EP3476832B1 - Cationic lipid - Google Patents
Cationic lipid Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP3476832B1 EP3476832B1 EP17815482.9A EP17815482A EP3476832B1 EP 3476832 B1 EP3476832 B1 EP 3476832B1 EP 17815482 A EP17815482 A EP 17815482A EP 3476832 B1 EP3476832 B1 EP 3476832B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- mmol
- lipid
- cationic lipid
- compound
- composition
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- -1 Cationic lipid Chemical class 0.000 title claims description 307
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 256
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 243
- 150000002632 lipids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 171
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 69
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 68
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 63
- 108020004707 nucleic acids Proteins 0.000 claims description 55
- 102000039446 nucleic acids Human genes 0.000 claims description 55
- 150000007523 nucleic acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 55
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 44
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims description 38
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 claims description 25
- 229930182558 Sterol Chemical class 0.000 claims description 24
- 150000003432 sterols Chemical class 0.000 claims description 24
- 235000003702 sterols Nutrition 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 22
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000003495 polar organic solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 125000003342 alkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 125000002947 alkylene group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dichloromethane Chemical compound ClCCl YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 135
- HEDRZPFGACZZDS-MICDWDOJSA-N Trichloro(2H)methane Chemical compound [2H]C(Cl)(Cl)Cl HEDRZPFGACZZDS-MICDWDOJSA-N 0.000 description 120
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 110
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 100
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 98
- 238000005160 1H NMR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 83
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 77
- VHYFNPMBLIVWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-Dimethylaminopyridine Chemical compound CN(C)C1=CC=NC=C1 VHYFNPMBLIVWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 69
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 61
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 54
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 51
- 108020004459 Small interfering RNA Proteins 0.000 description 49
- IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Heptane Chemical compound CCCCCCC IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 48
- 239000004055 small Interfering RNA Substances 0.000 description 48
- 230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 description 45
- CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L Magnesium sulfate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-][S+2]([O-])([O-])[O-] CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 44
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 40
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 38
- 235000019439 ethyl acetate Nutrition 0.000 description 37
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 37
- LMDZBCPBFSXMTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide Chemical compound CCN=C=NCCCN(C)C LMDZBCPBFSXMTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 36
- IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-WFGJKAKNSA-N Dimethyl sulfoxide Chemical compound [2H]C([2H])([2H])S(=O)C([2H])([2H])[2H] IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-WFGJKAKNSA-N 0.000 description 36
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 36
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 36
- 229960000549 4-dimethylaminophenol Drugs 0.000 description 34
- 108020004999 messenger RNA Proteins 0.000 description 29
- 108010023321 Factor VII Proteins 0.000 description 28
- 102100023804 Coagulation factor VII Human genes 0.000 description 27
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 27
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 27
- JGFZNNIVVJXRND-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Diisopropylethylamine (DIPEA) Chemical compound CCN(C(C)C)C(C)C JGFZNNIVVJXRND-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 26
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 description 24
- 238000005538 encapsulation Methods 0.000 description 24
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 24
- 238000010898 silica gel chromatography Methods 0.000 description 24
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 23
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 22
- 229910052943 magnesium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 22
- 235000019341 magnesium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 22
- 239000012044 organic layer Substances 0.000 description 20
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 19
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
- DTQVDTLACAAQTR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trifluoroacetic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(F)(F)F DTQVDTLACAAQTR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 18
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 17
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 16
- WVDDGKGOMKODPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzyl alcohol Chemical compound OCC1=CC=CC=C1 WVDDGKGOMKODPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- 210000000805 cytoplasm Anatomy 0.000 description 15
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 15
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 14
- 210000002381 plasma Anatomy 0.000 description 13
- 229910000104 sodium hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 13
- 101000987586 Homo sapiens Eosinophil peroxidase Proteins 0.000 description 12
- 101000920686 Homo sapiens Erythropoietin Proteins 0.000 description 12
- KEAYESYHFKHZAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sodium Chemical compound [Na] KEAYESYHFKHZAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium bicarbonate Chemical class [Na+].OC([O-])=O UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 12
- 102000044890 human EPO Human genes 0.000 description 12
- 239000012312 sodium hydride Substances 0.000 description 12
- FVAUCKIRQBBSSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium iodide Chemical compound [Na+].[I-] FVAUCKIRQBBSSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 12
- 239000012453 solvate Substances 0.000 description 12
- XDTMQSROBMDMFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyclohexane Chemical compound C1CCCCC1 XDTMQSROBMDMFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 238000000502 dialysis Methods 0.000 description 11
- UKVIEHSSVKSQBA-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane;palladium Chemical compound C.[Pd] UKVIEHSSVKSQBA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 11
- HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chloroform Chemical compound ClC(Cl)Cl HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 241000699670 Mus sp. Species 0.000 description 10
- HVYWMOMLDIMFJA-DPAQBDIFSA-N cholesterol Chemical compound C1C=C2C[C@@H](O)CC[C@]2(C)[C@@H]2[C@@H]1[C@@H]1CC[C@H]([C@H](C)CCCC(C)C)[C@@]1(C)CC2 HVYWMOMLDIMFJA-DPAQBDIFSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 229940012413 factor vii Drugs 0.000 description 10
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 108010092408 Eosinophil Peroxidase Proteins 0.000 description 9
- 102100031939 Erythropoietin Human genes 0.000 description 9
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 210000004369 blood Anatomy 0.000 description 9
- 239000008280 blood Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 description 9
- OXCMYAYHXIHQOA-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium;[2-butyl-5-chloro-3-[[4-[2-(1,2,4-triaza-3-azanidacyclopenta-1,4-dien-5-yl)phenyl]phenyl]methyl]imidazol-4-yl]methanol Chemical compound [K+].CCCCC1=NC(Cl)=C(CO)N1CC1=CC=C(C=2C(=CC=CC=2)C2=N[N-]N=N2)C=C1 OXCMYAYHXIHQOA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N O-Xylene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1C CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000005886 esterification reaction Methods 0.000 description 8
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 8
- 239000008096 xylene Substances 0.000 description 8
- RYHBNJHYFVUHQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-Dioxane Chemical compound C1COCCO1 RYHBNJHYFVUHQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- NLUDEWJJEMHIIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-methylpiperidin-1-ium-4-carboxylic acid;chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].C[NH+]1CCC(C(O)=O)CC1 NLUDEWJJEMHIIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 108091034117 Oligonucleotide Proteins 0.000 description 7
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 7
- UWTDFICHZKXYAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N boron;oxolane Chemical compound [B].C1CCOC1 UWTDFICHZKXYAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 125000002091 cationic group Chemical group 0.000 description 7
- CLPHAYNBNTVRDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N ditert-butyl propanedioate Chemical class CC(C)(C)OC(=O)CC(=O)OC(C)(C)C CLPHAYNBNTVRDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 230000032050 esterification Effects 0.000 description 7
- 239000000706 filtrate Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 7
- ZRIVEULBLVCCSL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-pentyloctan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCCC(CCO)CCCCC ZRIVEULBLVCCSL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetonitrile Chemical compound CC#N WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia chloride Chemical class [NH4+].[Cl-] NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 6
- 150000001732 carboxylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 6
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000012043 crude product Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000010511 deprotection reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 6
- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Hexane Chemical compound CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000008194 pharmaceutical composition Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 108091032973 (ribonucleotides)n+m Proteins 0.000 description 5
- BDRYZUULNVGTMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9-[(1-methylpiperidine-4-carbonyl)oxymethyl]heptadecanedioic acid Chemical compound CN1CCC(CC1)C(=O)OCC(CCCCCCCC(=O)O)CCCCCCCC(=O)O BDRYZUULNVGTMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 108090000331 Firefly luciferases Proteins 0.000 description 5
- 239000002202 Polyethylene glycol Substances 0.000 description 5
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 235000019445 benzyl alcohol Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 238000005119 centrifugation Methods 0.000 description 5
- 235000012000 cholesterol Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 5
- IIEWJVIFRVWJOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl cyclohexane Natural products CCC1CCCCC1 IIEWJVIFRVWJOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000005457 ice water Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 5
- WTJKGGKOPKCXLL-RRHRGVEJSA-N phosphatidylcholine Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@H](COP([O-])(=O)OCC[N+](C)(C)C)OC(=O)CCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC WTJKGGKOPKCXLL-RRHRGVEJSA-N 0.000 description 5
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- NRJAVPSFFCBXDT-HUESYALOSA-N 1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@H](COP([O-])(=O)OCC[N+](C)(C)C)OC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC NRJAVPSFFCBXDT-HUESYALOSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-MZCSYVLQSA-N Deuterated methanol Chemical compound [2H]OC([2H])([2H])[2H] OKKJLVBELUTLKV-MZCSYVLQSA-N 0.000 description 4
- QOSSAOTZNIDXMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dicylcohexylcarbodiimide Chemical compound C1CCCCC1N=C=NC1CCCCC1 QOSSAOTZNIDXMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- MWRBNPKJOOWZPW-CLFAGFIQSA-N dioleoyl phosphatidylethanolamine Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(=O)OCC(COP(O)(=O)OCCN)OC(=O)CCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC MWRBNPKJOOWZPW-CLFAGFIQSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- WRIKHQLVHPKCJU-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium bis(trimethylsilyl)amide Chemical compound C[Si](C)(C)N([Na])[Si](C)(C)C WRIKHQLVHPKCJU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 235000009518 sodium iodide Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 230000001225 therapeutic effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- RYYWUUFWQRZTIU-UHFFFAOYSA-K thiophosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=S RYYWUUFWQRZTIU-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 4
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- SKIDNYUZJPMKFC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-iododecane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCI SKIDNYUZJPMKFC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- YZJOXKHVQXQQDT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 3-[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxypropyl-triphenylphosphanium;bromide Chemical compound [Br-].C=1C=CC=CC=1[P+](C=1C=CC=CC=1)(CCCO[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)C1=CC=CC=C1 YZJOXKHVQXQQDT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
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- ZSSFFWAJNCPULU-UHFFFAOYSA-N ditridecyl 5-[(1-methylpiperidine-4-carbonyl)oxymethyl]nonanedioate Chemical compound CN1CCC(CC1)C(=O)OCC(CCCC(=O)OCCCCCCCCCCCCC)CCCC(=O)OCCCCCCCCCCCCC ZSSFFWAJNCPULU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- BIABMEZBCHDPBV-MPQUPPDSSA-N 1,2-palmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1'-sn-glycerol) Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@H](COP(O)(=O)OC[C@@H](O)CO)OC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC BIABMEZBCHDPBV-MPQUPPDSSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- OZZGQNFXBUKPAX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(9-decoxy-9-oxononyl)dodecyl 1-methylpiperidine-4-carboxylate Chemical compound CN1CCC(CC1)C(=O)OCC(CCCCCCCCCC)CCCCCCCCC(=O)OCCCCCCCCCC OZZGQNFXBUKPAX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XELZOZLRERLMGW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(9-hexoxy-9-oxononyl)dodecyl 1-methylpiperidine-4-carboxylate Chemical compound CN1CCC(CC1)C(=O)OCC(CCCCCCCCCC)CCCCCCCCC(=O)OCCCCCC XELZOZLRERLMGW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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CN110283223B (zh) * | 2018-03-19 | 2022-01-04 | 广州市锐博生物科技有限公司 | 一种阳离子脂质分子及其在核酸递送中的应用 |
CN111164068B (zh) * | 2018-08-21 | 2023-11-14 | 株式会社东芝 | 生物降解性化合物、脂质粒子、含有脂质粒子的组合物、及试剂盒 |
US10526603B1 (en) | 2018-10-26 | 2020-01-07 | Eisai R&D Management Co., Ltd. | Double-stranded ribonucleic acid capable of suppressing expression of complement C5 |
JP6918197B2 (ja) * | 2019-12-26 | 2021-08-11 | エーザイ・アール・アンド・ディー・マネジメント株式会社 | 脂質複合体を含む医薬組成物及び脂質ナノ粒子を含む医薬組成物 |
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EP4019506A1 (en) | 2013-12-19 | 2022-06-29 | Novartis AG | Lipids and lipid compositions for the delivery of active agents |
TWI648067B (zh) * | 2014-01-09 | 2019-01-21 | 日商衛材R&D企管股份有限公司 | 陽離子性脂質 |
KR20170023004A (ko) * | 2014-06-30 | 2017-03-02 | 교와 핫꼬 기린 가부시키가이샤 | 양이온성 지질 |
TWI699354B (zh) | 2014-12-26 | 2020-07-21 | 日商衛材R&D企管股份有限公司 | 陽離子性脂質 |
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JPWO2017222016A1 (ja) | 2019-04-18 |
CN109311809B (zh) | 2022-04-08 |
IL262574B (en) | 2021-10-31 |
RU2018143237A3 (ja) | 2020-07-24 |
EP3476832A4 (en) | 2020-02-19 |
AU2017282459B2 (en) | 2021-05-06 |
KR102358341B1 (ko) | 2022-02-07 |
CN109311809A (zh) | 2019-02-05 |
US20190218180A1 (en) | 2019-07-18 |
AU2017282459A1 (en) | 2018-11-01 |
ES2948971T3 (es) | 2023-09-22 |
TW201803849A (zh) | 2018-02-01 |
RU2740921C2 (ru) | 2021-01-21 |
BR112018075123A2 (pt) | 2019-06-18 |
EP3476832A1 (en) | 2019-05-01 |
TWI745386B (zh) | 2021-11-11 |
RU2018143237A (ru) | 2020-07-24 |
MX2018015236A (es) | 2019-04-11 |
US10501416B2 (en) | 2019-12-10 |
IL262574A (en) | 2018-12-31 |
JP6883034B2 (ja) | 2021-06-02 |
WO2017222016A1 (ja) | 2017-12-28 |
CA3020271A1 (en) | 2017-12-28 |
KR20190021218A (ko) | 2019-03-05 |
SG11201808928YA (en) | 2018-11-29 |
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