EP3469657B1 - Breitbanddrahtantenne mit widerstandsmustern mit variablem widerstand - Google Patents

Breitbanddrahtantenne mit widerstandsmustern mit variablem widerstand Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3469657B1
EP3469657B1 EP17731504.1A EP17731504A EP3469657B1 EP 3469657 B1 EP3469657 B1 EP 3469657B1 EP 17731504 A EP17731504 A EP 17731504A EP 3469657 B1 EP3469657 B1 EP 3469657B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
resistive
patterns
antenna
sets
layer
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP3469657A1 (de
Inventor
Stéphane Mallegol
Michel Jousset
Pierre BELEC
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Thales SA
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Thales SA
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q17/00—Devices for absorbing waves radiated from an antenna; Combinations of such devices with active antenna elements or systems
    • H01Q17/008—Devices for absorbing waves radiated from an antenna; Combinations of such devices with active antenna elements or systems with a particular shape
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q11/00—Electrically-long antennas having dimensions more than twice the shortest operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q11/02—Non-resonant antennas, e.g. travelling-wave antenna
    • H01Q11/10—Logperiodic antennas
    • H01Q11/105—Logperiodic antennas using a dielectric support
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q17/00—Devices for absorbing waves radiated from an antenna; Combinations of such devices with active antenna elements or systems
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
    • H01Q9/16—Resonant antennas with feed intermediate between the extremities of the antenna, e.g. centre-fed dipole
    • H01Q9/26—Resonant antennas with feed intermediate between the extremities of the antenna, e.g. centre-fed dipole with folded element or elements, the folded parts being spaced apart a small fraction of operating wavelength
    • H01Q9/27—Spiral antennas

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a wire antenna capable of operating in at least one predetermined frequency band, comprising a plurality of superimposed layers.
  • the invention finds applications in particular in the field of electromagnetic listening systems.
  • the antennas which are used either individually or in a goniometric array, must operate in a very wide frequency band and in a circular, linear or double linear polarization, corresponding respectively to the ranges of interest of electromagnetic signals in frequency and polarization. It should be noted that the characteristics of an antenna being the same in reception and in transmission, an antenna can be characterized either in transmission or in reception.
  • These antennas must have the smallest possible size and, in particular, a low thickness, in particular to be more easily integrated on carriers. They must also exhibit radiation performance (gain, quality of radiation patterns, etc.) reproducible from one antenna to another, in particular for network applications or to allow replacement during a maintenance operation. .
  • the radiating element consists of a metal wire which is shaped to describe, in a so-called radiation surface, a pattern of the spiral type or of the log-periodic type.
  • the metal wire is wound on itself so as to form, in top view, a spiral.
  • This spiral can for example be an Archimedean spiral, a logarithmic spiral, or the like.
  • the metal wire is shaped so as to include, in top view, several strands.
  • Each strand is inscribed in an angular sector, extends radially and has indentations. The length of each tooth and the spacing between two successive teeth of one strand follow a logarithmic progression.
  • the radiating element is produced by etching a thin metal layer, for example a layer of copper with a thickness of between 2 and 20 ⁇ m (micrometers), deposited on a thin support layer. .
  • the first wire antennas with an absorbing cavity are known, in which the radiating element, etched on a radiating surface flat or shaped, is located above an absorbing cavity delimited by metal walls, and filled with a material absorbing electromagnetic waves.
  • the radiating element is capable of emitting a wave which propagates towards the front of the radiating surface (away from the absorbing cavity) and a wave which propagates towards the rear of the radiating surface (towards the absorbent cavity). The latter is absorbed by the absorbent cavity.
  • Such an antenna is very bulky because of the dimensions of the absorbent cavity. It also has a low efficiency since half of the power emitted by the radiating element is absorbed in the absorbing cavity. Finally, the reproducibility of the radioelectric performance of such an antenna is difficult to obtain, because of a lack of control over the electromagnetic characteristics of the absorbent material filling the cavity.
  • the radiating elements are placed on an electromagnetic structure charged with forbidden band, called LEBG (for Loaded Electromagnetic Band Gap), on a lower ground plane.
  • LEBG for Loaded Electromagnetic Band Gap
  • a surface made up of periodic metal patterns connected by resistors is placed in the cavity of the antenna.
  • the wave emitted towards the rear by the radiating element is absorbed in a thin layer consisting of a metallic reflective plane surmounted by metal and the LEBG material loaded by resistors.
  • the radiating element etched on a flat radiating surface, is located above a reflective metal plane.
  • the wave emitted towards the rear of the radiating surface by the radiating element is reflected towards the front by the reflecting plane.
  • the wave is phase-shifted by an angle ⁇ .
  • the reflected wave propagates forward and interferes, beyond the radiation surface, with the wave emitted forward by the radiating element. This interference is constructive when, for a position of the wave front, the phases of the waves emitted towards the front and reflected towards the front are close. This occurs if the distance separating the radiating surface and the reflective plane is close to ⁇ / 4, where A is the wavelength in the propagation medium corresponding to the frequency of the emitted wave.
  • the frequency band of such an antenna is restricted because of the relationship between the operating frequency of the antenna and the distance between the radiating surface and the reflective plane.
  • the multiple interactions between the radiating element and the lower ground plane cause degradation of the antenna radiation patterns, making them unusable for applications of amplitude direction finding type for example.
  • the radiating element is etched on a high impedance surface (SHI), resting on spaced periodic metal patterns, placed in the cavity of the antenna and connected to the ground plane by bonds, also called vias, metallized.
  • SHI high impedance surface
  • the efficiency band of such an antenna in which the interference between the incident wave and the reflected wave is constructive corresponds approximately to one octave. Consequently, this type of antenna is limited to narrow operating bands, and does not allow simultaneous coverage of a multi-octave frequency band.
  • a fifth wire antenna of the prior art the radiating element, etched on a flat radiating surface, is placed above a plane in a perfect magnetic conductor material (PMC for "Perfect Magnetic Conductor” in English) .
  • PMC Perfect Magnetic Conductor
  • the wave emitted by the radiating element towards the rear of the radiation surface is reflected towards the front by the PMC material, with zero phase shift.
  • This forward reflected wave interferes, beyond the radiation surface, with the forward wave emitted by the radiating element.
  • This interference is constructive on condition that, for a position of the wave front, the phases between the waves emitted towards the front and reflected towards the front are close.
  • This condition is fulfilled if the distance between the radiating surface and the PMC plane is very small compared to the wavelength A.
  • the thickness of such an antenna is greatly reduced compared to that of an antenna with an absorbing cavity.
  • the frequency band accessible by means of such an antenna is restricted. Indeed, if the distance between the radiation surface and the PMC plane is chosen very small, there is a limitation at low frequencies because of a strong decrease in impedance and the establishment of a short-circuit between the radiating element and the PMC plane. On the other hand, if this distance is chosen greater, for each operating frequency such that ⁇ / 4 is a multiple of the distance between the radiating surface and the PMC plane, the power radiated towards the front of the radiating surface is nothing.
  • the radiating elements are placed on a progressive magneto-dielectric substrate.
  • the radiating elements are placed on a dielectric substrate of high relative permittivity and pierced with thin vertical holes.
  • an eighth wire antenna of the state of the art comprises, interposed between the radiating element considered and the lower metallic reflector plane (or ground plane) of the cavity, a layer made up of resistive patterns with a fixed resistance value, arranged in the so-called near-field radiation zone of the radiating element (s).
  • the resistive patterns form a partial resistance layer, spaces being arranged between neighboring patterns, and can be produced from a resistive ink.
  • this solution provides an improvement in the gain of the axis with adapted polarization compared to the first and second antennas mentioned above, this gain being able to be improved typically by approximately 5 dB (decibels).
  • this type of antenna exhibits a significant reduction in the gain axis in polarization suitable for low frequencies, and the axial ratio, in the case of a spiral type antenna, remains degraded for low frequencies, typically greater than 3 dB. for frequencies below 1 GHz (GigaHertz), reflecting a non-circular nature of the polarization of the electromagnetic wave at these frequencies.
  • an axial ratio typically less than 3 dB is sought (theoretical circular polarization: axial ratio of 1, ie 0 dB).
  • the patent FR 3 017 493 describes a wire antenna comprising a layer made up of resistive patterns with a fixed resistance value interposed between the radiating element considered and the metallic reflector plane.
  • the patent US 5,170 , 175 A also describes a spiral antenna formed by layers.
  • the object of the invention is to correct the aforementioned problems, by proposing a wire antenna with high gain, low axial ratio and with stable radiation patterns over a wide frequency band.
  • the invention provides a wire antenna capable of operating in at least one predetermined frequency band, comprising a plurality of superimposed layers, comprising at least one radiating element placed on a support layer, said support layer being placed on a spacer substrate, said spacer substrate being placed on a reflective plane, comprising at least one resistive layer between the support layer of the radiating element (s) and said spacer substrate, the resistive layer comprising at least two sets of nested resistive patterns.
  • This antenna is such that the sets of resistive patterns have resistance values varying progressively between a central antenna point and an outer edge of the antenna, so as to produce a resistance gradient.
  • the wire antenna according to the invention allows optimum interaction between the radiating element (s) and the reflector plane or ground plane, over the widest possible frequency band.
  • the wire antenna according to the invention can exhibit one or more of the characteristics below, taken independently or in combination, in any technically acceptable combination.
  • the antenna comprises a first continuous peripheral resistive portion, arranged in a peripheral zone of the resistive layer and surrounding the set or sets of resistive patterns of said resistive layer.
  • the first continuous peripheral resistive portion has the shape of a circular or square crown.
  • the antenna comprises a second continuous peripheral resistive portion, arranged on the support layer of said radiating element and surrounding said radiating element, said second portion having characteristics of shape and resistance similar to the characteristics of said first continuous peripheral resistive portion.
  • the antenna comprises a plurality of sets of resistive patterns, each set of resistive patterns being composed of elementary resistive patterns which are not contiguous and having an associated resistance value, said resistance value being the same for all the elementary resistive patterns of a set of resistive patterns.
  • the antenna comprises a plurality of sets of resistive patterns, each set of resistive patterns being composed of elementary non-contiguous resistive patterns, each elementary resistive pattern having a gradually varying resistance value on its surface, the resistance variation having the same direction of variation as that of said progressive variation between the central point of the antenna and the outer edge of the antenna.
  • All the elementary resistive patterns of the same set of patterns have the same geometric shape and are regularly spaced.
  • the sets of resistive patterns are concentric and have a square or circular topology.
  • the resistive patterns are made of resistive ink.
  • the antenna comprises a plurality of resistive layers with sets of nested resistive patterns with resistance values varying progressively between an antenna central point and an outer edge of the antenna, two successive resistive layers being separated by at least one layer of substrate .
  • the figures 1 and 2 respectively show a cross-sectional view and a perspective view of a wire antenna 2 according to a first embodiment of the invention.
  • the wire antenna 2 is a broadband antenna capable of operating over a decade, for example, typically, in a frequency range of 1 GHz to 10 GHz.
  • the wire antenna 2 has the shape of a disc of circular circumference C, of center O and several concentric layers stacked along an axis A.
  • the first substrate 6 is made of a dielectric material of given relative permittivity.
  • the first substrate consists of a dielectric material of low relative permittivity (e.g. foam) or of a dielectric material of Duroid type (registered trademark) or of a possibly multilayer composite material.
  • the first substrate is made of a pure magneto-dielectric or magnetic material.
  • the first substrate 6 is formed of a progressive or pierced dielectric material, hollowed out at its center, so as to achieve an increasing relative permittivity from the center to the outer edge of the antenna.
  • the spacer substrate 8 is placed on a reflector plane 10.
  • the reflector plane 10 is preferably metallic, and is located at a distance h1 below the radiation surface S. Its function is to reflect any incident wave regardless of the type. its frequency in a given frequency interval.
  • the metallic reflective plane 10 is not solid but has openings, for example slits.
  • the spacer substrate 8 has the general exterior shape of a flat cylinder of axis A and of substantially constant thickness h2.
  • the thickness h2 of the spacer substrate 8 is greater than the thicknesses of the other layers forming the antenna 2, and forms an antenna cavity.
  • H being the overall thickness of the antenna, a function of h2.
  • F denotes frequency.
  • c represents the speed of propagation of the waves in a vacuum and ⁇ eff and ⁇ eff denote, respectively, the effective relative permittivity and the effective relative permeability, depending on the constituent materials of the antenna.
  • This spacer substrate 8 is made of a dielectric material of given permittivity.
  • the spacer substrate consists of a dielectric material of low relative permittivity (e.g. foam) or of a dielectric material of the Duroid type (registered trademark) or of a possibly multilayer composite material.
  • the spacer substrate 8 is made of a pure magneto-dielectric or magnetic material.
  • the spacer substrate 8 is formed from a progressive or pierced dielectric material, hollowed out at its center, so as to achieve an increasing relative permittivity from the center to the outer edge.
  • a resistive layer 12 Between the support layer 6 and the spacer substrate 8 is placed a resistive layer 12, with regular resistive patterns on at least one ring of center O.
  • the resistive layer 12 is composed of a plurality of sets 12a, 12b, 12c of resistive patterns having different resistance values, varying progressively between the antenna central point O and an outer edge C of the antenna.
  • the set of patterns 12c is placed centrally around the axis A of the antenna, the set of patterns 12b is placed around the set of patterns 12c, and the set of patterns 12a is placed around the 'set of patterns 12b.
  • the sets of patterns are concentric and nested.
  • the number of sets of patterns forming the antenna is not limited.
  • the resistive layer 12 is, according to a first variant embodiment, disposed on a first face 14, or upper face, of the spacer substrate 8 oriented towards the radiating element 4 and opposite to the second face 16, or lower face, in contact with the metal reflector 10.
  • the resistive layer 12 is disposed on a second face 20 or lower face of the support layer 6, the radiating element 4 being disposed on the first face 18 or upper face of the support layer 6.
  • the resistive layer 12 is placed in a field zone close to the radiating element 4, spaced from the reflective plane 10 by the spacer substrate 8 of thickness h2.
  • the resistive layer 12 is made from a resistive ink by a screen printing process, the resistive patterns being deposited on the support face chosen according to the first or the second variant described above.
  • a resistive ink is used having a resistivity characteristic expressed in ⁇ per square.
  • the radiating element 4 comprises first and second metal wires 22 and 24 which are respectively shaped according to a pattern of the spiral type or of the sinuous log-periodic type, for example. More particularly, the pattern forms an Archimedean spiral in the embodiment of the figure 1 .
  • Each wire, 22, 24, is wound around the point of origin O, which corresponds to the intersection of the axis A and the radiating surface S.
  • the radiating element 4 is for example produced by an etching operation, directly on the upper face 18 of the support layer 6.
  • a power supply device (not shown) for the radiating element 4 is placed below the reflector plane 10, which is electrically connected to ground.
  • the reflective plane 10 and the layers 8, 12, 6 placed above are provided with a recessed passage 28, along the axis A, for the passage of a conductive wire suitable for being connected to the radiating element. 4, in order to supply the latter electrically.
  • an active zone of the radiating element 4 emits a first direct wave propagating towards the front, that is to say away from the spacer substrate 8, and a second wave propagating towards the rear. , that is to say in the direction of the spacer substrate 8.
  • the second wave passes through the resistive layer 12, the spacer substrate 8, is reflected by the reflective plane 10, then passes again through the spacer substrate 8, and the resistive layer 12.
  • the resistive layer 12 comprises resistive patterns arranged in several sets, each set being disposed on at least one ring of center O.
  • the figure 3 illustrates an embodiment of the resistive layer 12, when the antenna has the shape of a disc of circumference C.
  • the resistive layer comprises six sets of resistive patterns, 30a to 30f, each set of patterns being formed of elementary resistive patterns 32a to 32f, the set 30a being closest to the outer edge C and the set 30f being the closest to the center 0 of the antenna.
  • 30n denotes a set of resistive patterns, and 32n an associated elementary resistive pattern.
  • the size of the elementary resistive patterns of two sets of different patterns can be the same or different, as illustrated in figure 3 .
  • the elementary resistive patterns are also square and regularly spaced.
  • the elementary resistive patterns 32n of the same set of patterns 30n have the same size and the same resistance value Rn, called the resistance value associated with the set of patterns 30n.
  • Two sets of adjacent patterns have different resistance values, and therefore the sets of resistive patterns are frequency selective. In other words, the gradual difference in resistance value between sets of adjacent patterns, associated with the fact that a coil-type antenna has a frequency-dependent near-field radiation area produces a frequency selective effect.
  • the resistance values are chosen to vary progressively between a central point of antenna O and the periphery of the antenna, so as to produce a resistance gradient.
  • resistance gradient a variation of the resistance values between a minimum value and a maximum value.
  • the gradient is substantially continuous if the variation is almost monotonic.
  • the minimum resistance value is the value associated with the set of resistive patterns 30a, located at the periphery of the antenna, and the maximum resistance value with the set of resistive patterns 30f closest to the center O.
  • the resistance values in ohms ( ⁇ ) are as follows, denoting Ci the square corresponding to the elementary resistive pattern 32i.
  • the resistive patterns have a geometric shape and a thickness, and are made of a resistive material, which is a resistive ink in the case of deposition by screen printing, having a given resistivity value ⁇ , expressed in ⁇ .m.
  • the elementary resistive patterns 32a, 32b are square with a side equal to 0.098 ⁇ Fc
  • the resistive patterns 32c-32f are square with a side equal to 0.049 ⁇ Fc , with ⁇ Fc the wavelength in vacuum, at the central frequency of the antenna's operating frequency band (here, 0.8 GHz to 10 GHz).
  • the center frequency is calculated by the arithmetic mean of the extreme frequencies of the frequency band.
  • the neighboring elementary resistive patterns of the same set of patterns are spaced by 0.049 ⁇ Fc in the vertical and / or horizontal direction.
  • the shape and size are variable and defined, for each embodiment, using 3D electromagnetic simulation software or electromagnetic simulator. During an electromagnetic optimization step.
  • Such simulation software is known, for example software which performs the resolution of Maxwell's equations in integral form, by the finite integrals method.
  • the size and topology of the patterns are chosen to improve the stability of the radiation pattern.
  • the choice of the values of the resistances associated with the sets of patterns of the resistive layer 12 and the shape of the patterns is guided by a compromise to be found between the gain in the far field radiated in the radioelectric axis, therefore the radiation efficiency, and the shape or the stability of the radiation pattern (angular opening of the lobe according to the frequency).
  • the figure 4 represents the axis gain expressed in decibels as a function of the frequency, for a right circular polarization (RHCP) and a left circular polarization (LHCP) for the example antenna detailed above (of theoretical adapted polarization RHCP).
  • RHCP right circular polarization
  • LHCP left circular polarization
  • the figure 5 represents the axial ratio, which is the ratio along the radio axis, in decibels, as a function of frequency.
  • the frequency band considered is [0.5 GHz - 10 GHz]
  • the radiation patterns are stable.
  • the first embodiment has been described above with a topology of resistive patterns arranged in a square and formed of elementary square resistive patterns.
  • the resistive layer comprises sets of concentric ring resistive patterns, elementary square resistive patterns of the same size being regularly arranged radially and angularly to form rings centered in O.
  • the topology is called radial topology.
  • the sets of patterns have a radial topology, distributed in rings 34a, 34b, ..., concentric, each being formed of elementary patterns 36, which are ring portions in the shape of an isosceles trapezoid.
  • each set of ring patterns is made up of patterns of the same dimensions and regularly spaced, the dimensions of the patterns per ring varying as a function of the radius of the ring, and therefore of the distance from the center O.
  • the first embodiment has been described above with sets of elementary patterns, each set of elementary patterns having an associated resistance value, the resistance value being the same for each elementary resistive pattern of the set.
  • a resistance gradient is applied for each elementary resistive pattern, which makes it possible to produce a resistance gradient within each set of patterns.
  • the intramotive resistance gradient evolves in the same direction as the intermotive resistance gradient, the transition between adjacent resistive patterns is all the more gradual. It is then possible to produce a quasi-monotonic resistance gradient between the center and the periphery of the antenna produced.
  • the first embodiment has been described above with reference to figures 3 to 6 with sets of resistive patterns forming a resistance gradient which increases from the periphery of the antenna towards its center.
  • the figure 7 is a cross-sectional view of a wire antenna 40 according to a second embodiment of the invention.
  • the figure 8 is a top view of an embodiment of the resistive layer 12 of the wire antenna 40.
  • the common elements of the antenna 40 with the antenna 2 of the first embodiment are denoted by the same references, and are not described further.
  • the resistive layer comprises sets of resistive patterns of variable resistance as described above and also comprises, in this second embodiment, a continuous peripheral resistive portion 44 surrounding the sets of resistive patterns.
  • this resistive portion is produced according to the same process as that of the sets of resistive patterns, for example by screen printing, aerosol deposition or 3D printing.
  • the continuous peripheral resistive portion 44 is, analogously to the sets of resistive patterns, either disposed on the first face 14, or upper face, of the spacer substrate 8, or disposed on the second face 20 or lower face of the support layer 6. .
  • the resistance value of the continuous peripheral resistive portion 44 is equal to the resistance value of the peripheral set of resistive patterns, for example the set 12a of the figure 7 or the set 30a of the figure 8 .
  • the continuous peripheral resistive portion 44 has the shape of a ring for a circular antenna.
  • the continuous peripheral resistive portion 44 has the shape of a square crown.
  • the shape of the continuous peripheral resistive portion 44 depends on the shape of the antenna cavity.
  • it has a thickness dimension along the axis A of for example between 10 and 20 ⁇ m and a width in the plane of the resistive layer of the order of several mm, for example 6 mm.
  • the continuous peripheral resistive portion 44 is contiguous to the elementary peripheral resistive patterns of the antenna 40, as illustrated in figure 8 .
  • this second embodiment allows a low axial ratio and a large gain in adapted polarization.
  • the figure 9 is a cross-sectional view of a wire antenna 50 according to a third embodiment of the invention.
  • a second continuous peripheral resistive portion 52 is added, in addition to the first continuous peripheral resistive portion 44.
  • This second continuous peripheral resistive portion 52 is added to the upper face 18 of the first substrate, on the same side as the radiating element 4.
  • the second continuous peripheral resistive portion 52 surrounds the radiating element and has the same shape and resistivity characteristics as the first continuous peripheral resistive portion 44.
  • this second continuous peripheral resistive portion 52 makes it possible to improve the axial ratio at the bottom of the frequency band of the antenna, by making it possible to control the end effects of the strands of the radiating element 4 in open circuit.
  • the axial ratio changes to 1.6 dB, and remains unchanged for higher frequencies.
  • the stability of the antenna pattern is maintained.
  • the figure 10 is a cross-sectional view of a wire antenna 60 according to a fourth embodiment of the invention.
  • the antenna 60 comprises a plurality of layers with sets of resistive patterns of resistors having a progressive variation forming a gradient of resistances.
  • resistive layers 62, 64, 66 are illustrated, separated by substrate layers 68, 70, 72.
  • the sets of resistive patterns are either deposited on the upper face (facing the radiating element) of the substrate located below along the axis A, or on the lower face (in view of the reflective plane) of the substrate located above along the axis A.
  • the structuring in a plurality of layers allows an improvement in the gain in adapted polarization of the antenna, mainly in the lower part of the frequency band, and better stabilization of the radiation patterns.
  • Peripheral resistive portions 74, 76 are also added, with a resistance of 1000 Q / square.
  • the figures 11 and 12 illustrate the performance of the antenna 60 with the example numerical values given above, in the frequency band 0.5 GHz to 10 GHz.
  • the figure 11 represents the axis gain expressed in decibels as a function of the frequency, for a right circular polarization (RHCP) and a left circular polarization (LHCP) for the example antenna detailed above (of adapted theoretical circular polarization RHCP).
  • RHCP right circular polarization
  • LHCP left circular polarization
  • the figure 12 represents the axial ratio, which is the ratio along the radio axis, in decibels, as a function of frequency.
  • the frequency band considered is [0.5 GHz - 10 GHz].
  • This embodiment is useful if a high gain, wide frequency band antenna is desired.
  • the resistive patterns and the peripheral resistive portions can be produced in resistive ink, by an easy manufacturing process, for example by screen printing, by aerosol deposition or 3D printing.
  • all the embodiments described make it possible to improve the performance in terms of gain compared to antennas with a resistive layer formed of resistive patterns of a given fixed resistance value.

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Claims (10)

  1. Drahtantenne, die angepasst ist, um in mindestens einem vorbestimmten Frequenzband betrieben zu werden, umfassend eine Vielzahl von übereinanderliegenden Schichten, umfassend mindestens ein strahlendes Element (4), das auf einer Trägerschicht (6) angeordnet ist, wobei die Trägerschicht (6) auf einem Abstandhaltersubstrat (8) platziert ist, wobei das Abstandhaltersubstrat (8) auf einer Reflektorebene (10) platziert ist, umfassend mindestens eine Widerstandsschicht (12, 62, 64, 66) zwischen der Trägerschicht (6) des oder der strahlenden Elemente (4) und dem Abstandhaltersubstrat (8), die Widerstandsschicht (12, 62, 64, 66) umfassend mindestens zwei Einheiten (12a-12c, 30a-30f, 34a, 34b, 62a-62c, 64a-64c, 66a-66c) von ineinandergreifenden Widerstandsmustern, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Einheiten von Widerstandsmustern progressiv variierende Widerstandswerte zwischen einem mittleren Antennenpunkt und einem Außenrand der Antenne aufweisen, um einen Widerstandsgradienten zu erzeugen.
  2. Antenne nach Anspruch 1, umfassend einen ersten kontinuierlichen peripheren Widerstandsabschnitt (44, 74), der in einer peripheren Zone der Widerstandsschicht angeordnet ist und den oder die Einheiten von Widerstandsmustern der Widerstandsschicht umgibt.
  3. Antenne nach Anspruch 2, wobei der kontinuierliche periphere Widerstandsabschnitt (44, 74) eine Form eines kreisförmigen oder quadratischen Kranzes aufweist.
  4. Antenne nach einem der Ansprüche 2 oder 3, umfassend einen zweiten kontinuierlichen peripheren Widerstandsabschnitt (52, 76), der auf der Trägerschicht des strahlenden Elements angeordnet ist und das strahlende Element umgibt, wobei der zweite Abschnitt ähnliche Form- und Festigkeitseigenschaften wie der erste kontinuierliche periphere Widerstandsabschnitt aufweist.
  5. Antenne nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, umfassend eine Vielzahl von Einheiten (12a-12c, 30a-30f, 34a, 34b, 62a-62c, 64a-64c, 66a-66c) von Widerstandsmustern, wobei jede Einheit von Widerstandsmustern aus nicht zusammenhängenden elementaren Widerstandsmustern besteht und einen assoziierten Widerstandswert aufweist, wobei der Widerstandswert für alle elementaren Widerstandsmuster in einer Einheit von Widerstandsmustern gleich ist.
  6. Antenne nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, umfassend eine Vielzahl von Einheiten von Widerstandsmustern, wobei jede Einheit von Widerstandsmustern aus nicht zusammenhängenden elementaren Widerstandsmustern besteht, wobei jedes elementare Widerstandsmuster einen sich allmählich ändernden Widerstandswert über seine Oberfläche aufweist, wobei die Widerstandsänderung die gleiche Änderungsrichtung wie die der allmählichen Änderung zwischen dem mittleren Antennenpunkt und dem Außenrand der Antenne aufweist.
  7. Antenne nach einem der Ansprüche 5 oder 6, wobei alle elementaren Widerstandsmuster in einer einzelnen Einheit von Mustern die gleiche geometrische Form aufweisen und gleichförmig beabstandet sind.
  8. Antenne nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 7, wobei die Einheiten von Widerstandsmustern konzentrisch sind und eine quadratische oder kreisförmige Topologie aufweisen.
  9. Antenne nach einem der vorherigen Ansprüche, wobei die Widerstandsmuster aus Widerstandstinte erzeugt sind.
  10. Antenne nach einem der vorherigen Ansprüche, umfassend eine Vielzahl von Widerstandsschichten (62, 64, 66) mit Einheiten von ineinandergreifenden Widerstandsmustern mit progressiv variierenden Widerstandswerten zwischen einem mittleren Antennenpunkt und einem Außenrand der Antenne, wobei zwei aufeinanderfolgende Widerstandsschichten durch mindestens eine Substratschicht getrennt sind.
EP17731504.1A 2016-06-10 2017-06-09 Breitbanddrahtantenne mit widerstandsmustern mit variablem widerstand Active EP3469657B1 (de)

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FR1600944A FR3052600B1 (fr) 2016-06-10 2016-06-10 Antenne filaire large bande a motifs resistifs
PCT/EP2017/064178 WO2017212047A1 (fr) 2016-06-10 2017-06-09 Antenne filaire large bande a motifs resistifs avec resistance variable

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TW201933980A (zh) * 2017-12-28 2019-08-16 日商日東電工股份有限公司 電磁波吸收體、附電磁波吸收體之物品、及電磁波吸收體的製造方法
US11495886B2 (en) * 2018-01-04 2022-11-08 The Board Of Trustees Of The University Of Alabama Cavity-backed spiral antenna with perturbation elements
FR3080959B1 (fr) 2018-05-04 2021-06-25 Thales Sa Antenne filaire large bande
JP2020150221A (ja) * 2019-03-15 2020-09-17 日東電工株式会社 電波吸収体及び電波吸収体用キット
CN115224463A (zh) * 2021-04-19 2022-10-21 华为技术有限公司 一种天线及无线设备
FR3131108B1 (fr) * 2021-12-21 2023-12-22 Thales Sa Antenne filaire amelioree a large bande de frequences.

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US5576710A (en) * 1986-11-25 1996-11-19 Chomerics, Inc. Electromagnetic energy absorber
US5170175A (en) * 1991-08-23 1992-12-08 Motorola, Inc. Thin film resistive loading for antennas
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FR3052600A1 (fr) 2017-12-15
US20200044356A1 (en) 2020-02-06
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US11509062B2 (en) 2022-11-22
FR3052600B1 (fr) 2018-07-06

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