EP3443178B1 - Floor covering element and floor consisting thereof - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to a floor covering element for building floors with a base plate and at least one base, via which the base plate can be supported on a surface. The invention further relates to a floor consisting of corresponding floor covering elements and an underfloor heating system based thereon.

The term "subsurface" in the sense of the invention refers exclusively to buildings, in particular residential and office buildings, and describes horizontal, load-bearing construction levels, such as (floor) floors or ceilings.

From the DE 40 27 476 A1 Floor covering elements are known which have panels and a web structure made up of several individual webs arranged under the panels. By means of the webwork, the panels are supported against a reinforced concrete structure arranged below the webwork.

In addition, from the WO 88/03207 A1 Floor covering elements are known which rest on a surface with molded feet, with a rigid plate being supported on the feet and thus spaced from the surface.

The previously known floor covering elements have the disadvantage that in some cases a flat surface cannot be formed with them. This results from the fact that the base is usually a locally manufactured construction level, such as a concrete floor, which has unevenness and height tolerances. Rigid elements that are supported on such a construction level therefore have deviations from the horizontal. There is therefore a risk that users of a floor will stumble. There is also the risk that individual rigid floor covering elements are supported on individual elevations or peaks of the subsurface, so that these floor covering elements are tilted. This causes the floor covering elements to wobble.

Furthermore, when rigid floor covering elements are stored on a rigid surface, displacement in the horizontal direction is possible, which causes a lack of connection between the floor covering elements and thus the appearance of open joints.

The previously known floor covering elements have the disadvantage of high sound conductivity, due to the choice and arrangement of the components of the floor covering elements. Particularly in living and working spaces, structure-borne noise is transmitted from the subsurface via the feet into the floor slab, which leads to a significant impairment in the quality of living and working.

The document KR101181696B1 discloses a floor covering element with feet made of foam concrete.

It is therefore the object of the invention to further develop a floor covering element in such a way that the above-mentioned

Disadvantages eliminated and in particular has significantly improved sound insulation properties.

The object according to the invention is achieved by a floor covering element with the features of claim 1. It is provided that the base plate is acoustically decoupled from the subsurface in that the base is at least partially designed as a soundproofing element, with at least one on an underside of the base plate facing the subsurface Recess is formed in which the base is arranged, and that the base is at least partially made of a porous mineral building material with components made of single-grain granules and / or foam glass or foam concrete.

The invention is based on the basic idea that the high sound conductivity of generic floor covering elements is largely due to the connection between the base plate and the base. Because the base is at least partially designed as a soundproofing element, sound, for example structure-borne noise, has to pass through the soundproofing part and is consequently dampened. In this way, cost-effective sound insulation is guaranteed.

Impact sound occurs, for example, when users walk on the floor slab, which causes acoustic vibrations. These vibrations spread along the Base plate and arrive at generic floor covering elements through the feet undamped into the underlying surface. From there the vibrations spread further. By interposing the soundproofing part, these vibrations are now dampened, so that that portion of the sound that passes through the soundproofing part is dampened, preferably in the frequency range of impact sound and/or in the frequency range between 60 Hz and 4 kHz.

The support surface of the soundproofing part can be at least as large as the support surface of the base in order to improve the sound insulation properties of the soundproofing part.

The soundproofing part and/or the base can be designed ring-shaped, cylindrical, pyramid-shaped or conical, with the tip of the pyramid-shaped or conical soundproofing part preferably pointing towards the base. In this way, the sound insulation properties of the soundproofing part and/or the base are enhanced by the design and orientation of the soundproofing part and/or the base.

Supportable in the sense of the invention means that the base plate is arranged at a distance from the subsurface and does not touch the subsurface.

Preferably, the spacing provided by the at least one base and the arrangement of soundproofing parts according to the invention allow the floor plate to be leveled, preferably in an order of magnitude of approximately 2 to 4 millimeters, due to their material elasticities and/or their sliding bearings in the base plate.

In an advantageous development of the invention it is provided that at least three feet, in particular at least four feet, are assigned to each base plate. This configuration ensures that the base plate is supported on the feet in a stable manner, especially under dynamic loads, such as walking movements on the base plate.

Preferably, at least one, in particular exactly one, soundproofing part is assigned to each stand. By providing at least one soundproofing part for each base, the shape, orientation and/or material of the soundproofing part can be coordinated with the base assigned to it, which improves the sound insulation properties.

The base plate can be made from mineral-bound grain mixtures and in particular can be designed as a concrete slab, lightweight concrete slab, foam concrete slab and/or fiber cement slab.

According to the invention, the base is made from a porous mineral building material with components made from single-grain granules, such as gravel grains, and/or from foam glass or foam concrete. In this way, the thermal conductivity properties of the floor covering element are also improved. The soundproofing part can be made from a porous mineral building material, in particular from concrete, or from ceramic or from a fiber composite material or from plastic, in particular from an elastomer, or from foam or from Be made of rubber. As a result, the choice of material for the soundproofing part improves its soundproofing properties. In particular, the soundproofing part can be made of porous concrete, so that its soundproofing properties are also improved.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention it is provided that the at least one base and preferably all feet are directly and firmly connected to the base plate. Alternatively or additionally, it can be provided that the at least one base and preferably all feet are indirectly and firmly connected to the base plate with the interposition of at least one soundproofing part.

According to the invention, it is advantageous if the floor covering element is prefabricated in a factory and in particular a concrete factory in such a way that the floor plate is firmly connected to the feet. The base plate with the attached feet is then brought to a construction site and only needs to be placed on a prepared floor. The soil is preferably a soil made of granular material (fine gravel or aerated concrete, etc.) that is stabilized with a hydraulic binder (cement, etc.). In this way it is ensured that the sound-insulating effect of the soundproofing part and thus of the floor covering element is reliably guaranteed, since the base or feet can be installed on the base plate in the factory and thus under defined working conditions.

If the base or feet are directly connected to the base plate, they can be used as a single piece monolithic component is produced and in particular cast. However, it is also possible to produce the base or feet in a first process step, then to provide each with a soundproofing part and then to attach it firmly to a prefabricated upper plate. If necessary, the base plate can also be cast on.

In an advantageous embodiment, the at least one base and/or the soundproofing part is connected to the base plate in one piece and/or in a form-fitting manner. For example, these parts can be cast into the base plate, for example as part of the manufacturing process of the base plate. In this embodiment, the soundproofing part can have undercuts in order to improve the positive connection.

In addition, non-positive connections of the base and/or the soundproofing part with the base plate are also conceivable. Additionally or alternatively, the base and/or the soundproofing part can be connected to the base plate in a materially bonded manner, for example by gluing or welding.

A further advantageous embodiment provides that the soundproofing part is connected to the base in a materially bonded manner, for example by welding or gluing. In addition or alternatively, a non-positive connection can be designed between the soundproofing part and the base.

According to the invention it is provided that on an underside of the base plate facing the subsurface at least a recess is formed into which the base and/or the at least one soundproofing part is arranged. In this way, the base and/or the soundproofing part can be at least partially accommodated by the recess in the base plate, which results in a compact structure of the floor covering element and at the same time ensures the sound insulation properties of the floor covering element.

In a preferred embodiment, each base is assigned a recess, so that each base can be received by the recess assigned to it. It is provided that the stand protrudes or protrudes from the recess. Advantageously, the shape of the base area of the recess is coordinated with the support surface of the base and/or the soundproofing part and can, for example, be circular or elliptical.

For the further embodiment, it can be provided that the soundproofing part is arranged between a bottom of the recess and an upper end face of the base facing the base plate. In this embodiment, it can be provided in particular that a gap is formed laterally between a peripheral surface of the base and an inner wall of the recess facing the peripheral surfaces of the base, so that the base is not in contact with the inner wall of the recess. The advantage of this design is that it is easy to manufacture.

Alternatively or additionally, the soundproofing part can be located between a peripheral surface of the base and an inner wall be arranged in the recess of the base plate. In a particularly advantageous development of the invention, the soundproofing part is designed in a ring shape (for example as an O-ring) and is connected to the inner wall of the recess in the base plate, so that when the base is inserted into the recess in the baseplate, the soundproofing part encloses the peripheral surface of the base, preferably underneath tight fit. In this embodiment, a gap is preferably formed between the upper end face of the base and the base plate.

In a further embodiment, the base plate is provided with at least one frame part which surrounds the base plate on the circumference. It can preferably be provided that the frame part surrounds the base plate on the circumference. The frame part serves to protect the base plate, since forces occurring from the side initially act on the frame part and this distributes the forces over a larger area. The base plate is protected, particularly under dynamic loads. In an advantageous development of the invention, the frame part is designed as a further soundproofing part, so that lateral transmissions of sound along floor panels in contact are suppressed. This is particularly advantageous when several floor panels are arranged flat against one another, with the frame parts of the floor panels being in contact with one another.

The frame part is preferably attached to the base plate in a form-fitting and/or material-locking manner and is in particular attached to the base plate with a close fit. Furthermore, can the frame part can be made of plastic, concrete, cement, ceramic or cast resin.

Holding devices can be formed on the frame part, which can be brought into engagement with corresponding holding devices of corresponding frame parts of other floor covering elements. In the case of several floor covering elements, the holding devices in particular can be connected to one another. The frame part thus serves as a positioning aid for the floor plate assigned to it, so that lateral displacements of the assigned floor plate are prevented. In particular, the holding effect of the holding devices can be effected or reinforced by means of positive engagement of the holding devices.

In addition, the object according to the invention is achieved with a floor with at least one floor covering element according to the invention, with floor in the sense of the invention denoting an accessible area of a building.

In an advantageous development, the floor according to the invention provides that a bedding layer is provided below the at least one floor slab on the subsurface, with the at least one base being supported directly on the bedding layer. In addition to the thermal insulation properties of the bedding layer compared to the subsurface, the bedding layer serves for further sound insulation and as a positioning aid for the feet. For this purpose, the bedding layer can at least predominantly have loose, granular material or bulk material as well as hydraulically binding granules. The bedding layer can also compensate for larger irregularities in the subsurface, in particular irregularities larger than 4 mm. This bedding layer also prevents the floor covering element from sliding horizontally.

In a further advantageous embodiment, the bedding layer can have a binder which is particularly hydraulically binding, for example cement, and which can consist, for example, of clay, cement or lime. In this way, the base and with it the floor covering element can be positioned in relation to the bedding layer and the subsurface as long as the bedding layer has not yet hardened. After the bedding layer has hardened, a positive and/or cohesive connection is created with the base, so that the base is securely held in its position in relation to the surface.

Several floor panels of the floor can be connected to one another in a form-fitting manner. In this way, impacts between the floor panels during relative lateral movements are avoided, which not only improves the sound insulation properties of the floor, but also its durability.

It is preferably provided that the connected floor panels each have at least one frame part with at least one holding device, the frame parts surrounding the respective floor panels on the circumference and the holding devices of the frame parts engaging with one another in a form-fitting manner. In this way, the holding devices not only improve the sound insulation properties of the floor panels, but also the durability of the floor.

The object according to the invention is also achieved with underfloor heating with a floor according to the invention and an air source from which preferably warm air can be inserted under the base plate. By connecting the floor according to the invention to the air source, underfloor heating is formed which not only has good heat-conducting properties, but also improved sound insulation properties.

Fig. 1a

einen Schnitt durch ein schematisch dargestelltes Bodenbelagelement;

Fig. 1b

einen Schnitt durch ein schematisch dargestelltes Bodenbelagelement mit separaten Schallschutzteilen;

Fig. 2

eine erfindungsgemäße Ausgestaltung des Bodenbelagelements

Fig. 3

eine Weiterbildung des erfindungsgemäßen Bodenbelagelements;

Fig. 4

eine weitere Ausbildung des Bodenbelagelements;

Fig. 5

einen schematischen Schnitt durch eine Fußbodenheizung mit einem Bodenbelagelement;

Fig. 6

einen Fußboden mit Bodenbelagelementen in einer perspektivischen Ansicht von schräg oben und

Fig. 7

eine vergrößerte Darstellung zweier Haltevorrichtungen einer Weiterbildung des Fußbodens gemäß Figur 6.

Further advantages and features of the invention emerge from the claims and the following description, in which exemplary embodiments are explained in detail with reference to the drawings. Show:

Fig. 1a

a section through a schematically illustrated floor covering element;

Fig. 1b

a section through a schematically shown floor covering element with separate soundproofing parts;

Fig. 2

an embodiment of the floor covering element according to the invention

Fig. 3

a further development of the floor covering element according to the invention;

Fig. 4

further training of the floor covering element;

Fig. 5

a schematic section through underfloor heating with a floor covering element;

Fig. 6

a floor with floor covering elements in a perspective view diagonally from above and

Fig. 7

an enlarged view of two holding devices according to a further development of the floor Figure 6 .

Figure 1a shows schematically a floor covering element 10 for buildings in cross section. The floor covering element 10 has a horizontally aligned base plate 11 and two cylindrical feet 12. The feet 12 are arranged on a surface U and support the base plate 11 relative to the surface U. The feet 12 are designed entirely as soundproofing elements, which in Figure 1a is represented by the dotted fill. The base plate 12 is supported with its underside 14 facing the feet 12 on the upper end faces 17 of the feet 12 facing the base plate 11.

Figure 1b shows another embodiment of the floor covering element 10. Two soundproofing parts 13 can be seen there, which indirectly connect the floor plate 11 with the feet 12. No other connection between the base plate 11 and the feet 12 is provided. In the in Figure 1b In the illustration shown, the soundproofing parts 13 are each arranged between an underside 14 of the base plate 11 facing the feet 12 and the end faces 17 of the feet 12 facing the base plate 11.

The embodiments of the Figures 1a and 1b are not necessarily alternative to each other. In particular, in one embodiment of the floor covering element 10, both Feet 12, some of which are designed as soundproofing elements, as well as separate soundproofing parts 13 may be provided. After Figure 1b the soundproofing parts 13 are cylindrical, their base surfaces corresponding to the surfaces of the upper end faces 17 of the feet 12. The soundproofing parts 13 are glued to the base plate 11, but can alternatively or additionally be glued to the feet 12. In addition, the soundproofing parts 13 can also be positively connected to the base plate 11, for example by being cast into it.

While the base plate 11 is made of concrete and the feet 12 are made of porous mineral building materials, for example foam glass, the switching protection parts 13 can also consist of these building materials. In addition, other materials are conceivable, such as ceramics, concrete or plastics or rubber.

The soundproofing parts 13 are characterized in that they insulate passing sound so that it is not transmitted beyond the soundproofing parts 13. This is particularly true for frequencies between 60 Hz and 4 kHz. For example, a person standing on the base plate 11 can generate impact noise that spreads along the surface of the base plate 11. The sound reaches the soundproofing parts 13 via the underside 14 of the base plate 11, where it is dampened so that no significant proportion of sound reaches the feet 12 and is conducted into the subsurface U. In addition, sound is attenuated in the opposite direction from the ground U towards the base plate 11 by the soundproofing parts 13.

Figure 2 shows an embodiment of the floor covering element 10 according to the invention with two rectangular recesses 15 on the underside 14 of the base plate 11, two soundproofing parts 13 and two feet 12. The recesses 15 of the base plate 11 each have a base 16 and inner walls 19. In the embodiment shown, the two soundproofing parts 13 are arranged on the bottoms 16 of the recesses 15 and are connected to the feet 12 in such a way that the feet 12 partially protrude into the recesses 15. Open spaces are formed between lateral peripheral surfaces 18 of the feet 12 and the inner walls 19 of the recesses 15, so that the feet 12 are only indirectly in contact with the base plate 11.

The length of the feet 12 is such that the feet 12 protrude from the recesses 15 and the base plate 11 is supported on the surface U at a distance. The distance between the base plate 11 and the subsurface U is smaller than in the exemplary embodiment Figure 1b , which corresponds to a more compact structure of the floor covering element 10.

In Figure 3 a further embodiment of the floor covering element 10 according to the invention is shown, which is similar to the embodiment of Figure 2 has two recesses 15 on the underside 14 of the base plate 11. However, the soundproofing parts 13 are in contrast to the soundproofing parts 13 Figures 1 and 2 designed as annular soundproofing parts 13 and arranged on the inner walls 19 of the recesses 15. The soundproofing parts 13 enclose the peripheral surfaces 18 of the feet 12 in a close fit and are laterally between the feet 12 and the base plate 11 arranged. A gap is formed between the bottoms 16 of the recesses 15 and the upper end faces 17 of the feet 12, so that the feet are only indirectly in contact with the base plate 11.

In contrast, they show Figures 1b and 2 the soundproofing parts 13 in a vertical arrangement between the feet 12 and the base plate 11. In Figure 3 Two soundproofing parts 13 are provided for each recess 15, arranged vertically one above the other. The feet 12 are according to Figure 3 held positively and/or non-positively by the soundproofing parts 13, so that the base plate 11 is supported against the ground U via the connection between the soundproofing parts 13 and the feet 12.

In Figure 4 For each recess 15, both a soundproofing part 13 between the upper end faces 17 of the feet 12 and the bottoms 16 of the recesses 15 and two annular soundproofing parts 13 are arranged laterally between the inner walls 19 of the recesses 15 and the peripheral surfaces 18 of the feet with a close fit. This results in a particularly stable structure of the floor covering element 10, in which the feet 12 are held both positively and non-positively.

Figure 5 shows a floor 22 with two floor covering elements 10, each of which has two soundproofing parts 13 and two feet 12 and with a bedding layer 23 above the subsurface U. The floor panels 11 are arranged horizontally next to each other to form a gap 26 between the two floor panels 11. On the undersides 14 The floor panels 11 have two soundproofing parts 13 arranged, which in turn rest on the upper end faces 17 of the two feet 12. The feet 12 are only indirectly in contact with the subsurface U via the bedding layer 23. The bedding layer 23 is made of hydraulically binding granules, with a binding agent, for example cement, being added.

When the bedding layer 23 is in a formable state, the floor covering elements 10 and in particular their feet 12 can be positioned before the bedding layer 23 hardens. After the bedding layer 23 has hardened, the feet 12 are fixed in their position in relation to the subsurface U. This results in a stable structure of the floor 22, which reliably dampens impact noise, particularly by means of the soundproofing parts 13.

Figure 5 also shows an air source 25, which can introduce fresh or warm air into the area between the floor panels 11 and the bedding layer 23. This creates underfloor heating 24. The fresh or warm air flowing below the floor plates 11 can, for example, flow into the room area above the floor plates 11 by means of the gap 26 between the two floor plates 11, so that this room area is supplied with fresh or warm air.

Figure 6 shows a further embodiment of the floor 22, in which each floor covering element 10 has a frame part 20 which laterally encloses the floor plate 11 assigned to it over its entire circumference, so that each floor plate 11 is enclosed in the frame part 20 assigned to it with a tight fit. Each frame part 20 is provided with jagged holding devices 21 provided, which can be brought into positive engagement with complementary holding devices 21 of other frame parts 20. In the exemplary embodiment shown Figure 6 the holding devices 21 are designed as triangular projections and depressions. In this way, lateral relative movements between the floor covering elements 10 are prevented. This results in a stable structure of the floor 22 shown, which in particular prevents individual floor panels 11 from slipping.

Figure 7 shows an alternative embodiment of the holding devices 12 of the frame parts 20 of a further development of the floor 22 Fig. 6 in detailed view. Each holding device 21 is provided with undercuts 28 and projections 29, which can be brought into positive engagement with complementary holding devices 21. This is done by first lifting the base plate 11 to be fastened with its frame part 20 and, in the raised state, aligning the holding device 21 laterally so that it is vertically above the holding device 21 of the underlying base plate 11. By lowering the base plate 11 to be fastened, the undercuts 28 and the projections 29 of the holding device 21 of the upper base plate 11 engage in correspondingly complementary holding devices 21 of the underlying base plate 11. This creates a positive fastening of two floor panels 11, so that lateral relative movements of the floor panels 11 are prevented.

Claims (14)

1. Floor covering element (10) for floors of buildings, comprising a floor panel (11) made of a mineral-bound aggregate, and at least one support foot (12) via which the floor panel (11) can be supported on a substrate (U), the floor panel (11) being acoustically decoupled from the substrate (U) in that the support foot (12) is at least partially in the form of a soundproofing element, characterized in that at least one recess (15) is formed in a lower side (14) of the floor panel (11) facing the substrate (U), in which recess the support foot (12) is arranged, and in that the support foot (12) is manufactured at least partially from a porous mineral building material having components of uniform granulates and/or from foamed glass or foamed concrete.
2. Floor covering element according to claim 1, characterized in that the floor panel (11) is only indirectly in contact with the support foot (12) by at least one soundproofing part (13) being arranged between the floor panel (11) and the support foot (12).
3. Floor covering element according to claim 2, characterized in that at least one, in particular precisely one, soundproofing part (13) is assigned to each support foot (12).
4. Floor covering element according to either claim 2 or 3,
   characterized in that the soundproofing part (13) is manufactured at least partially from a mineral-bound aggregate, from a porous mineral building material, in particular from concrete, or from ceramic or from a fiber composite material or from plastics material, in particular from an elastomer, or from foam or from rubber.
5. Floor covering element according to any of claims 1 to 4,
   characterized in that the at least one support foot (12) is directly fixedly connected to the floor panel (11).
6. Floor covering element according to any of claims 1 to 5,
   characterized in that the at least one support foot (12) and/or the soundproofing part (13) is integrally and/or form-fittingly connected to the floor panel (11) and in particular is cast into the floor panel (11).
7. Floor covering element according to any of claims 2 to 6,
   characterized in that the at least one soundproofing part (13) is arranged in the recess (15).
8. Floor covering element according to claim 7, characterized in that the soundproofing part (13) is arranged between a bottom (16) of the recess (15) and an upper end face (17) of the support foot (12) facing the floor panel (11).
9. Floor covering element according to either claim 7 or 8,
   characterized in that the soundproofing part (13) is arranged between a peripheral surface (18) of the support foot (12) and an inner wall (19) of the recess (15) of the floor panel (11).
10. Floor covering element according to any of claims 1 to 9,
    characterized in that at least three support feet (12), in particular at least four support feet (12), are associated with each floor panel (11).
11. Floor (22) having at least one floor covering element (10) according to any of claims 1 to 10.
12. Floor according to claim 11, characterized in that a bedding layer (23) is provided on the substrate (U) below the at least one floor panel (11), the at least one support foot (12) being mounted directly on the bedding layer (23) and the bedding layer (23) comprising loose granular material and a hydraulically binding binder.
13. Floor according to claim 12, characterized in that, in its cured state, the bedding layer (23) is connected to the support foot (12) in a form-fitting and/or integrally bonded manner.
14. Floor according to any of claims 11 to 13, characterized in that a plurality of floor panels (11) are form-fittingly interconnected.

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