EP3514479A1 - Multi-purpose projectile - Google Patents

Abstract

A multi-purpose projectile with increased breakdown and fire power has a central penetration core (6,6 ') on which in its front part (6') contains a recess (5) which is filled with a high-performance explosive (5 ') and when entering a target splinter. The projectile is initiated by a pyrotechnic mixture (3) embedded in the tip of his full coat, which generates a flash of light when it hits the target for hit detection. Further charges are a composite material (4) and a rear marker load (14), which serves trajectory tracking.

Description

The present invention relates to a multi-purpose projectile according to the preamble of the claim.

A so-called Incendiary shell is from the US-PS 3,208,385 known, which initiates a frontal set of fire when serving on a hard target. A behind it, hollow projectile body is filled with another set of fire and contains a predetermined breaking point, so that when it penetrates into the target both incendiary acts. This type of ammunition was used from the 60s as a Panzerbrandgeschoss.

Another explosive fire, is from the DE-OS 2 323 798 known, this contains a sub-caliber, central punch core of hard metal, which is encased by a pyrotechnic mass. The puncture core is placed on a caliber equal rear part, which acts as a sabot and is separated in the target via a predetermined breaking point. The penetration core is preceded by an incendiary compound, which also serves as a hit marker.

Analogous explosive fire projectiles were later multipurpose projectiles ( DE -A1-27 27 970 ; US-PS 4,444,112 ; EP-A3-0 531 697 ) called.

All of the projectiles listed above have unsatisfactory breakdown performance and / or the diameter of the breakdown bore achieved represents too great a hydraulic resistance, so that the fire rate does not effectively reach the interior of the target.

It is therefore an object of the invention to provide a multi-purpose projectile that a large penetration both in terms of penetration depth, as well as on the Has breakdown diameter. The obtained hole should have a low flow resistance for the plasmas of the incendiary.

Also, the aerodynamic properties of the projectile should be excellent, in particular, the impact speed in the target must be high. This on the one hand to ensure a safe initiation of the ignition charge, even with soft targets and on the other hand to give the breakdown core the required kinetic impulse. The projectile construction should be inexpensive and precise to produce from a few parts, and also have a good inner ballistics in the projectile barrel. In particular, running-friendly properties are desired. Last but not least, the projectile should also be producible in large series using conventional means and procedures.

This object is solved by the features of claim 1. The piercing core mentioned here is preferably one-piece for reasons of production, but may also be multi-part. In any case, the transition region between the front part and the actual punch-through part is designed as a predetermined breaking point, so that a fragmentation effect arises when penetrating into the target. This allows the penetration part with the full kinetic energy to penetrate even massive plates.

In dependent claims advantageous developments of the subject invention are described.

Favorable are copper-containing solid shell according to claim 2, since these have good sliding properties in the projectile barrel.

Tombak has proven particularly suitable according to claim 3.

The pyro-technical charge stored in the top of the projectile shell causes a flash of light when it hits the target and ignites the following high-performance explosive. As a result, the above-mentioned fragmentation effect is generated. This relatively large pyrotechnic charge is optimal because it ignites easily even with not very hard targets and generates a bright flash of light, which is important for a safe hit tracking.

Upon penetration of the projectile into a target, such a high friction energy is generated, which ignites the peripheral charge, claim 4.

In accordance with claim 5, a highly compressed high-performance explosive can fit accurately in the front part of the puncture core.

The storage of the breakdown core as such, in the solid shell, is mechanically very advantageous, but it results from the exact centric storage and the space between the front and rear contact points remains elastic, which on the one hand reduces friction in the projectile barrel and on the other hand, the launching speed and the kinetic impact energy increased in the target, claim 6.

The intermediate space formed according to claim 6 is filled according to claim 7 by a composite material - another pyrotechnic mixture - which causes an increase in the amount of fire rate without losing the desired elasticity of the full shell.

The subject invention easily allows the rear-side installation of an additional pyrotechnic Markierladung for trajectory tracking, claim 8.

To increase the breakdown power, at least its tip is hardened. But it can also be hardened the whole front part of the puncture core and / or made of a hard material, such as titanium. Likewise, the front part and the actual penetration core may consist of two materials that are fitted accurately; see. Claim 9 and 10.

Starting from one-piece penetrating bullets, the penetration core can also be formed as a point but also as a concave recess, the latter resulting in an additional effect in the manner of a punch, due to its sharp edges - after splitting the front part.

By longitudinal notches in the cavity of the front part of the breakdown core, claim 12, the necessary energy is reduced to splinter effect, which is favorable for relatively soft targets.

As a high-performance explosive in the front part of the breakdown core conventional charges can be used according to the explosives mentioned in claim 13.

An extreme increase in performance can be achieved by the use of energetic nanomaterials, claim 14.

Has proven particularly useful in claim 15 bullet caliber, as this is also fired by light weapons.

Hereinafter, embodiments of the subject invention will be explained with reference to drawings, wherein like reference numerals are used for the same parts.

Fig. 1

ein Mehrzweckgeschoss mit Durchschlagskern und Brandsätzen,

Fig. 2

eine Variante eines Mehrzweckgeschosses mit heckseitiger Markierladung,

Fig. 3

den Durchschlagskern nach Fig. 1 in einer einzelnen Schnittdarstellung,

Fig. 4

eine Variante eines Durchschlagskerns,

Fig. 5

eine weitere Variante zum Durchschlagskern Fig. 1 mit longitudinalen Kerben und

It shows, in a simplified representation:

Fig. 1

a multi-purpose bullet with penetration core and incendiary devices,

Fig. 2

a variant of a multi-purpose projectile with rear-side marking load,

Fig. 3

after the puncture core Fig. 1 in a single sectional view,

Fig. 4

a variant of a breakdown core,

Fig. 5

another variant to the breakdown core Fig. 1 with longitudinal notches and

Fig. 6 a frontal view of the cylindrical recess 6 '"of the puncture core Fig. 5 ,

In FIG. 1 is on a multipurpose projectile whose full coat 1 is designated; This projectile is launched in a usual run (not shown) in the direction of flight F. The solid shell 1 has a flattened tip 2 in order to achieve a reliable ignition of a stored in the projectile tip pyrotechnic mixture 3 at the impact. Subsequent to the pyrotechnic mixture 3 is a breakdown core 6, with its front cylindrical cavity 5 in the form of a bore, which receives a high-performance explosive 5 '. In the explosive 5 'protrudes from the conical bottom an ogive tip 7. The Durchschlagskern 6 is integrally formed and centered inside the Vollmantels front side in the area 8 and the rear side in the area 10 positively. There are sharp transitions in the form of a circumferential edge 9 between the shaft of the puncture core 6 and its front area which acts as a concentric predetermined breaking point 11 on impact of the projectile.

Peripherally to the shaft of the core 6, a composite material 4 is incorporated, which contains in a polymer matrix a metal powder, which also ignites in the target.

Analogous to Fig. 1 is the embodiment after Fig. 2 configured; In addition, it contains in a rear-side bore 13 a Marlderladung 14 (also known as flare), which is initiated by a squib 12 when firing the projectile. - This allows tracing the trajectory to the target. Again, the generated Pyrotechnic Mixture 3 - A flash of light striking the target, ensuring a safe detection of the impact at the target. The front part of the breakdown core 6 penetrates the impact on the target, where the high-performance explosive 5 'detonates and the cylindrical recess 6' separated at the predetermined breaking points and splinters. This creates a kind of pre-drilling, so that the remaining part of the breakdown core 6 with its ogive tip 7 can penetrate the target and at the same time entrains with the impact, with a slight delay also initiated composite material 4 (polymer matrix / metal powder) as an incendiary.

The further composite 4 was layered in the solid shell by injection molding peripherally accurate. Accordingly, it burns down at the target with a further slight time delay, thus increasing the total firing effect on breakdown. This will increase the total burn time and extend the hit mark time.

Alternatively - not shown here - 6 blind holes may be present at the rear part of the puncture core, which allow together with radial holes the pressing of the peripheral composite material 4. This results, by the choice of the pressure curve during the pressing of the composite material 4, the advantage of a precise adjustment of the elasticity (friction in the barrel) of the solid shell. 1

Further embodiments of punch cores are in Fig. 3 to Fig. 6 seen. Fig. 3 shows the penetration core 6 with its front part 6 ', with the conical bottom with a conical tip 7', with a cone angle α of 60 °. The variant after Fig. 4 In place of a pointed cone contains a recess with a concave bottom in the front part 6 ", with a cone angle of 120 °. Fig. 5 contains in addition to the representation after Fig. 3 , twelve longitudinal notches 15 in the front part 6 "', whereby the notches 15 ensure a secure splitting of the front part of the piercing core 6'" even with a soft target. Fig. 6 is a view of the front part 6 "', wherein the notches 15, easily recognizes as predetermined breaking points.

The design of the tips 7, 7 'can be adapted to the main purpose of the projectile: Thus, an ogive tip 7 is favorable to prevent a rebound of the projectile at its oblique incidence on the target. The variants of Examples 3 to 5 are favorable in terms of manufacturing technology. The notches 15, Fig. 5 and Fig. 6 are drawn larger for purposes of illustration; As high notch factors, it is known to satisfy tip indentations of a few tenths of a millimeter, which are easily generated by pushing (broaching).

As pyrotechnic mixture 3 are composites in which a metal powder is embedded in a polymer matrix. Has proven particularly useful as a polymer matrix polyether ketone, as in PCT / EP2016 / 069462 was proposed. This type of composite can be injected in layers into the top of the full jacket 1 - over the rear hole - before the following components are inserted and the bottom is crimped.

As a high performance explosive 5 Penetrit (PETN), Hexogen (RDX), but especially Octastit 8 (after EP-A1-0 068 528 ), which because of its high phlegmatization highly condensed and nevertheless acts timely, which explodes only after the penetration into the target and gives the Durchschlagskern "free course".

Special expectations are placed in the high-energy nano-explosives, the explosive effect of which should amount to several times the previous high-performance explosives. Such nanomaterials are currently being developed and studied; they generally serve as propellants and pyrotechnic components. See: www.isl.eu/en/research/new-energy-materials-and-protection-materials. As well as "Fuels & propellant charge systems": www.ict.fraunhofer.de/en/comp/em/treib.html.

The subject invention is an open construction, i. it can be modified in a variety of ways, combined with different materials and adapted to the intended, specific application, such as. also by means of inserts of metal splinters.

To increase the breakdown power of the cylindrical shaft of the breakdown core 6 may also be designed ogivenförmig.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1

Full coat (multipurpose storey)

2

flattened top

3

Pyrotechnic mixture (charge)

4

Composite material

5

cavity

5 '

High power explosive

6

Impact core, one-piece

6 '

cylindrical front part of 6 (with cone-shaped bottom)

6 "

cylindrical front part of 6 (with concave bottom)

6 ' "

cylindrical front part of 6 with additional notch factors

7

ogive tip to 6 (hardened)

7 '

conical tip at 6 (hardened)

8th

front-side positive connection

9

circumferential sharp edge

10

rear-sided positive connection

11

Predetermined breaking points (concentric)

12

Rear ignition charge

13

drilling

14

Markierladung

15

Notches (longitudinal)

F

flight direction

α

Cone angle of 7 '

β

concave cone angle

Claims (15)

Full-jacketed multi-purpose projectile with a central penetration core with a front recess and at least one pyrotechnic charge mounted in front of the penetration core, the penetration core having a predetermined breaking point which splits on impact at the target, characterized in that the penetration core (6, 6 ') in its Front part has an open cavity (5) which is filled with an explosive charge (5 ') and contains a constriction, such that upon impact with a target a predetermined breaking between the cavity (5) and a sharp edge (9) at the constriction a splintering effect arises. A solid bowl multi-purpose projectile according to claim 1, characterized in that the solid shell (1) consists of copper or a copper-containing alloy or plating. A solid bowl multi-purpose projectile according to claim 2, characterized in that the solid shell (1) and / or its cladding consist of Tombak. Solid shell multi-purpose projectile according to Claim 1, characterized in that the pyrotechnic mixture (3) mounted peripherally on the penetration core (6, 6 ') consists of a polymer matrix, preferably polyether ketones with intercalated metal powder, such as titanium, magnesium, aluminum or zirconium and / or mixtures thereof are. Solid shell multi-purpose projectile according to claim 1, characterized in that in the front part (6 '), in the cavity (5) a high-performance explosive (5') is pressed, injected or eingeldebt. Solid shell multi-purpose projectile according to claim 1, characterized in that the penetration core (6, 6 ') in the solid shell (1) contacts the front side (8) and the rear side (10) in a partially positive manner. A solid bowl multi-purpose projectile according to claim 6, characterized in that the space between the contact points (8, 10) of the penetration core (6, 6 ') and the solid shell (1) is formed by an inflammable polymer mixture and / or by pulverulent flammable metals (4). is filled. A solid shell multi-purpose projectile according to claim 1, characterized in that for trajectory tracking in the rear of the breakdown core (6,6 ') a pyrotechnic Marlderladung (14) is provided, which is initiated at launch from a run by a squib (12). A solid bowl multi-purpose projectile according to claim 1, characterized in that in the rear of the cavity (5) of the front part (6 ') an ogive or conical, hardened tip (7, 7') protrudes. Solid shell multi-purpose projectile according to claim 1, characterized in that the entire front part (6 ') is hardened. A solid bowl multi-purpose projectile according to claim 1, characterized in that in the rear of the cavity (5) of the front part (6 ') a concave, conical recess with a cone angle (β) of 90 ° to 120 ° is provided. A solid bowl multi-purpose projectile according to claim 1, characterized in that in the cavity (5) longitudinal notches (15) are embedded at equal intervals. A solid bowl multi-purpose projectile according to claim 5, characterized in that the high performance explosive (5 ') is penetrate (PETN) or hexogen (RDX) or octastite 8. A solid bowl multi-purpose projectile according to claim 5, characterized in that the high-performance explosive (5 ') is an energetic nanomaterial. Solid bowl multi-purpose projectile according to claim 1, characterized in that it has a caliber of 12.7 mm.

Images