EP3845853A1 - Projectile and ammunition - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a projectile, in particular a penetrator, preferably with a caliber of less than 40 mm, for ammunition, comprising a bow-side, in particular ogive-shaped, sacrificial section and an adjoining projectile base, with a transition between the projectile base and the bow-side sacrificial section and / or the projectile base is notched on the outside in such a way that in the event of an impact on a standard target, the sacrificial section is at least partially separated from the projectile base.

Description

The present invention relates to a projectile, in particular a penetrator, for ammunition, preferably with a caliber of less than 40 mm, or a caliber of less than 8 mm, such as small caliber. Generic projectiles are preferably used in the military sector and serve to penetrate stronger so-called protection classes. This means that the projectiles are able to achieve increased penetration rates in order to damage targets of increased strength. Such projectiles are known, for example, as anti-material rifle (AMR) in English-speaking countries and are used to combat armored objects or objects located behind cover, such as helicopters, armored vehicles, aircraft, ships or the like.

Generic projectiles are for example EP 0 279 732 B1 known and have an ogive at the bow, which is responsible, among other things, for the aerodynamics of the projectile, and a projectile base adjoining the ogive, which is used, among other things, to attach to a bullet shoe that is placed on the projectile at the bow. The bullet shoe and the projectile are dimensioned with respect to one another in such a way that the bullet shoe rests directly on the projectile base. The projectile base merges into the ogive with the formation of a radially protruding shoulder in order to form an axial stop for the projectile shoe.

In such known projectiles it has been found to be disadvantageous that the radially protruding shoulder acts as a break point, which causes an undefined and uncontrolled deformation and / or fragmentation of the projectile. When the projectile hits a target, in particular during the penetration process, this results in a reduced penetration performance.

It is therefore the object of the present invention to improve the disadvantages of the known prior art, in particular to provide a projectile, preferably a penetrator, for ammunition or ammunition with an improved penetration line, in particular without increasing the cost of the projectile.

The object is achieved by the subject matter of claims 1, 3, 7 and 17, respectively.

According to this, a projectile, in particular a penetrator, preferably with a caliber of less than 40 mm, in particular less than 8 mm, such as small caliber, is provided for ammunition. Generic projectiles, especially penetrators, especially for armor-piercing ammunition (referred to as armor piercing, AP for short), are used to achieve increased penetration rates in the target, for example to penetrate stronger so-called protection classes in the military sector. Generic projectiles achieve at least protection class 12, preferably protection class 13, according to the VPAM Standard APR 2006 Edition. For example, the projectile can be an API projectile (Armor Piercing, Incendiary), in which an inflammable substance (for example zirconium) is added to an AP projectile in order to create an additional fire effect after penetrating, for example, armor.

The projectile comprises a bow-side, in particular ogive-shaped, sacrificial section and an adjoining projectile base. If the present description speaks of bow or bow side or stern or stern side, the corresponding terms are to be understood with regard to a direction of flight of the projectile or with regard to its orientation in the gun barrel, whereby the projectile bow relates to the direction of flight at the front, so on the front, is arranged and the stern is based on the direction of flight behind. The projectile base is, for example, essentially completely cylindrical in shape and / or formed from solid material.

According to a first aspect of the present invention, a transition between the projectile base and the bow-side sacrificial section and / or the projectile base is notched on the outside in such a way that the sacrificial section is at least partially separated from the projectile base in the event of an impact on a standard target. A predefined steel sheet with a predetermined hardness, namely 367 Brinell (HB), and a predetermined thickness, namely 13 mm, can be used as a standard target. The standard target can be used in a standard experimental setup, which is as follows looks like: The projectile is fired by means of a firearm at a launch speed of about 880 m / s, so that it hits the standard target, which is about 900 m away, essentially orthogonally on its target surface.

In order to increase the penetration performance or penetration effect of projectiles, the following challenges in particular arise: as a rule, a compromise has to be found between costs, in particular material costs for materials of high density and hardness, and penetration effect, as well as a compromise between aerodynamics and penetration effect. By means of the constructive measures according to the invention, the inventors of the present invention were able to solve the above-mentioned compromises to the effect that high penetration effects can be achieved without increasing the cost of the projectile and / or without having to resort to expensive materials and / or without the Affect aerodynamics. For example, the projectile can be made of steel, with which previously known projectiles with a similar penetration effect could only be produced with increased costs for expensive materials and / or reduced aerodynamics and thus reduced precision and / or flight range.

Through the at least partial separation of the sacrificial section from the projectile base after the projectile has hit the target, in particular the complete separation of the sacrificial section from the projectile base, it is achieved that shock and impulse waves introduced into the sacrificial section as a result of the impact, which lead to failure and / or uncontrolled deformation, in particular to cracks within the projectile material, can be largely taken up and absorbed by the sacrificial section, so that it is ensured that the projectile base remains essentially intact and can continue to penetrate essentially intact after the sacrificial section has been severed. By designing the notch in such a way that the sacrificial section reliably separates, the penetration performance of projectiles can be significantly increased.

According to an exemplary embodiment of the projectile according to the invention, the sacrificial section and projectile base are made in one piece. For example, the projectile can be produced by machining, such as turning, or by forming, in particular tensile compression forming, such as deep drawing. The one-piece projectile is functionally converted into a two-piece projectile by providing the circumferential notch or recess, namely the bow-side, the shock waves and the Energy input absorbing sacrificial section and the rear projectile base carrying out the penetration process. It has been found that by providing and forming a targeted and defined predetermined breaking point in the form of the circumferential notch or recess, the deformation behavior of the projectile can be influenced, in particular adjusted.

According to a further aspect of the present invention, which can be combined with the preceding aspects and exemplary embodiments, a projectile, in particular a penetrator, preferably with a caliber of less than 40 mm, in particular less than 8 mm, such as small caliber, is provided for ammunition .

The projectile comprises a bow-side, in particular ogive-shaped, sacrificial section and an adjoining projectile base. At the transition between the sacrificial section and the projectile base and / or on the projectile base, a circumferential depression is formed which has two opposite depression flanks and a depression base connecting the depression flanks. The recess flanks limit the recess in relation to the longitudinal direction of the storey.

According to the further aspect of the present invention, at least one profile step is provided at the bottom of the depression. In other words, at least one of the two recess flanks on the recess base jumps back towards the outside of the projectile, which can be formed, for example, by a sacrificial section jacket or a projectile base jacket, depending on the position in which the recess is located in relation to the longitudinal direction. For example, the recess can have a V-shape in cross-section, a single profile step being formed at the bottom of the recess. The recess can, for example, also have a U-shape in cross section, so that two profile jumps are implemented at the base of the recess, namely each between the base of the recess and an adjacent recess flank, which thus jump back to the respective shell section starting from the base of the recess. The design of the recess according to the invention generates a clearly defined predetermined breaking point which significantly increases the penetration effect of the projectile. The inventors of the present invention have found that the profile jump at the bottom of the recess is in Makes a crack brake noticeable and after an impact of the projectile on a target in the sacrificial section focused cracks introduced like a needle and prevents the cracks from spreading into the projectile base. Furthermore, the ability of the depression to absorb shock waves and impulse waves introduced into the victim section after the projectile has hit or to prevent its propagation into the projectile base is significantly increased. Thus, the recess design according to the second aspect of the invention also enables a significantly increased penetration effect and protection of the projectile base so that it remains essentially undamaged for the penetration process that takes place after the impact of the projectile.

For example, one of the depression flanks, in particular the depression flank on the victim section side, is oriented essentially perpendicularly with respect to a longitudinal axis of the projectile. The other of the two depression flanks, in particular the bow-side depression flank, is oriented at an angle with respect to the longitudinal axis and with respect to the respective other depression flank in order to form the depression. In other words, the recess can be designed such that a victim section-side recess flank is inclined essentially perpendicularly with respect to an adjoining sacrificial section casing and a bow-side recess flank both in relation to the victim section-side recess flank and in relation to an adjoining projectile base casing.

According to an exemplary development of the projectile according to the invention, the depression is implemented as a tapering notch. The notch has a sharp-edged notch base with a radius of less than 0.8 mm, in particular less than 0.7 mm, 0.6 mm, 0.5 mm or less than 0.4 mm. The radius of the sharp-edged notch base can be greater than 0.05 mm. The sharp edges of the notch base have proven to be advantageous, on the one hand, in relation to reliable separation of the sacrificial portion from the projectile base and, on the other hand, to be advantageous in relation to protecting the projectile base.

According to a further exemplary embodiment of a projectile according to the invention, the recess or the notch has a depth starting from a jacket surface of the sacrificial section and / or from a jacket surface of the projectile base, the respective jacket surface defining the outer diameter of the respective section, in the range 5% to 50% , in particular in the range from 7.5% to 40%, 9% to 30% or in the range from 10 to 25% of a caliber diameter. A significant indentation or notch depth in the above-mentioned area intensifies the above-mentioned advantageous technical effects according to the invention.

According to an exemplary development of the projectile according to the invention, the recess or the notch has an opening angle in the range from 5 ° to 50 °, in particular in the range from 7.5 ° to 45 ° or in the range from 10 ° to 40 °. It can be provided that the recess or the notch has two circumferential recess or notch flanks opening into a common recess or notch base. The recess or notch flanks can be angled to one another at an angle in the stressed range, that is in the range from 5 ° to 50 °, in particular in the range from 7.5 ° to 45 ° or in the range from 10 ° to 40 ° be. An opening angle can be understood to be an angle which is spanned by the two opposing, mutually associated depression or notch flanks.

According to a further aspect of the present invention, which can be combined with the preceding aspects and exemplary embodiments, a projectile, in particular a penetrator, preferably with a caliber of less than 40 mm, in particular less than 8 mm, such as small caliber, is provided for ammunition . The projectile comprises a bow-side, in particular ogive-shaped, sacrificial section and an adjoining rear-side projectile base. A circumferential depression is formed at the transition between the sacrificial section and the projectile base and / or on the projectile base.

According to the further aspect of the invention, the recess is inclined with respect to the longitudinal direction of the projectile in the direction of the rear of the projectile. In other words, two opposing depression flanks that delimit the depression in the longitudinal direction of the projectile can have both a radial and an axial component, with the projectile base-side or rear-side depression flank in particular having a larger axial component than the victim section-side or bow-side depression flank. Here, the axial direction is to be understood as a direction oriented in the longitudinal direction of the projectile, and the radial direction as a direction oriented transversely, in particular perpendicular, with respect to the axial or longitudinal direction of the projectile. The projectile can be designed to be rotationally symmetrical with respect to a central axis of the projectile, which then defines the axial direction Define the radial direction starting from the central axis of the projectile towards an outer circumference of the projectile. It was found that the inclination of the recess in the direction of the projectile tail results in a desired deformation and thereby a desired projectile intermediate product, also called intermediate, since the inclination of the recess results in the sacrificial section at least partially along the inclination direction of separates the projectile base and thus the projectile base tapers, in particular conically, at least axially in sections at the bow after the separation of the sacrificial section. Introduced shock waves or impulse waves can thereby be better absorbed by the projectile base or better derived, whereby the projectile base remains stable for a longer period of time and can therefore penetrate for a longer period of time. The recess design according to the third aspect of the invention thus also brings about a significantly increased penetration effect and / or increased protection of the projectile base so that it remains essentially intact for the penetration process that takes place after the projectile impacts.

According to an exemplary development of the projectile according to the invention, the recess is inclined in such a way that, after the sacrificial section has been separated from the projectile base, the projectile base essentially has a torpedo or arrow-like shape, in particular pointing in the direction of flight. For example, after the sacrificial section has been separated, the projectile base can taper on the bow side. The arrow or torpedo shape, in particular the bow-side taper, of the projectile intermediate, which is essentially formed exclusively by the projectile base, can achieve improved penetration performance and better absorb or better dissipate impacting shock waves or impulse waves.

In a further exemplary embodiment of a projectile according to the invention, the recess or the notch has two circumferential recess or notch flanks opening into a common recess or notch base. The recess or notch flanks delimit the recess or the notch in the longitudinal direction of the projectile and the recess or notch base delimit the recess or the notch transversely to the longitudinal direction of the projectile, in particular in the radial direction. It can be provided that the projectile base-side, bow-side recess or notch flank is at least partially, preferably completely, convexly curved. It was found that a convex curved bow-side recess or notch flank after separation of the sacrificial section from the projectile base creates the projectile intermediate, which is essentially formed by the projectile base, adapts even better to the shape of the torpedo or arrow, which increases the penetration power.

In a further exemplary embodiment of the projectile according to the invention, the recess or the notch has two circumferential recess or notch flanks opening into a common recess or notch base. The recess or notch flanks have at the radial height of a jacket surface of the sacrificial section and / or a jacket surface of the projectile base a spacing from one another of at least 2 mm, measured in the projectile longitudinal or axial direction. The claimed distance of at least 2 mm between the recess or notch flanks, in particular between its edges arranged at the radial height of the corresponding lateral surface, prevents only ductile deformation of the projectile, in particular the two recess or notch flanks, after the impact of the Projectile goes hand in hand with the target and ensures that the desired deformation, in particular the desired breaking, that is, separation of the sacrificial portion from the projectile base, is achieved.

According to an exemplary development of the projectile according to the invention, the notch or the recess is positioned approximately centrally with respect to an overall longitudinal extent of the projectile. For example, the recess or the notch is arranged at the transition between the projectile base and the sacrificial section, so that the recess or the notch divides the projectile approximately centrally into the projectile base and the sacrificial section.

According to a further exemplary embodiment of the projectile according to the invention, the notch or the depression is located at a transition between the projectile base and the sacrificial section. At the transition between the projectile base and the sacrificial section, there may be an increase in diameter from the projectile base to the sacrificial section. The sacrificial section head that protrudes in the radial direction over the projectile base, in particular tapering in the shape of an ogive, has a positive effect on the aerodynamics of the projectile and, in connection with the recess located at the transition between the projectile base and the sacrificial section, increases the penetration performance of the projectile, especially by shooters the projectile base. The enlargement of the diameter of the projectile base towards the sacrificial section can be realized with the formation of a step-shaped or continuously increasing shoulder.

According to an exemplary development of the projectile according to the invention, at least two notches or depressions are in particular evenly distributed along the total longitudinal extent of the projectile, for example arranged at a third or two thirds in relation to the longitudinal extent of the projectile. It can be provided that the two notches or two depressions are formed with the same shape, in particular produced by means of the same tool as the piercing tool.

In a further exemplary embodiment of the projectile according to the invention, the projectile is made of metal such as steel, iron, hardened steel, hard metal or tungsten. It is clear that the harder materials of higher density have an even more positive effect on the penetration performance, but can be more cost-intensive. As a result of the structural designs according to the invention of the notch or the recess of projectiles according to the invention, a significant increase in the penetration effect is achieved despite the use of inexpensive, less hard materials.

According to an exemplary development of the projectile according to the invention, the notch or the recess is positioned and / or dimensioned in such a way that when the projectile strikes a target, the notch or the recess prevents shock waves from spreading from the sacrificial section into the projectile base. The shock waves introduced into the bow-side sacrificial section as a result of the projectile hitting a target cannot be introduced unhindered into the projectile base, but are prevented from spreading by the depression or notch, in particular concentrated like a needle eye. As a result, the shock wave energy is focused in the victim section and is essentially kept away from the projectile base, which thus remains essentially intact and can provide maximum energy for penetration of the target. Alternatively or additionally, the notch or the recess can be positioned and / or dimensioned in such a way that when the projectile strikes a target, the notch or the recess prevents cracks introduced into the sacrificial section from spreading into the projectile base. For example, the notch or depression functions as a crack depression or crack brake. Cracks forming in the sacrificial section are held up at the notch or the depression and channeled there, in particular in the form of a needle eye, in order to prevent the cracks from spreading into the projectile base so that it can remain essentially intact. Alternatively or additionally, the recess or the notch can be positioned and / or dimensioned in such a way that when the projectile strikes a The aim of the notch or depression is to prevent impulse transmission from the sacrificial section into the projectile base. In particular, it is provided that the notch or the depression reflects the impulses back into the sacrificial section in the direction of the projectile nose. The impulses can be prevented from spreading into the projectile base and the projectile base can thus be protected.

According to a further aspect of the present invention, which can be combined with the preceding aspects and exemplary embodiments, ammunition, preferably with a caliber of less than 40 mm, in particular with a caliber of less than 8 mm, such as small caliber, is provided, the ammunition comprises a projectile shoe, or a projectile casing, and a projectile designed according to one of the preceding claims, preferably pressed into the projectile shoe or the projectile casing. By means of the ammunition according to the invention, it is possible to achieve a significantly increased penetration effect compared to the ammunition available in the prior art, without having to make any losses in terms of poor aerodynamics and / or high costs.

Preferred embodiments are given in the subclaims.

Figur 1

eine Schnittansicht einer beispielhaften Ausführung erfindungsgemäßer Munition mit einem erfindungsgemäßen Projektil;

Figur 2

eine Detailansicht II einer Vertiefung des Projektils nach Figur 1;

Figur 3

eine alternative Ausführung einer Vertiefung;

Figur 4

eine weitere alternative Ausführung einer Vertiefung;

Figur 5

eine Schnittansicht einer weiteren beispielhaften Ausführung erfindungsgemäßer Munition mit einem erfindungsgemäßen Projektil;

Figur 6

eine Seitenansicht des Projektils nach Figur 5;

Figur 7

eine Schnittansicht einer weiteren beispielhaften Ausführung erfindungsgemäßer Munition mit einem erfindungsgemäßen Projektil;

Figur 8

eine Seitenansicht des Projektils nach Figur 7;

Figur 9

eine Schnittansicht einer weiteren beispielhaften Ausführung erfindungsgemäßer Munition mit einem erfindungsgemäßen Projektil; und

Figur 10

eine Seitenansicht des Projektils nach Figur 9.

In the following, further properties, features and advantages of the invention will become clear by means of a description of preferred embodiments of the invention with reference to the accompanying exemplary drawings, in which:

Figure 1

a sectional view of an exemplary embodiment of ammunition according to the invention with a projectile according to the invention;

Figure 2

a detailed view II after a recess of the projectile Figure 1 ;

Figure 3

an alternative embodiment of a recess;

Figure 4

another alternative embodiment of a recess;

Figure 5

a sectional view of a further exemplary embodiment of ammunition according to the invention with a projectile according to the invention;

Figure 6

a side view of the projectile according to Figure 5 ;

Figure 7

a sectional view of a further exemplary embodiment of ammunition according to the invention with a projectile according to the invention;

Figure 8

a side view of the projectile according to Figure 7 ;

Figure 9

a sectional view of a further exemplary embodiment of ammunition according to the invention with a projectile according to the invention; and

Figure 10

a side view of the projectile according to Figure 9 .

In the following description of exemplary embodiments of ammunition according to the invention and projectiles according to the invention, ammunition according to the invention is generally provided with the reference number 1 and a projectile according to the invention is generally provided with the reference number 3. Exemplary caliber diameters, which represent a measure of the outer diameter of projectiles 3 and the inner diameter of a barrel of a weapon (not shown), amount to a maximum of 40 mm, in particular a maximum of 13 mm. For the exemplary description it can be assumed that the projectile 3 is made of hardened steel. In addition to the projectile 3, an ammunition 1 according to the invention comprises a projectile shoe 5 into which the projectile 3 is at least partially introduced, in particular pressed. If in the following the front or bow side or rear side is spoken of, the directions are to be understood in relation to a flight direction, which is indicated with the reference symbol F, of the projectile 3 and thus in relation to an orientation of the projectile 3 in the gun barrel.

In Figure 1 AP ammunition 1 is shown. The projectile shoe 5 is designed to be open at the front or at the bow and has an essentially inner cylindrical seat 9 which delimits an essentially cylindrical cavity 7. The seat 9 opens at the rear into a floor 11 which closes the cavity 7 towards the rear. The projectile 3 is held non-positively and / or positively in the projectile shoe 5.

A part of the projectile 3 is accommodated in the cavity 7, the projectile 3 not completely filling the cavity 7 at the rear. The projectile part accommodated in the cavity 7 forms a projectile base 13, which can also be referred to as a penetration core and which, after the projectile 3 has hit a target, provides the predominant penetration performance of the projectile 3. On the bow side, the projectile base 13 is adjoined by an ogive-shaped sacrificial section 15, in particular, which is designed to absorb the impulse and energy inputs caused when the projectile 3 impacts. The sacrificial section 15 protrudes essentially completely from the cavity 7 in the longitudinal direction of the projectile and the direction of flight. Projectile base 13 and sacrificial section 15 are made in one piece, for example Turned from hardened steel. In the area of the transition from the projectile base 13 to the sacrificial section 15 or in the rear area of the sacrificial section 15, the projectile 3 has an enlarged diameter on which a circumferential support shoulder 17 is formed for a preferably complementary edge 19 of the seat 9. The transition between the edge 19 and the support shoulder 17 is realized in such a way that the projectile shoe 5 merges continuously into the projectile 3 without any steps or protrusions.

In the area of the transition from the projectile base 13 to the sacrificial section 15 or in the projectile base 13, a recess 21 is made on the outside, which is designed to effect an at least partial separation of the sacrificial section 15 from the projectile base 13 when the projectile 3 hits a standard target. For the purposes of the present invention, in particular the separation of the sacrificial section 15 from the projectile base 13, the following design criteria apply in particular for the design of the recess 21: the recess 21 should in principle be as pointed as possible, as deep as possible and as thin as possible, there should be a sufficient distance between the recess flanks defining the recess 21 so that a reliable separation of the sacrificial section 15 is ensured. The depressions 21 according to the exemplary embodiments are positioned and / or dimensioned in such a way that when the projectile 3 strikes a target, the depression 21 prevents shock waves from propagating from the sacrificial section 15 into the projectile base 13. Furthermore, it can be provided that when the projectile 3 strikes the target, the recess 21 functions as a crack depression in order to prevent cracks introduced into the sacrificial section 15 from spreading into the projectile base 13. In addition, it can be provided that when the projectile 3 strikes the target, the recess 21 prevents impulse transmission from the sacrificial section 15 into the projectile base 13, at least some of the impulses being reflected into the sacrificial section. The exemplary depressions 21 in the figures have in common that a respective transition of an adjacent projectile base jacket 35 or sacrificial section jacket 37 is realized by a profile jump or a respective edge 39, 41.

In the Figures 1 to 4 exemplary embodiments of recesses 21 are shown, wherein Figure 2 a detailed view according to the section II in Figure 1 represents. The depressions 21 can have the exemplary features mentioned in the preceding description of exemplary embodiments of the invention and / or be designed in accordance with the exemplary depressions mentioned in the preceding description of exemplary embodiments of the invention. The depressions 21 can be made in the projectile 3 by turning. For example, the depressions 21 in the figures are designed to be circumferential. In general, the depressions 21 have two depression flanks 23, 25 facing one another, namely a rear-side or projectile base-side depression flank 23 and a front / bow-side or victim section-side depression flank 25. The depressions 21 according to FIGS Figures 1 to 3 are realized as tapering notches; the recess 21 according to Figure 4 as a blind hole-like hole. The depression flanks 23, 25 open into a depression base 27 connecting the flanks 23, 25. At least one profile step 29 is provided on the depression base 27. For example, form the notches 21 in the Figures 1 to 3 each a single profile step 29 and the blind hole-like drilling 21 in the Figure 4 two profile jumps 29, 31. In an exemplary embodiment, the recess base 27 or the profile jumps 29, 31 has / have a radius of less than 0.8 mm.

The notch 21 according to Figures 1 and 2 is characterized in that the bow-side depression flank 23 is oriented essentially orthogonally to the direction of flight or the longitudinal axis of the projectile. An opening angle α between the recess flanks 23, 25 is, for example, in the range from 10 ° to 20 °.

The tapered notch 21 in Figure 3 differs from the notch 21 of the Figures 1 and 2 essentially by its orientation with respect to the longitudinal axis of the projectile: the notch 21 in Figure 3 is namely inclined with respect to the longitudinal axis of the projectile in the direction of the projectile tail 33, which faces the bottom 11 of the projectile shoe 5. This is expressed in that the recess flank 23 on the victim section has an angle β of less than 90 °, in particular less than 80 ° or 70 °, with respect to a longitudinal axis pointing from the victim section 15 in the direction of the projectile base 13, and the recess flank 25 on the projectile base has an angle δ of more than 90 °, in particular of more than 100 ° or 110 °, with respect to a lateral surface 35 adjoining the recess 21. The inclination of the recess 21 has the effect, among other things, that when the sacrificial section 15 is separated from the projectile base 13 as a result of the projectile 3 hitting a target, the projectile base 13 is increasingly tapered in a defined manner so that the remaining projectile base 13 has a torpedo or arrow-like shape , which achieves an improved penetration performance.

The blind hole-like recess 21 from Figure 4 is designed such that the victim section-side and the projectile base-side recess flanks 23, 25 are oriented essentially parallel to one another. Furthermore, the recess flanks are oriented essentially orthogonally to the direction of flight F or the longitudinal axis of the projectile.

Based on Figures 5 to 10 alternative embodiments of ammunition 1 according to the invention or projectiles 3 according to the invention are described. The same or similar components are provided with the same or similar reference numbers. In order to avoid repetition, the description of the exemplary embodiments is essentially limited to that which differs from the explanations in FIG Figures 1 to 4 resulting differences.

In Figure 5 a further embodiment of ammunition 1 according to the invention is shown, while in Figure 6 a side view of the projectile 3 of the ammunition 1 Figure 5 is shown. In the Figures 5 and 6 it is an AP ammunition 1. The execution of the ammunition 1 or the projectile 3 according to Figures 5 and 6 differs from the embodiment according to Figure 1 essentially in that the projectile 3 essentially completely occupies the guide shoe cavity 7. The projectile 3 is still held non-positively and / or positively in the projectile shoe 5. Furthermore, the support shoulder 17 is curved in a concave manner. Furthermore, the edge 19 of the seat 9, which has a complementary shape with respect to the support shoulder 17, is also curved, namely convexly curved. The sacrificial section jacket 37 in the Figures 5 and 6 is significantly more steeply inclined with respect to the longitudinal direction of the projectile than the sacrificial section jacket 37 according to FIG Figure 1 .

The ammunition 1 of the Figures 7 and 8 concerns an AP ammunition or an API ammunition shown. The execution of the ammunition 1 and the associated projectile 3 according to the Figures 7 and 8 differs from the preceding explanations essentially in that two recesses 21 arranged at a distance from one another are made in the projectile 3. The depressions 21 are positioned approximately at 1/3 or 2/3 of the longitudinal extension of the projectile 3. Furthermore, the recesses 21 are essentially shaped identically, it also being conceivable to dimension them differently.

Furthermore, the projectile 3 differs from the projectile 3 of the previous embodiments, among other things, in that no support shoulder 17 is formed, but the sacrificial section 15 at the bow side of the bow-side recess 21 extends essentially cylindrically until the sacrificial section 15 is essentially ogive-shaped Structure passes.

In contrast to the previous embodiments, the guide shoe is formed in two parts and comprises a rear guide shoe section encompassing the seat 9 and a bow section 45 surrounding the sacrificial section 13, which directly adjoins and contacts the seat 9.

With its front edge 19 inclined with respect to the flight direction F or the projectile longitudinal axis, the seat 9 contacts a complementarily shaped and / or inclined edge 46 of the bow section 45. The edges 19 and 46 accordingly overlap each other transversely to the projectile longitudinal axis. Furthermore, the bow section 45 of the guide shoe 5 is closed on the bow side and, together with the seat 9, completely encapsulates the projectile 3. The projectile 3 is therefore completely encased.

In the further exemplary embodiment of the ammunition 1 according to the invention Figures 9 and 10 , in which an AP ammunition 1 is shown, it is at the same time full jacketed bullet ammunition 1. Instead of the guide shoe 5, the ammunition has full jacketed bullet ammunition 1 Figure 9 a jacket 47 closed at the front and open at the rear, which has a substantially constant wall thickness. In the area of a bow-side ammunition tip 49, the jacket 47 has a significantly larger wall thickness.

The jacket 47 surrounds a two-part core: a projectile 3 according to the invention is arranged on the front or bow side and a further core 51 at the rear, which defines an opening 53 on the bow side, into which the projectile 3, in particular the projectile base 13, is pressed. The recess 53 of the core 51 is delimited by a circumferential opening wall 55 which is essentially U-shaped, the legs of which extend from the projectile tail 33 in the direction of the front up to the transition between the projectile base 13 and the sacrificial section 15. In the area of the transition between the projectile base 13 and the sacrificial section 15, the projectile 3 expands and / or the jacket 47 narrows in such a way that the sacrificial section 15 rests on the jacket 47 with essentially flat contact. Furthermore, a circumferential depression 21 is arranged in the area of the transition, up to which the opening wall 55 of the rear core 51 extends. In the embodiment according to Figures 9 and 10 the circumferential recess 21 is positioned essentially at 1/4 to 1/5 of the total longitudinal extension of the projectile 3.

The features disclosed in the above description, the figures and the claims can be important both individually and in any combination for realizing the invention in the various configurations.

List of reference symbols

1

ammunition

3

projectile

5

Projectile shoe

7th

cavity

9

Seat

11

ground

13th

Projectile base

15th

Sacrificial section

17th

Support shoulder

19th

edge

21

deepening

23, 25

Recess flank

27

Reason for specialization

29, 31

Profile jump

33

Profile rear

35

Projectile base coat

37

Sacrificial section coat

39.41

Edge

45

Bow section

46

edge

47

coat

49

Ammunition tip

51

core

53

opening

55

Opening wall

F.

Flight direction

α

Opening angle

β

Angle between the side of the recess on the side of the victim section and the longitudinal axis

δ

Angle between the recess flank on the projectile base side and the adjacent lateral surface

Claims (17)

Projectile (3), in particular penetrator, preferably with a caliber of less than 40 mm, for ammunition (1), comprising a bow-side, in particular ogive-shaped, sacrificial section (15) and an adjoining projectile base (13), with a transition between the projectile base (13) and the bow-side sacrificial section (15) and / or the projectile base (13) is notched on the outside in such a way that upon impact with a standard target, the sacrificial section (15) is at least partially separated from the projectile base (13). Projectile (3) according to claim 1, wherein the sacrificial section (15) and the projectile base (13) are made from one piece, in particular by machining, such as turning, or by forming, in particular tensile compression forming, in particular deep drawing. Projectile (3), in particular penetrator, preferably with a caliber of less than 40 mm, for ammunition (1), in particular according to Claim 1 or 2, comprising a bow-side, in particular ogive-shaped, sacrificial section (15) and an adjoining projectile base (13) wherein a circumferential recess (21) is formed at the transition between the sacrificial section (15) and the projectile base (13) and / or on the projectile base (13), the two opposite recess flanks (23, 25) and one the recess flanks (23, 25) has connecting recess base (27), at least one profile step (29, 31) being provided on the recess base (27). Projectile (3) according to claim 3, wherein the recess (21) is realized as a tapering notch which has a sharp-edged notch base with a radius of less than 0.8 mm, in particular less than 0.7 mm, 0.6 mm, 0 , 5 mm or less than 0.4 mm, and in particular greater than 0.05 mm. Projectile (3) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein a recess or notch depth starting from a jacket surface of the sacrificial section (15) and / or from a jacket surface of the projectile base (13) in the range of 5% to 50%, in particular in the range of 7.5% to 40%, 9% to 30% or in the range from 10% to 25%, of a caliber diameter. Projectile (3) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the recess (21) or the notch has an opening angle (a) in the range from 5 ° to 50 °, in particular in the range from 7.5 ° to 45 ° or in the range of 10 ° to 40 °, wherein in particular the recess (21) or the notch has two circumferential recess or notch flanks opening into a common recess or notch base and the recess or notch flanks at an angle in the range of 5 ° to 50 °, in particular in the range from 7.5 ° to 45 ° or in the range from 10 ° to 40 °, are angled to one another. Projectile (3), in particular penetrator, preferably with a caliber of less than 40 mm, for ammunition (1), in particular according to one of the preceding claims, comprising a bow-side, in particular ogive-shaped, sacrificial section (15) and an adjoining projectile base (13) wherein at the transition between the sacrificial section (15) and the projectile base (13) and / or on the projectile base (13) a circumferential recess (21) is formed which is inclined with respect to the longitudinal direction of the projectile in the direction of the projectile tail (33). Projectile (3) according to claim 7, wherein the depression (21) has two opposite depression flanks (23, 25) and one depression flank, preferably the depression flank on the victim section, with respect to a longitudinal axis pointing from the sacrificial section (15) in the direction of the projectile base (13) at an angle of has less than 90 ° and the other recess flank, preferably the recess flank on the projectile base side, has an angle of more than 90 ° with respect to a lateral surface of the projectile base (13) adjoining the recess (21). Projectile (3) according to claim 7 or 8, wherein the recess (21) is inclined in such a way that after separation of the sacrificial section (15) from the projectile base (13) the projectile base (13) essentially has a torpedo or arrow shape, in particular itself tapered at the bow. Projectile (3) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the recess (21) or the notch has two circumferential recess or notch flanks opening into a common recess or notch base and the projectile base-side recess or notch flank is at least partially convexly curved . Projectile (3) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the recess (21) has two circumferential recess or notch flanks opening into a common recess or notch base, the recess or notch flanks at the radial level of a lateral surface of the sacrificial section ( 15) and / or a lateral surface of the projectile base (13) have a distance from one another of at least 2 mm, measured in the longitudinal direction of the projectile. Projectile (3) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the notch or the recess (21) is positioned approximately centrally with respect to a total longitudinal extension of the projectile (3). Projectile (3) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the notch or the recess (21) is located at a transition between the projectile base (13) and the sacrificial section (15) at which there is an increase in diameter from the projectile base (13) towards the sacrificial section ( 15) goes hand in hand, in particular with the formation of a step-shaped or continuously increasing paragraph. Projectile (3) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein at least two notches or depressions (21) are in particular evenly distributed along the entire longitudinal extent of the projectile (3), wherein in particular the at least two notches or depressions (21) are of identical shape. Projectile (3) according to one of the preceding claims, which is made of metal such as steel, iron, hardened steel, hard metal or tungsten. Projectile (3) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the notch or recess (21) is positioned and / or dimensioned such that when the projectile (3) strikes a target, the notch or recess (21) spreads out of shock waves from the sacrificial section (15) into the projectile base (13), and / or that when the projectile (3) strikes a target, the notch or depression, which in particular functions as a crack sink, prevents spreading into the sacrificial section ( 15) prevents cracks initiated in the projectile base (13), and / or that when the projectile (3) hits a target, the notch or recess (21) prevents impulse transmission from the sacrificial section (15) into the projectile base (13) , in particular the pulses reflected in the sacrificial section (15). Ammunition (1), preferably with a caliber of less than 40 mm, comprising a projectile shoe (5) and a projectile (3) designed according to one of the preceding claims, preferably pressed into the projectile shoe (5).

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