EP2351148B1 - Ausklappbare struktur und antennensystem mit membranen mit einer solchen struktur - Google Patents

Ausklappbare struktur und antennensystem mit membranen mit einer solchen struktur Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2351148B1
EP2351148B1 EP09736214.9A EP09736214A EP2351148B1 EP 2351148 B1 EP2351148 B1 EP 2351148B1 EP 09736214 A EP09736214 A EP 09736214A EP 2351148 B1 EP2351148 B1 EP 2351148B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
pantographs
membranes
antenna
deployed
deployable
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP09736214.9A
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English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP2351148A1 (de
Inventor
Nelson Fonseca
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Centre National dEtudes Spatiales CNES
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Centre National dEtudes Spatiales CNES
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/27—Adaptation for use in or on movable bodies
    • H01Q1/28—Adaptation for use in or on aircraft, missiles, satellites, or balloons
    • H01Q1/288—Satellite antennas
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/08—Means for collapsing antennas or parts thereof
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q15/00—Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
    • H01Q15/14—Reflecting surfaces; Equivalent structures
    • H01Q15/16—Reflecting surfaces; Equivalent structures curved in two dimensions, e.g. paraboloidal
    • H01Q15/161—Collapsible reflectors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q15/00—Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
    • H01Q15/14—Reflecting surfaces; Equivalent structures
    • H01Q15/18—Reflecting surfaces; Equivalent structures comprising plurality of mutually inclined plane surfaces, e.g. corner reflector
    • H01Q15/20—Collapsible reflectors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q19/00—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic
    • H01Q19/10—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q19/00—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic
    • H01Q19/10—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces
    • H01Q19/12—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces wherein the surfaces are concave
    • H01Q19/17—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces wherein the surfaces are concave the primary radiating source comprising two or more radiating elements

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a deployable structure supporting at least one membrane and more particularly its use in an antenna system whose membranes constitute the main radiating structure and in particular those that can be embedded on a satellite system.
  • Deployable structures are frequently used on satellites to meet congestion requirements under headgear during launch.
  • Deployable is a structure whose stored volume is less than the volume after deployment.
  • Deployable structures are particularly suitable for the mechanical design of antennas, whose area projected in a given direction expressed in wavelengths strongly conditions the radiation performance.
  • the membrane antennas Associated with a carrier structure and a deployment system, the membrane antennas have the advantage of being of a small footprint when they are in storage configuration.
  • These antennas also generally have a substantially lower weight than rigid antennas of equivalent size.
  • the storage volume must be compatible with under-the-head layout constraints.
  • the carrier structure and the associated deployment mechanism must provide sufficient rigidity to obtain a good surface condition, the latter feature having a direct impact on the electromagnetic performance of the antenna.
  • the gain of the antenna is degraded when the surface state is not in conformity.
  • Unwanted radiation side lobes, backward radiation, cross polarization
  • the nonconformity of the surface condition may be due to the accuracy of the supporting structure itself or the mechanical forces and vibrations undergone.
  • beat phenomena in the direction orthogonal to the plane of the antenna can substantially affect the surface state.
  • the quality of the surface condition and the possible relative positioning of the membranes is generally defined in proportion to the wavelength.
  • the choice of the carrier structure is therefore particularly important not to lead to mechanical oversizing, resulting in increased weight and bulk.
  • a deployable membrane antenna must satisfy several constraints: a small bulk in storage configuration, a large size in deployed configuration, a precise holding structure and which is more capable of withstanding mechanical forces, and a reduced mass compared to its equivalent in rigid technologies.
  • the invention relates to a deployable structure for obtaining a membrane antenna with a large radiating aperture while maintaining a low storage volume.
  • the structure of the invention offers additional rigidity compared to deployable antennas of known type, in particular to minimize the effects of flapping in the direction orthogonal to the plane of the antenna.
  • the structure of the invention makes it possible to ensure a good surface state of the deployed membranes by the addition of transverse bars on which the membrane or membranes rest.
  • the invention relates to a deployable structure defined according to the features of claim 1.
  • each membrane takes place in a general direction which is vertical to the base of the structure and more specifies in a direction that corresponds to that given by the shape of the pantographs implemented.
  • the shape of the deployed structure is given by the profile of the pantographs: straight, parabolic or such that the deployed structure has a hexagonal or trapezoidal shape.
  • such a structure can have a height of two meters and more depending on the mechanical constraints, weight and flatness required specific to the targeted application, and more particularly to the operating frequency.
  • the invention relates to an antenna system comprising a deployable structure according to the first aspect of the invention.
  • the invention relates to a satellite system comprising at least one antenna system according to the second aspect of the invention.
  • the figure 1 schematically illustrates a satellite 10 comprising two deployable structures 11. In storage configuration, the deployable structures are folded over the central portion 12 of the satellite.
  • the figure 2 illustrates a deployed structure 11, comprising two membranes M, used in a antennasystem type direct radiation network.
  • each membrane M directly emit the energy transmitted to them by the appropriate power supply circuit, usually also printed.
  • the structure deployed in this example has a parallelepipedal shape.
  • the pantographs 20 are arranged in parallel manner, on either side of the membranes M to be deployed.
  • transverse bars 21 for connecting the pantographs in particular to the ends of the structure Thanks to these crossbars the mechanical strength of the structure is guaranteed.
  • transverse bars 21 also contribute to the flatness of the membranes M.
  • the entire bearing structure including pantograph 20 and transverse bars 21, can be made with standard materials in space applications of aluminum or carbon type.
  • the structure naturally offers a controllable dimension in the direction orthogonal to the main plane of the antenna.
  • This dimension is controllable in that it depends directly on the dimensioning of the pantograph.
  • This aspect makes it possible to ensure a good relative positioning of the different necessary membranes.
  • the membranes M make it possible to include all radio-frequency functions of known type and necessary for the use of this structure in an antennasystem of the direct radiation network type, reflector network or transmitting network, also called lens.
  • a membrane M can act as a ground plane, while another comprises the radiating elements.
  • the ground plane makes it possible in particular to minimize the backward radiation, which is usually undesired for operating modes of the direct radiation network or reflector network type.
  • the printed elements do not require a ground plane.
  • the supply circuit or additional stacked type radiators may optionally be printed on one or more additional membranes.
  • the advantage of printing the supply circuit on a separate membrane is to reduce the coupling with the radiating elements and thus improve the overall performance of the antenna, while the stacked type of radiating structures usually expand the frequency band.
  • membrane By membrane is meant a flexible material of relatively thin thickness radially electrically on which it is possible to make a metallization deposit (copper for example) in order to achieve patterns corresponding to radio-frequency functions mentioned above.
  • the material used for the membrane may be Kapton.
  • the figure 3 illustrates a deployed structure 11 similar to that of the figure 2 used in an antenna system of reflector or lens array type further comprising a plurality of printed patterns R disposed on each membrane M and a source S arranged opposite.
  • the electromagnetic energy is radiated by the source S and is reflected or transmitted by the network of printed elements.
  • the reflector arrays and lenses as described above are advantageous in that a planar surface is generally simpler to achieve than a surface formed for a given surface surface precision.
  • the reflector or transmitter network consists of a plurality of elementary patterns whose shape changes the phase of the reflection coefficient or transmission respectively.
  • the phase of the reflection or transmission coefficient respectively must compensate for the phase shift induced by the difference of electrical paths between a flat surface and the parabolic surface having its focus at the source S.
  • the figure 5 illustrates a deployable structure comprising two membranes M, each membrane comprises a plurality of reflectors R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 are printed in a so-called pallet arrangement.
  • Each of the sources S 1 , S 2 , S 3 , S 4 is respectively associated with a reflector R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 and is pointed in its direction.
  • FIGS. 6a, 6b, 6c illustrate different possible orientations for the two pantographs allowing the deployment of the structure.
  • the figure 6a allows to obtain a parallelepiped-shaped expanded structure already described above.
  • This arrangement has the advantage of having rigid transverse bars, as opposed to the other orientations envisaged.
  • this orientation allows forms of highly rectangular antennas, allowing a significant directivity along an axis only.
  • This mode of radiation is regularly used in radar and radiometer applications.
  • the type of antenna associated is usually a direct radiation network, but a reflector or transmitter network mode of operation can also be envisaged for certain specific applications.
  • the figure 6b allows to obtain a deployed structure in the form of hexagon.
  • This form of structure is interesting for increasing the directivity of the antenna while having a geometric similarity between the two main axes defining the plane of the antenna.
  • This last feature allows sectional diagrams of radiant field distant strongly similar in the two main orthogonal planes of the antenna, interesting property for some applications as in telecommunications for example.
  • This shape may have an interest in direct or indirect radiation mode (reflector network or lens).
  • the Figure 6c allows to obtain a deployed trapezoidal structure.
  • the deployment is always carried out in a direction perpendicular to the base of the structure.
  • the figure 7 illustrates a side view of a deployed structure with pantographs 20 with a parabolic or circular profile. Such profiles make it possible to improve the radio-frequency performance of the antenna in reflector network configuration.
  • FIGS. 8a, 8b illustrate the deployment of a pantograph 20.
  • a pantograph consists of a plurality of rigid strands 200, 201 arranged in scissors and such that a tightening of the base produces an elongation of the pantograph.
  • the figure 8a shows a pantograph 20 in stored configuration
  • the figure 8b shows the same pantograph 20 in deployed configuration.
  • pantograph in question is said to be regular in that all the constituent strands have the same length.
  • the figure 9 illustrates a pantograph with a parabolic profile.
  • the pantograph Due to its nature, the pantograph has a greater rigidity in the plane containing it. On the other hand, it may be subject to beat phenomena in the direction orthogonal to the plane containing it.
  • the proposed structure has a good arrangement of these pantographs ensuring better mechanical strength of the assembly.
  • pantographs minimize the flapping phenomena in the direction orthogonal to the plane containing the membrane or membranes, while the assembly consisting of the opposite arrangement and the transverse bars ensures a good mechanical strength in the plane.
  • pantographs For a detailed geometric description of pantographs one can refer to A. Kaveh, A. Davaran, "Analysis of Pantograph Foldable Structures", August 1994 .
  • FIGS 10a, 10b, 10c illustrate the deployment of the complete supporting structure, comprising the two facing pantographs 20 and the transverse bars 21.
  • the carrier structure changes from the stored state to the fully deployed state.
  • This deployment can be carried out in known manner either by a motor in rotation associated with a mechanism based on son whose winding produces a voltage to extend the pantograph or by a motor producing a linear displacement of one of the ends pantograph base.
  • the other end at the base of the pantograph is attached to the interface with the satellite via a pivot link.
  • the membranes M may for example be attached to the pantographs 20 by tensioning systems. They can also be attached at the cross bars.
  • the membrane in the storage position can either be left free - it folds then following the carrier structure - or be wrapped around a suitable structure at the base of the pantograph.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Astronomy & Astrophysics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Remote Sensing (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Aviation & Aerospace Engineering (AREA)
  • Aerials With Secondary Devices (AREA)
  • Details Of Aerials (AREA)

Claims (9)

  1. Entfaltbare Einrichtung, Folgendes umfassend:
    - ein Basiselement (B);
    - mehrere Membranen (M), die wenigstens ein gedrucktes Element tragen, das die Funktion einer Antenne hat;
    - mehrere Scherenelemente (20), die dafür vorgesehen sind, die Membranen zu entfalten;
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass jede Membran (M) durch zwei sich gegenüberliegende Scherenelemente gehalten wird, die identisch sind und die auf beiden Seiten der Membran (M), die sie halten, angeordnet sind, wobei die Membranen sich mit den Scherenelementen wieder zusammenfalten, und dadurch, dass die Scherenelemente derart regelmäßig sind, dass die Einrichtung sich in einer Richtung (D) senkrecht zum Basiselement (B) entfaltet, wobei die Form der entfalteten Einrichtung durch die Seitenansichtsform der Scherenelemente gegeben ist.
  2. Einrichtung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Scherenelemente derart parallel sind, dass die entfaltete Einrichtung ein Parallelepiped bildet.
  3. Einrichtung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Scherenelemente derart eingerichtet sind, dass die entfaltete Einrichtung ein Trapez bildet.
  4. Einrichtung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Scherenelemente derart eingerichtet sind, dass die entfaltete Einrichtung ein Sechseck bildet.
  5. Einrichtung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Scherenelemente eine parabolische oder kreisförmige Seitenansichtsform haben.
  6. Einrichtung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Scherenelemente durch wenigstens eine querverlaufende Stange verbunden sind, die dafür vorgesehen ist, die Steifigkeit der entfalteten Einrichtung bereitzustellen.
  7. Antennensystem mit Membranen, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass es wenigstens eine entfaltbare Einrichtung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche umfasst.
  8. Antennensystem nach dem vorhergehenden Anspruch, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass seine Funktionsweise aus der folgenden Gruppe gewählt ist: vom Typ Verbundantenne mit direkter Abstrahlung, Verbundantenne mit Reflexion oder Linse.
  9. Satellitensystem, das wenigstens ein Antennensystem mit Membranen nach dem vorhergehenden Anspruch umfasst.
EP09736214.9A 2008-10-14 2009-10-14 Ausklappbare struktur und antennensystem mit membranen mit einer solchen struktur Active EP2351148B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR0856944A FR2937186B1 (fr) 2008-10-14 2008-10-14 Structure deployable et systeme antennaire a membranes comprenant une telle structure.
PCT/EP2009/063415 WO2010043652A1 (fr) 2008-10-14 2009-10-14 Structure deployable et systeme antennaire a membranes comprenant une telle structure

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2351148A1 EP2351148A1 (de) 2011-08-03
EP2351148B1 true EP2351148B1 (de) 2013-11-13

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EP09736214.9A Active EP2351148B1 (de) 2008-10-14 2009-10-14 Ausklappbare struktur und antennensystem mit membranen mit einer solchen struktur

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EP (1) EP2351148B1 (de)
ES (1) ES2445694T3 (de)
FR (1) FR2937186B1 (de)
WO (1) WO2010043652A1 (de)

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US11411318B2 (en) * 2020-12-08 2022-08-09 Eagle Technology, Llc Satellite antenna having pantographic trusses and associated methods

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3032763A (en) * 1958-12-19 1962-05-01 Carlyle J Sletten Stretch array for scanning
GB2120857B (en) * 1982-04-28 1985-10-30 British Aerospace Reflectors
IT1162948B (it) * 1983-09-30 1987-04-01 Aeritalia Spa Braccio estensibile particolarmente per veicoli o moduli spaziali
US5227808A (en) * 1991-05-31 1993-07-13 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Air Force Wide-band L-band corporate fed antenna for space based radars

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ES2445694T3 (es) 2014-03-04
EP2351148A1 (de) 2011-08-03
FR2937186B1 (fr) 2010-11-12
FR2937186A1 (fr) 2010-04-16
WO2010043652A1 (fr) 2010-04-22

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