EP2202846B1 - Dual polarisiertes, planares Strahlungselement und mit einem solchen Strahlungselement ausgestattete Netzantenne - Google Patents

Dual polarisiertes, planares Strahlungselement und mit einem solchen Strahlungselement ausgestattete Netzantenne Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2202846B1
EP2202846B1 EP09170166A EP09170166A EP2202846B1 EP 2202846 B1 EP2202846 B1 EP 2202846B1 EP 09170166 A EP09170166 A EP 09170166A EP 09170166 A EP09170166 A EP 09170166A EP 2202846 B1 EP2202846 B1 EP 2202846B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
patch
metal
external
radiating element
polarisation
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EP09170166A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP2202846A1 (de
Inventor
Hervé Legay
Danièle Bresciani
Renaud Chiniard
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Thales SA
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Thales SA
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
    • H01Q9/0407—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna
    • H01Q9/0478—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna with means for suppressing spurious modes, e.g. cross polarisation
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
    • H01Q9/0407—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna
    • H01Q9/0464—Annular ring patch

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a dual polarization planar radiating element in which the phenomenon of electrostatic discharges is minimized and to a network antenna comprising such a radiating element.
  • the invention applies to any type of antenna comprising at least one dual polarization planar radiating element, to the radiating networks equipping certain antennas and to the network antennas embedded on a spacecraft, for example on a satellite, such as network antennas. reflector or phased array antennas.
  • a network antenna such as for example a reflective array antenna (in English: reflectarray antenna) or a phased array antenna, comprises a set of elementary radiating elements assembled into a radiating array. one or two dimensions to increase the directivity and gain of the antenna.
  • the elementary radiating elements of the network often consist of an arrangement of patches and slots whose dimensions vary.
  • the shape of the radiating elements for example square, circular, hexagonal, is generally fixed and unique for the network.
  • the dimensions of the radiating elements are adjusted to obtain a radiation pattern chosen when illuminated by a primary source.
  • phased array antennas the distribution of the signal to the radiating elements of the network is done using a beamforming splitter.
  • the elementary radiating elements may be constituted by a cavity structure and radiating slots mounted on a metal plane or by a planar structure comprising a metallic radiating patch printed on the surface of a dielectric substrate mounted on a metal plane, the metal patch possibly comprising one or more slots as shown for example on the figure 1 .
  • Radiant slits may be made of a dielectric material or a composite material such as the superposition of a honeycomb of printed thin dielectric substrates used as skin of the composite material.
  • the antenna to be able to support a space environment, it must be ensured that the phenomena of electrostatic discharges between the radiating elements are minimized.
  • the object of the present invention is to overcome this problem by providing a dual polarization planar radiating element in which the phenomenon of electrostatic discharges is minimized without disturbing the response of the radiating element subjected to an orthogonally polarized wave.
  • the subject of the invention is a planar radiating element with dual polarization, characterized in that it comprises an external metal gate, at least one metal patch concentric with the metal gate. external and a cavity separating the metal grid and the metal patch, the grid and the patch having a polygonal shape delimited by at least four opposite sides in pairs, in that it comprises two orthogonal polarization directions associated with two orthogonal electric fields at least one of the polarization directions being parallel to two sides of the polygon and in that each side of the metal patch parallel to a polarization direction is electrically connected to an area of the outer gate where one of the electric fields is minimal.
  • the polygonal shape of the metal patch is chosen from a form of square, rectangle, cross, hexagon
  • the planar radiating element comprises four orthogonal sides in pairs and each side of the metal patch parallel to a polarization direction is respectively connected to one side of the external grid perpendicular to said polarization direction.
  • each side of the metal patch parallel to a polarization direction comprises a center connected to a center on one side of the outer gate perpendicular to said polarization direction.
  • the metal patch may comprise a plurality of orthogonal slots forming a cross.
  • the metal patch comprises an external annular patch, at least one internal patch concentric with the external annular patch and at least one annular gap separating the internal and external patches, the internal and external patches having the same polygonal shape, each side of the internal patch parallel to a polarization direction being connected to a side of the outer annular patch perpendicular to said polarization direction.
  • the internal patch may include a plurality of orthogonal slots forming a central cross.
  • each side of the internal patch parallel to a polarization direction has a center connected to a center on one side of the outer annular patch perpendicular to said polarization direction.
  • the polygonal shape of the metal patches is a cross and the outer grid has a square shape.
  • the metal patch comprises an external annular patch, at least one internal patch concentric with the external annular patch and at least one annular slot separating the internal and external patches, the internal and external patches having a shape of hexagon having two sides parallel to a polarization direction and four sides inclined obliquely to said polarization direction and connected two by two by a vertex, each side of the outer metal patch parallel to said polarization direction being electrically connected to an apex of the internal patch and each side of the inner patch parallel to said polarization direction being electrically connected to a top of the outer metal patch.
  • the invention also relates to a network antenna comprising at least one dual polarization planar radiating element, the external metal gate of each radiating element being connected to a metal ground plane of the network.
  • the figure 1 shows an example of a network antenna 10 comprising a reflector array 11 forming a reflective surface 14 and a primary source 13 for illuminating the reflector array 11 with an incident wave.
  • the reflector array has a plurality of elemental radiators arranged in a two-dimensional surface.
  • a first example of dual polarization elementary radiating element 12 comprising a metal patch 15 printed on an upper face of a substrate 16 provided with a metal ground plane 17 on its lower face, the substrate may be a dielectric material or a composite material consisting of a spacer material, for example honeycomb, and fine dielectric materials.
  • the metal patch 15 has two cross-shaped slots 18 made at its center.
  • the shape of the elementary radiating elements 12 may for example be square, rectangular, hexagonal, circular, cross-shaped or any other geometrical shape.
  • the slots can also be made in a different number of two and their arrangement can be different from a cross. On the figure 2 the slots have the same dimensions but they could be of different sizes.
  • the radiating element has a polygonal shape, for example square and comprises a first internal metal patch 30, a second external annular metal patch forming a metal ring 31, and an annular slot 32 separating the outer metal ring 31 and the inner metal patch 30
  • the inner patch, the crown and the slit are concentric.
  • the radiating element is orthogonally polarized by two exciter waves, the two electric fields Ev and Eh corresponding to the two directions of polarization are orthogonal to each other.
  • the Ev field is parallel to a first side 33 of the radiating element and the Eh field is parallel to a second side 34 of the radiating element, the first and second sides 33, 34 being orthogonal to each other.
  • the annular slot 32 is resonant when its circumference is equal to the period of the polarization mode that is established. So, as shown in figure 3a the electric field Ev is maximum in some regions of the slot where the electric field Eh is minimal and disappears in other regions 36 where the electric field Eh is maximal. The regions where one of the fields Ev, respectively Eh, gradually disappears are the regions where the outer ring is parallel to the corresponding polarization direction.
  • the annular slot 32 is equivalent to two half-slots having the form of two complementary half-rings arranged symmetrically with respect to the perpendicular bisector parallel to the corresponding polarization.
  • the annular slot 32 is equivalent to the two half-slots 1, 2 arranged symmetrically with respect to the mediator 5 on the side 33.
  • the annular slot 32 is equivalent to the two half-slots. slots 3, 4 arranged symmetrically with respect to the mediator 6 of the side 34.
  • the four half-slots consisting of four half-rings intertwined represented on the figure 3b have for each polarization Ev, Eh, a behavior equivalent to an annular slot as represented on the figure 3a .
  • each side of the inner metal patch 30 is electrically connected, for example by means of a wire 37, to one side of the outer ring 31 which is orthogonal thereto.
  • the wire 37 connects the middle of the side of the inner metal patch 30 in the middle of the side of the outer ring 31 which is orthogonal thereto. Apart from resonance, shorting the slots in any way does not significantly alter the properties of the radiating element.
  • each polarization direction is parallel to the one of the sides of the patch and the outer crown.
  • the electric field corresponding to each direction of polarization is maximum in the regions of the slots perpendicular to said polarization direction and is very low or zero in the regions of the slots parallel to said polarization direction.
  • an external metal grid may be added to drain the electrostatic charges to a metal ground plane of the network such as the ground plane 17 of the radiating elements.
  • the radiating element represented on the figure 5a comprises a metal patch 15, for example in the form of a square, in which are formed two orthogonal slots 18, 20 forming a cross.
  • the cross is usually positioned at the center of the metal patch and is such that each slot is parallel to two opposite sides of the square.
  • the cross may comprise additional orthogonal slots 21, 22, 23, 24 such as for example a cross, called the Jerusalem cross, represented on the figure 5b which has four additional slots respectively placed orthogonally at both ends of each central slot.
  • the radiating element 39 further comprises an external metal annular grid 38 delimiting a cavity 41 between the grid and the metal patch.
  • the outer annular grid and the metal patch are concentric and of the same geometric shape.
  • the cavity 41 behaves like a radiating slot and participates in the overall radiation.
  • each side 42, 43, 44, 45 of the internal metal patch is electrically connected, for example by means of a wire 46, to a side 47, 48, 49, 50 of the outer gate 38 which is orthogonal.
  • the wire connects the middle of the side of the inner metal patch in the middle of the side of the outer gate which is orthogonal thereto.
  • the figure 6 represents a third example of a radiating element according to the invention.
  • the geometric shape of the radiating element is hexagonal and has six opposite sides two by two.
  • This radiating element comprises two concentric ring-shaped metal rings 61, 62 spaced apart by an annular slot 63.
  • the field Ev is minimal in the regions of the external patch perpendicular to the field Ev, that is to say the regions of the vertices of the hexagon where the sides 66, 67, 68, 69 which are not parallel no direction of polarization meet.
  • each side 72, 73 of the internal patch 62 parallel to one of the directions of polarization Eh is electrically connected to a vertex 70, 71 of the external patch 61 where the sides 66, 67 and 68, 69 which are not parallel to any direction of polarization meet.
  • a top 74, 75 of the internal patch 62 where the sides 56, 57, 58, 59 which are parallel to no polarization direction meet is electrically connected to a side 65, 64 of the outer patch 61 parallel to a direction of polarization Eh.
  • an external metal grid is added to drain the electrostatic charges to a metal ground plane of the network such as the ground plane 17 of the radiating elements.
  • each side of a first internal metal patch 80 parallel to a polarization direction is electrically connected to an orthogonal side of a second annular metal patch 79 which surrounds it, and each side of the second parallel annular metal patch 79 A polarization direction is electrically connected to an orthogonal side of a third metal patch 78 surrounding it.
  • the radiating element may comprise an external annular metal grating 94 separated from the external annular patch 78 by a cavity 98.
  • each side of the third external metal patch 78 is electrically connected to one side of the outer gate 94 which is orthogonal thereto.
  • the radiating element comprises an outer grid 82 in the form of a square and a central cross, spaced from the outer gate by a cavity 88.
  • the central cross comprises two annular metal patches 83, 84 in the form of crosses separated by an annular slot 85 in cross shape, and two orthogonal slots 86, 87 forming a cross, positioned in the center of the radiating element.
  • the different crosses are such that each slot 85, 86, 87 has regions parallel to a first direction of polarization Ev and regions parallel to a second direction of polarization Eh.
  • each annular metal patch 83, 84 and the grid 82 has parallel sides and sides orthogonal to the first direction of polarization Ev as well as parallel sides and sides orthogonal to the second direction of polarization Eh.
  • each side of a first internal metal patch 84 parallel to a polarization direction is electrically connected to an orthogonal side of a second metal patch annular 83, or the outer metal grid 82 surrounding it.
  • This type of planar radiating element in the form of a cross has the advantage of leading to smaller dimensions than the annular slot patterns in elements of square or circular type, since the electrical path is elongated. They can therefore be inserted into smaller mesh networks, which is favorable for bandwidth performance, and which improves the response of the network to high-impact waves.
  • the Figures 9a , 9b , 9c represent three examples of radiating network, according to the invention.
  • the network of figure 9a comprises two dual polarization planar radiating elements, each radiating element 39, 40 having a metal patch 15, 19 and an outer gate spaced from the patch by a cavity.
  • the two radiating elements are adjacent and the two external grids 50, 51 have a side 49 in common.
  • Each side of the metal patch is electrically connected to an orthogonal side of the outer gate.
  • each radiating element 90, 91, 92, 93 comprises an internal metal patch 80, a first annular metal patch 79 spaced from the inner patch by a first annular slot 77, a second annular metal patch 78 spaced from the first annular patch 79 by a second annular slot 76, an annular metal grid 94, 95, 96, 97 spaced from the second annular metal patch 78 by a cavity 98.
  • the four radiating elements are adjacent to each other and the four grids have common sides 99, 101, 102, 103 two by two.
  • each radiating element 104, 105, 106, 107 comprises two central cross-shaped slits 86, 87, a first internal annular patch 84 surrounding the central cross, a second annular patch 83 external to the first annular patch 84 and spaced from it. ci by an annular slot 85 and an outer annular metal grid 82 of square shape and spaced from the second annular metal patch 83 by a cavity 88, as on the figure 8 .
  • the four radiating elements are adjacent to each other and the four grids have two-to-two common sides.
  • Each metal patch has sides parallel to a polarization direction connected to an orthogonal side of a surrounding metal patch or for the second annular patch, to an orthogonal side of the external metal grille. All the electrostatic charges are thus drained towards the external metal gate without disturbing the response of the radiating elements subjected to an orthogonally polarized wave. The electrostatic charges are then discharged to a metal ground plane of the network by connecting the outer gate to this metal ground plane.
  • a radiating array of different sizes and characteristics can thus be realized by combining a plurality of radiating elements to form a radiating surface of desired size in one or two dimensions.
  • the elements may all be identical or may be of different structures depending on the type of antenna desired.
  • the network can then be implanted in a chosen network antenna such as for example that represented on the figure 1 or any other type of network antenna.
  • a planar radiating element having a hexagonal or cross-shaped geometric shape may comprise an external grid of different shape, for example of square shape.
  • radiating elements of hexagonal shape may comprise an internal patch having orthogonal central slots forming a simple cross or a Jerusalem cross.

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Claims (11)

  1. Dualpolarisiertes planares Strahlungselement, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass es ein externes Metallgitter (38, 82), wenigstens einen Metall-Patch (15) konzentrisch zu dem externen Metallgitter (38, 82) und einen Hohlraum (41) umfasst, der das Metallgitter (38, 82) und den Metall-Patch (15) trennt, wobei das Gitter und der Patch eine polygonale Form haben, die durch wenigstens vier einander paarweise gegenüberliegende Seiten (42, 43, 44, 45) begrenzt wird, und dadurch, dass es zwei orthogonale Polarisationsrichtungen umfasst, die mit zwei orthogonalen elektrischen Feldern Ev und Eh assoziiert sind, wobei wenigstens eine der Polarisationsrichtungen parallel zu zwei Seiten des Polygons ist, und dadurch, dass jede Seite (42, 43, 44, 45) des Metall-Patch (15) parallel zu einer Polarisationsrichtung elektrisch mit einer Zone (47, 48, 49, 50) des externen Gitters verbunden (46) ist, wo eines der elektrischen Felder Ev oder Eh minimal ist.
  2. Planares Strahlungselement nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die polygonale Form des Metall-Patch aus einem Quadrat, einem Rechteck, einem Kreuz und einem Hexagon ausgewählt ist.
  3. Planares Strahlungselement nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass es vier orthogonale, paarweise angeordnete Seiten (42, 43, 44, 45) umfasst, und dadurch, dass jede Seite (42, 43, 44, 45) des Metall-Patch (15) parallel zu einer Polarisationsrichtung jeweils mit einer Seite (47, 48, 49, 50) des externen Gitters (38) lotrecht zu der Polarisationsrichtung verknüpft ist.
  4. Planares Stralalungselement nach Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass jede Seite (42, 43, 44, 45) des Metall-Patch (15) parallel zu einer Polarisationsrichtung eine Mitte hat, die mit einer Mitte einer Seite des externen Gitters (38) lotrecht zu der Polarisationsrichtung verbunden ist.
  5. Planares Strahlungselement nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Metall-Patch (15) ferner wenigstens zwei orthogonale Schlitze (18) umfasst, die ein Kreuz in der Mitte bilden.
  6. Planares Strahlungselement nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Metall-Patch (15) einen externen ringförmigen Patch (31, 83), wenigstens einen internen Patch (30, 84) konzentrisch zu dem externen ringförmigen Patch (31) und wenigstens einen ringförmigen, den internen (30) und den externen (31) Patch trennenden Schlitz (32) umfasst, wobei der interne und der externe Patch dieselbe polygonale Form haben, und dadurch, dass jede Seite des internen Patch (30) parallel zu einer Polarisationsrichtung mit einer Seite des externen ringförmigen Patch (31) lotrecht zu der Polarisationsrichtung verbunden (37) ist.
  7. Planares Strahlungselement nach Anspruch 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass jede Seite des internen Patch (30) parallel zu einer Polarisationsrichtung eine Mitte umfasst, die mit einer Mitte einer Seite des externen ringförmigen Patch (31) lotrecht zu der Polarisationsrichtung verbunden ist.
  8. Planares Strahlungselement nach einem der Ansprüche 6 bis 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der interne Patch (84) wenigstens zwei orthogonale Schlitze (86, 87) umfasst, die ein Kreuz in der Mitte bilden.
  9. Planares Strahlungselement nach einem der Ansprüche 6 bis 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die polygonale Form der Metall-Patches (83, 84) ein Kreuz ist, und dadurch, dass das externe Gitter (82) ein Quadrat ist.
  10. Planares Strahlungselement nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Metall-Patch (15) einen externen ringförmigen Patch (61), wenigstens einen internen Patch (62) konzentrisch zu dem externen ringförmigen Patch (61) und wenigstens einen ringförmigen, den internen (62) und den externen (61) Patch trennenden Schlitz (63) umfasst, wobei der interne und der externe Patch eine hexagonale Form haben, die zwei Seiten (73, 72, 64, 65) parallel zu einer Polarisationsrichtung und vier Seiten (56, 57, 58, 59, 66, 67, 68, 69) relativ zur Polarisationsrichtung schräg geneigt haben, die durch einen Scheitelpunkt (74, 75, 70, 71) paarweise verbunden sind, dadurch, dass jede Seite (64, 65) des externen Metall-Patch parallel zur Polarisationsrichtung elektrisch mit einem Scheitelpunkt (74, 75) des internen Patch verbunden ist, und dadurch, dass jede Seite (72, 73) des internen Patch (62) parallel zur Polarisationsrichtung elektrisch mit einem Scheitelpunkt (71, 70) des externen Metall-Patch (61) verbunden ist.
  11. Strahlungsfeld, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass es wenigstens ein dualpolarisiertes planares Strahlungselement nach einem der vorherigen Ansprüche umfasst, und dadurch, dass das externe Metallgitter jedes Strahlungselements mit einer metallischen Grundplatte (17) des Feldes verknüpft ist.
EP09170166A 2008-12-23 2009-09-14 Dual polarisiertes, planares Strahlungselement und mit einem solchen Strahlungselement ausgestattete Netzantenne Active EP2202846B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR0807401A FR2940532B1 (fr) 2008-12-23 2008-12-23 Element rayonnant planaire a polorisation duale et antenne reseau comportant un tel element rayonnant

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EP2202846A1 EP2202846A1 (de) 2010-06-30
EP2202846B1 true EP2202846B1 (de) 2011-12-28

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US (1) US8248306B2 (de)
EP (1) EP2202846B1 (de)
JP (1) JP2010154530A (de)
KR (1) KR101640604B1 (de)
CN (1) CN101764283A (de)
AT (1) ATE539464T1 (de)
CA (1) CA2687161C (de)
ES (1) ES2377784T3 (de)
FR (1) FR2940532B1 (de)
RU (1) RU2490759C2 (de)

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RU2490759C2 (ru) 2013-08-20
CN101764283A (zh) 2010-06-30
ES2377784T3 (es) 2012-03-30
JP2010154530A (ja) 2010-07-08
RU2009134902A (ru) 2011-03-27
KR20100074053A (ko) 2010-07-01
FR2940532B1 (fr) 2011-04-15
FR2940532A1 (fr) 2010-06-25
EP2202846A1 (de) 2010-06-30
CA2687161C (fr) 2016-05-10
KR101640604B1 (ko) 2016-07-18
ATE539464T1 (de) 2012-01-15
US8248306B2 (en) 2012-08-21
US20100156725A1 (en) 2010-06-24
CA2687161A1 (fr) 2010-06-23

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