EP3448590B1 - Method and device for cleaning metal workpieces - Google Patents
Method and device for cleaning metal workpieces Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP3448590B1 EP3448590B1 EP17720474.0A EP17720474A EP3448590B1 EP 3448590 B1 EP3448590 B1 EP 3448590B1 EP 17720474 A EP17720474 A EP 17720474A EP 3448590 B1 EP3448590 B1 EP 3448590B1
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- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- workpiece
- steam
- cleaning
- nozzle
- nozzles
- Prior art date
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- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 title claims description 44
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 38
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 7
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 title claims description 7
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 57
- 230000033001 locomotion Effects 0.000 claims description 32
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000000356 contaminant Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000012459 cleaning agent Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000005461 lubrication Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002313 adhesive film Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003945 anionic surfactant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003125 aqueous solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000005068 cooling lubricant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002736 nonionic surfactant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009736 wetting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910001369 Brass Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000906 Bronze Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001060 Gray iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000861 Mg alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003082 abrasive agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000000712 assembly Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000429 assembly Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000889 atomisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010951 brass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010974 bronze Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 1
- 150000001732 carboxylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000000739 chaotic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- KUNSUQLRTQLHQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper tin Chemical compound [Cu].[Sn] KUNSUQLRTQLHQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002191 fatty alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000013505 freshwater Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000001183 hydrocarbyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010808 liquid waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- -1 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004810 polytetrafluoroethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000005871 repellent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920002050 silicone resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M sulfonate Chemical compound [O-]S(=O)=O BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000008399 tap water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000020679 tap water Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000005496 tempering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000001291 vacuum drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002351 wastewater Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000020681 well water Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002349 well water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B08—CLEANING
- B08B—CLEANING IN GENERAL; PREVENTION OF FOULING IN GENERAL
- B08B3/00—Cleaning by methods involving the use or presence of liquid or steam
- B08B3/02—Cleaning by the force of jets or sprays
- B08B3/024—Cleaning by means of spray elements moving over the surface to be cleaned
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B08—CLEANING
- B08B—CLEANING IN GENERAL; PREVENTION OF FOULING IN GENERAL
- B08B3/00—Cleaning by methods involving the use or presence of liquid or steam
- B08B3/02—Cleaning by the force of jets or sprays
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B08—CLEANING
- B08B—CLEANING IN GENERAL; PREVENTION OF FOULING IN GENERAL
- B08B3/00—Cleaning by methods involving the use or presence of liquid or steam
- B08B3/04—Cleaning involving contact with liquid
- B08B3/10—Cleaning involving contact with liquid with additional treatment of the liquid or of the object being cleaned, e.g. by heat, by electricity or by vibration
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B08—CLEANING
- B08B—CLEANING IN GENERAL; PREVENTION OF FOULING IN GENERAL
- B08B3/00—Cleaning by methods involving the use or presence of liquid or steam
- B08B3/04—Cleaning involving contact with liquid
- B08B3/10—Cleaning involving contact with liquid with additional treatment of the liquid or of the object being cleaned, e.g. by heat, by electricity or by vibration
- B08B3/14—Removing waste, e.g. labels, from cleaning liquid; Regenerating cleaning liquids
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F26—DRYING
- F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
- F26B11/00—Machines or apparatus for drying solid materials or objects with movement which is non-progressive
- F26B11/02—Machines or apparatus for drying solid materials or objects with movement which is non-progressive in moving drums or other mainly-closed receptacles
- F26B11/04—Machines or apparatus for drying solid materials or objects with movement which is non-progressive in moving drums or other mainly-closed receptacles rotating about a horizontal or slightly-inclined axis
- F26B11/049—Machines or apparatus for drying solid materials or objects with movement which is non-progressive in moving drums or other mainly-closed receptacles rotating about a horizontal or slightly-inclined axis with provisions for working under increased or reduced pressure, with or without heating
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F26—DRYING
- F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
- F26B5/00—Drying solid materials or objects by processes not involving the application of heat
- F26B5/04—Drying solid materials or objects by processes not involving the application of heat by evaporation or sublimation of moisture under reduced pressure, e.g. in a vacuum
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B08—CLEANING
- B08B—CLEANING IN GENERAL; PREVENTION OF FOULING IN GENERAL
- B08B2230/00—Other cleaning aspects applicable to all B08B range
- B08B2230/01—Cleaning with steam
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for cleaning metal workpieces having the features of the preamble of claim 1 and a device suitable for carrying out the method having the features of the preamble of claim 7.
- contamination such as residues of the cooling lubricant
- Numerous methods are known for this purpose, using aqueous or non-aqueous solvents, with aqueous solvents being preferred recently because they cause less costs and environmental problems.
- the workpieces are usually immersed in the solvent and/or treated with a jet of the solvent.
- DE 44 10 550 C1 describes a method for drying workpieces, which have been subjected to a cleaning and rinsing process, in a pressure-tight chamber, the parts in the chamber first being heated by water vapor introduced at overpressure, the parts first being rinsed by the condensation water formed. If the pressure is then reduced below atmospheric pressure, if necessary, then the residues of condensation water on the surface of the parts evaporate, which can then be taken out of the chamber dry.
- the parts are subject to strong temperature fluctuations, for example from over 100 °C to almost 0 °C.
- Workpiece surface can be completely removed.
- DE19609119A1 describes another purification method.
- the workpiece is to be cleaned in a treatment chamber in which negative pressure prevails.
- the cleaning agent In order to come into contact with the cleaning agent, the workpiece is rotated within the treatment chamber. In many cases, however, simply wetting the workpiece surface is not enough to remove adhering dirt.
- JP S58210888 A described cleaning device a workpiece within a treatment chamber is sprayed from several sides at the same time.
- the object of the invention is to specify a method with which metal workpieces, in particular after machining with minimum quantity lubrication, are cleaned and can optionally be dried, with the temperature of the workpiece remaining within a range that allows further processing or assembly without prior tempering.
- a further object consists in specifying a device with which this method can be carried out.
- the hot water Before passing through the nozzle, the hot water preferably has a temperature of 70 to 95°C. If steam is used, it preferably has a pressure of 0.2 to 1 MPa, particularly preferably 0.2 to 0.4 MPa, in particular 0.3 MPa (absolute) and a temperature of between 120 and 200° before passing through the nozzle C, particularly preferably 135 to 160 °e, in particular 140 °C
- steam in particular superheated steam (unsaturated steam or dry steam) or saturated steam
- water without additives is preferably used to generate steam.
- An electrode steam generator is preferably used to generate steam.
- no demineralized water is used, but water with sufficient conductivity, in particular with a mineral content, e.g. tap or well water.
- the water can be circulated in particular in the circuit.
- scanning means in this context that the point of impact, i.e. the point at which the jet of steam or hot water hits the surface of the workpiece and impurities from the surface are absorbed in the water or condensed water, on a continuous path in the direction from one end of the workpiece to the other end.
- This scanning path can have a continuous course from one end to the other or can also consist of several sections. If there are a number of nozzles for jet generation, there can be a number of scanning paths assigned to the individual nozzles, or it is also possible for individual or all nozzles to contribute only one section to a scanning path. In the simplest case, so many nozzles can be arranged around the workpiece that the corresponding scanning points overlap and the entire surface of the workpiece can be cleaned and dried with a simple linear movement.
- the reduced pressure in the closed container is preferably between 850 and 20 hPa absolute, particularly preferably between 100 and 300 hPa absolute.
- the method according to the invention can be carried out in such a way that the residues of water remaining on the workpiece surface evaporate completely, i.e. the workpiece surface is dried in the same work step as the cleaning. Since the workpiece is then dry and tempered, it can be further processed or assembled immediately.
- the scanning of the surface of the workpiece is carried out in such a way that the scanning point moves on a helical path which results from the superposition of a circular movement and a linear movement.
- the contaminants are transported continuously in a direction opposite to that of the linear movement, towards the end of the workpiece.
- One nozzle is sufficient for such an embodiment.
- the linear movement can be continuous. However, it can also be carried out step by step, for example after one or more complete circular movements.
- the scanning is carried out by moving the workpiece, the nozzle or both parts, with the workpiece being guided in particular linearly past an arrangement with at least one nozzle rotating about an axis parallel to its own axis.
- the circular movement can be effected in a simple manner, for example, by rotating the workpiece about an axis which coincides with the directional axis of the linear movement. But it is also possible to move the nozzle on a closed path around the workpiece. It can be expedient to bring the nozzle back to the starting point after completing a circular path in order to facilitate the supply of steam or hot water to the nozzle. Linear motion can be stopped during retraction.
- nozzles there are multiple nozzles present, which are arranged in the direction of the linear movement and/or in a plane around the workpiece, preferably at equal angular distances in each case.
- the nozzles do not describe complete circular movements but only circular arcs, the length of which can correspond, for example, to the angular distance or a multiple thereof. After moving through such an arc, they are returned, resulting in an oscillating motion. This makes it easier to supply the nozzles with steam or hot water.
- the workpiece can also be moved in an oscillating manner about an axis. This axis is preferably the direction of linear movement.
- this transport is also promoted if the nozzles are arranged in relation to the workpiece in such a way that the jet of steam or hot water forms an angle between, for example, 90° and 135°, preferably between 90° and 105°, with the direction of the linear movement. forms, that is directed obliquely downwards.
- additional nozzles can preferably be attached, in which the jet of steam or hot water is perpendicular to the linear movement or at an angle of, for example, 45 to 90°, preferably 75 to 90°, i.e. directed obliquely upwards.
- nozzles on a for example cross or disc-shaped nozzle carrier which is further preferably set up rotatably.
- the jet directions of the one or more nozzles can form an angle of 0 to 45°, preferably 0 to 15°, with a perpendicular to the surface to be treated, ie can be aligned perpendicularly or obliquely to this surface.
- the direction of the inclined position may change.
- nozzles from different directions within the stated limits can also be arranged on a nozzle carrier. This further improves the cleaning effect on complex components (with jagged surfaces).
- the invention is particularly suitable for machined metal workpieces.
- the speed of a rotating nozzle carrier is preferably above 750 min -1 , particularly preferably between 1250 min -1 and 1750 rpm , especially at 1500 rpm .
- a certain area around the axis of rotation can be left free.
- This area can be provided with a rotor blade structure, possibly with openings on the rear side, and then generates a suction effect away from the workpiece as a result of the rotation, which promotes the removal of condensate and water vapor as well as drying.
- the water running down from the workpiece as well as the spray water running down the inner wall of the container collects in a sump at the bottom of the container and can be sucked off or drained from there.
- the method according to the invention can be supplemented by applying, preferably spraying, an aqueous solution of a cleaning agent to the surface of the closed container before the workpiece is placed in the closed container for cleaning and drying, as is the case, for example, in pending patent application DE 10 2014 101 123 A1 is described.
- a cleaning concentrate containing at least 0.5 percent by weight of a nonionic or anionic surfactant is applied to the workpiece.
- the nonionic surfactant can be an alkoxylate of a fatty alcohol having from 6 to 22 carbon atoms in the alkyl group.
- the anionic surfactant can be a sulfate, sulfonate, or carboxylic acid having an aliphatic, aromatic, or aliphatic-aromatic hydrocarbyl group.
- the cleaning solution can also be applied by temporarily immersing it in a bath.
- the surface temperature of the workpiece behind the point of impact is measured without contact.
- the vacuum and mass flow of the steam or hot water are then regulated in such a way that the desired surface temperature, for example the temperature in the workpiece before cleaning or the temperature prevailing during further processing or assembly, is achieved. This can prevent the workpiece temperature from being changed by the use of the method according to the invention and thus the dimensions of the workpiece being changed.
- the method is preferably carried out in such a way that the temperature of the workpiece after the end of the cleaning and, if necessary, drying does not deviate by more than 2 K from the temperature before the cleaning.
- the invention also includes an apparatus for carrying out the method described above, having the features of the preamble of claim 7.
- These means for adjusting the mass flow can, for example adjust either the pressure of the water or steam, or the flow resistance of the lines and nozzles, or both.
- the flow resistance can be adjusted, for example, by means of throttle valves, variable orifices or the like.
- the device according to the invention preferably comprises a nozzle arrangement in which a plurality of nozzles are arranged on at least one closed curve surrounding the workpiece.
- This closed curve can be, for example, a circle in a plane or else a zigzag-shaped closed line. Closed curves are also possible, which are specially adapted to the shape of the workpiece. As a result, the workpiece can be completely cleaned with a simple linear movement, optionally combined with an optionally oscillating rotation.
- the at least one nozzle arrangement of the device according to the invention comprises at least one nozzle which can rotate about an axis which is parallel to and/or spaced from its own axis.
- Several nozzles can also be mounted on a rotating head.
- the scanning path generated by such a nozzle arrangement is then created by superimposing a circular movement and the linear movement of the workpiece and/or the nozzle arrangement.
- the nozzles can also be aligned at an angle of, for example, 0 to 45°, preferably 0 to 15°, to the axis of rotation.
- the nozzles are attached to a multi-armed nozzle carrier in such a way that a central area around the axis of rotation remains free of nozzles.
- the nozzle carrier can be provided with a rotor blade structure, possibly with openings to the rear, so that during rotation a suction effect occurs from the nozzle side to the rear.
- the holder for the workpiece is also used as a closure for the opening of the treatment chamber. This can be easily implemented if the holder can be moved into and out of the treatment chamber.
- the device preferably also comprises means with which the surface temperature of the workpiece can be measured at at least one specific point.
- means for non-contact measurement are preferred. These can be infrared thermometers, for example, in which the area of the workpiece to be measured is imaged by infrared optics on a suitable detector, and this measuring line can also be adjusted to the emission properties of the workpiece surface.
- the device according to the invention preferably comprises a control device which automatically controls either the steam or hot water flow or the negative pressure or both on the basis of the measured surface temperature and its deviation from a set setpoint.
- the inner wall of the container can also be contaminated by splashing of the cleaning water containing the removed contaminants, it is advantageously coated with a dirt and water-repellent substance such as polytetrafluoroethylene or silicone resin.
- the inventive method can be incorporated into automatic production processes, it being between the machining or forming and assembly can take place. Since it allows cleaning and drying in one operation, the entire process is simplified. In particular, it is suitable for the automated cleaning and, if necessary, drying of components in the automotive industry, in particular components of internal combustion engines, for example engine blocks, cylinder heads, crankshaft housings, transmission housings and the like.
- the method according to the invention can easily be integrated into the cycle of corresponding production lines.
- the usual cycle time of the process in the manufacture of cylinder heads or engine blocks for passenger car engines can be broken down in three roughly equal parts into the actual cleaning and drying process, ventilation and opening of the vacuum chamber and changing the workpiece with closing the chamber and creating the vacuum be divided, for example, each about 10 s at a cycle time of about 30 s in total.
- the process is suitable for workpieces made from a variety of materials, such as iron, gray cast iron, steel, brass, bronze, zinc and its alloys. In particular, it is advantageous for materials made of light metals, which typically have higher thermal expansion coefficients.
- Examples are aluminum, aluminum alloys with silicon, magnesium, copper, in particular cast aluminum alloys, magnesium, magnesium alloys, titanium and its alloys.
- the method according to the invention greatly reduces the amount of contaminated waste water compared to the prior art, resulting in a reduction in costs.
- the energy consumption in the method according to the invention can be kept comparable or even lower than in conventional cleaning with compressed air. In doing so, however, the surface is completely freed from moisture, lubricant residues and other contaminants, which is not possible with compressed air.
- FIG 1 a device for carrying out the method according to the invention is shown in a schematic longitudinal section.
- the device comprises a container 1 which is open at the top and can be closed in a vacuum-tight manner by a lid 2 with the participation of a seal 3 .
- the tank 1 continues downwards via a connecting pipe 13 to a sump tank 10 .
- a workpiece 4 to be cleaned is accommodated in the container 1 and held by a holder.
- this holder and the passage through the edge of the container that may be necessary for the execution of the linear and rotary movement of the workpiece 4 are not shown here, but can easily be supplemented by a person skilled in the art.
- This Holder with the workpiece 4 can perform a rotational movement, described by the closed arrow 7, about an axis 5 and, at the same time, a linear movement in the direction of the arrow 6, which lies in the axis 5 here.
- the axis of rotation 5 of the workpiece is aligned vertically here.
- a sump 11 can form in the sump container 10 as a result of draining, possibly contaminated water, which can be drained or sucked off via a sump valve 12 .
- a negative pressure can be generated in the container 1 when the pump 20 sucks air out of the interior of the container 1 via the vacuum line 21 .
- the vacuum line 21 can be connected to the sump tank 10 or also directly to the tank 1 .
- a nozzle 27 is built into the wall of the container 1 and is connected via a line 26 to a steam or hot water generating unit. This unit can be controlled with regard to the pressure and temperature of the steam or hot water. This also allows the mass flow of the respective medium to be controlled.
- the nozzle 27 forms an obtuse angle ⁇ of about 110° in this case, for example, with the vertical or the axis 5 of the workpiece.
- the jet 28 of the medium strikes the surface of the workpiece 4 at an impact point at almost the same angle.
- An infrared temperature sensor 31 is also installed in the wall of the container 1, in which the measuring point 36 on the surface of the workpiece 4 is imaged by infrared optics on a detector, which emits a signal corresponding to the surface temperature via a measuring line 32.
- a negative pressure sensor 30 is also installed in the wall of container 1, which sends a signal corresponding to the negative pressure in container 1 via a measuring line 33 gives.
- a control unit 35 receives signals via the measuring lines 32 and 33 and controls the mass flow of the respective medium emitted by the generation of a 25 via the control lines 40 and 41 in such a way that the temperature measured by the temperature sensor 31 via the measuring line 32 assumes a specified setpoint value.
- the container 1 is first opened by removing the cover 2 and the workpiece 4 is brought into the working position, where it is held by the holder (not shown) so that it can rotate and slide. It is initially in the lower starting position shown in dashed lines.
- the container 1 is sealed airtight by placing the lid 2 using the seal 3.
- the generating unit 25 and the vacuum pump 20 are now switched on via the control unit 35 and the linear and rotary movement of the workpiece 4 is initiated.
- the end face of the workpiece 4 and then the side face are first cleaned by the jet of steam or hot water 28 .
- the mass flow and negative pressure are regulated by the control unit 35 from the initially preset initial values in such a way that the preset setpoint temperature at the measuring point 36 results.
- figure 2 illustrates the course of cleaning after the in figure 1 shown embodiment of the invention.
- the steam or hot water jet Due to the linear movement of the workpiece 4, the steam or hot water jet first strikes the side surface of the workpiece 4 at the point of impact 51 and then travels along the imaginary scanning path 50 in a helical manner around the workpiece 4 until it has scanned the entire surface.
- the linear and rotary movements are coordinated in such a way that during one revolution of the workpiece 4 it is moved linearly by a stroke h.
- the point of impact 51, 52 is not punctiform, but due to the inclined position of the nozzle 27 approximately elliptical with a vertical major axis.
- the degree of overlap can be changed by adjusting the stroke h.
- FIG 3 shows schematically a second embodiment of the device according to the invention in cross section, only the modified components being shown.
- four nozzles 68 are arranged in a plane on the periphery of the container 1 at the same angular distance from each other. These act on the surface of the workpiece 4 at the same time.
- figure 4 illustrates the course of the through the nozzles 68 in figure 3
- the embodiment shown generates four scanning paths 60 on the surface of the workpiece 4
- Workpiece 4 moves linearly by the stroke in 1 revolution. Again, the impact points 61 of the adjacent scanning paths 60 overlap and the extent of the overlap can be adjusted by adjusting the stroke as needed.
- a cylinder head for a passenger car engine was treated according to the invention.
- a commercially available adhesive film was placed on a smooth, cleaned and dried surface and adhered firmly to it over the entire surface.
- the adhesive film could not be attached to the same smooth surface either.
- This exemplary embodiment differs primarily in the further development of the return circuit via which cleaning liquid is recovered from the treatment chamber 1 .
- the vapors generated by the negative pressure and the temperature are sucked out of the treatment chamber 1 via a first filter unit 71 by the vacuum pump 20 and then fed to a downstream second filter and separator stage 72 which has an oil separator 74 .
- the outlet of the filter unit 71 opens into the oil separator 74.
- the vacuum pump 20 is connected to a condensation unit 73, the return of which also opens into the oil separator 74.
- the steam generator 25 is fed from a clean tank 75 in the second filter and separator stage 72 via a water pump 76 in a supply line 77 .
- the outlet pressure of the steam generator 25 and the suction effect of the vacuum pump 20 ensure that steam is injected with a high dynamic jet pressure.
- Fresh water is only supplied as needed because of the losses in the second filter and separator stage 72 .
- figure 5 also schematically illustrates a holder 78 for the workpiece 4 that can be automatically moved into and out of the treatment chamber on two axes H, V.
- the holder 78 also forms a pressure-tight seal for the opening of the treatment chamber 1 in the working position.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Cleaning By Liquid Or Steam (AREA)
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zum Reinigen von Werkstücken aus Metall mit den Merkmalen des Oberbegriffs des Anspruchs 1 sowie eine zur Durchführung des Verfahrens geeignete Vorrichtung mit den Merkmalen des Oberbegriffs des Anspruchs 7.The invention relates to a method for cleaning metal workpieces having the features of the preamble of
Werkstücke aus Metall werden in der Massenproduktion häufig auf automatischen Fertigungsstraßen bearbeitet und fertiggestellt. Besonders in der Automobilindustrie spielen solche Verfahren eine große Rolle. Dabei werden häufig spanende Bearbeitungsverfahren angewendet, in denen Schmiermittel eingesetzt werden sowie Späne und Grate entstehen. In der letzten Zeit hat sich die so genannte Minimalmengenschmierung durchgesetzt, bei der nur geringe Mengen, beispielsweise < 100 (Mindermengenkühlschmierung, MMKS) oder gar < 20 ml/h (Minimalmengenschmierung, MMS), des Kühlschmiermittels angewendet werden. Dies hat unter anderem den Vorteil, dass nur sehr geringe Mengen an flüssigen Abfällen auftreten und dass die anfallenden Späne nicht verunreinigt werden und leicht der Wiederverwendung zugeführt werden können. Bevor solche Werkstücke weiterbearbeitet oder in Baugruppen montiert werden, müssen Verunreinigungen, etwa durch Reste des Kühlschmiermittels, entfernt werden. Hierzu sind zahlreiche Verfahren bekannt, die wässrige oder nicht wässrige Lösemittel anwenden, wobei neuerdings wässrige Lösungsmittel bevorzugt werden, da sie weniger Kosten und Umweltprobleme verursachen.In mass production, metal workpieces are often processed and finished on automatic production lines. Such processes play a particularly important role in the automotive industry. Machining processes are often used in which lubricants are used and chips and burrs are produced. So-called minimum quantity lubrication has recently become established, in which only small quantities, for example <100 (minimum quantity cooling lubrication, MQL) or even <20 ml/h (minimum quantity lubrication, MQL), of the cooling lubricant are used. Among other things, this has the advantage that only very small amounts of liquid waste occur and that the chips produced are not contaminated and can easily be recycled. Before such workpieces are further processed or assembled in assemblies, contamination, such as residues of the cooling lubricant, must be removed. Numerous methods are known for this purpose, using aqueous or non-aqueous solvents, with aqueous solvents being preferred recently because they cause less costs and environmental problems.
Üblicherweise werden die Werkstücke in die Lösemittel eingetaucht und/oder mit einem Strahl des Lösemittels behandelt.The workpieces are usually immersed in the solvent and/or treated with a jet of the solvent.
Dabei werden nicht nur Schmiermittelreste und Späne, sondern auch störende Grate entfernt.Not only lubricant residues and chips are removed, but also annoying burrs.
In der
In industriellen Reinigungsprozessen ist die Anwendung von Unterdruck zum Zwecke der Trocknung von gereinigten Werkstücken beim sog. "Vakuumtrocknen" bekannt. Die Trocknung erfolgt hierbei im Anschluss an die eigentliche Reinigung in einem separaten Arbeitsschritt.In industrial cleaning processes, the use of negative pressure for the purpose of drying cleaned workpieces in so-called "vacuum drying" is known. Drying takes place in a separate work step after the actual cleaning.
Werkstückoberfläche vollständig entfernt werden.Workpiece surface can be completely removed.
Es hat sich gezeigt, dass es nachteilig ist, wenn die Teile nach dem Reinigen und gegebenenfalls Trocknen eine wesentlich andere Temperatur als die Umgebung, in der die weitere Bearbeitung bzw. Montage stattfinden soll, haben. Beispielsweise wird ein Werkstück aus Aluminium (linearer thermischer Ausdehnungskoeffizient 23 * 10-6) mit einem Durchmesser von 100 mm bei einer Erwärmung um 10 K um 23 µm größer. Soll es in eine entsprechend große Bohrung eingebaut werden, dann verändert sich durch Temperaturausgleich der Charakter der Passung. Bei einer weiteren Bearbeitung besteht andererseits die Gefahr, dass zu viel Material entfernt wird. Das Werkstück muss also vor der Montage temperiert werden, was bei größeren Objekten einen merklichen Zeitaufwand erfordert.It has been shown that it is disadvantageous if, after cleaning and, if necessary, drying, the parts have a significantly different temperature than the environment in which further processing or assembly is to take place. For example, a workpiece made of aluminum (linear thermal expansion coefficient 23 * 10-6 ) with a diameter of 100 mm becomes 23 µm larger when heated by 10 K. If it is installed in a correspondingly large bore, the character of the fit changes as a result of temperature compensation. On the other hand, with further processing there is a risk that too much material will be removed. The workpiece must therefore be tempered before assembly, which requires a noticeable amount of time in the case of larger objects.
Bei der in
Die Erfindung stellt sich die Aufgabe, ein Verfahren anzugeben, mit dem Werkstücke aus Metall, insbesondere nach spanender Bearbeitung unter Minimalmengenschmierung, gereinigt und gegebenenfalls getrocknet werden können, wobei die Temperatur des Werkstücks in einem Rahmen bleibt, der eine weitere Bearbeitung oder eine Montage ohne vorherige Temperierung ermöglicht. Eine weitere Aufgabe besteht darin, eine Vorrichtung anzugeben, mit der sich dieses Verfahren ausführen lässt.The object of the invention is to specify a method with which metal workpieces, in particular after machining with minimum quantity lubrication, are cleaned and can optionally be dried, with the temperature of the workpiece remaining within a range that allows further processing or assembly without prior tempering. A further object consists in specifying a device with which this method can be carried out.
Diese Aufgaben werden gelöst durch ein Verfahren nach dem Anspruch 1 und eine Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 8.These objects are achieved by a method according to
Es wurde nämlich überraschenderweise gefunden, dass bei der Reinigung mit einem Strahl aus Dampf- und/oder Heißwasser, insbesondere aus Wasserdampf, die vorhandenen Verunreinigungen vom Werkstück abgestreift werden können, wenn ein solcher Strahl abtastend relativ zur Oberfläche des Werkstücks geführt wird, wenn gleichzeitig ein Unterdruck gegenüber dem äußeren Atmosphärendruck eingestellt wird. Durch den Unterdruck wird das auf der Oberfläche verbleibende Wasser verdampft und dabei der bearbeiteten Stelle die durch den Dampf bzw. das Heißwasser zugeführte Wärme zumindest teilweise wieder entzogen, so dass diese Stelle die vor der Bearbeitung herrschende Temperatur wieder annimmt, bevor die Wärme sich im Werkstück ausbreiten kann. Die Verunreinigungen werden dabei mit dem gegebenenfalls kondensierten Wasser sowohl in der Abtastrichtung über die Oberfläche transportiert und können am Ende der Abtastbahn in einen Sumpf abtropfen, als auch durch Verspritzen von der Oberfläche entfernt. An der Auftreffstelle bleibt nur reines Wasser, gegebenenfalls aus der Kondensation des Dampfs, zurück, das aufgrund des Unterdrucks rückstandsfrei verdampfen kann.Surprisingly, it was found that when cleaning with a jet of steam and/or hot water, in particular steam, the impurities present can be stripped off the workpiece if such a jet is scanned relative to the surface of the workpiece if at the same time a Negative pressure is set compared to the external atmospheric pressure. The water remaining on the surface is evaporated by the negative pressure and the heat supplied by the steam or hot water is at least partially withdrawn from the processed area, so that this area resumes the temperature prevailing before the processing before the heat penetrates the workpiece can spread. The contaminants are transported with the possibly condensed water both in the scanning direction over the surface and can drip off into a sump at the end of the scanning path, and also removed from the surface by spraying. Only pure water remains at the point of impact, possibly from the condensation of the steam, which can evaporate without residue due to the negative pressure.
Das Heißwasser hat vor dem Passieren der Düse bevorzugt eine Temperatur von 70 bis 95 °C. Wird Dampf angewendet, dann hat dieser vor dem Passieren der Düse bevorzugt einen Druck von 0,2 bis 1 MPa, besonders bevorzugt 0,2 bis 0,4 MPa, insbesondere 0,3 MPa (absolut) und eine Temperatur zwischen 120 und 200 °C, besonders bevorzugt 135 bis 160 °e, insbesondere 140 °CBefore passing through the nozzle, the hot water preferably has a temperature of 70 to 95°C. If steam is used, it preferably has a pressure of 0.2 to 1 MPa, particularly preferably 0.2 to 0.4 MPa, in particular 0.3 MPa (absolute) and a temperature of between 120 and 200° before passing through the nozzle C, particularly preferably 135 to 160 °e, in particular 140 °C
Die Verwendung von Wasserdampf, insbesondere von Heißdampf (ungesättigter Dampf bzw. Trockendampf) oder Sattdampf, ist bevorzugt. Vorzugsweise wird zur Dampferzeugung Wasser ohne Zusätze verwendet.The use of steam, in particular superheated steam (unsaturated steam or dry steam) or saturated steam, is preferred. Water without additives is preferably used to generate steam.
Es wird bevorzugt ein Elektroden-Dampferzeuger zur Dampferzeugung eingesetzt. Hierbei wird vorzugsweise kein demineralisiertes Wasser, sondern Wasser mit ausreichender Leitfähigkeit, insbesondere mit Mineralgehalt verwendet, z.B. Leitungs- oder Brunnenwasser. Das Wasser kann dabei insbesondere im Kreislauf zirkuliert werden.An electrode steam generator is preferably used to generate steam. Here preferably no demineralized water is used, but water with sufficient conductivity, in particular with a mineral content, e.g. tap or well water. The water can be circulated in particular in the circuit.
Betreffend die Relativbewegung des Strahls bedeutet "abtastend" in diesem Zusammenhang, dass die Auftreffstelle, d.h. die Stelle an der der Strahl aus Dampf bzw. Heißwasser auf die Oberfläche des Werkstücks trifft und Verunreinigungen von der Oberfläche im Wasser bzw. Kondenswasser aufgenommen werden, auf einer zusammenhängenden Bahn in der Richtung von einem Ende des Werkstücks zum anderen Ende geführt wird. Diese Abtastbahn kann einen zusammenhängenden Verlauf von einem Ende zum anderen haben oder auch aus mehreren Abschnitten bestehen. Sind mehrere Düsen zur Strahlerzeugung vorhanden, können mehrere den einzelnen Düsen zugeordnete Abtastbahnen vorhanden sein oder es können auch einzelne oder alle Düsen nur jeweils einen Abschnitt zu einer Abtastbahn beitragen. Im einfachsten Fall können so viele Düsen um das Werkstück angeordnet sein, dass sich die entsprechenden Abtaststellen überlappen und durch eine einfache Linearbewegung die gesamte Oberfläche des Werkstücks gereinigt und getrocknet werden kann.Regarding the relative movement of the jet, "scanning" means in this context that the point of impact, i.e. the point at which the jet of steam or hot water hits the surface of the workpiece and impurities from the surface are absorbed in the water or condensed water, on a continuous path in the direction from one end of the workpiece to the other end. This scanning path can have a continuous course from one end to the other or can also consist of several sections. If there are a number of nozzles for jet generation, there can be a number of scanning paths assigned to the individual nozzles, or it is also possible for individual or all nozzles to contribute only one section to a scanning path. In the simplest case, so many nozzles can be arranged around the workpiece that the corresponding scanning points overlap and the entire surface of the workpiece can be cleaned and dried with a simple linear movement.
Der verminderte Druck im geschlossenen Behälter liegt bevorzugt zwischen 850 und 20 hPa absolut, besonders bevorzugt zwischen 100 und 300 hPa absolut.The reduced pressure in the closed container is preferably between 850 and 20 hPa absolute, particularly preferably between 100 and 300 hPa absolute.
In bevorzugter Ausführung kann das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren so ausgeführt werden, dass die an der Werkstückoberfläche zurückgebliebenen Reste von Wasser vollständig verdampft, d.h. dass eine Trocknung der Werkstückoberfläche im gleichen Arbeitsschritt wie die Reinigung erfolgt. Da das Werkstück danach trocken und temperiert ist, kann es unmittelbar weiterbearbeitet oder montiert werden.In a preferred embodiment, the method according to the invention can be carried out in such a way that the residues of water remaining on the workpiece surface evaporate completely, i.e. the workpiece surface is dried in the same work step as the cleaning. Since the workpiece is then dry and tempered, it can be further processed or assembled immediately.
Das Abtasten der Oberfläche des Werkstücks wird so durchgeführt, dass die Abtaststelle sich auf einer schraubenförmigen Bahn bewegt, die sich durch Überlagerung einer Kreisbewegung und einer Linearbewegung ergibt. Hierbei erfolgt der Transport der Verunreinigungen kontinuierlich in einer Richtung, die der der Linearbewegung entgegengesetzt ist, zum Ende des Werkstücks hin. Für eine solche Ausführungsform ist eine Düse ausreichend. Die Linearbewegung kann kontinuierlich sein. Sie kann aber auch schrittweise beispielsweise nach jeweils einer oder mehreren vollständigen Kreisbewegungen ausgeführt werden.The scanning of the surface of the workpiece is carried out in such a way that the scanning point moves on a helical path which results from the superposition of a circular movement and a linear movement. Here, the contaminants are transported continuously in a direction opposite to that of the linear movement, towards the end of the workpiece. One nozzle is sufficient for such an embodiment. The linear movement can be continuous. However, it can also be carried out step by step, for example after one or more complete circular movements.
Das Abtasten erfolgt, indem das Werkstück, die Düse oder beide Teile bewegt werden, wobei das Werkstück insbesondere linear an einer Anordnung mit mindestens einer um eine zu ihrer eigenen Achse parallele Achse rotierenden Düse vorbeigeführt wird.The scanning is carried out by moving the workpiece, the nozzle or both parts, with the workpiece being guided in particular linearly past an arrangement with at least one nozzle rotating about an axis parallel to its own axis.
Die kreisförmige Bewegung kann beispielsweise auf einfache Weise bewirkt werden, indem das Werkstück um eine Achse gedreht wird, die mit der Richtungsachse der Linearbewegung zusammenfällt. Es ist aber auch möglich, die Düse auf einer geschlossenen Bahn um das Werkstück zu bewegen. Dabei kann es zweckmäßig sein, die Düse nach Vollendung einer Kreisbahn wieder zum Ausgangspunkt zurückzuführen, um die Versorgung der Düse mit Dampf bzw. Heißwasser zu erleichtern. Während der Rückführung kann die Linearbewegung angehalten werden.The circular movement can be effected in a simple manner, for example, by rotating the workpiece about an axis which coincides with the directional axis of the linear movement. But it is also possible to move the nozzle on a closed path around the workpiece. It can be expedient to bring the nozzle back to the starting point after completing a circular path in order to facilitate the supply of steam or hot water to the nozzle. Linear motion can be stopped during retraction.
Bei einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform sind mehrere Düsen vorhanden, die in Richtung der Linearbewegung und/oder in einer Ebene um das Werkstück herum, vorzugsweise mit jeweils gleichen Winkelabständen, angeordnet sind. Im letzteren Fall kann es vorteilhaft sein, wenn die Düsen keine vollständigen Kreisbewegungen, sondern nur Kreisbögen beschreiben, deren Länge beispielsweise dem Winkelabstand oder einem Vielfachen davon entsprechen kann. Nach der Bewegung über einen solchen Kreisbogen werden sie zurückgeführt, wodurch sich eine oszillierende Bewegung ergibt. Dadurch wird die Versorgung der Düsen mit Dampf oder Heißwasser erleichtert. Stattdessen oder zusätzlich kann auch das Werkstück um eine Achse oszillierend bewegt werden. Diese Achse ist bevorzugt die Richtung der Linearbewegung.In a preferred embodiment, there are multiple nozzles present, which are arranged in the direction of the linear movement and/or in a plane around the workpiece, preferably at equal angular distances in each case. In the latter case, it can be advantageous if the nozzles do not describe complete circular movements but only circular arcs, the length of which can correspond, for example, to the angular distance or a multiple thereof. After moving through such an arc, they are returned, resulting in an oscillating motion. This makes it easier to supply the nozzles with steam or hot water. Instead or in addition, the workpiece can also be moved in an oscillating manner about an axis. This axis is preferably the direction of linear movement.
Ferner ist es vorteilhaft, die Bewegung so auszuführen, dass ihre Richtung senkrecht ist, also beispielsweise das Werkstück senkrecht von unten nach oben und/oder die Düsen von oben nach unten zu bewegen. Dabei unterstützt die Schwerkraft den Transport der Verunreinigungen und des Reinigungswassers zum unteren Bereich des Behälters und zum Sumpf hin.Furthermore, it is advantageous to carry out the movement in such a way that its direction is vertical, that is to say, for example, to move the workpiece vertically from bottom to top and/or to move the nozzles from top to bottom. Gravity assists in transporting the contaminants and cleaning water to the bottom of the tank and to the sump.
Dieser Transport wird bei einer weiteren vorteilhaften Ausführungsform auch gefördert, wenn die Düsen so zur Werkstück angeordnet sind, dass der Strahl aus Dampf oder Heißwasser mit der Richtung der Linearbewegung einen Winkel zwischen beispielsweise 90° und 135°, bevorzugt zwischen 90° und 105°, bildet, das heißt schräg nach unten gerichtet ist. Um bei komplizierteren Werkstücken mit Sacklöchern, Hinterschneidungen und dergleichen die gesamte Oberfläche reinigen zu können, werden können bevorzugt zusätzliche Düsen angebracht werden, bei denen der Strahl aus Dampf oder Heißwasser senkrecht zur Linearbewegung oder in einem Winkel von beispielsweise 45 bis 90°, bevorzugt 75 bis 90° d.h. schräg nach oben gerichtet ist.In a further advantageous embodiment, this transport is also promoted if the nozzles are arranged in relation to the workpiece in such a way that the jet of steam or hot water forms an angle between, for example, 90° and 135°, preferably between 90° and 105°, with the direction of the linear movement. forms, that is directed obliquely downwards. In order to be able to clean the entire surface of more complicated workpieces with blind holes, undercuts and the like, additional nozzles can preferably be attached, in which the jet of steam or hot water is perpendicular to the linear movement or at an angle of, for example, 45 to 90°, preferably 75 to 90°, i.e. directed obliquely upwards.
In einer weiteren bevorzugten Ausführungsform befinden sich eine oder mehrere Düsen auf einem beispielsweise kreuz- oder scheibenförmigen Düsenträger, der weiter bevorzugt drehbar eingerichtet ist. Die Strahlrichtungen der einen oder mehreren Düsen können dabei mit einer Senkrechten zur zu behandelnden Oberfläche einen Winkel von 0 bis 45°, bevorzugt 0 bis 15° bilden, d.h. senkrecht oder schräg zu dieser Oberfläche ausgerichtet sein. Durch Rotation des Düsenträgeres wechselt so ggf. die Richtung der Schrägstellung. Insbesondere können auf einem Düsenträger auch Düsen von in den genannten Grenzen unterschiedlicher Richtung angeordnet sein. Hierdurch wird die Reinigungswirkung bei komplexen Bauteilen (mit zerklüfteten Oberflächen) weiter verbessert. Die Erfindung eignet sich insbesondere für spanabhebend bearbeitete Werkstücke aus Metall.In a further preferred embodiment, there are one or more nozzles on a for example cross or disc-shaped nozzle carrier, which is further preferably set up rotatably. The jet directions of the one or more nozzles can form an angle of 0 to 45°, preferably 0 to 15°, with a perpendicular to the surface to be treated, ie can be aligned perpendicularly or obliquely to this surface. By rotating the nozzle carrier, the direction of the inclined position may change. In particular, nozzles from different directions within the stated limits can also be arranged on a nozzle carrier. This further improves the cleaning effect on complex components (with jagged surfaces). The invention is particularly suitable for machined metal workpieces.
Die Drehzahl eines rotierenden Düsenträgers liegt bevorzugt oberhalb von 750 min-1, besonders bevorzugt zwischen 1250 min-1 und
1750 min-1 , insbesondere bei 1500 min-1 .The speed of a rotating nozzle carrier is preferably above 750 min -1 , particularly preferably between 1250 min -1 and
1750 rpm , especially at 1500 rpm .
Bei der Anordnung der Düsen auf einem Düsenträger kann ein gewisser Bereich um die Rotationsachse freigelassen werden. Dieser Bereich kann mit einer Rotorblattstruktur, ggf. mit Durchbrüchen zur Rückseite, versehen sein und erzeugt dann infolge der Rotation eine Sogwirkung vom Werkstück weg, wodurch der Abtransport von Kondensat und Wasserdampf sowie die Trocknung gefördert werden.When arranging the nozzles on a nozzle carrier, a certain area around the axis of rotation can be left free. This area can be provided with a rotor blade structure, possibly with openings on the rear side, and then generates a suction effect away from the workpiece as a result of the rotation, which promotes the removal of condensate and water vapor as well as drying.
Das vom Werkstück nach unten ablaufende Wasser sowie auch das an der Behälterinnenwand nach unten ablaufende Spritzwasser sammelt sich am Boden des Behälters in einem Sumpf und kann dort abgesaugt oder abgelassen werden.The water running down from the workpiece as well as the spray water running down the inner wall of the container collects in a sump at the bottom of the container and can be sucked off or drained from there.
Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren kann ergänzt werden, indem vor dem Einbringen des Werkstückes in den geschlossenen Behälter zum Reinigen und gegebenenfalls Trocknen auf dessen Oberfläche eine wässrige Lösung eines Reinigungsmittels aufgetragen, bevorzugt aufgesprüht wird, wie es beispielsweise in der anhängigen Patentanmeldung
Hierbei wird auf das Werkstück ein Reinigerkonzentrat mit einem Gehalt von mindestens 0,5 Gewichtsprozent eines nichtionischen oder anionischen Tensids aufgetragen. Das nichtionische Tensid kann ein Alkoxylat eines Fettalkohols mit 6 bis 22 Kohlenstoffatomen im Alkylrest sein. Das anionische Tensid kann ein Sulfat, Sulfonat oder eine Carbonsäure mit aliphatischen, aromatischen oder aliphatischen-aromatischen Kohlenwasserstoffrest sein. Das Auftragen der Reinigungslösung kann auch durch vorübergehendes Eintauchen in ein Bad erfolgen.Here, a cleaning concentrate containing at least 0.5 percent by weight of a nonionic or anionic surfactant is applied to the workpiece. The nonionic surfactant can be an alkoxylate of a fatty alcohol having from 6 to 22 carbon atoms in the alkyl group. The anionic surfactant can be a sulfate, sulfonate, or carboxylic acid having an aliphatic, aromatic, or aliphatic-aromatic hydrocarbyl group. The cleaning solution can also be applied by temporarily immersing it in a bath.
In einer besonders bevorzugten Ausführungsform wird die Oberflächentemperatur des Werkstücks hinter der Auftreffstelle, in deren Bewegungsrichtung gesehen, berührungslos gemessen. Danach werden Unterdruck und Massenstrom des Dampfs oder des Heißwassers so geregelt, dass sich die gewünschte Oberflächentemperatur, beispielsweise die Temperatur im Werkstück vor der Reinigung oder die bei der weiteren Bearbeitung oder Montage herrschende Temperatur ergibt. Dadurch kann verhindert werden, dass die Werkstücktemperatur durch die Anwendung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens und damit die Abmessung des Werkstücks verändert wird.In a particularly preferred embodiment, the surface temperature of the workpiece behind the point of impact, viewed in the direction of movement, is measured without contact. The vacuum and mass flow of the steam or hot water are then regulated in such a way that the desired surface temperature, for example the temperature in the workpiece before cleaning or the temperature prevailing during further processing or assembly, is achieved. This can prevent the workpiece temperature from being changed by the use of the method according to the invention and thus the dimensions of the workpiece being changed.
Bevorzugt wird das Verfahren so ausgeführt, dass die Temperatur des Werkstücks nach Ende der Reinigung und gegebenenfalls Trocknung um nicht mehr als 2 K von der Temperatur vor der Reinigung abweicht. Es ist aber selbstverständlich auch möglich, das Verfahren so auszuführen, dass sich eine vorgegebene Temperaturänderung ergibt.The method is preferably carried out in such a way that the temperature of the workpiece after the end of the cleaning and, if necessary, drying does not deviate by more than 2 K from the temperature before the cleaning. However, it is of course also possible to carry out the method in such a way that a predetermined temperature change results.
Die Erfindung umfasst auch eine Vorrichtung zur Ausführung des oben beschriebenen Verfahrens, mit den Merkmalen des Oberbegriffs des Anspruchs 7.The invention also includes an apparatus for carrying out the method described above, having the features of the preamble of
Diese Mittel zur Einstellung des Massestroms können z.B. sowohl den Druck des Wassers oder Dampfs oder den Strömungswiderstand der Leitungen und Düsen oder auch beides einstellen. Der Strömungswiderstand lässt sich beispielsweise mittels Drosselklappen, veränderlichen Blenden oder dergleichen einstellen.These means for adjusting the mass flow can, for example adjust either the pressure of the water or steam, or the flow resistance of the lines and nozzles, or both. The flow resistance can be adjusted, for example, by means of throttle valves, variable orifices or the like.
Die erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung umfasst vorzugsweise eine Düsenanordnung, bei der mehrere Düsen auf mindestens einer das Werkstück umgebenden geschlossenen Kurve angeordnet sind. Diese geschlossene Kurve kann beispielsweise ein Kreis in einer Ebene oder auch eine zickzackförmige geschlossene Linie sein. Es sind auch geschlossene Kurven möglich, die besonders an die Gestalt des Werkstücks angepasst sind. Dadurch kann das Werkstück mit einer einfachen Linearbewegung, gegebenenfalls kombiniert mit einer gegebenenfalls oszillierenden Rotation, vollständig gereinigt werden.The device according to the invention preferably comprises a nozzle arrangement in which a plurality of nozzles are arranged on at least one closed curve surrounding the workpiece. This closed curve can be, for example, a circle in a plane or else a zigzag-shaped closed line. Closed curves are also possible, which are specially adapted to the shape of the workpiece. As a result, the workpiece can be completely cleaned with a simple linear movement, optionally combined with an optionally oscillating rotation.
Die mindestens eine Düsenanordnung der erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung umfasst mindestens eine Düse, die um eine zu ihrer eigenen Achse parallele und/oder beabstandete Achse rotieren kann. Dabei können auch mehrere Düsen auf einem rotierenden Kopf montiert sein.The at least one nozzle arrangement of the device according to the invention comprises at least one nozzle which can rotate about an axis which is parallel to and/or spaced from its own axis. Several nozzles can also be mounted on a rotating head.
Die von einer solchen Düsenanordnung erzeugte Abtastbahn entsteht dann durch Überlagerung einer Kreisbewegung und der Linearbewegung des Werkstücks und/oder der Düsenanordnung. Die Düsen können auch in einem Winkel von beispielsweise 0 bis 45°, bevorzugt 0 bis 15°, zur Rotationsachse ausgerichtet sein.The scanning path generated by such a nozzle arrangement is then created by superimposing a circular movement and the linear movement of the workpiece and/or the nozzle arrangement. The nozzles can also be aligned at an angle of, for example, 0 to 45°, preferably 0 to 15°, to the axis of rotation.
In einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform sind die Düsen auf einem mehrarmigen Düsenträger so angebracht, dass ein zentraler Bereich um die Rotationsachse frei von Düsen bleibt. Der Düsenträger kann mit einer Rotorblattstruktur, ggf. mit Durchbrüchen zur Rückseite versehen sein, sodass bei der Rotation eine Sogwirkung von der Düsenseite zur Rückseite entsteht.In a preferred embodiment, the nozzles are attached to a multi-armed nozzle carrier in such a way that a central area around the axis of rotation remains free of nozzles. The nozzle carrier can be provided with a rotor blade structure, possibly with openings to the rear, so that during rotation a suction effect occurs from the nozzle side to the rear.
In einer weiteren Ausführungsform wird die Halterung für das Werkstück zugleich als Verschluss für die Öffnung der Behandlungskammer genutzt. Dies lässt sich leicht realisieren, wenn die Halterung in die Behandlungskammer hinein und aus dieser heraus bewegbar ist.In a further embodiment, the holder for the workpiece is also used as a closure for the opening of the treatment chamber. This can be easily implemented if the holder can be moved into and out of the treatment chamber.
Bevorzugt umfasst die Vorrichtung ferner Mittel, mit denen die Oberflächentemperatur des Werkstücks an mindestens einer bestimmten Stelle gemessen werden kann. Um eine Störung des Reinigungs- und gegebenenfalls Trocknungsvorgangs zu vermeiden, werden Mittel zur berührungslosen Messung bevorzugt. Dies können beispielsweise Infrarot-Thermometer sein, bei denen der zu messende Bereich des Werkstücks durch eine Infrarot-Optik auf einem geeigneten Detektor abgebildet wird, wobei diese Messleitung noch auf die Emissionseigenschaften der Werkstückoberfläche eingestellt werden kann.The device preferably also comprises means with which the surface temperature of the workpiece can be measured at at least one specific point. In order to avoid disrupting the cleaning and, if necessary, drying process, means for non-contact measurement are preferred. These can be infrared thermometers, for example, in which the area of the workpiece to be measured is imaged by infrared optics on a suitable detector, and this measuring line can also be adjusted to the emission properties of the workpiece surface.
Wenn die Temperatur der Werkstückoberfläche hinter der Auftreffstelle gemessen werden kann, ist es möglich, den Dampf- bzw. Heißwasserstrom sowie den Unterdruck manuell so zu einzustellen, dass sich die gewünschte Oberflächentemperatur ergibt. Bevorzugt umfasst die erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung aber eine Regeleinrichtung, welche entweder den Dampf- bzw. Heißwasserstrom oder den Unterdruck oder beide automatisch aufgrund der gemessenen Oberflächentemperatur und deren Abweichung von einem eingestellten Sollwert regelt.If the temperature of the workpiece surface can be measured behind the point of impact, it is possible to manually adjust the flow of steam or hot water and the vacuum to achieve the desired surface temperature. However, the device according to the invention preferably comprises a control device which automatically controls either the steam or hot water flow or the negative pressure or both on the basis of the measured surface temperature and its deviation from a set setpoint.
Da die Innenwand des Behälters durch Verspritzen des Reinigungswassers, welches die entfernten Verunreinigungen enthält, ebenfalls verunreinigt werden kann, ist sie vorteilhaft mit einem Schmutz und Wasser abweisenden Stoff, beispielsweise Polytetrafluorethylen oder Silikonharz, beschichtet.Since the inner wall of the container can also be contaminated by splashing of the cleaning water containing the removed contaminants, it is advantageously coated with a dirt and water-repellent substance such as polytetrafluoroethylene or silicone resin.
Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren kann in automatische Produktionsabläufe eingegliedert werden, wobei es zwischen der spanende Bearbeitung oder Umformung und der Montage stattfinden kann. Da es die Reinigung und Trocknung in einem Arbeitsgang ermöglicht, wird der gesamte Ablauf vereinfacht. Insbesondere eignet es sich für die automatisierte Reinigung und gegebenenfalls Trocknung von Bauteilen in der Autoindustrie, insbesondere von Komponenten von Verbrennungsmotoren, beispielsweise von Motorblöcken, Zylinderköpfen, Kurbelwellengehäusen, Getriebegehäusen und dergleichen.The inventive method can be incorporated into automatic production processes, it being between the machining or forming and assembly can take place. Since it allows cleaning and drying in one operation, the entire process is simplified. In particular, it is suitable for the automated cleaning and, if necessary, drying of components in the automotive industry, in particular components of internal combustion engines, for example engine blocks, cylinder heads, crankshaft housings, transmission housings and the like.
Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren lässt sich problemlos in den Takt von entsprechenden Fertigungslinien einfügen. Beispielsweise kann die übliche Taktzeit des Verfahrens bei der Fertigung von Zylinderköpfen oder Motorblöcken für Pkw-Motoren zu drei etwa gleichen Teilen auf den eigentlichen Reinigungs- und Trocknungsvorgang, die Belüftung und Öffnung der Unterdrucckammer sowie den Wechsel des Werkstücks mit Verschließen der Kammer und Herstellen des Unterdrucks aufgeteilt werden, beispielsweise je ca. 10 s bei einer Taktzeit von ca. 30 s insgesamt. Das Verfahren eignet sich für Werkstücke aus einer Vielzahl von Werkstoffen, wie Eisen, Grauguss, Stahl, Messing, Bronze, Zink und seine Legierungen. Insbesondere ist es vorteilhaft für Werkstoffe aus Leichtmetallen, die typischerweise höhere thermische Ausdehnungskoeffizienten aufweisen. Beispiele sind Aluminium, Aluminiumlegierungen mit Silizium, Magnesium, Kupfer, insbesondere Aluminiumgusslegierungen, Magnesium, Magnesiumlegierungen, Titan und seine Legierungen. Durch das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren wird die Menge an verunreinigtem Abwasser gegenüber dem Stand der Technik stark vermindert, wodurch sich eine Kostensenkung ergibt.The method according to the invention can easily be integrated into the cycle of corresponding production lines. For example, the usual cycle time of the process in the manufacture of cylinder heads or engine blocks for passenger car engines can be broken down in three roughly equal parts into the actual cleaning and drying process, ventilation and opening of the vacuum chamber and changing the workpiece with closing the chamber and creating the vacuum be divided, for example, each about 10 s at a cycle time of about 30 s in total. The process is suitable for workpieces made from a variety of materials, such as iron, gray cast iron, steel, brass, bronze, zinc and its alloys. In particular, it is advantageous for materials made of light metals, which typically have higher thermal expansion coefficients. Examples are aluminum, aluminum alloys with silicon, magnesium, copper, in particular cast aluminum alloys, magnesium, magnesium alloys, titanium and its alloys. The method according to the invention greatly reduces the amount of contaminated waste water compared to the prior art, resulting in a reduction in costs.
Der Energieverbrauch beim erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren kann vergleichbar oder sogar geringer gehalten werden als bei der herkömmlichen Reinigung mit Druckluft. Dabei wird aber die Oberfläche vollständig von Feuchtigkeit, Schmiermittelresten und anderen Verunreinigungen befreit, was mit Druckluft nicht möglich ist.The energy consumption in the method according to the invention can be kept comparable or even lower than in conventional cleaning with compressed air. In doing so, however, the surface is completely freed from moisture, lubricant residues and other contaminants, which is not possible with compressed air.
Die Erfindung wird nachstehend mit Bezug auf die beigegebenen Zeichnungen beispielhaft und ohne Beschränkung des Schutzumfangs näher erläutert.
-
zeigt einen schematischen Längsschnitt durch eine erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung nach einer ersten Ausführungsform.Figur 1 -
zeigt eine schematische Seitenansicht des Werkstücks mit der eingezeichneten Abtastbahn der Vorrichtung nachFigur 2Figur 1 . -
Figur 3 zeigt einen schematischen Querschnitt durch eine erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung nach einer zweiten Ausführungsform. -
zeigt eine schematische Seitenansicht des Werkstücks mit eingezeichneten Abtastbahnen der Vorrichtung nachFigur 4Figur 3 ; -
ein alternatives Ausführungsbeispiel mit Rückführung der Reinigungsflüssigkeit als vereinfachtes Flussdiagramm.Figur 5
-
figure 1 shows a schematic longitudinal section through a device according to the invention according to a first embodiment. -
figure 2 shows a schematic side view of the workpiece with the scanning path of the device shownfigure 1 . -
figure 3 shows a schematic cross section through a device according to the invention according to a second embodiment. -
figure 4 shows a schematic side view of the workpiece with marked scanning paths of the devicefigure 3 ; -
figure 5 an alternative embodiment with recirculation of the cleaning liquid as a simplified flow chart.
In
Im Sumpfbehälter 10 kann sich beim Betrieb der Vorrichtung durch ablaufendes, gegebenenfalls verunreinigtes Wasser ein Sumpf 11 bilden, der über ein Sumpfventil 12 abgelassen oder abgesaugt werden kann.During operation of the device, a
In dem Behälter 1 kann ein Unterdruck erzeugt werden, wenn die Pumpe 20 über die Vakuumleitung 21 Luft aus dem Inneren des Behälters 1 absaugt. Die Vakuumleitung 21 kann an den Sumpfbehälter 10 oder auch direkt an den Behälter 1 angeschlossen sein.A negative pressure can be generated in the
In die Wand des Behälters 1 ist eine Düse 27 eingebaut, die über eine Leitung 26 mit einer Erzeugungseinheit für Dampf oder Heißwasser verbunden ist. Diese Einheit ist bezüglich des Drucks und der Temperatur des Dampfs bzw. Heißwassers steuerbar. Dadurch kann auch der Massenstrom des jeweiligen Mediums gesteuert werden. Die Düse 27 bildet mit der Senkrechten bzw. der Achse 5 des Werkstücks einen stumpfen Winkel α von in diesem Fall beispielsweise etwa 110°. Der Strahl 28 des Mediums (Dampf bzw. Heißwasser) trifft nahezu im gleichen Winkel auf die Oberfläche des Werkstücks 4 an einer Auftreffstelle.A
In der Wand des Behälters 1 ist ferner ein Infrarot-Temperatursensor 31 eingebaut, in dem durch eine Infrarotoptik die Messstelle 36 auf der Oberfläche des Werkstücks 4 auf einem Detektor abgebildet wird, der ein der Oberflächentemperatur entsprechendes Signal über eine Messleitung 32 abgibt. Zur Messung des Unterdrucks ist in der Wand des Behälters 1 außerdem ein Unterdrucksensor 30 eingebaut, der ein dem Unterdruck im Behälter 1 entsprechendes Signal über eine Messleitung 33 abgibt.An
Einer Reglereinheit 35 empfängt Signale über die Messleitungen 32 und 33 und steuert über die Steuerleitungen 40 und 41 den von der Erzeugung einer 25 abgegebenen Massestrom des jeweiligen Mediums so, dass die über die Messleitung 32 vom Temperatursensor 31 gemessene Temperatur einen vorgegebenen Sollwert annimmt.A
Zur Reinigung und Trocknung eines Werkstücks 4 wird zunächst der Behälter 1 durch Abnehmen des Deckels 2 geöffnet und das Werkstück 4 in die Arbeitslage gebracht, wo es von der (nicht gezeigten) Halterung drehbar und verschiebbar gehalten wird. Dabei befindet es sich zunächst in der gestrichelt dargestellten unteren Ausgangsposition. Der Behälter 1 wird durch Auflegen des Deckels 2 mithilfe der Dichtung 3 luftdicht verschlossen. Nun wird über die Reglereinheit 35 die Erzeugungseinheit 25 und die Vakuumpumpe 20 eingeschaltet und die Linear- und Drehbewegung des Werkstücks 4 eingeleitet. Dabei wird zunächst die Stirnfläche des Werkstücks 4 und danach die Seitenfläche von dem Dampf- bzw. Heißwasserstrahl 28 gereinigt. Nachdem die Temperatur an der auf der Oberfläche gleitenden Messstelle 36 vom Temperatursensor 31 gemessen wurde, werden Massestrom und Unterdruck durch die Reglereinheit 35 von den zunächst voreingestellten Anfangswerten so geregelt, dass sich die voreingestellte Solltemperatur an der Messstelle 36 ergibt.To clean and dry a
Wird zur Reinigung Dampf verwendet, dann werden Verunreinigungen auf der Oberfläche des Werkstücks 4 teilweise mechanisch durch den übertragenen Impuls des Dampfstrahls als auch durch Dispersion in dem durch Kondensation entstehenden Wasser von der Oberfläche entfernt und vom Wasser mitgenommen. Ähnlich wirkt ein Heißwasserstrahl. Dieses Wasser läuft teilweise auf der Oberfläche des Werkstücks 4 nach und ab, teilweise wird es verspritzt und gelangt an die Innenwand des Behälters 1, wo es ebenfalls nach unten ablaufen kann. Schließlich bleibt ein Teil des Wassers auch benetzend an der Oberfläche zurück und verdampft, wobei es der Oberfläche Wärme entzieht. Das ablaufende Wasser gelangt über das Verbindung 13 in den Sumpfbehälter 10 und bildet den Sumpf 11, der durch das Ventil 12, beispielsweise während der Behälter 1 zum Werkstückwechsel geöffnet ist, abgelassen oder auch, beispielsweise kontinuierlich, abgepumpt werden kann.If steam is used for cleaning, impurities on the surface of the
Zur Demonstration des Reinigungs- und Trocknungseffekts wurde ein Zylinderkopf für einen Pkw-Motor erfindungsgemäß behandelt. Eine handelsübliche Klebefolie wurde auf eine glatte gereinigte und getrocknete Oberfläche aufgelegt und haftete ganzflächig und fest an dieser. Bei einem Vergleichsversuch mit einem auf herkömmliche Weise mit Druckluft gereinigten Zylinderkopf konnte die Klebefolie auch an der gleichen glatten Fläche nicht befestigt werden.To demonstrate the cleaning and drying effect, a cylinder head for a passenger car engine was treated according to the invention. A commercially available adhesive film was placed on a smooth, cleaned and dried surface and adhered firmly to it over the entire surface. In a comparative test with a cylinder head cleaned in the conventional way with compressed air, the adhesive film could not be attached to the same smooth surface either.
In
Dieses Ausführungsbeispiel unterscheidet sich vor allem durch die Weiterbildung des Rückführkreises über den aus der Behandlungskammer 1 Reinigungsflüssigkeit zurückgewonnen wird. Die durch den Unterdruck und die Temperatur erzeugten Dampfschwaden werden aus der Behandlungskammer 1 über eine erste Filtereinheit 71 von der Vakuumpumpe 20 angesaugt und dann einer nachgeschalteten zweiten Filter- und Abscheiderstufe 72 zugeführt, die einen Ölabscheider 74 aufweist. Der Auslass der Filtereinheit 71 mündet in den Ölabscheider 74. Ausgangsseitig ist die Vakuumpumpe 20 mit einer Kondensationseinheit 73 verbunden, deren Rücklauf ebenfalls im Ölabscheider 74 mündet. Von einem Saubertank 75 in der zweiten Filter- und Abscheiderstufe 72 wird über eine Wasserpumpe 76 in einer Zuleitung 77 der Dampferzeugers 25 gespeist. Durch den Ausgangsdruck des Dampferzeugers 25 und die Saugwirkung der Vakuumpumpe 20 wird das Eindüsen von Dampf mit hohem dynamischen Strahldruck gewährleistet. Durch den Kreislauf gemäß
Frischwasser wird nur bedarfsweise aufgrund der Verluste in der zweiten Filter- und Abscheiderstufe 72 zugeführt.Fresh water is only supplied as needed because of the losses in the second filter and
- 11
- Behältercontainer
- 22
- abnehmbarer Deckelremovable lid
- 33
- Dichtungpoetry
- 44
- Werkstückworkpiece
- 55
- Achse des Werkstücksaxis of the workpiece
- 66
- Richtung der Linearbewegungdirection of linear motion
- 77
- Richtung der Drehbewegungdirection of rotation
- 1010
- Sumpfbehältersump tank
- 1111
- Sumpfswamp
- 1212
- Sumpfventilsump valve
- 1313
- Verbindungsrohrconnecting pipe
- 2020
- Vakuumpumpevacuum pump
- 2121
- Unterdruckleitungvacuum line
- 2525
- Erzeugungseinheit für Dampf oder HeißwasserProduction unit for steam or hot water
- 2626
- Leitung für Dampf oder HeißwasserLine for steam or hot water
- 2727
- Düsejet
- 2828
- Dampf- oder HeißwasserstrahlSteam or hot water jet
- 3030
- Unterdrucksensorvacuum sensor
- 3131
- Infrarot-TemperatursensorInfrared temperature sensor
- 3232
- MessleitungMeasurement line
- 3333
- MessleitungMeasurement line
- 3535
- Reglereinheitcontroller unit
- 3636
- Infrarot-MessstelleInfrared measuring point
- 4040
- Steuerleitungcontrol line
- 4141
- Steuerleitungcontrol line
- 6060
- Abtastbahnscanning path
- 52,6152.61
- Auftreffstellepoint of impact
- 6767
- Richtung der Drehbewegungdirection of rotation
- 6868
- Düsennozzles
- h, h4h, h4
- Hub während einer Umdrehung des WerkstücksStroke during one revolution of the workpiece
- 7171
- Filtereinheitfilter unit
- 7272
- Filter- and AbscheiderstufeFilter and separator stage
- 7373
- Kondensationseinheitcondensation unit
- 7474
- Ölabscheideroil separator
- 7575
- Saubertankclean tank
- 7676
- Pumpepump
- 7777
- Zuleitungsupply line
- 7878
- Halterungbracket
Claims (14)
- A method for cleaning the surface of a metal workpiece (4) by means of at least one jet (28) of steam and/or hot water generated by at least one nozzle (27, 68) and impinging on the surface at a point of impingement (51, 52, 61),- wherein during cleaning said point of impingement (51, 52, 61) of the jet (28) is moved relative to said surface in a scanning manner, wherein surface contaminants are transported in the scanning direction towards one end of the workpiece (4),- wherein said method is performed in a closed container (1) in a reduced pressure atmosphere, so that the residues of condensed steam or water that are present on said surface behind said point of impingement (51, 52, 61) in the scanning direction at least partially evaporate,- thereby at least partially extracting from said workpiece (4) the heat supplied by said jet (28), characterized in that the scanning is effected by moving said workpiece (4), said at least one nozzle (27, 68) ad/or both, and the scanning takes place by means of the jet of the nozzle (27, 68) over a scan path (50, 60), which results from superimposing a circular movement of the at least one nozzle (27, 68) and/or of the workpiece (4) and a linear movement of the workpiece (4) and/or the at least one nozzle (27, 68).
- The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the reduced pressure in the container and the mass flow for generating the jet of steam and/or hot water is controlled so that- after the end of said cleaning or cleaning and drying the temperature of said workpiece (4) differs by no more than 5 K from its temperature before the start of cleaning, in particular differs by no more than 2K from the temperature before said cleaning and thereby preferably the surface of said workpiece (4) is dried behind said point of impingement (51, 52, 61) in the same process step.
- The method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that several nozzles (68) are provided, each generating a jet (28) of steam and/or hot water.
- The method according to claim 3, characterized in that said jet (28) forms an angle of between 90 and 135° with the direction of said linear movement.
- The method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that water run-off or water splashes are collected in a sump (11) at the bottom of said container (1) and are pumped off through a filter unit (71), through which a negative pressure generator or a vacuum pump (20) sucks steam with contaminant residues out of said treatment chamber for generating the reduced pressure in the container (1); and/or
in that before said cleaning or said cleaning and drying an aqueous solution of a cleaning agent is applied to said workpiece (4), preferably by spraying. - The method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the surface temperature of said workpiece (4) behind said point of impingement (51, 52, 61), viewed in the direction of movement (6) thereof, is measured in a contactless manner and the negative pressure and the mass flow of said steam or hot water are controlled accordingly.
- A device for cleaning the surface of a workpiece (4) through performing the method according to one of the preceding claims, comprising- a treatment chamber having an opening, which allows the passage of said workpiece (4) to be cleaned and which can be pressure-sealed,- a holder for said workpiece (4), with which it can be held within said treatment chamber and moved within said treatment chamber linearly and vertically,- at least one nozzle arrangement each having one or more nozzles (27, 68), wherein the workpiece (4) can be moved relative to the nozzle arrangement(s) by means of the holder and nozzle arrangement(s) comprise(s) a nozzle carrier which is rotatable relative to the holder,- a negative pressure generator connected to the interior of said treatment chamber for generating a negative pressure,- a generator unit (25) for hot water or steam under increased pressure, which is connected to said nozzle (27, 68) or said nozzles (27, 68), and- means for adjusting the temperature of said hot water or steam and/or means for adjusting the mass flow flowing through said nozzles.
- The device according to claim 7, wherein said negative pressure generator is a vacuum pump (20) and said generator unit (25) is a steam generator.
- The device according to claim 7 or 8, wherein a filter unit is provided, through which said negative pressure generator or said vacuum pump (20) sucks steam with contaminant residues out of said treatment chamber;
wherein a further filter stage and/or separator stage (72) is attached to said filter unit (71) from which recovered cleaning fluid is fed in a closed circuit to said generator unit (25) for hot water or steam. - The device according to claim 7, wherein said means for adjusting the mass flow adjust the pressure of said water or steam and/or the flow resistance of the lines.
- The device according to claim 7, wherein said nozzle arrangement comprises at least one nozzle (27, 68) rotating around an axis of rotation (7, 67) parallel to and/or at a distance from its own axis.
- The device according to claim 7, wherein the nozzle carrier, on which several nozzles (68) of the nozzle arrangement are arranged, is rotatable around an axis of rotation (67) directed towards said workpiece (4), and wherein the nozzles (27, 68) form an angle of between 0 and 45°, preferably 0 to 15°, with the axis of rotation (67), wherein this angle can be the same or different for all the nozzles (27, 68) of this nozzle arrangement.
- The device according to one of the preceding claims 7 to 12, further comprising means for measuring the surface temperature of said workpiece (4), in particular for contactless measuring the surface temperature of said workpiece (4), and preferably further comprising a controller unit (35) for the negative pressure and the mass flow flowing through said nozzles (27, 68) based on the measured surface temperature.
- The device according to one of the preceding claims 7 to 13, wherein said holder (78) can be moved into and out of said treatment chamber and comprises a pressure-resistant closure for said opening of said treatment chamber.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
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DE102016107840.9A DE102016107840A1 (en) | 2016-04-27 | 2016-04-27 | Method and device for cleaning metal workpieces |
PCT/EP2017/060140 WO2017186888A1 (en) | 2016-04-27 | 2017-04-27 | Method and device for cleaning metal workpieces |
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EP3448590A1 EP3448590A1 (en) | 2019-03-06 |
EP3448590B1 true EP3448590B1 (en) | 2023-08-02 |
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EP (1) | EP3448590B1 (en) |
CN (2) | CN115156139A (en) |
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DE102017125666A1 (en) | 2017-11-02 | 2019-05-02 | Elwema Automotive Gmbh | Apparatus and method for cleaning workpieces by means of a steam jet and steam generator therefor |
WO2022006008A1 (en) * | 2020-06-29 | 2022-01-06 | Applied Materials, Inc. | Control of steam generation for chemical mechanical polishing |
CN113865317B (en) * | 2021-09-17 | 2022-09-27 | 温州市万荣电镀有限公司 | Cleaning and drying device for electroplated parts |
CN115808055B (en) * | 2022-12-15 | 2023-04-14 | 山东华燚工程技术有限公司 | Ferric phosphate integrated drying device, drying system and drying method |
CN116317917B (en) * | 2023-03-30 | 2023-10-20 | 中国水利水电第十二工程局有限公司 | Photovoltaic power generation device |
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2016
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2017
- 2017-04-27 EP EP17720474.0A patent/EP3448590B1/en active Active
- 2017-04-27 CN CN202210298115.8A patent/CN115156139A/en active Pending
- 2017-04-27 US US16/096,770 patent/US20190210073A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2017-04-27 WO PCT/EP2017/060140 patent/WO2017186888A1/en active Application Filing
- 2017-04-27 RU RU2018137901A patent/RU2741977C2/en active
- 2017-04-27 HU HUE17720474A patent/HUE064643T2/en unknown
- 2017-04-27 CN CN201780039839.8A patent/CN109328117B/en active Active
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
WO2017186888A1 (en) | 2017-11-02 |
CN109328117B (en) | 2022-04-19 |
EP3448590A1 (en) | 2019-03-06 |
CN115156139A (en) | 2022-10-11 |
CN109328117A (en) | 2019-02-12 |
US20190210073A1 (en) | 2019-07-11 |
HUE064643T2 (en) | 2024-04-28 |
RU2018137901A3 (en) | 2020-07-23 |
RU2741977C2 (en) | 2021-02-01 |
RU2018137901A (en) | 2020-05-27 |
DE102016107840A1 (en) | 2017-11-02 |
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