EP3448590B1 - Verfahren und vorrichtung zum reinigen von werkstücken aus metall - Google Patents

Verfahren und vorrichtung zum reinigen von werkstücken aus metall Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3448590B1
EP3448590B1 EP17720474.0A EP17720474A EP3448590B1 EP 3448590 B1 EP3448590 B1 EP 3448590B1 EP 17720474 A EP17720474 A EP 17720474A EP 3448590 B1 EP3448590 B1 EP 3448590B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
workpiece
steam
cleaning
nozzle
nozzles
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP17720474.0A
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German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP3448590A1 (de
Inventor
Antonio Alvarez
Dietmar Sonntag
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Elwema Automotive GmbH
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Elwema Automotive GmbH
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Filing date
Publication date
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Publication of EP3448590A1 publication Critical patent/EP3448590A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B08—CLEANING
    • B08B—CLEANING IN GENERAL; PREVENTION OF FOULING IN GENERAL
    • B08B3/00—Cleaning by methods involving the use or presence of liquid or steam
    • B08B3/02—Cleaning by the force of jets or sprays
    • B08B3/024—Cleaning by means of spray elements moving over the surface to be cleaned
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B08—CLEANING
    • B08B—CLEANING IN GENERAL; PREVENTION OF FOULING IN GENERAL
    • B08B3/00—Cleaning by methods involving the use or presence of liquid or steam
    • B08B3/02—Cleaning by the force of jets or sprays
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B08—CLEANING
    • B08B—CLEANING IN GENERAL; PREVENTION OF FOULING IN GENERAL
    • B08B3/00—Cleaning by methods involving the use or presence of liquid or steam
    • B08B3/04—Cleaning involving contact with liquid
    • B08B3/10—Cleaning involving contact with liquid with additional treatment of the liquid or of the object being cleaned, e.g. by heat, by electricity or by vibration
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B08—CLEANING
    • B08B—CLEANING IN GENERAL; PREVENTION OF FOULING IN GENERAL
    • B08B3/00—Cleaning by methods involving the use or presence of liquid or steam
    • B08B3/04—Cleaning involving contact with liquid
    • B08B3/10—Cleaning involving contact with liquid with additional treatment of the liquid or of the object being cleaned, e.g. by heat, by electricity or by vibration
    • B08B3/14—Removing waste, e.g. labels, from cleaning liquid; Regenerating cleaning liquids
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F26—DRYING
    • F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
    • F26B11/00—Machines or apparatus for drying solid materials or objects with movement which is non-progressive
    • F26B11/02—Machines or apparatus for drying solid materials or objects with movement which is non-progressive in moving drums or other mainly-closed receptacles
    • F26B11/04—Machines or apparatus for drying solid materials or objects with movement which is non-progressive in moving drums or other mainly-closed receptacles rotating about a horizontal or slightly-inclined axis
    • F26B11/049—Machines or apparatus for drying solid materials or objects with movement which is non-progressive in moving drums or other mainly-closed receptacles rotating about a horizontal or slightly-inclined axis with provisions for working under increased or reduced pressure, with or without heating
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F26—DRYING
    • F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
    • F26B5/00—Drying solid materials or objects by processes not involving the application of heat
    • F26B5/04—Drying solid materials or objects by processes not involving the application of heat by evaporation or sublimation of moisture under reduced pressure, e.g. in a vacuum
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B08—CLEANING
    • B08B—CLEANING IN GENERAL; PREVENTION OF FOULING IN GENERAL
    • B08B2230/00—Other cleaning aspects applicable to all B08B range
    • B08B2230/01—Cleaning with steam

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for cleaning metal workpieces having the features of the preamble of claim 1 and a device suitable for carrying out the method having the features of the preamble of claim 7.
  • contamination such as residues of the cooling lubricant
  • Numerous methods are known for this purpose, using aqueous or non-aqueous solvents, with aqueous solvents being preferred recently because they cause less costs and environmental problems.
  • the workpieces are usually immersed in the solvent and/or treated with a jet of the solvent.
  • DE 44 10 550 C1 describes a method for drying workpieces, which have been subjected to a cleaning and rinsing process, in a pressure-tight chamber, the parts in the chamber first being heated by water vapor introduced at overpressure, the parts first being rinsed by the condensation water formed. If the pressure is then reduced below atmospheric pressure, if necessary, then the residues of condensation water on the surface of the parts evaporate, which can then be taken out of the chamber dry.
  • the parts are subject to strong temperature fluctuations, for example from over 100 °C to almost 0 °C.
  • Workpiece surface can be completely removed.
  • DE19609119A1 describes another purification method.
  • the workpiece is to be cleaned in a treatment chamber in which negative pressure prevails.
  • the cleaning agent In order to come into contact with the cleaning agent, the workpiece is rotated within the treatment chamber. In many cases, however, simply wetting the workpiece surface is not enough to remove adhering dirt.
  • JP S58210888 A described cleaning device a workpiece within a treatment chamber is sprayed from several sides at the same time.
  • the object of the invention is to specify a method with which metal workpieces, in particular after machining with minimum quantity lubrication, are cleaned and can optionally be dried, with the temperature of the workpiece remaining within a range that allows further processing or assembly without prior tempering.
  • a further object consists in specifying a device with which this method can be carried out.
  • the hot water Before passing through the nozzle, the hot water preferably has a temperature of 70 to 95°C. If steam is used, it preferably has a pressure of 0.2 to 1 MPa, particularly preferably 0.2 to 0.4 MPa, in particular 0.3 MPa (absolute) and a temperature of between 120 and 200° before passing through the nozzle C, particularly preferably 135 to 160 °e, in particular 140 °C
  • steam in particular superheated steam (unsaturated steam or dry steam) or saturated steam
  • water without additives is preferably used to generate steam.
  • An electrode steam generator is preferably used to generate steam.
  • no demineralized water is used, but water with sufficient conductivity, in particular with a mineral content, e.g. tap or well water.
  • the water can be circulated in particular in the circuit.
  • scanning means in this context that the point of impact, i.e. the point at which the jet of steam or hot water hits the surface of the workpiece and impurities from the surface are absorbed in the water or condensed water, on a continuous path in the direction from one end of the workpiece to the other end.
  • This scanning path can have a continuous course from one end to the other or can also consist of several sections. If there are a number of nozzles for jet generation, there can be a number of scanning paths assigned to the individual nozzles, or it is also possible for individual or all nozzles to contribute only one section to a scanning path. In the simplest case, so many nozzles can be arranged around the workpiece that the corresponding scanning points overlap and the entire surface of the workpiece can be cleaned and dried with a simple linear movement.
  • the reduced pressure in the closed container is preferably between 850 and 20 hPa absolute, particularly preferably between 100 and 300 hPa absolute.
  • the method according to the invention can be carried out in such a way that the residues of water remaining on the workpiece surface evaporate completely, i.e. the workpiece surface is dried in the same work step as the cleaning. Since the workpiece is then dry and tempered, it can be further processed or assembled immediately.
  • the scanning of the surface of the workpiece is carried out in such a way that the scanning point moves on a helical path which results from the superposition of a circular movement and a linear movement.
  • the contaminants are transported continuously in a direction opposite to that of the linear movement, towards the end of the workpiece.
  • One nozzle is sufficient for such an embodiment.
  • the linear movement can be continuous. However, it can also be carried out step by step, for example after one or more complete circular movements.
  • the scanning is carried out by moving the workpiece, the nozzle or both parts, with the workpiece being guided in particular linearly past an arrangement with at least one nozzle rotating about an axis parallel to its own axis.
  • the circular movement can be effected in a simple manner, for example, by rotating the workpiece about an axis which coincides with the directional axis of the linear movement. But it is also possible to move the nozzle on a closed path around the workpiece. It can be expedient to bring the nozzle back to the starting point after completing a circular path in order to facilitate the supply of steam or hot water to the nozzle. Linear motion can be stopped during retraction.
  • nozzles there are multiple nozzles present, which are arranged in the direction of the linear movement and/or in a plane around the workpiece, preferably at equal angular distances in each case.
  • the nozzles do not describe complete circular movements but only circular arcs, the length of which can correspond, for example, to the angular distance or a multiple thereof. After moving through such an arc, they are returned, resulting in an oscillating motion. This makes it easier to supply the nozzles with steam or hot water.
  • the workpiece can also be moved in an oscillating manner about an axis. This axis is preferably the direction of linear movement.
  • this transport is also promoted if the nozzles are arranged in relation to the workpiece in such a way that the jet of steam or hot water forms an angle between, for example, 90° and 135°, preferably between 90° and 105°, with the direction of the linear movement. forms, that is directed obliquely downwards.
  • additional nozzles can preferably be attached, in which the jet of steam or hot water is perpendicular to the linear movement or at an angle of, for example, 45 to 90°, preferably 75 to 90°, i.e. directed obliquely upwards.
  • nozzles on a for example cross or disc-shaped nozzle carrier which is further preferably set up rotatably.
  • the jet directions of the one or more nozzles can form an angle of 0 to 45°, preferably 0 to 15°, with a perpendicular to the surface to be treated, ie can be aligned perpendicularly or obliquely to this surface.
  • the direction of the inclined position may change.
  • nozzles from different directions within the stated limits can also be arranged on a nozzle carrier. This further improves the cleaning effect on complex components (with jagged surfaces).
  • the invention is particularly suitable for machined metal workpieces.
  • the speed of a rotating nozzle carrier is preferably above 750 min -1 , particularly preferably between 1250 min -1 and 1750 rpm , especially at 1500 rpm .
  • a certain area around the axis of rotation can be left free.
  • This area can be provided with a rotor blade structure, possibly with openings on the rear side, and then generates a suction effect away from the workpiece as a result of the rotation, which promotes the removal of condensate and water vapor as well as drying.
  • the water running down from the workpiece as well as the spray water running down the inner wall of the container collects in a sump at the bottom of the container and can be sucked off or drained from there.
  • the method according to the invention can be supplemented by applying, preferably spraying, an aqueous solution of a cleaning agent to the surface of the closed container before the workpiece is placed in the closed container for cleaning and drying, as is the case, for example, in pending patent application DE 10 2014 101 123 A1 is described.
  • a cleaning concentrate containing at least 0.5 percent by weight of a nonionic or anionic surfactant is applied to the workpiece.
  • the nonionic surfactant can be an alkoxylate of a fatty alcohol having from 6 to 22 carbon atoms in the alkyl group.
  • the anionic surfactant can be a sulfate, sulfonate, or carboxylic acid having an aliphatic, aromatic, or aliphatic-aromatic hydrocarbyl group.
  • the cleaning solution can also be applied by temporarily immersing it in a bath.
  • the surface temperature of the workpiece behind the point of impact is measured without contact.
  • the vacuum and mass flow of the steam or hot water are then regulated in such a way that the desired surface temperature, for example the temperature in the workpiece before cleaning or the temperature prevailing during further processing or assembly, is achieved. This can prevent the workpiece temperature from being changed by the use of the method according to the invention and thus the dimensions of the workpiece being changed.
  • the method is preferably carried out in such a way that the temperature of the workpiece after the end of the cleaning and, if necessary, drying does not deviate by more than 2 K from the temperature before the cleaning.
  • the invention also includes an apparatus for carrying out the method described above, having the features of the preamble of claim 7.
  • These means for adjusting the mass flow can, for example adjust either the pressure of the water or steam, or the flow resistance of the lines and nozzles, or both.
  • the flow resistance can be adjusted, for example, by means of throttle valves, variable orifices or the like.
  • the device according to the invention preferably comprises a nozzle arrangement in which a plurality of nozzles are arranged on at least one closed curve surrounding the workpiece.
  • This closed curve can be, for example, a circle in a plane or else a zigzag-shaped closed line. Closed curves are also possible, which are specially adapted to the shape of the workpiece. As a result, the workpiece can be completely cleaned with a simple linear movement, optionally combined with an optionally oscillating rotation.
  • the at least one nozzle arrangement of the device according to the invention comprises at least one nozzle which can rotate about an axis which is parallel to and/or spaced from its own axis.
  • Several nozzles can also be mounted on a rotating head.
  • the scanning path generated by such a nozzle arrangement is then created by superimposing a circular movement and the linear movement of the workpiece and/or the nozzle arrangement.
  • the nozzles can also be aligned at an angle of, for example, 0 to 45°, preferably 0 to 15°, to the axis of rotation.
  • the nozzles are attached to a multi-armed nozzle carrier in such a way that a central area around the axis of rotation remains free of nozzles.
  • the nozzle carrier can be provided with a rotor blade structure, possibly with openings to the rear, so that during rotation a suction effect occurs from the nozzle side to the rear.
  • the holder for the workpiece is also used as a closure for the opening of the treatment chamber. This can be easily implemented if the holder can be moved into and out of the treatment chamber.
  • the device preferably also comprises means with which the surface temperature of the workpiece can be measured at at least one specific point.
  • means for non-contact measurement are preferred. These can be infrared thermometers, for example, in which the area of the workpiece to be measured is imaged by infrared optics on a suitable detector, and this measuring line can also be adjusted to the emission properties of the workpiece surface.
  • the device according to the invention preferably comprises a control device which automatically controls either the steam or hot water flow or the negative pressure or both on the basis of the measured surface temperature and its deviation from a set setpoint.
  • the inner wall of the container can also be contaminated by splashing of the cleaning water containing the removed contaminants, it is advantageously coated with a dirt and water-repellent substance such as polytetrafluoroethylene or silicone resin.
  • the inventive method can be incorporated into automatic production processes, it being between the machining or forming and assembly can take place. Since it allows cleaning and drying in one operation, the entire process is simplified. In particular, it is suitable for the automated cleaning and, if necessary, drying of components in the automotive industry, in particular components of internal combustion engines, for example engine blocks, cylinder heads, crankshaft housings, transmission housings and the like.
  • the method according to the invention can easily be integrated into the cycle of corresponding production lines.
  • the usual cycle time of the process in the manufacture of cylinder heads or engine blocks for passenger car engines can be broken down in three roughly equal parts into the actual cleaning and drying process, ventilation and opening of the vacuum chamber and changing the workpiece with closing the chamber and creating the vacuum be divided, for example, each about 10 s at a cycle time of about 30 s in total.
  • the process is suitable for workpieces made from a variety of materials, such as iron, gray cast iron, steel, brass, bronze, zinc and its alloys. In particular, it is advantageous for materials made of light metals, which typically have higher thermal expansion coefficients.
  • Examples are aluminum, aluminum alloys with silicon, magnesium, copper, in particular cast aluminum alloys, magnesium, magnesium alloys, titanium and its alloys.
  • the method according to the invention greatly reduces the amount of contaminated waste water compared to the prior art, resulting in a reduction in costs.
  • the energy consumption in the method according to the invention can be kept comparable or even lower than in conventional cleaning with compressed air. In doing so, however, the surface is completely freed from moisture, lubricant residues and other contaminants, which is not possible with compressed air.
  • FIG 1 a device for carrying out the method according to the invention is shown in a schematic longitudinal section.
  • the device comprises a container 1 which is open at the top and can be closed in a vacuum-tight manner by a lid 2 with the participation of a seal 3 .
  • the tank 1 continues downwards via a connecting pipe 13 to a sump tank 10 .
  • a workpiece 4 to be cleaned is accommodated in the container 1 and held by a holder.
  • this holder and the passage through the edge of the container that may be necessary for the execution of the linear and rotary movement of the workpiece 4 are not shown here, but can easily be supplemented by a person skilled in the art.
  • This Holder with the workpiece 4 can perform a rotational movement, described by the closed arrow 7, about an axis 5 and, at the same time, a linear movement in the direction of the arrow 6, which lies in the axis 5 here.
  • the axis of rotation 5 of the workpiece is aligned vertically here.
  • a sump 11 can form in the sump container 10 as a result of draining, possibly contaminated water, which can be drained or sucked off via a sump valve 12 .
  • a negative pressure can be generated in the container 1 when the pump 20 sucks air out of the interior of the container 1 via the vacuum line 21 .
  • the vacuum line 21 can be connected to the sump tank 10 or also directly to the tank 1 .
  • a nozzle 27 is built into the wall of the container 1 and is connected via a line 26 to a steam or hot water generating unit. This unit can be controlled with regard to the pressure and temperature of the steam or hot water. This also allows the mass flow of the respective medium to be controlled.
  • the nozzle 27 forms an obtuse angle ⁇ of about 110° in this case, for example, with the vertical or the axis 5 of the workpiece.
  • the jet 28 of the medium strikes the surface of the workpiece 4 at an impact point at almost the same angle.
  • An infrared temperature sensor 31 is also installed in the wall of the container 1, in which the measuring point 36 on the surface of the workpiece 4 is imaged by infrared optics on a detector, which emits a signal corresponding to the surface temperature via a measuring line 32.
  • a negative pressure sensor 30 is also installed in the wall of container 1, which sends a signal corresponding to the negative pressure in container 1 via a measuring line 33 gives.
  • a control unit 35 receives signals via the measuring lines 32 and 33 and controls the mass flow of the respective medium emitted by the generation of a 25 via the control lines 40 and 41 in such a way that the temperature measured by the temperature sensor 31 via the measuring line 32 assumes a specified setpoint value.
  • the container 1 is first opened by removing the cover 2 and the workpiece 4 is brought into the working position, where it is held by the holder (not shown) so that it can rotate and slide. It is initially in the lower starting position shown in dashed lines.
  • the container 1 is sealed airtight by placing the lid 2 using the seal 3.
  • the generating unit 25 and the vacuum pump 20 are now switched on via the control unit 35 and the linear and rotary movement of the workpiece 4 is initiated.
  • the end face of the workpiece 4 and then the side face are first cleaned by the jet of steam or hot water 28 .
  • the mass flow and negative pressure are regulated by the control unit 35 from the initially preset initial values in such a way that the preset setpoint temperature at the measuring point 36 results.
  • figure 2 illustrates the course of cleaning after the in figure 1 shown embodiment of the invention.
  • the steam or hot water jet Due to the linear movement of the workpiece 4, the steam or hot water jet first strikes the side surface of the workpiece 4 at the point of impact 51 and then travels along the imaginary scanning path 50 in a helical manner around the workpiece 4 until it has scanned the entire surface.
  • the linear and rotary movements are coordinated in such a way that during one revolution of the workpiece 4 it is moved linearly by a stroke h.
  • the point of impact 51, 52 is not punctiform, but due to the inclined position of the nozzle 27 approximately elliptical with a vertical major axis.
  • the degree of overlap can be changed by adjusting the stroke h.
  • FIG 3 shows schematically a second embodiment of the device according to the invention in cross section, only the modified components being shown.
  • four nozzles 68 are arranged in a plane on the periphery of the container 1 at the same angular distance from each other. These act on the surface of the workpiece 4 at the same time.
  • figure 4 illustrates the course of the through the nozzles 68 in figure 3
  • the embodiment shown generates four scanning paths 60 on the surface of the workpiece 4
  • Workpiece 4 moves linearly by the stroke in 1 revolution. Again, the impact points 61 of the adjacent scanning paths 60 overlap and the extent of the overlap can be adjusted by adjusting the stroke as needed.
  • a cylinder head for a passenger car engine was treated according to the invention.
  • a commercially available adhesive film was placed on a smooth, cleaned and dried surface and adhered firmly to it over the entire surface.
  • the adhesive film could not be attached to the same smooth surface either.
  • This exemplary embodiment differs primarily in the further development of the return circuit via which cleaning liquid is recovered from the treatment chamber 1 .
  • the vapors generated by the negative pressure and the temperature are sucked out of the treatment chamber 1 via a first filter unit 71 by the vacuum pump 20 and then fed to a downstream second filter and separator stage 72 which has an oil separator 74 .
  • the outlet of the filter unit 71 opens into the oil separator 74.
  • the vacuum pump 20 is connected to a condensation unit 73, the return of which also opens into the oil separator 74.
  • the steam generator 25 is fed from a clean tank 75 in the second filter and separator stage 72 via a water pump 76 in a supply line 77 .
  • the outlet pressure of the steam generator 25 and the suction effect of the vacuum pump 20 ensure that steam is injected with a high dynamic jet pressure.
  • Fresh water is only supplied as needed because of the losses in the second filter and separator stage 72 .
  • figure 5 also schematically illustrates a holder 78 for the workpiece 4 that can be automatically moved into and out of the treatment chamber on two axes H, V.
  • the holder 78 also forms a pressure-tight seal for the opening of the treatment chamber 1 in the working position.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Cleaning By Liquid Or Steam (AREA)
EP17720474.0A 2016-04-27 2017-04-27 Verfahren und vorrichtung zum reinigen von werkstücken aus metall Active EP3448590B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102016107840.9A DE102016107840A1 (de) 2016-04-27 2016-04-27 Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Reinigen von Werkstücken aus Metall
PCT/EP2017/060140 WO2017186888A1 (de) 2016-04-27 2017-04-27 Verfahren und vorrichtung zum reinigen von werkstücken aus metall

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3448590A1 EP3448590A1 (de) 2019-03-06
EP3448590B1 true EP3448590B1 (de) 2023-08-02

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EP17720474.0A Active EP3448590B1 (de) 2016-04-27 2017-04-27 Verfahren und vorrichtung zum reinigen von werkstücken aus metall

Country Status (7)

Country Link
US (1) US20190210073A1 (ru)
EP (1) EP3448590B1 (ru)
CN (2) CN115156139A (ru)
DE (1) DE102016107840A1 (ru)
HU (1) HUE064643T2 (ru)
RU (1) RU2741977C2 (ru)
WO (1) WO2017186888A1 (ru)

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DE102017125666A1 (de) 2017-11-02 2019-05-02 Elwema Automotive Gmbh Vorrichtung und Verfahren zum Reinigen von Werkstücken mittels eines Dampfstrahls und Dampferzeuger hierfür
CN113865317B (zh) * 2021-09-17 2022-09-27 温州市万荣电镀有限公司 一种电镀件清洁烘干装置
CN115808055B (zh) * 2022-12-15 2023-04-14 山东华燚工程技术有限公司 一种磷酸铁一体干燥装置、干燥系统及干燥方法
CN116317917B (zh) * 2023-03-30 2023-10-20 中国水利水电第十二工程局有限公司 一种光伏发电装置

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CN204974573U (zh) * 2015-09-10 2016-01-20 无锡新弘田环保技术有限公司 一种清洗干燥设备

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Publication number Publication date
RU2018137901A3 (ru) 2020-07-23
RU2741977C2 (ru) 2021-02-01
DE102016107840A1 (de) 2017-11-02
RU2018137901A (ru) 2020-05-27
EP3448590A1 (de) 2019-03-06
WO2017186888A1 (de) 2017-11-02
CN109328117B (zh) 2022-04-19
US20190210073A1 (en) 2019-07-11
CN115156139A (zh) 2022-10-11
HUE064643T2 (hu) 2024-04-28
CN109328117A (zh) 2019-02-12

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