EP1664662A1

EP1664662A1 - Piercing projectile

Info

Publication number: EP1664662A1
Application number: EP03818607A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Markus Conrad
Original assignee: RUAG Land Systems AG
Current assignee: Saab Bofors Dynamics Switzerland Ltd
Priority date: 2003-09-17
Filing date: 2003-09-17
Publication date: 2006-06-07
Anticipated expiration: 2023-09-17
Also published as: AU2003258449A1; DE50312555D1; EP1664662B1; WO2005026652A1

Abstract

The invention relates to a method and to a device for penetrating walls, barricades and light armour, based on the selection of suitable tips (4) arranged on a piercing core (2). The tips (4) are introduced into the piercing core (2) and/or replaced, according to the ductability of the target. The explosive charge (15) in the piercing core (2) is ignited after the target is penetrated in order to obtain maximum effect based on damming arising in the target and producing man holes in hard targets according to appropriate selection. The inventive object can be used tactically with minimal collateral damage.

Description

Punch basement

The present invention relates to a method according to the preamble of patent claim 1 and to an apparatus according to claim 3.

A so-called blasting arrow is known from WO-A-01/98728. This penetrates, self-propelled, with speeds in the subsonic area, buildings and is then delayed, for example, inside the building or behind Barrikkaden delayed. Also described is a non-lethal variant of a core through which the stored in the core amount of explosives only serves for its decomposition, so that more stored substances can escape, such as capsaicin example, tear gas, etc. Advantageous is the small building damage resulting from the penetration of the projectile.

Disadvantages are, depending on the tactical use, often too small openings in the structure for further intervention and the limitation of the projectile to a narrow selection of platforms (launchers).

A specific development of a projectile with a ballistic hood is described in the PCT application PCT / IB03 / 01139. The projectile is designed for speeds of less than 600 m / s. The igniter arranged in the sub-caliber punch-through core is set to delay times of 1.2 ms to 3.4 ms, so that the ignition of the explosive charge takes place in the masonry, resulting in large breakthroughs. To achieve an appropriate dam and mass distribution is a very massive and provided about a third of the length extending tip. The effect of this projectile in concrete and masonry is very good: it creates manholes that allow further tactical operations at the finish.

A disadvantage is the limitation of the weapon on platforms with large caliber, without the ability to use the given cross-section or the existing volume for transporting the explosive. Use of the projectile against slightly armored targets, especially ductile targets, has little effect; the penetration behavior of the core is poor, the effect of the explosive charge can develop only to a small extent at the target itself.

It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide a method and a universally applicable projectile which accelerates with any means, in the

Target generates a hyperbolic breakthrough. The bullet should be easily adaptable to the presumptive target and the expected impact speed. In the goal, an optimal effect should be generated, d.i. the breakthroughs must be tactical enough

Have diameter, but still no intrusive collateral damage may arise. The floor should have a modular structure and be optimized without special knowledge, before its launch.

The projectile should be executable with either a ballistic hood, but may not be limited to a sub-caliber active part.

This object is achieved by the method features of claim 1 and by the projectile according to claim 3. The method according to the invention is based on the surprising finding that the shape of the tip of a breakdown core provided with an explosive charge is decisive for the effect in the target.

The method is based on the choice between two types of tips, which are suitable for fundamentally different objectives. As a guideline, hard targets are to penetrate a conical tip, advantageously a graduated cone and ductile targets with a flattened tip ,

The inventive choice of the tip leads, for example in walls of bricks or reinforced concrete to breakthroughs in the size of manholes. The same tip but can not penetrate a light armor made of steel or light metal. In contrast, in the same armor with a suitable tip a überkalibriger breakthrough.

In a further development, the optimum tip is inserted into the sheath of the breakdown core prior to the use of the projectile and fixed therein.

The execution of the projectile with a receptacle according to claim 3, for a replaceable tip is particularly advantageous, but this allows you to use the same bullet for the most diverse goals optimally. The appropriate recording also allows a replacement of the tip, if, for example, in tactical use new or different objectives to combat or penetrate. In dependent claims preferred developments of the subject matter of claim 3 are characterized.

Particularly easy is the insertion and replacement of a tip in a designed according to claim 4 recording.

A rear-side pin according to claim 5 allows, with a suitable choice of the fit with the recording, the construction of axially symmetric projectiles high accuracy. !

Manufacturing technology and kinematically favorable is a stepped pin according to claim 6.

A simple axial securing the pin by - one or more - pins, pins or bolts proves to be advantageous, see. Claim 7.

The inclusion of air gaps between the individual stages of the pin, claim 8, helps to distribute deformation energy, without the shell of the puncture core bulging prematurely massive.

The installation of the ignition device according to claim 11 reduces the action of shock waves at the launch and in the target, so that the system security of the ignition process is increased.

Also advantageous is the installation of a Dämmscheibe according to claim 12, which minimizes the risk of self-ignition of the explosive upon impact of the projectile in the target.

It has surprisingly been found that a punctiform tip with a radius of a few tenths of a millimeter in hard targets has a continuous "crack path". acts: The penetration core can thereby easily penetrate; see claim 13.

The embodiment according to claim 14, having a surface orthogonal to the axis and a taper tapering in the rear, is very suitable for "soft targets" such as light armor, etc.

If a tip is formed in the manner of a stud, it can be completely screwed into the sheath of the punch-through core. Their slight return displacement relative to the face of the shell results in the goal of the effect of a "punch" and thus an increased penetration effect in soft targets. See claim 15.

In hard targets such as concrete or brick walls, the angular range specified in claim 16 is favorable for a tip, wherein the conical surface need not be smooth; It can also be formed from individual, expiring to tip flat segments. As a result, shredded material can escape radially in the target, without the subsequent jacket being hindered.

As a particularly advantageous and optimal in a wide range of applications is a tip according to claim 17.

The material data according to claim 18 have been proven in practice.

The ignition device may also be fixed on both sides according to claim 19; However, the interposition of elastomeric films is recommended so that thermal expansion is compensated and the transmission of vibrations is reduced. The centrally arranged in the axis of the projectile firing chain according to claim 20 also bears high launch accelerations, as they occur for example in mortars and cannons.

A weapons designer can adapt the projectile to almost any imaginable system. The only system-related limit is the smallest caliber, but in practice in a caliber of less than 25 mm, it is not possible to accommodate enough explosive with sufficient insulation.

Hereinafter, embodiments of the invention realized with reference to drawings will be explained in more detail. In all figures, like reference numerals are used for the same functional parts.

Show it:

1 is a projectile, like a bazooka, for generating breakthroughs with Durchschlagskern, ballistic hood, drive and tail,

2 is an enlarged sectional view of the punching core of FIG. 1,

3 a tip with double cone and rear-side thread,

4 is a flattened tip, based on a slightly tapering towards the rear side truncated cone with rear-side thread,

Fig. 5a shows a variant of a flattened tip with external thread in longitudinal view. 5b, the tip Fig. 5a from the front, with its mounting groove,

6 shows a variant of a tip with a double cone and rear-side stepped pin with axial securing,

7 is an enlarged view of a variant of an apparent in Fig. 2 ignition chain,

Fig. 8a a Durchschlagskern with screwed-on sabot, for firing by means of cannons and

Fig. 8b the breakdown core Fig. 8a from the front, with its divided propellant mirrors.

In FIG. 1, 1 denotes a projectile, which in its basic configuration is known as a bazooka. A penetration core 2 with a tip 4, 4 ', 4 "is connected via a threaded bushing 11 to an adapter 20, which carries a support 21 with end-side joints 22 for a tail unit 23. On the penetration core 2 sits a support and centering ring 28, which carries a ballistic hood 17, 19. The front part of the hood 17 is closed off by a closure cap 18. A cavity H. located in the punching core 2 is indicated.

The projectile 1 has the same outdoor ballistics as a conventional bazooka and can therefore be launched from the same platform in the same way. Characteristic here are the outer caliber of 70 mm and that of the core 2 of 37 mm.

The enlarged view of the breakdown core 2 in FIG. 2 shows in particular the details in the cavity H in FIG Sectional view. In a jacket M, the essential functional parts of the projectile are housed in different stepped cavities. The jacket M has a minimum thickness of 3 mm; The material used is commercially available tool steel, which is hardened after processing.

The tip 4 with its two cones 4 "and 4" and the flange-like shoulder 6 is screwed non-positively into the thread 3 'of a receptacle 3. The tip 4 ends punctiform in p. Behind this tip there is also a two-piece insulating disk 26, which is likewise screwed into the thread 3 'and adjoined by a richly fitting explosive charge 15 (high-performance explosive PBX N110).

On the tail side, a threaded bushing 11 is inserted into the penetration core 2, which closes off an air space A in which a detonator 12 extends cantilevered. At the front end of the ignition device 12 is a flange 27 with blind holes in which a firing chain 13a, 13b is located, wherein the firing amplifier 13b via a further chain link 14 with the explosive charge 15 is in operative connection. Symbolically represented is the position of the primer ZK (detonator).

Ignition device 12 is commercially available (Zaugg Elektronik AG, Wassergasse 12, CH-4573 Lohn-Ammannsegg, Piezo Fuze Sytem type PEPZ-05). The delay time of the autonomous ignition device is set so that at a given airspeed of the projectile 1, this after the impact on the target with a time delay ignites such that a maximum dam of the breakdown core 2 takes place in the region of its explosive charge 15. In Figure 3, the tip 4 shown in Figs. 1 and 2 is shown enlarged. It can be seen in addition to the fine thread 5, the two cone angle αl and α2.

Tl denotes a target which consists of reinforced concrete and onto which the tip 4 with its optimally adjusted angles αl and α2 passes. In the present case αl = 33 ° and α2 = 17 °. The direction of flight of the tip 4 is indicated by an arrow.

Experiments show that the above configuration penetrates perfectly into a wall of bricks even at an angle of incidence of 40 ° and generates a manhole by an ignition delay of 1.5 ms, at an impact speed at the target of about 180 m / s.

The double cone shown breaks ("splits") the wall with the top point p, Fig. 1, crushes the masonry with its front cone, whereupon the cleared material flows with little resistance on the rear cone. This considerably reduces the friction on the jacket M of the breakdown core 2 and explains the excellent penetration behavior.

Similarly, the target T2, a light reinforcement consisting of a metal plate, a layer of wood and a plastic plate through the tip 4, Fig. 4, applied. Here, a truncated cone 4a tapering toward the rear side can be seen, which is delimited by an orthogonal surface 4 "'- a flattened tip - The angle α3 is 3 °. The same target T2 is shown in FIGS. 5a and 5b acted upon by a similarly acting tip 4 - a threaded pin with an end chamfer 9 and a mounting groove 8.

If the tip 4 according to FIGS. 5a and 5b is screwed into the penetration core 2 so far that its end face 6 ', cf. Fig. 6, protrudes, results in an improved breakdown performance for ductile targets on the type of T2.

For thin armor, such as light metal plates of a few centimeters thick, it is advisable to set the ignition delay shorter so that the plate acts like a dam on the explosives stored in the breakdown core, which increases the drilling performance of the projectile considerably. Also, predetermined breaking points in the shell M could locally optimize the fragmentation effect. It is also recommended to reduce the friction on the jacket M by tapering it towards the rear (by about 2 mm).

FIG. 6 shows a further embodiment of a tip 4. The protruding from the punch core 2 part of the tip 4 is identical to that in Fig. 3; but instead of a threaded pin this has a stepped pin 3a '. The receptacle 3 is adapted to the step pin; In the axial direction are, between the stages of the tip 4 and the receptacle 3, air gaps a which serve as displacement paths during impact and prevent bulging of the breakdown core 2 in this area.

In addition, a radial pin 10 can be seen, which secures the tip axially in the penetration core 2. The embodiment of FIG. 6 can be varied in several variants, for example, the cylindrical bore 3 a can be longer and it can be dispensed with further stages. This results in a single, compared to the representation in Fig. 6 extended pin 7. Likewise, several mutually staggered pins or cotter pins replace the bolt 10.

The ignition chain shown in Figure 7 shows: The primer ZK, in a support flange 29 pressed explosives 13, and subsequent explosives 14 and 15. This firing chain endures very high firing accelerations, without affecting their function. In this drawing also the stepped cavities H, H ', H "are clearly visible The radius at point p (Fig. 2 and Fig. 8, respectively) is 0.4 mm The optimum range is 0.3 to 0.8 mm for concrete or masonry targets.

FIG. 8a shows a breakdown core 2 suitable for firing in cannons. On screwed on the jacket thread grooves 25 (round thread) a three-piece sabot 24 is screwed. See Fig. 8b with the elements 24 'and the point p of the top 4th

The use of a subcaliber projectile by means of a sabot 24 is known per se; after leaving the tube, the sabot elements 24 'break apart, the breakdown core 2 flies with high energy into the target.

Numerous experiments have revealed the following findings: In concrete, brick and armor made of glass, a manhole can be created with a conical tip.

In brick masonry of 50 cm thickness, e.g. Create holes from a diameter up to one meter. This at an impact speed in the target of 230 m / s and blast angles up to 30 °.

In light metal and steel armor arise with flattened tips over-caliber passages, in addition, the surrounding supporting structures is weakened.

For example, it was possible to pierce light metal armor of 7.5 cm thickness up to an impact angle of 30 ° with the bullet shown above. On the one hand, the detonated explosives broadened the passage and on the other hand caused a large pressure wave behind the armor, which would put people out there incapacitated.

In barricades of wood, sand, earth, etc., massive weakenings are created, which can then be broken up with conventional weapons.

The subject invention could also be adapted to very large caliber, for example, to missile systems. The penetration core can be of any size, provided it has a sufficiently high kinetic energy (drive); A ballistic dome is only necessary if the system is to have the same or similar external ballistics as already introduced. Also combinations with other floors or parts thereof are conceivable, which follow in steps the first breakthrough achieved. List of drawings

Bazooka (bullet) Bore Core 'Internal Thread' Cylindrical Bore 'Stepped Tine Tip', 4 "Pointed Cone Tip '' orthogonal face / flattened Spitzea conical tip (α3) / truncated cone external thread (fine thread) flanged shoulder 'annular end face tenon mounting groove chamfering 0 cotter pin , Bolzen1 Adapter bushing2 Ignition device3a, 13b, 14 Ignition chain / explosives5 Explosive charge6 Centering sleeve7 Ballistic hood (front part) 18 sealing cap (end closure of 17)

19 ballistic hood (tail section)

20 adapter of tail

21 Supports for tail unit 22 Joints for tail unit

23 tail

24 sabot 24 'segments of 24

25 round threads (thread grooves tapering)

26 insulating disc (two-part)

27 flange

28 Support and centering ring for hood 17,19

29 carrier flange for 13

a Air distance

A airspace / column H - H "cavities in 2

M coat of 2 p point (top)

Tl hard goal

T2 ductile target

ZK primer (detonator) αl-α3 cone angle

Claims

Patent claims

1. A method for creating openings in targets such as walls, light armor made of steel, light metal, ceramic, glass, barricades of sand and / or wood and / or earth and the like., Wherein the projectile has a breakdown core with at least one axial cavity, in which an explosive charge and an ignition device are provided with a time delay, and wherein the time delay is set to initiate the explosive charge inside the target, characterized in that the tip of the core core is adapted to the presumptive target, brick walls or concrete, armor made of glass and / or ceramic and barricades, a conical tip and for light armor made of ductile materials such as steel or light metal a flattened top is chosen.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the tip is inserted and fixed in the jacket of the breakdown core before the use of the projectile.

3. projectile for creating breakthroughs in targets such as walls, light armor made of steel, light metal, ceramics, glass, barricades of sand and / or wood and / or earth and the like, the projectile having a penetration core with at least one axial cavity, in which an explosive charge and an ignition device with a time delay provided and wherein the time delay is set such that it initiates the explosive charge inside the target, characterized in that the penetrating core (2) is designed with a receptacle (3) for an exchangeable tip (4) such that the tip ( 4) of the coring core (2) used is adapted to the presumptive target (T), for walls of brick or concrete, armor of glass and / or ceramic and barricades, a conical tip (4) and for light armor made of ductile materials such as steel or light alloy a flattened tip (4 "') is inserted.

4. Projectile according to claim 3, characterized in that the tip (4) has a bolt thread (5) on the rear, which in a receptacle (3) with internal thread (3 ') in the front cavity (H) of the core sheath (M), screwed and that the tip (4) has on the rear side a flange-like shoulder (6) which rests on the annular end face (6 ') of the cavity (H) under pressure.

5. Projectile according to claim 3, characterized in that the tip (4) has on the rear side a pin (7) which is fittingly inserted into a receptacle (3) with a cylindrical bore (3a) and that the tip (4) has a rear side has flange-like shoulder (6) which rests on the annular end face (6 ') of the cavity (H).

6. Projectile according to claim 3, characterized in that the tip (4) has on the rear side a stepped pin (3a '), which fits radially into a. (3) is inserted with cylindrical bores and that the tip (4) has on the rear side a flange-like shoulder (6) which rests on the annular end face (6 ') of the cavity (H).

7. Projectile according to one of claims 5 or 6, characterized in that the pin (3a) is secured axially at the rear by at least one pin or cotter pins (10).

8. Projectile according to claim 6, characterized in that the spacings of the steps (3a ') in the receptacle (3) are selected such that between these individual steps (3a ¹ ) and the steps in the receptacle (3) an air gap ( a).

9. Projectile according to claim 3, characterized in that the axial cavity (H) has areas (H ', H ") of different diameters.

10. Projectile according to claim 9, characterized in that the cavity (H) is tubular and that the rear side a threaded bushing (11) is screwed, which closes an air space (A), in which the ignition device (12) axially movable on the rear side is stored.

11. Projectile according to claim 9, characterized in that the ignition device (12) to a detonating chain (13a, 13b, 14) is connected, whose last member is in mechanical contact with the explosive charge (15).

12. Projectile according to claim 4, characterized in that in the front region an insulating disc (26) with an external thread in the internal thread (3 ') of the cavity (H) is screwed and this frontside tiger boundary and support for the explosive charge (15) is.

13. Penetration projectile according to one of claims 3 to 6, characterized in that the inserted tip (4 ") ends in a point (p).

14. Projectile according to one of claims 3 to 6, characterized in that the inserted tip (4) is conical (4a, α3) and ends in a plane lying orthogonal to the axis of the projectile (4 "').

15. Projectile according to one of claims 3 to 6, characterized in that the inserted tip (4) is a cylinder and that its front end face (4 "') relative to the end face of the shell (M) of the projectile (2) is set back.

16. Projectile according to one of claims 4 or 6, characterized in that the inserted tip (4) has a cone angle (αl) of 20 ° to 36 °.

17. Projectile according to one of claims 4 or 6, characterized in that the inserted tip (4) is a double cone whose tip angle (αl) in the range of 20 ° to 36 ° and whose base angle (α2) in the range of 8 ° to 25 °.

18. Projectile according to one of claims 3 to 17, characterized in that the penetration core (2) has a caliber of at least 25 mm, preferably of 37 mm, that the jacket (M) of a hardened tool steel having a hardness of 500 to 650 HV 30 and that the tip (4 - 4 "') consists of a hardened tool steel with a hardness of at least 400 HV 30.

19. Projectile according to claim 3, characterized in that the ignition device (12) in the cavity (H) of the breakdown core (2) at the rear, between two flanges (11, 27) is fixed.

20. A projectile according to claim 19, characterized in that a central bore is provided in the front flange (27) through which a firing amplifier (13a) of a firing chain (13a, 13b, 14) protrudes.