EP3312546A1 - Multi-purpose projectile - Google Patents

Multi-purpose projectile Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3312546A1
EP3312546A1 EP16405018.9A EP16405018A EP3312546A1 EP 3312546 A1 EP3312546 A1 EP 3312546A1 EP 16405018 A EP16405018 A EP 16405018A EP 3312546 A1 EP3312546 A1 EP 3312546A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
projectile according
purpose projectile
solid
core
front part
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Granted
Application number
EP16405018.9A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP3312546B1 (en
Inventor
Michael MUSTER
Markus Bucher
Markus GFELLER
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RUAG Ammotec AG
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RUAG Ammotec AG
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Publication date
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Priority to HUE16405018 priority Critical patent/HUE044204T2/en
Priority to EP19154258.8A priority patent/EP3514479B1/en
Priority to SI201630240T priority patent/SI3312546T1/en
Priority to EP16405018.9A priority patent/EP3312546B1/en
Publication of EP3312546A1 publication Critical patent/EP3312546A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP3312546B1 publication Critical patent/EP3312546B1/en
Priority to HRP20190745TT priority patent/HRP20190745T1/en
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
    • F42B12/00—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material
    • F42B12/02—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect
    • F42B12/04—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect of armour-piercing type
    • F42B12/06—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect of armour-piercing type with hard or heavy core; Kinetic energy penetrators
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
    • F42B12/00—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material
    • F42B12/02—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect
    • F42B12/20—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect of high-explosive type
    • F42B12/207—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect of high-explosive type characterised by the explosive material or the construction of the high explosive warhead, e.g. insensitive ammunition
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
    • F42B12/00—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material
    • F42B12/02—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect
    • F42B12/20—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect of high-explosive type
    • F42B12/208—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect of high-explosive type characterised by a plurality of charges within a single high explosive warhead
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
    • F42B12/00—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material
    • F42B12/02—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect
    • F42B12/36—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect for dispensing materials; for producing chemical or physical reaction; for signalling ; for transmitting information
    • F42B12/44—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect for dispensing materials; for producing chemical or physical reaction; for signalling ; for transmitting information of incendiary type

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a multi-purpose projectile according to the preamble of the claim.
  • Incendiary shell is from the U.S. Patent 3,208,385 which initiates a font-based set of fire when serving on a hard target.
  • a behind it, hollow projectile body is filled with another set of fire and contains a predetermined breaking point, so that when it penetrates into the target both incendiary acts.
  • This type of ammunition was used from the 60s as a Panzerbrandgeunter.
  • Another explosive fire is from the DE-OS-2 323 798 known, this contains a sub-caliber, central core made of carbide, which is surrounded by a pyrotechnic mass.
  • the puncture core is placed on a caliber equal rear part, which acts as a sabot and is separated in the target via a predetermined breaking point.
  • the penetration core is preceded by a fire rate, which also serves as a hit mark.
  • Analogous explosive fire projectiles were later multipurpose projectiles ( DE-A1 27 27 970 ; U.S. Patent 4,444,112 ; EP-A3-0 531 697 ) called.
  • the obtained hole should have a low flow resistance for the plasmas of the incendiary.
  • the aerodynamic properties of the projectile should be excellent, in particular, the impact speed in the target must be high. This on the one hand to ensure a safe initiation of the ignition charge, even with soft targets and on the other hand to give the breakdown core the required kinetic impulse.
  • the projectile construction should be inexpensive and precise to produce from a few parts, and also have a good inner ballistics in the projectile barrel. In particular, running-friendly properties are desired. Last but not least, the projectile should also be producible in large series using conventional means and procedures.
  • the piercing core mentioned here is preferably one-piece for reasons of production, but may also be multi-part.
  • the transition region between the front part and the actual punch-through part is designed as a predetermined breaking point, so that a fragmentation effect arises when penetrating into the target. This allows the penetration part with the full kinetic energy to penetrate even massive plates.
  • the pyrotechnic charge stored in the top of the projectile shell causes a flash of light when it hits the target and ignites the following high-performance explosive. As a result, the above-mentioned fragmentation effect is generated.
  • This relatively large pyrotechnic charge is optimal because it ignites easily even with not very hard targets and generates a bright flash of light, which is important for a safe hit tracking.
  • a highly compressed high-performance explosive can fit accurately in the front part of the penetration core.
  • the storage of the breakdown core as such, in the solid shell, is mechanically very advantageous, but it results from the exact centric storage and the space between the front and rear contact points remains elastic, which on the one hand reduces friction in the projectile barrel and on the other hand, the launching speed and the kinetic impact energy increased in the target, claim 6.
  • the gap formed according to claim 6 is according to claim 7 by a composite material - another pyrotechnic Mixture - filled, which causes an increase in the amount of fire rate without losing the desired elasticity of the Vollmantels.
  • the subject invention easily allows the rear-side installation of an additional pyrotechnic Markierladung for trajectory tracking, claim 8.
  • At least its tip is hardened. But it can also be hardened the whole front part of the puncture core and / or made of a hard material, such as titanium. Likewise, the front part and the actual penetration core may consist of two materials that are fitted accurately; see. Claim 9 and 10.
  • the penetration core can also be formed as a point but also as a concave recess, the latter resulting in an additional effect in the manner of a punch, due to its sharp edges - after splitting the front part.
  • FIG. 1 is on a multipurpose projectile whose full coat 1 is designated; This projectile is launched in a usual run (not shown) in the direction of flight F.
  • the solid shell 1 has a flattened tip 2 in order to achieve a reliable ignition of a stored in the projectile tip pyrotechnic mixture 3 at the impact.
  • a breakdown core 6 with its front cylindrical cavity 5 in the form of a bore, which receives a high-performance explosive 5 '.
  • the naturalschlagskern 6 is integrally formed and centered inside the Vollmantels front side in the area 8 and the rear side in the area 10 positively.
  • a composite material 4 is incorporated, which contains in a polymer matrix a metal powder, which also ignites in the target.
  • Fig. 1 Analogous to Fig. 1 is the embodiment after Fig. 2 configured; In addition, it contains in a rear-side bore 13 a marking charge 14 (also called flare), which is initiated by a squib 12 when firing the projectile. - This allows tracing the trajectory to the target.
  • the pyrotechnic mixture 3 generates a flash of light upon impact with the target, which ensures reliable detection of the impact in the target.
  • the front part of the breakdown core 6 penetrates the impact on the target, where the high-performance explosive 5 'detonates and the cylindrical recess 6' separated at the predetermined breaking points and splinters.
  • the further composite 4 was layered in the solid shell by injection molding peripherally accurate. Accordingly, it burns down at the target with a further slight time delay, thus increasing the total firing effect on breakdown. This will increase the total burn time and extend the hit mark time.
  • blind holes may be present at the rear part of the puncture core, which allow together with radial holes the pressing of the peripheral composite material 4. This results, by the choice of the pressure curve during the pressing of the composite material 4, the advantage of a precise adjustment of the elasticity (friction in the barrel) of the solid shell. 1
  • FIG. 3 shows the penetration core 6 with its front part 6 ', with the conical bottom with a conical tip 7', with a cone angle ⁇ of 60 °.
  • the variant after Fig. 4 In place of a pointed cone contains a recess with a concave bottom in the front part 6 ", with a cone angle of 120 °.
  • Fig. 5 contains in addition to the representation after Fig. 3 , twelve longitudinal notches 15 in the front part 6 "', whereby the notches 15 secure a secure splitting of the front part of the puncture core 6"' even with a soft target.
  • Fig. 6 is a view of the front part 6 "', wherein the notches 15, easily recognizes as predetermined breaking points.
  • an ogive tip 7 is favorable to prevent a rebound of the projectile at its oblique incidence on the target.
  • the variants of Examples 3 to 5 are favorable in terms of manufacturing technology.
  • the notches 15, Fig. 5 and Fig. 6 are drawn larger for purposes of illustration; As high notch factors, it is known to satisfy tip indentations of a few tenths of a millimeter, which can easily be produced by poking (broaching).
  • pyrotechnic mixture 3 are composites in which a metal powder is embedded in a polymer matrix.
  • a metal powder is embedded in a polymer matrix.
  • This type of composite can be injected in layers into the top of the full jacket 1 - over the rear hole - before the following components are inserted and the bottom is crimped.
  • the subject invention is an open construction, i. it can be modified in a variety of ways, combined with different materials and adapted to the intended, specific application, such as. also by means of inserts of metal splinters.
  • To increase the breakdown power of the cylindrical shaft of the breakdown core 6 may also be designed ogivenförmig.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Aiming, Guidance, Guns With A Light Source, Armor, Camouflage, And Targets (AREA)
  • Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)
  • Toys (AREA)

Abstract

Ein Mehrzweckgeschoss mit erhöhter Durchschlags- und Brandleistung weist einen zentralen Durchschlagskern (6,6'), auf der in seinem Fronteil (6') eine Ausnehmung (5) enthält die mit einem Hochleistungssprengstoff (5') gefüllt ist und beim Eindringen in ein Ziel splittert. Initiiert wird das Geschoss durch ein in der Spitze seines Vollmantels eingelagerter Pyrotechnische Mischung (3), der beim Auftreffen am Ziel zur Treffererkennung einen Lichtblitz erzeugt. Weitere Ladungen sind ein Verbundwerkstoff (4) und eine heckseitige Markierladung (14), welche der Flugbahnverfolgung dient.A multi-purpose projectile with increased breakdown and fire power has a central piercing core (6,6 ') on which in its front part (6') contains a recess (5) which is filled with a high-performance explosive (5 ') and penetrates into a target splinter. The projectile is initiated by a pyrotechnic mixture (3) embedded in the tip of his full coat, which generates a flash of light when it hits the target for hit detection. Further charges are a composite material (4) and a rear marker load (14), which serves trajectory tracking.

Description

Die vorliegende Erfindung bezieht sich auf ein Mehrzweckgeschoss nach dem Oberbegriff des Patentanspruchs.The present invention relates to a multi-purpose projectile according to the preamble of the claim.

Ein sogenanntes Sprengbrandgeschoss (engl. Incendiary shell) ist aus der US-PS 3 208 385 bekannt, welches beim Aufschlag auf ein hartes Ziel einen fontseitigen Brandsatz initiiert. Ein dahinter befindlicher, hohler Geschosskörper ist mit einem weiteren Brandsatz gefüllt und enthält eine Sollbruchstelle, so dass bei dessen Eindringen ins Ziel beide Brandsätze wirken. Diese Art Munition wurde ab den 60er Jahren als Panzerbrandgeschoss eingesetzt.A so-called Incendiary shell is from the U.S. Patent 3,208,385 which initiates a font-based set of fire when serving on a hard target. A behind it, hollow projectile body is filled with another set of fire and contains a predetermined breaking point, so that when it penetrates into the target both incendiary acts. This type of ammunition was used from the 60s as a Panzerbrandgeschoss.

Ein weiteres Sprengbrandgeschoss, ist aus der DE -OS-2 323 798 bekannt, dieses enthält einen unterkalibrigen, zentralen Durchlagskern aus Hartmetall, welcher von einer pyrotechnischen Masse ummantelt ist. Der Durchschlagskern ist auf einem kalibergleichen Heckteil aufgesetzt, das als Treibspiegel wirkt und im Ziel über eine Sollbruchstelle abgetrennt wird. Dem Durchlagskern ist ein Brandsatz vorgelagert, der gleichzeitig als Treffermarkierung dient.Another explosive fire, is from the DE-OS-2 323 798 known, this contains a sub-caliber, central core made of carbide, which is surrounded by a pyrotechnic mass. The puncture core is placed on a caliber equal rear part, which acts as a sabot and is separated in the target via a predetermined breaking point. The penetration core is preceded by a fire rate, which also serves as a hit mark.

Analog wirkende Sprengbrandgeschosse wurden später Mehrzweckgeschosse ( DE -A1- 27 27 970 ; US-PS 4 444 112 ; EP -A3-0 531 697 ) genannt.Analogous explosive fire projectiles were later multipurpose projectiles ( DE-A1 27 27 970 ; U.S. Patent 4,444,112 ; EP-A3-0 531 697 ) called.

Alle oben aufgeführten Geschosse haben eine unbefriedigende Durchschlagsleistung und/oder der erzielte Durchmesser der Durchschlagsbohrung stellt einen zu grossen hydraulischen Widerstand dar, so dass der Brandsatz den Innenbereich des Ziels nicht wirksam erreicht.All of the projectiles listed above have unsatisfactory breakdown performance and / or the diameter of the breakdown bore achieved represents too great a hydraulic resistance, so that the fire rate does not effectively reach the interior of the target.

Es ist daher Aufgabe der Erfindung ein Mehrzweckgeschoss zu schaffen, dass eine grosse Durchschlagsleistung sowohl in Bezug auf die Durchschlagstiefe, als auch auf den Durchschlagsdurchmesser aufweist. Die erzielte Bohrung soll für die Plasmen der Brandsätze einen nur geringen Strömungswiderstand haben.It is therefore an object of the invention to provide a multi-purpose projectile that has a high penetration both in terms of penetration depth, as well as on the breakdown diameter. The obtained hole should have a low flow resistance for the plasmas of the incendiary.

Ebenfalls sollen die aerodynamischen Eigenschaften des Geschosses hervorragend sein, insbesondere muss die Auftreffgeschwindigkeit im Ziel hoch sein. Dies um einerseits eine sichere Initiierung des Anzündsatzes, auch bei weichen Zielen zu gewährleisten und anderseits dem Durchschlagskern den erforderlichen kinetischen Impuls zu verleihen. Die Geschosskonstruktion soll kostengünstig und präzise aus wenigen Teilen herstellbar sein, und auch eine gute Innenballistik im Geschosslauf aufweisen. Insbesondere sind laufschonende Eigenschaften gewünscht. Nicht zu Letzt soll das Geschoss auch mit konventionellen Mitteln und Verfahren in grossen Serien produzierbar sein.Also, the aerodynamic properties of the projectile should be excellent, in particular, the impact speed in the target must be high. This on the one hand to ensure a safe initiation of the ignition charge, even with soft targets and on the other hand to give the breakdown core the required kinetic impulse. The projectile construction should be inexpensive and precise to produce from a few parts, and also have a good inner ballistics in the projectile barrel. In particular, running-friendly properties are desired. Last but not least, the projectile should also be producible in large series using conventional means and procedures.

Diese Aufgabe ist durch die Merkmale des Patentanspruch 1 gelöst. Der hier genannte Durchschlagskern ist aus Fertigungsgründen vorzugsweise einstückig, kann aber auch mehrteilig sein. In jedem Fall ist der Übergangsbereich zwischen dem Frontteil und dem eigentlichen Durchschlagsteil als Sollbruchstelle ausgebildet, so dass beim Eindringen in das Ziel eine Splitterwirkung entsteht. Dies erlaubt dem Durchschlagsteil mit der vollen kinetischen Energie auch massive Platten zu durchdringen.This object is solved by the features of claim 1. The piercing core mentioned here is preferably one-piece for reasons of production, but may also be multi-part. In any case, the transition region between the front part and the actual punch-through part is designed as a predetermined breaking point, so that a fragmentation effect arises when penetrating into the target. This allows the penetration part with the full kinetic energy to penetrate even massive plates.

In abhängigen Ansprüchen sind vorteilhafte Weiterbildungen des Erfindungsgegenstands beschrieben.In dependent claims advantageous developments of the subject invention are described.

Günstig sind kupferhaltige Vollmantel gemäss Anspruch 2, da diese im Geschosslauf gute Gleiteigenschaften aufweisen.Favorable are copper-containing solid shell according to claim 2, since these have good sliding properties in the projectile.

Besonders bewährt hat sich Tombak nach Anspruch 3.Tombak has proven particularly suitable according to claim 3.

Die in der Spitze des Geschossmantels eingelagerte pyrotechnische Ladung bewirkt beim Aufprall auf das Ziel einen Lichtblitz und entzündet dabei den nachfolgenden Hochleistungssprengstoff. Dadurch wird die oben erwähnte Splitterwirkung erzeugt. Diese relativ grosse pyrotechnische Ladung ist optimal, weil sie sich auch bei nicht sehr harten Zielen leicht entzündet und einen hellen Lichtblitz erzeugt, was für eine sichere Trefferverfolgung wichtig ist.The pyrotechnic charge stored in the top of the projectile shell causes a flash of light when it hits the target and ignites the following high-performance explosive. As a result, the above-mentioned fragmentation effect is generated. This relatively large pyrotechnic charge is optimal because it ignites easily even with not very hard targets and generates a bright flash of light, which is important for a safe hit tracking.

Beim Eindringen des Geschosses in ein Ziel entsteht eine derart hohe Reibungsenergie, welche die periphere Ladung, Anspruch 4 entzündet.Upon penetration of the projectile into a target, such a high friction energy is generated, which ignites the peripheral charge, claim 4.

Gemäss Anspruch 5 lässt sich ein hochverdichteter Hochleistungssprengstoff passgenau im Frontteil des Durchschlagskerns einfügen.According to claim 5, a highly compressed high-performance explosive can fit accurately in the front part of the penetration core.

Die Lagerung des Durchschlagskerns als solcher, im Vollmantel, ist mechanisch sehr vorteilhaft, ergibt sich doch daraus dessen genaue zentrische Lagerung und der Zwischenraum zwischen den frontseitigen und heckseitigen Kontaktstellen bleibt elastisch, was einerseits die Reibung im Geschosslauf verringert und anderseits die Abschussgeschwindigkeit und die kinetische Aufprallenergie im Ziel erhöht, Anspruch 6.The storage of the breakdown core as such, in the solid shell, is mechanically very advantageous, but it results from the exact centric storage and the space between the front and rear contact points remains elastic, which on the one hand reduces friction in the projectile barrel and on the other hand, the launching speed and the kinetic impact energy increased in the target, claim 6.

Der nach Anspruch 6 gebildete Zwischenraum wird nach Anspruch 7 durch einen Verbundwerkstoff - eine weitere pyrotechnische Mischung - ausgefüllt, was eine Erhöhung der Menge an Brandsatz bewirkt, ohne die gewünschte Elastizität des Vollmantels zu verlieren.The gap formed according to claim 6 is according to claim 7 by a composite material - another pyrotechnic Mixture - filled, which causes an increase in the amount of fire rate without losing the desired elasticity of the Vollmantels.

Der Erfindungsgegenstand erlaubt problemlos den heckseitigen Einbau einer zusätzlichen pyrotechnischen Markierladung zur Flugbahnverfolgung, Anspruch 8.The subject invention easily allows the rear-side installation of an additional pyrotechnic Markierladung for trajectory tracking, claim 8.

Zur Erhöhung der Durchschlagsleistung ist zumindest dessen Spitze gehärtet. Es kann aber auch das ganze Frontteil des Durchschlagskerns gehärtet und/oder aus einem harten Material, beispielsweise Titan gefertigt sein. Ebenfalls können das Frontteil und der eigentliche Durchschlagskern aus zwei Werkstoffen bestehen, die passgenau gefügt sind; vgl. Anspruch 9 und 10.To increase the breakdown power, at least its tip is hardened. But it can also be hardened the whole front part of the puncture core and / or made of a hard material, such as titanium. Likewise, the front part and the actual penetration core may consist of two materials that are fitted accurately; see. Claim 9 and 10.

Ausgehend von einstückigen Durchschlagsgeschossen kann der Durchschlagskern als Spitze aber auch als konkave Ausnehmung ausgebildet sein, wobei letztere auf Grund ihrer scharfen Kanten - nach dem Splittern des Frontteils - eine zusätzliche Wirkung nach Art eines Lochstempels ergibt, Anspruch 11.Starting from one-piece penetrating bullets, the penetration core can also be formed as a point but also as a concave recess, the latter resulting in an additional effect in the manner of a punch, due to its sharp edges - after splitting the front part.

Durch longitudinale Kerben im Hohlraum des Frontteils des Durchschlagskerns, Anspruch 12, wird die notwendige Energie zur Splitterwirkung reduziert, was bei relativ weichen Zielen günstig ist.By longitudinal notches in the cavity of the front part of the breakdown core, claim 12, the necessary energy is reduced to splinter effect, which is favorable for relatively soft targets.

Als Hochleistungssprengstoff im Frontteil des Durchschlagskerns sind konventionelle Ladungen nach den im Anspruch 13 genannten Sprengstoffen einsetzbar.As a high-performance explosive in the front part of the breakdown core conventional charges can be used according to the explosives mentioned in claim 13.

Eine extreme Leistungssteigerung kann durch den Einsatz von energetischen Nanomaterialien, Anspruch 14, erreicht werden.An extreme increase in performance can be achieved by the use of energetic nanomaterials, claim 14.

Besonders bewährt hat sich das in Anspruch 15 genannte Geschosskaliber, da dieses auch von leichten Waffen abfeuerbar ist.Has proven particularly useful in claim 15 bullet caliber, as this is also fired by light weapons.

Nachfolgend werden ah Hand von Zeichnungen Ausführungsbeispiele des Erfindungsgegenstands erläutert, wobei für gleichwirkende Teile gleiche Bezugszeichen verwendet sind.Hereinafter, embodiments of the subject invention will be explained by hand of drawings, wherein like reference numerals are used for like-acting parts.

Es zeigen, in vereinfachter Darstellung:

Fig. 1
ein Mehrzweckgeschoss mit Durchschlagskern und Brandsätzen,
Fig. 2
eine Variante eines Mehrzweckgeschosses mit heckseitiger Markierladung,
Fig. 3
den Durchschlagskern nach Fig. 1 in einer einzelnen Schnittdarstellung,
Fig. 4
eine Variante eines Durchschlagskerns,
Fig. 5
eine weitere Variante zum Durchschlagskern Fig. 1 mit longitudinalen Kerben und
Fig. 6
eine Frontalansicht auf die zylindrische Ausnehmung 6"' des Durchschlagskerns nach Fig. 5.
It shows, in a simplified representation:
Fig. 1
a multi-purpose bullet with penetration core and incendiary devices,
Fig. 2
a variant of a multi-purpose projectile with rear-side marking load,
Fig. 3
after the puncture core Fig. 1 in a single sectional view,
Fig. 4
a variant of a breakdown core,
Fig. 5
another variant to the breakdown core Fig. 1 with longitudinal notches and
Fig. 6
a frontal view of the cylindrical recess 6 "'of the puncture core Fig. 5 ,

In Figur 1 ist an einem Mehrzweckgeschoss dessen Vollmantel mit 1 bezeichnet; dieses Geschoss wird in einem üblichen Lauf (nicht dargestellt) in Flugrichtung F abgeschossen.In FIG. 1 is on a multipurpose projectile whose full coat 1 is designated; This projectile is launched in a usual run (not shown) in the direction of flight F.

Der Vollmantel 1 weist eine abgeplattete Spitze 2 auf um beim Aufschlag am Ziel eine sichere Zündung eines in der Geschossspitze eingelagerten Pyrotechnische Mischung 3 zu erzielen. Anschliessend an den Pyrotechnische Mischung 3 befindet sich ein Durchschlagskern 6, mit seiner frontseitigen zylindrischen Hohlraum 5 in Form einer Bohrung, welche einen Hochleistungssprengstoff 5' aufnimmt. In den Sprengstoff 5' ragt aus dem kegelförmigen Boden eine ogive Spitze 7. Der Durchschlagskern 6 ist einstückig ausgebildet und im Innern des Vollmantels frontseitig im Bereich 8 und heckseitig im Bereich 10 formschlüssig zentriert. Zwischen dem Schaft des Durchschlagskerns 6 und seinem frontseitigen Bereich befinden sich scharfe Übergänge in Form einer umlaufenden Kante 9 welche beim Aufschlag des Geschosses als konzentrische Sollbruchstelle 11 wirkt.The solid shell 1 has a flattened tip 2 in order to achieve a reliable ignition of a stored in the projectile tip pyrotechnic mixture 3 at the impact. Subsequent to the pyrotechnic mixture 3 is a breakdown core 6, with its front cylindrical cavity 5 in the form of a bore, which receives a high-performance explosive 5 '. In the explosive 5 'protrudes from the conical bottom an ogive tip 7. The Durchschlagskern 6 is integrally formed and centered inside the Vollmantels front side in the area 8 and the rear side in the area 10 positively. There are sharp transitions in the form of a circumferential edge 9 between the shaft of the puncture core 6 and its front area which acts as a concentric predetermined breaking point 11 on impact of the projectile.

Peripher zum Schaft des Kerns 6 ist ein Verbundwerkstoff 4 eingelagert, der in eine Polymermatrix ein Metallpulver enthält, welches sich im Ziel ebenfalls entzündet.Peripherally to the shaft of the core 6, a composite material 4 is incorporated, which contains in a polymer matrix a metal powder, which also ignites in the target.

Analog zu Fig. 1 ist das Ausführungsbeispiel nach Fig. 2 ausgestaltet; es enthält zusätzlich in einer heckseitigen Bohrung 13 eine Markierladung 14 (auch Leuchtsatz genannt), die beim Abschuss des Geschosses durch eine Zündladung 12 initiiert wird. - Dies erlaubt eine Verfolgung der Flugbahn bis zum Ziel. Auch hier erzeugt der Pyrotechnische Mischung 3 beim Aufprall auf das Ziel einen Lichtblitz, der eine sichere Detektion des Einschlags im Ziel gewährleistet. Das frontseitige Teil des Durchschlagskerns 6 dringt beim Aufschlag ins Ziel ein, wo der Hochleistungssprengstoff 5' detoniert und die zylindrische Ausnehmung 6' an den Sollbruchstellen abtrennt und zersplittert. Dadurch entsteht eine Art Vorbohrung, so dass das verbleibende Teil des Durchschlagskerns 6 mit seiner ogiven Spitze 7 das Ziel durchschlagen kann und gleichzeitig den beim Aufschlag, mit geringer Verzögerung ebenfalls initiierten Verbundwerkstoff 4 (Polymermatrix/Metallpulver) als Brandsatz mitführt.Analogous to Fig. 1 is the embodiment after Fig. 2 configured; In addition, it contains in a rear-side bore 13 a marking charge 14 (also called flare), which is initiated by a squib 12 when firing the projectile. - This allows tracing the trajectory to the target. Here, too, the pyrotechnic mixture 3 generates a flash of light upon impact with the target, which ensures reliable detection of the impact in the target. The front part of the breakdown core 6 penetrates the impact on the target, where the high-performance explosive 5 'detonates and the cylindrical recess 6' separated at the predetermined breaking points and splinters. This creates a kind of pilot hole, so that the remaining part of the penetration core 6 with its ogive tip 7 can penetrate the target and at the same time entrains with the impact, with a slight delay also initiated composite material 4 (polymer matrix / metal powder) as an incendiary.

Der weitere Verbundstoff 4 wurde schichtweise in den Vollmantel mittels Spritztechnik peripher formgenau angelagert. Er brennt dementsprechend mit einer nochmaligen geringfügigen zeitlichen Verzögerung im Ziel ab und erhöht damit die totale Brandwirkung beim Durchschlag. Dadurch wird die gesamte Leuchtdauer erhöht und damit die Treffermarkierungszeit verlängert.The further composite 4 was layered in the solid shell by injection molding peripherally accurate. Accordingly, it burns down at the target with a further slight time delay, thus increasing the total firing effect on breakdown. This will increase the total burn time and extend the hit mark time.

Alternativ können - hier nicht gezeichnet - am Heckteil des Durchschlagskerns 6 Sacklochbohrungen vorhanden sein, die zusammen mit radialen Bohrungen das Einpressen des peripheren Verbundwerkstoffs 4 ermöglichen. Dies ergibt, durch die Wahl des Druckverlaufs beim Einpressen des Verbundwerkstoffs 4 den Vorteil einer präzisen Einstellung der Elastizität (Reibung im Lauf) des Vollmantels 1.Alternatively - not shown here - 6 blind holes may be present at the rear part of the puncture core, which allow together with radial holes the pressing of the peripheral composite material 4. This results, by the choice of the pressure curve during the pressing of the composite material 4, the advantage of a precise adjustment of the elasticity (friction in the barrel) of the solid shell. 1

Weitere Ausführungsbeispiele von Durchschlagskernen sind in Fig. 3 bis Fig. 6 ersichtlich. Fig. 3 zeigt den Durchschlagskern 6 mit seinem Frontteil 6', mit dem kegelförmigen Boden mit kegelförmiger Spitze 7', mit einem Kegelwinkel α von 60°. Die Variante nach Fig. 4 enthält an Stelle eines spitzen Kegels eine Ausnehmung mit einem konkaven Boden im Frontteil 6", mit einem Kegelwinkel von 120°. Fig. 5 enthält zusätzlich zu der Darstellung nach Fig. 3, zwölf longitudinale Kerben 15 im Frontteil 6"', wodurch die Kerben 15 auch bei einem weichen Ziel ein sicheres Zersplittern des frontseitigen Teils des Durchschlagskerns 6"' sichern. Fig. 6 ist eine Ansicht auf das Frontteil 6"', worin man die Kerben 15, leicht als Sollbruchstellen erkennt.Further embodiments of punch cores are in Fig. 3 to Fig. 6 seen. Fig. 3 shows the penetration core 6 with its front part 6 ', with the conical bottom with a conical tip 7', with a cone angle α of 60 °. The variant after Fig. 4 In place of a pointed cone contains a recess with a concave bottom in the front part 6 ", with a cone angle of 120 °. Fig. 5 contains in addition to the representation after Fig. 3 , twelve longitudinal notches 15 in the front part 6 "', whereby the notches 15 secure a secure splitting of the front part of the puncture core 6"' even with a soft target. Fig. 6 is a view of the front part 6 "', wherein the notches 15, easily recognizes as predetermined breaking points.

Die Ausgestaltung der Spitzen 7, 7' kann dem hauptsächlichen Einsatzzweck des Geschosses angepasst werden: So ist eine ogive Spitze 7 günstig um ein Abprallen des Geschosses bei dessen schiefwinkligen Auftreffen am Ziel zu verhindern. Die Varianten nach den Beispielen 3 bis 5 sind fertigungstechnisch günstig. Die Kerben 15, Fig. 5 und Fig. 6 sind aus Darstellungsgründen grösser gezeichnet; als hohe Kerbfaktoren genügen bekanntlich Spitzeeinkerbungen von wenigen Zehntelsmilimetern, die durch Stossen (Räumnadel) leicht erzeugbar sind.The design of the tips 7, 7 'can be adapted to the main purpose of the projectile: Thus, an ogive tip 7 is favorable to prevent a rebound of the projectile at its oblique incidence on the target. The variants of Examples 3 to 5 are favorable in terms of manufacturing technology. The notches 15, Fig. 5 and Fig. 6 are drawn larger for purposes of illustration; As high notch factors, it is known to satisfy tip indentations of a few tenths of a millimeter, which can easily be produced by poking (broaching).

Als Pyrotechnische Mischung 3 eignen sich Verbundstoffe bei denen ein Metallpulver in eine Polymermatrix eingelagert ist. Besonders bewährt hat sich als Polymermatrix Polyetherketon, wie in der PCT/EP2016/069462 vorgeschlagen wurde. Diese Art Verbundstoff lässt sich schichtweise in die Spitze des Vollmantels 1 - über dessen heckseitige Bohrung - einspritzen, bevor die nachfolgenden Bestandteile eingefügt werden und der Boden gebördelt wird.As pyrotechnic mixture 3 are composites in which a metal powder is embedded in a polymer matrix. Has proven particularly useful as a polymer matrix polyether ketone, as in PCT / EP2016 / 069462 was proposed. This type of composite can be injected in layers into the top of the full jacket 1 - over the rear hole - before the following components are inserted and the bottom is crimped.

Als Hochleistungssprengstoff 5 eignen sich Penetrit (PETN), Hexogen (RDX), insbesondere aber Octastit 8 (nach EP -A1-0 068 528 ), welcher auf Grund seiner hohen Phlegmatisierung hochverdichtet und trotzdem zeitgerecht wirkt, d.i. erst nach dem Eindringen ins Ziel explodiert und dem Durchschlagskern "freie Bahn" gibt.As a high performance explosive 5 Penetrit (PETN), Hexogen (RDX), but especially Octastit 8 (after EP-A1-0 068 528 ), which because of its high phlegmatization highly condensed and nevertheless acts timely, which explodes only after the penetration into the target and gives the Durchschlagskern "free course".

Besondere Erwartungen werden in die hochenergetischen Nano-Sprengstoffe gesetzt, deren Sprengwirkung ein mehrfaches bisheriger Hochleistungssgrengstoffe betragen soll. Derartige Nanomaterialien werden derzeit entwickelt und untersucht; sie dienen generell als Treibladungen und pyrotechnische Komponenten. Siehe dazu: www.isl.eu/de/forschung/neue-energetische-stoffe-undschutzmaterialien. Sowie " Treibstoffe & Treibladung Systeme": www.ict.fraunhofer.de/de/komp/em/treib.html .Special expectations are placed in the high-energy nano-explosives whose explosive effect is a multiple should be high performance Grengstoffe. Such nanomaterials are currently being developed and studied; they generally serve as propellants and pyrotechnic components. See: www.isl.eu/de/forschung/new-energetic-materials-undschutzmaterialien. Such as " Fuels & propellant charge systems ": www.ict.fraunhofer.de/en/comp/em/treib.html ,

Der Erfindungsgegenstand stellt eine offene Konstruktion dar, d.h. sie kann auf verschiedenste Art modifiziert, mit unterschiedlichen Materialien kombiniert und an den beabsichtigten, spezifischen Einsatzzweck angepasst werden, so u.a. auch mittels Einlagen aus Metallsplittern.The subject invention is an open construction, i. it can be modified in a variety of ways, combined with different materials and adapted to the intended, specific application, such as. also by means of inserts of metal splinters.

Zur Erhöhung der Durchschlagsleistung kann der zylindrische Schaft des Durchschlagskerns 6 ebenfalls ogivenförmig ausgestaltet sein.To increase the breakdown power of the cylindrical shaft of the breakdown core 6 may also be designed ogivenförmig.

Bezeichnungslistename list

11
Vollmantel (Mehrzweckgeschoss)Full coat (multipurpose storey)
22
abgeplattete Spitzeflattened top
33
Pyrotechnische Mischung (Ladung)Pyrotechnic mixture (charge)
44
VerbundwerkstoffComposite material
55
Hohlraumcavity
5'5 '
HochleistungssprengstoffHigh power explosive
66
Durchschlagskern, einstückigImpact core, one-piece
6'6 '
zylindrisches Frontteil von 6 (mit kegelförmigem Boden)cylindrical front part of 6 (with conical bottom)
6"6 "
zylindrisches Frontteil von 6 (mit konkavem Boden)cylindrical front part of 6 (with concave bottom)
6"'6 " '
zylindrisches Frontteil von 6 mit zusätzlichen Kerbfaktorencylindrical front part of 6 with additional notch factors
77
ogive Spitze an 6 (gehärtet)ogive tip to 6 (hardened)
7'7 '
kegelförmige Spitze an 6 (gehärtet)conical tip at 6 (hardened)
88th
frontseitiger Formschlussfront-side positive connection
99
umlaufende scharfe Kantecircumferential sharp edge
1010
heckseitiger Formschlussrear-sided positive connection
1111
Sollbruchstellen (konzentrisch)Predetermined breaking points (concentric)
1212
heckseitige ZündladungRear ignition charge
1313
Bohrungdrilling
1414
MarkierladungMarkierladung
1515
Kerben (longitudinal)Notches (longitudinal)
FF
Flugrichtungflight direction
αα
Kegelwinkel von 7'Cone angle of 7 '
ββ
konkaver Kegelwinkelconcave cone angle

Claims (15)

Vollmantel-Mehrzweckgeschoss mit einem zentralen Durchschlagskern mit einer frontseitigen Ausnehmung und wenigstens einer, vor dem Durchschlagskern gelagerten pyrotechnischen Ladung, wobei der Durchschlagskern eine Sollbruchstelle aufweist, die beim Aufprall am Ziel splittert, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Durchschlagskern (6,6') in seinem Frontteil einen offenen Hohlraum (5) aufweist, der mit einer Sprengladung (5') ausgefüllt ist und eine Einschnürung enthält, derart, dass beim Aufprall auf einem Ziel ein Sollbruch zwischen dem Hohlraum (5) und einer scharfen Kante (9) an der Einschnürung eine Splitterwirkung entsteht.Full-jacketed multi-purpose projectile with a central penetration core with a front recess and at least one pyrotechnic charge mounted in front of the penetration core, the penetration core having a predetermined breaking point which splits on impact at the target, characterized in that the penetration core (6, 6 ') in its Front part has an open cavity (5) which is filled with an explosive charge (5 ') and contains a constriction, such that upon impact with a target a predetermined breaking between the cavity (5) and a sharp edge (9) at the constriction a splintering effect arises. Vollmantel-Mehrzweckgeschoss nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Vollmantel (1) aus Kupfer oder einer kupferhaltigen Legierung oder Plattierung besteht.A solid bowl multi-purpose projectile according to claim 1, characterized in that the solid shell (1) consists of copper or a copper-containing alloy or plating. Vollmantel-Mehrzweckgeschoss nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Vollmantel (1) und/oder dessen Plattierung aus Tombak bestehen.A solid bowl multi-purpose projectile according to claim 2, characterized in that the solid shell (1) and / or its cladding consist of Tombak. Vollmantel-Mehrzweckgeschoss nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die am Durchschlagskern (6,6') peripher gelagerte pyrotechnische Mischung (3) aus einer Polymermatrix, vorzugsweise Polyetherketone mit eingelagertem Metallpulver, wie Titan, Magnesium, Aluminium oder Zirkon und/oder Mischungen davon sind.Solid shell multi-purpose projectile according to Claim 1, characterized in that the pyrotechnic mixture (3) mounted peripherally on the penetration core (6, 6 ') consists of a polymer matrix, preferably polyether ketones with intercalated metal powder, such as titanium, magnesium, aluminum or zirconium and / or mixtures thereof are. Vollmantel-Mehrzweckgeschoss nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass im Frontteil (6'), in dessen Hohlraum (5) ein Hochleistungssprengstoff (5') eingepresst, eingespritzt oder eingeklebt ist.A solid shell multi-purpose projectile according to claim 1, characterized in that in the front part (6 '), in the cavity (5) a high-performance explosive (5') is pressed, injected or glued. Vollmantel-Mehrzweckgeschoss nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Durchschlagskern (6,6') im Vollmantel (1) diesen frontseitig (8) und heckseitig (10) partiell formschlüssig kontaktiert.Solid shell multi-purpose projectile according to claim 1, characterized in that the penetration core (6, 6 ') in the solid shell (1) contacts the front side (8) and the rear side (10) in a partially positive manner. Vollmantel-Mehrzweckgeschoss nach Anspruch 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Zwischenraum zwischen den Kontaktstellen (8,10) des Durchschlagskerns (6,6') und dem Vollmantel (1) durch eine entzündliche polymer Mischung und/oder durch pulverförmige entzündbare Metalle (4) ausgefüllt ist.A solid bowl multi-purpose projectile according to claim 6, characterized in that the space between the contact points (8, 10) of the penetration core (6, 6 ') and the solid shell (1) is formed by an inflammable polymer mixture and / or by pulverulent flammable metals (4). is filled. Vollmantel-Mehrzweckgeschoss nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass zur Flugbahnverfolgung im Heck des Durchschlagskerns (6,6') eine pyrotechnische Markierladung (14) vorgesehen ist, die beim Abschuss aus einem Lauf durch eine Zündladung (12) initiiert ist.A full-jacketed multi-purpose projectile according to claim 1, characterized in that for trajectory tracking in the rear of the breakdown core (6,6 ') a pyrotechnic Markierladung (14) is provided, which is initiated when shooting from a run by a squib (12). Vollmantel-Mehrzweckgeschoss nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass in das Heck des Hohlraums (5) des Frontteils (6') eine ogive oder kegelförmige, gehärtete Spitze (7;7') ragt.A solid bowl multi-purpose projectile according to claim 1, characterized in that in the rear of the cavity (5) of the front part (6 ') an ogive or conical, hardened tip (7, 7') protrudes. Vollmantel-Mehrzweckgeschoss nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das gesamte Frontteil (6') gehärtet ist.Solid shell multi-purpose projectile according to claim 1, characterized in that the entire front part (6 ') is hardened. Vollmantel-Mehrzweckgeschoss nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass in das Heck des Hohlraums (5) des Frontteils (6') eine konkave, kegelförmige Ausnehmung mit einem Kegelwinkel (β) von 90° bis 120° vorgesehen ist.A solid bowl multi-purpose projectile according to claim 1, characterized in that in the rear of the cavity (5) of the front part (6 ') a concave, conical recess with a cone angle (β) of 90 ° to 120 ° is provided. Vollmantel-Mehrzweckgeschoss nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass im Hohlraum (5) longitudinale Kerben (15), in gleichen Abständen eingelassen sind.A solid bowl multi-purpose projectile according to claim 1, characterized in that in the cavity (5) longitudinal notches (15) are embedded at equal intervals. Vollmantel-Mehrzweckgeschoss nach Anspruch 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Hochleistungssprengstoff (5') Penetrit (PETN) oder Hexogen (RDX) oder Octastit 8 ist.A solid bowl multi-purpose projectile according to claim 5, characterized in that the high performance explosive (5 ') is penetrate (PETN) or hexogen (RDX) or octastite 8. Vollmantel-Mehrzweckgeschoss nach Anspruch 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Hochleistungssprengstoff (5') ein energetisches Nanomaterial ist.A solid bowl multi-purpose projectile according to claim 5, characterized in that the high-performance explosive (5 ') is an energetic nanomaterial. Vollmantel-Mehrzweckgeschoss nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass dieses ein Kaliber von 12,7 mm aufweist.Solid bowl multi-purpose projectile according to claim 1, characterized in that it has a caliber of 12.7 mm.
EP16405018.9A 2016-10-20 2016-10-20 Multi-purpose projectile Active EP3312546B1 (en)

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SI201630240T SI3312546T1 (en) 2016-10-20 2016-10-20 Multi-purpose projectile
EP16405018.9A EP3312546B1 (en) 2016-10-20 2016-10-20 Multi-purpose projectile
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EP4163584A1 (en) * 2021-10-05 2023-04-12 TDW Gesellschaft für verteidigungstechnische Wirksysteme mbH Method for finishing a base component and component with such a post-processed base component

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EP3845853A1 (en) * 2019-12-30 2021-07-07 RUAG Ammotec AG Projectile and ammunition
EP4163584A1 (en) * 2021-10-05 2023-04-12 TDW Gesellschaft für verteidigungstechnische Wirksysteme mbH Method for finishing a base component and component with such a post-processed base component

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HRP20190745T1 (en) 2019-06-14
EP3312546B1 (en) 2019-01-30
EP3514479A1 (en) 2019-07-24

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