ladite platine (1 ), et ledit élément inertiel (2) étant agencé pour coopérer indirectement avec un mobile d'échappement (4) que comporte ledit mécanisme d'échappement (200), caractérisé en ce que ledit mécanisme résonateur (100) est un résonateur rotatif à pivot virtuel, autour d'un axe principal (DP), à guidage flexible comportant au moins deux lames flexibles (5), et comportant une cheville de plateau (6) solidaire dudit élément inertiel (2), en ce que ledit mécanisme d'échappement (200) comporte une ancre (7) pivotant autour d'un axe secondaire (DS) et comportant une fourchette d'ancre (8) agencée pour coopérer avec ladite cheville de plateau (6), et est un mécanisme d'échappement libre dans le cycle de fonctionnement duquel ledit mécanisme résonateur (100) possède au moins une phase de liberté où ladite cheville de plateau (6) est à distance de ladite fourchette d'ancre (8) caractérisé en ce que ladite ancre (7) est en un niveau unique de silicium, rapporté sur un arbre pivoté par rapport à ladite platine (1 ).  1 clock mechanism (300), comprising, arranged on a plate (1), a resonator mechanism (100) of a Q quality factor, and an exhaust mechanism (200) which is subjected to a torque of motor means (400) comprising a movement (500), said resonator mechanism (100) comprising an inertial element (2) arranged to oscillate with respect to said plate (1), said inertial element (2) being subjected to the action elastic return means (3) fixed directly or indirectly to said plate (1), and said inertial element (2) being arranged to cooperate indirectly with an escape wheel (4) that includes said exhaust mechanism (200) , characterized in that said resonator mechanism (100) is a rotational resonator with virtual pivot, around a main axis (DP), with flexible guiding comprising at least two flexible blades (5), and comprising a plateau pin (6). ) integral with said inertial element (2), in that said escapement mechanism (200) comprises an anchor (7) pivotable about a secondary axis (DS) and having an anchor fork (8) arranged to cooperate with said plate pin (6), and is a free escape mechanism in the operating cycle of which said resonator mechanism (100) has at least one phase of freedom where said plate pin (6) is at a distance from said anchor fork (8) characterized in that said anchor (7) is in a single level of silicon, mounted on a shaft rotated relative to said platen (1).
2 Mécanisme régulateur (300) selon la revendication 1 , caractérisé en ce que l'angle de levée de résonateur (β), pendant lequel ladite cheville de plateau (6) est en contact avec ladite fourchette d'ancre (8), est inférieur à 10°.  2 regulating mechanism (300) according to claim 1, characterized in that the resonator lifting angle (β), during which said plate pin (6) is in contact with said anchor fork (8), is lower than at 10 °.
3 Mécanisme régulateur (300) selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce que l'inertie I B dudit élément inertiel (2) par rapport audit axe principal (DP) d'une part, et l'inertie de ladite ancre (7) par rapport audit axe secondaire (DS) d'autre part, sont telles que le rapport IB/IA est supérieur à 2Q.a2/(0.1 .ττ.β2), où a est l'angle de levée de l'ancre qui correspond à la course angulaire maximale de ladite fourchette d'ancre (8). 3 regulating mechanism (300) according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the inertia IB of said inertial element (2) relative to said main axis (DP) on the one hand, and the inertia of said anchor (7) relative to said secondary axis (DS), on the other hand, are such that the ratio IB / IA is greater than 2Q.a 2 /(0.1 .ττ.β 2 ), where a is the angle of lift of the anchor which corresponds to the maximum angular travel of said anchor fork (8).
4 Mécanisme régulateur (300) selon l'une des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé en ce que ledit angle global de levée de résonateur (β) est inférieur au double de l'angle d'amplitude dont s'écarte au maximum, dans un seul sens de son mouvement ledit élément inertiel (2) par rapport à une position de repos. 5 Mécanisme régulateur (300) selon l'une des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisé en ce que l'angle d'amplitude, dont s'écarte au maximum ledit élément inertiel (2) par rapport à une position de repos, est compris entre 5° et 40 °. 4 regulating mechanism (300) according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that said overall angle of resonator lift (β) is less than twice the amplitude angle of which deviates to the maximum, in a only one direction of movement of said inertial element (2) with respect to a rest position. 5 regulating mechanism (300) according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the amplitude angle, which deviates at most said inertial element (2) relative to a rest position, is between 5 ° and 40 °.
6 Mécanisme régulateur (300) selon l'une des revendications 1 à 5, caractérisé en ce que, lors de chaque alternance, dans une phase de contact ladite cheville de plateau (6) pénètre dans ladite fourchette d'ancre (8) avec une course de pénétration (P) supérieure à 100 micromètres, et dans une phase de dégagement ladite cheville de plateau (6) reste à distance de ladite fourchette d'ancre (8) avec une distance de sécurité (S) supérieure à 25 micromètres, et en ce que ladite cheville de plateau (6) et ladite fourchette d'ancre (8) sont dimensionnées pour que la largeur (L) de ladite fourchette d'ancre (8) soit supérieure à (P+S)/sin(a/2+3/2), ladite course de pénétration (P) et ladite distance de sécurité (S) étant mesurées radialement par rapport audit axe principal (DP).  6 regulating mechanism (300) according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that, in each alternation, in a contact phase said plate pin (6) enters said anchor fork (8) with a penetration stroke (P) greater than 100 micrometers, and in a disengagement phase said plateau pin (6) remains at a distance from said anchor fork (8) with a safety distance (S) greater than 25 micrometers, and in that said plate pin (6) and said anchor fork (8) are dimensioned so that the width (L) of said anchor fork (8) is greater than (P + S) / sin (a / 2 + 3/2), said penetration stroke (P) and said safety distance (S) being measured radially with respect to said main axis (DP).
7 Mécanisme régulateur (300) selon l'une des revendications 1 à 6, caractérisé en ce que ladite ancre (7) est en un niveau unique de silicium, rapporté sur un arbre pivoté par rapport à ladite platine (1 ).  Regulating mechanism (300) according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that said anchor (7) is in a single level of silicon, mounted on a shaft pivoted relative to said plate (1).
8 Mécanisme régulateur (300) selon l'une des revendications 1 à 7, caractérisé en ce que ledit mobile d'échappement (4) est une roue d'échappement en silicium. 8 regulating mechanism (300) according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that said mobile exhaust (4) is a silicon escapement wheel.
9 Mécanisme régulateur (300) selon l'une des revendications 1 à 8, caractérisé en ce que ledit mobile d'échappement (4) est une roue d'échappement qui est ajourée pour minimiser son inertie par rapport à son axe de pivotement. 9 regulating mechanism (300) according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that said movable exhaust (4) is an escape wheel which is perforated to minimize its inertia relative to its pivot axis.
10 Mécanisme régulateur (300) selon l'une des revendications 1 à 9, caractérisé en ce que ladite ancre (7) est ajourée pour minimiser sa dite inertie ( ) par rapport audit axe secondaire (DS).  Regulating mechanism (300) according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that said anchor (7) is perforated to minimize its said inertia () relative to said secondary axis (DS).
1 1 Mécanisme régulateur (300) selon l'une des revendications 1 à 10, caractérisé en ce que ladite ancre (7) est symétrique par rapport audit axe secondaire (DS). 1 1 regulating mechanism (300) according to one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that said anchor (7) is symmetrical with respect to said secondary axis (DS).
12 Mécanisme régulateur (300) selon l'une des revendications 1 à 1 1 , caractérisé en ce que la plus grande dimension dudit élément inertiel (2) est plus grande que la moitié de la plus grande dimension de ladite platine (1 ).  12 regulating mechanism (300) according to one of claims 1 to 1 1, characterized in that the largest dimension of said inertial element (2) is greater than half of the largest dimension of said plate (1).
13 Mécanisme régulateur (300) selon l'une des revendications 1 à 12, caractérisé en ce que ledit axe principal (DP), ledit axe secondaire (DS) et l'axe de pivotement (DE) dudit mobile d'échappement (4), sont disposés selon un pointage à angle droit dont le sommet est sur ledit axe secondaire (DS). 14 Mécanisme régulateur (300) selon l'une des revendications 1 à 13, caractérisé en ce que ledit guidage flexible comporte deux lames flexibles (5) croisées en projection sur un plan perpendiculaire audit axe principal (DP), au niveau dudit pivot virtuel définissant ledit axe principal (DP), et situées dans deux niveaux parallèles et distincts. 13 regulating mechanism (300) according to one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that said main axis (DP), said secondary axis (DS) and the pivot axis (DE) of said mobile escape (4) , are arranged according to a right-angle pointing whose apex is on said secondary axis (DS). Regulating mechanism (300) according to one of claims 1 to 13, characterized in that said flexible guide comprises two flexible blades (5) crossed in projection on a plane perpendicular to said main axis (DP), at said virtual pivot defining said main axis (DP), and located in two parallel and distinct levels.
15 Mécanisme régulateur (300) selon la revendication 14, caractérisé en ce que lesdites deux lames flexibles (5), en projection sur un plan perpendiculairement audit axe principal (DP), forment entre elles un angle compris entre 59.5° et 69.5°, et se croisent entre 10.75% et 14.75% de leur longueur, de façon à procurer audit mécanisme résonateur (100) un défaut volontaire d'isochronisme opposé au défaut de retard à l'échappement dudit mécanisme d'échappement (200).  Regulating mechanism (300) according to claim 14, characterized in that said two flexible blades (5), in projection on a plane perpendicular to said main axis (DP), form between them an angle of between 59.5 ° and 69.5 °, and intersect between 10.75% and 14.75% of their length, so as to provide said resonator mechanism (100) with a voluntary isochronism defect opposite the exhaust delay fault of said exhaust mechanism (200).
16 Mécanisme régulateur (300) selon la revendication 14 ou 15, caractérisé en ce que lesdites deux lames flexibles (5) sont identiques et sont positionnées en symétrie.  16 Regulator mechanism (300) according to claim 14 or 15, characterized in that said two flexible blades (5) are identical and are positioned in symmetry.
17 Mécanisme régulateur (300) selon l'une des revendications 14 à 16, caractérisé en ce que chaque dite lame flexible (5) appartient à un ensemble monobloc (50) d'une seule pièce avec ses moyens d'alignement et de fixation sur ladite platine (1 ) ou sur une lame élastique intermédiaire de suspension (9) fixée à ladite platine (1 ) et agencée pour autoriser un déplacement dudit guidage flexible et dudit élément inertiel (2) selon la direction dudit axe principal (DP). 17 regulating mechanism (300) according to one of claims 14 to 16, characterized in that each said flexible blade (5) belongs to a one-piece assembly (50) in one piece with its alignment and fixing means on said plate (1) or on an intermediate elastic suspension plate (9) fixed to said plate (1) and arranged to allow a displacement of said flexible guide and said inertial element (2) in the direction of said main axis (DP).
18 Mécanisme régulateur (300) selon l'une des revendications 1 à 17, caractérisé en ce que au moins ledit mécanisme résonateur (100) est fixé sur une lame élastique intermédiaire de suspension (9) fixée à ladite platine (1 ) et agencée pour autoriser un déplacement mécanisme résonateur (100) selon la direction dudit axe principal (DP), et en ce que ladite platine (1 ) comporte au moins une butée antichoc (1 1 , 12) au moins selon la direction dudit axe principal (DP), agencée pour coopérer avec au moins un élément rigide dudit élément inertiel (2).  Regulating mechanism (300) according to one of claims 1 to 17, characterized in that at least said resonator mechanism (100) is fixed on an intermediate elastic suspension plate (9) fixed to said plate (1) and arranged to allow a movement resonator mechanism (100) in the direction of said main axis (DP), and in that said platen (1) comprises at least one anti-shock abutment (1 1, 12) at least in the direction of said main axis (DP) , arranged to cooperate with at least one rigid element of said inertial element (2).
19 Mécanisme régulateur (300) selon l'une des revendications 1 à 18, caractérisé en ce que ledit élément inertiel (2) comporte des masselottes de réglage de la marche et du balourd.  19 Regulator mechanism (300) according to one of claims 1 to 18, characterized in that said inertial element (2) comprises weights for adjusting the step and unbalance.
20 Mécanisme régulateur (300) selon l'une des revendications 1 à 19, caractérisé en ce que ladite cheville de plateau (6) est monobloc avec une dite lame flexible (5). 21 Mécanisme régulateur (300) selon l'une des revendications 1 à 20, caractérisé en ce que ladite ancre (7) comporte des surfaces d'appui agencées pour coopérer en appui avec des dents que comporte ledit mobile d'échappement (4) et pour limiter la course angulaire de ladite ancre (7). Regulating mechanism (300) according to one of claims 1 to 19, characterized in that said plate pin (6) is integral with a said flexible blade (5). 21 regulating mechanism (300) according to one of claims 1 to 20, characterized in that said anchor (7) comprises bearing surfaces arranged to cooperate in abutment with teeth that includes said mobile escape (4) and to limit the angular travel of said anchor (7).
22 Mécanisme régulateur (300) selon l'une des revendications 1 à 21 , caractérisé en ce que ledit guidage flexible est en silicium oxydé pour compenser les effets de la température sur la marche dudit mécanisme régulateur (300). Regulating mechanism (300) according to one of claims 1 to 21, characterized in that said flexible guide is made of oxidized silicon to compensate for the effects of temperature on the operation of said regulator mechanism (300).
23 Mécanisme régulateur (300) selon l'une des revendications 1 à 22, caractérisé en ce que ledit balancier (2) est réalisé dans un alliage lourd, comportant de l'or, et/ou du platine, et/ou du tungstène, et comporte des masselottes de même nature.  Regulating mechanism (300) according to one of claims 1 to 22, characterized in that said rocker (2) is made of a heavy alloy, comprising gold, and / or platinum, and / or tungsten, and includes weights of the same nature.
24 Mouvement d'horlogerie (500) comportant des moyens moteurs (400) et un mécanisme régulateur (300) selon l'une des revendications 1 à 23, dont ledit mécanisme d'échappement (200) est soumis au couple desdits moyens moteurs (400).  Clockwork movement (500) comprising motor means (400) and a regulating mechanism (300) according to one of claims 1 to 23, wherein said exhaust mechanism (200) is subjected to the torque of said motor means (400). ).
25 Montre (1000) comportant un mouvement (500) selon la revendication 24, et/ou un mécanisme régulateur (300) selon l'une des revendications 1 à 23.  A watch (1000) having a movement (500) according to claim 24, and / or a regulating mechanism (300) according to one of claims 1 to 23.
EP17745179.6A 2016-11-23 2017-07-27 Flexibly guided rotary resonator maintained by a free escapement with pallets Active EP3545364B1 (en)

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EP16200152.3A EP3327515B1 (en) 2016-11-23 2016-11-23 Flexibly guided rotary resonator maintained by a free escapement with pallet
PCT/EP2017/069040 WO2018095594A1 (en) 2016-11-23 2017-07-27 Rotary resonator with a flexible guide system based on a detached lever escapement

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EP3545364B1 EP3545364B1 (en) 2020-10-28

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EP16200152.3A Active EP3327515B1 (en) 2016-11-23 2016-11-23 Flexibly guided rotary resonator maintained by a free escapement with pallet
EP17745178.8A Active EP3545363B1 (en) 2016-11-23 2017-07-27 Flexibly guided rotary resonator maintained by a free escapement with pallet
EP17746073.0A Pending EP3545366A2 (en) 2016-11-23 2017-07-27 Rotary resonator with a flexible guide system based on a detached lever escapement
EP17745179.6A Active EP3545364B1 (en) 2016-11-23 2017-07-27 Flexibly guided rotary resonator maintained by a free escapement with pallets
EP17745180.4A Active EP3545365B1 (en) 2016-11-23 2017-07-27 Flexibly guided rotary resonator maintained by a free escapement with pallets
EP17749674.2A Pending EP3545367A2 (en) 2016-11-23 2017-07-27 Flexibly guided rotary resonator maintained by a free escapement with pallet
EP17752312.3A Active EP3545368B1 (en) 2016-11-23 2017-07-27 Flexibly guided rotary resonator maintained by a free escapement with pallet
EP17794727.2A Active EP3545369B1 (en) 2016-11-23 2017-11-07 Flexibly guided rotary resonator maintained by a free escapement with pallet
EP17803933.5A Active EP3545370B1 (en) 2016-11-23 2017-11-22 Rotary resonator with a flexible guide system based on a detached lever escapement

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EP17745178.8A Active EP3545363B1 (en) 2016-11-23 2017-07-27 Flexibly guided rotary resonator maintained by a free escapement with pallet
EP17746073.0A Pending EP3545366A2 (en) 2016-11-23 2017-07-27 Rotary resonator with a flexible guide system based on a detached lever escapement

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EP17749674.2A Pending EP3545367A2 (en) 2016-11-23 2017-07-27 Flexibly guided rotary resonator maintained by a free escapement with pallet
EP17752312.3A Active EP3545368B1 (en) 2016-11-23 2017-07-27 Flexibly guided rotary resonator maintained by a free escapement with pallet
EP17794727.2A Active EP3545369B1 (en) 2016-11-23 2017-11-07 Flexibly guided rotary resonator maintained by a free escapement with pallet
EP17803933.5A Active EP3545370B1 (en) 2016-11-23 2017-11-22 Rotary resonator with a flexible guide system based on a detached lever escapement

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EP (9) EP3327515B1 (en)
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US11493882B2 (en) 2022-11-08
WO2018095593A2 (en) 2018-05-31
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EP3545363A2 (en) 2019-10-02
WO2018103978A4 (en) 2019-01-17
JP6931394B2 (en) 2021-09-01
US20190243308A1 (en) 2019-08-08
CN109983410B (en) 2020-09-29
US20190271945A1 (en) 2019-09-05
EP3545370B1 (en) 2024-10-09
JP6931395B2 (en) 2021-09-01
CN110023845B (en) 2020-10-23
JP2019536021A (en) 2019-12-12
US20190302695A1 (en) 2019-10-03
JP6828180B2 (en) 2021-02-10
EP3545368B1 (en) 2020-11-18
US20200064775A1 (en) 2020-02-27
US11619909B2 (en) 2023-04-04
WO2018103978A3 (en) 2018-11-29
EP3545367A2 (en) 2019-10-02
JP2020501167A (en) 2020-01-16
WO2018095595A1 (en) 2018-05-31
US11487245B2 (en) 2022-11-01
CH713150A2 (en) 2018-05-31
CN110023846A (en) 2019-07-16
EP3545369B1 (en) 2020-11-04
US20190278227A1 (en) 2019-09-12
WO2018103978A2 (en) 2018-06-14
WO2018095997A4 (en) 2018-11-01
US11520289B2 (en) 2022-12-06
JP6828179B2 (en) 2021-02-10
EP3545365B1 (en) 2020-12-16
EP3545368A1 (en) 2019-10-02
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WO2018095596A2 (en) 2018-05-31
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JP2019536038A (en) 2019-12-12
WO2018095592A1 (en) 2018-05-31

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