EP2910707B1 - Support element for a double or false floor - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to a support element for a double or raised floor, which is arranged between a subfloor and a support floor and having a soundproofing element.

Such support elements are used in the production of cavity and raised floors to form between a subfloor, for example in the form of a concrete concrete slab, and a support floor a cavity. The support floor is, for example, in a double bottom composed of a plurality of juxtaposed plates, which are supported on a support surface of the support elements. The support elements are usually adjustable in height and are conveniently placed in a predetermined grid on the floor. To accommodate the support base, the support elements usually have a support plate, the upper side form a flat support surface on which the bottom plates of the support floor can be stored. The bottom plates of the support floor can consist of different materials, such as metal, wood, cement fibers, plastic, fiber composites, etc. On the plates of the support floor is usually laid a decorative topping, for example, formed by a carpet, laminate or parquet flooring becomes. The cavity formed by the support elements between the subfloor and the support floor can be used for laying cables and cables, in particular for the laying of electrical and data cables. In the case of a hollow floor, the support floor comprises an at least largely continuous surface (except for access openings), for example in the form of a screed or a carpet covering.

A hollow floor of this kind is for example in the DE 20 2006 017 171 U1 described. The problem with such cavity floors is the sound and impact sound insulation. To improve the sound and impact sound insulation is in the DE 10 2004 005 764 A1 a sound-insulating floor structure has been proposed which comprises a group of support legs and base plates of a support floor arranged thereon. The support legs are placed in a predetermined grid on a subfloor, the support legs have at its lower end on elastic feet that on the subfloor be set up. In a preferred embodiment, the elastic feet of the support legs on its underside at least three projections, which are in contact with the subfloor. On the support legs bottom slabs of a support floor are placed to form a lower layer of soil and on this underlying bottom layer, an intermediate material of a hard plate or a high-density fiberboard and thereon a flooring material, such as a plywood laminate, laid. The support legs are designed to be adjustable in height to set a variable distance between the subfloor and the underlying soil layer. To improve the sound and impact sound insulation of this floor structure, the support legs on a vibration-resistant elastic foot made of an elastic material, such as rubber, and a plurality of projections on the underside of the elastic foot. These projections serve to reduce the contact area between the foot of the support legs and the subfloor and to distribute the introduced via a support screw in the foot evenly load. Thereby floor noise can be reduced and the propagation of floor noise in the lower floors of a building equipped with such a cavity floor structure can be reduced.

From the documents JP H09 268739 A and JP H11 22156 A generic support devices for floors are known.
However, the known floor structures of double or hollow floors have in practice regularly insufficient sound and impact sound insulation. It has been shown that the resonance frequencies of the known cavity floors are generally within the building physics relevant frequency range of 50 Hz to about 4 kHz and that in particular in the range of these resonant frequencies there is an insufficient sound insulation.
Proceeding from this, the present invention seeks to provide a support element for double or hollow floors, with which the sound and impact sound insulation of the soil structure can be improved.
This object is achieved with a support element having the features of claim 1. Preferred embodiments of this support element and its use in a cavity floor are shown in the dependent claims.

The support elements according to the invention are used for mounting on a subfloor and have a soundproofing element, the soundproofing element comprising a rigid plate, a first elastic layer arranged underneath and a second elastic layer and a decoupling layer arranged between the elastic layers. In a preferred embodiment, the second elastic layer forms the lowermost layer of the support element, which rests on the underbody. The two elastic layers differ in terms of their elastic properties and in particular in their spring properties, ie in their deformation or compression deflection under pressure. Preferably, the lower second elastic layer is at least in the work area harder than the first elastic layer, ie their spring characteristic (compressive force as a function of deflection) is above the spring characteristic of the (softer) first elastic layer. In their work area, the spring characteristics of the first and second elastic layers are at least approximately linear, so that each elastic layer can be assigned an average spring constant in its working range. According to the present invention, these spring constants (K ₁ ) of the first elastic layer are in the range of 500 N / cm to 500,000 N / cm, and the spring constants (K ₂ ) of the second elastic layer (2) are in the range of 1,000 N / cm to 1,000,000 N / cm.
The support element according to the invention also has a stop device which limits an elastic deformation of the first elastic layer or of the first and second elastic layers to a predetermined maximum value under a pressure load of the support element. The stop device expediently limits deformation of at least the softer layer of the two elastic layers.
The support elements according to the invention are expediently placed in a predetermined grid on a subfloor, for example, a bare concrete floor or in wood-concrete composite construction, and on the top of the support elements a support floor is superimposed, which expediently and in particular at a raised floor by a plurality of floor panels is composed. However, the support floor can also be formed by a large-scale bottom plate and in particular a continuous covering, for example. A screed include. The support elements according to the invention are placed in an expedient embodiment so on the subfloor that the second elastic layer forms the underside of the support element, which rests on the subfloor.

During a (pressure) load of the support floor, the load introduced into the support elements via the support floor is introduced into the two elastic layers, wherein the elastic layers spring down to different degrees due to the different elastic properties. Thus, in the preferred embodiment where the second elastic layer is harder than the first elastic layer, the second elastic layer is less resilient than the first elastic layer. The decoupling layer arranged between the two elastic layers serves to transfer the load as uniformly as possible from the first to the second elastic layer. The decoupling layer is expediently designed as a rigid plate, such as an aluminum plate. Due to the stop device, the preferably softer first elastic layer is prevented from deforming beyond a predefined maximum value when the support base is loaded. For this purpose, the stop device expediently has a stop which limits a deformation of the first elastic layer beyond the predetermined maximum value.

In a preferred embodiment, both the first elastic layer and the second elastic layer are made of an elastic plastic, for example a foamed elastomer and in particular of a foamed polyurethane (PU). A microcellular polyurethane elastomer has proven to be particularly suitable. In this case, the first elastic layer preferably has a lower density (and thus a lower spring constant) than the second elastic layer.

In a preferred embodiment, the rigid plate is made of steel. It has proven to be advantageous if the decoupling layer is made of a substantially rigid material in order to ensure the best possible and evenly distributed over the base surface transfer of the load from the first to the second elastic layer. On the other hand, it has been shown that the sound insulation and in particular the footfall sound insulation of the support element according to the invention can be improved if the decoupling layer has the lowest possible mass. As preferred materials for the decoupling layer, therefore, rigid plates having a low basis weight (density times thickness) have been found to be in the range of 1.5 × 10 ^-4 g / mm ² to 1.5 g / mm ² .

A particularly suitable material for the decoupling layer is a fiber composite material, for example a carbon fiber composite material (with a bulk density of about 1.5 g / cm ³ and a preferred thickness of at least 0.1 mm), or a light metal such as aluminum. In a preferred manufacturing cost embodiment, the rigid plate is made of steel and the decoupling layer is formed of an aluminum plate.

In order to make the support element adjustable in height, the support element in a preferred embodiment comprises a vertically oriented rod, in particular a threaded rod, which is expediently arranged on the sound insulation element. This rod can be coupled with a height-adjustable plate, wherein the plate preferably has a flat support surface for receiving the support floor or floor plates of the support base. Preferably, the rod is attached to the rigid plate Schalldämmelements, for example by screwing or welding.

In a preferred embodiment, the rod engages partially in the first elastic layer, for which purpose a continuous bore in the first elastic layer is expediently arranged, in which the rod partially engages. The rod is in this embodiment part of the stop device, wherein the lower end face of the rod forms an abutment for the top of the decoupling layer in an elastic deformation of the first elastic layer. If the lower front end of the rod strikes against the top of the decoupling layer when the support element is loaded, further deformation of the first elastic layer is prevented and the load introduced is taken over by the (preferably harder) second elastic layer.

When used in a double or holh floor structure, the support element according to the invention forms, together with the subfloor and the support floor, a mass-spring-mass system which has a resonant frequency which is outside the relevant building-frequency range of 100 Hz to 3150 Hz and in particular below 50 Hz. The spring of the mass-spring-mass system is formed by the two elastic layers. By suitable selection of the materials and in particular the elastic properties of the two elastic layers, it is possible to tune the resonance frequencies of the system so that they are outside the relevant building physics frequency range. This makes it possible, in the entire building physics relevant frequency range and in particular above 50 Hz sufficient To ensure footfall sound insulation. The spring properties of the system expediently have a progressive course.

Figur 1:

Darstellung eines ersten Ausführungsbeispiels eines erfindungsgemäßen Stützelements in einer Schnittansicht (Figur 1a) und in einer perspektivischen Ansicht (Figur 1b);

Figur 2:

Darstellung eines zweiten Ausführungsbeispiels eines erfindungsgemäßen Stützelements in einer Schnittansicht (Figur 2a) und in einer perspektivischen Ansicht (Figur 2b);

Figur 3:

Vergrößerte Darstellung des Schalldämmelements der Stützelemente von Figur 1 und Figur 2, wobei Figur 3a das Schalldämmelement des Stützelements von Figur 1 und Figur 3b das Schalldämmelement des Stützelements von Figur 2 zeigt;

Figur 4:

Schnittdarstellung eines Doppelbodens, der mit einem erfindungsgemäßen Stützelement gemäß der Ausführungsform von Figur 2 ausgestattet ist;

Figur 5:

Schnittdarstellung eines Hohlraumbodens, der mit einem erfindungsgemäßen Stützelement gemäß der Ausführungsform von Figur 2 ausgestattet ist;

Figur 6:

Gemessener Frequenzverlauf der Trittschallminderung (Figur 5a), des Schalldämm-Maß (Figur 5b) und des Norm-Trittschallpegels (Figur 5c) der Hohlraumbodenstruktur von Figur 5 mit einer erfindungsgemäßen Stütze.

These and other advantages of the invention will become apparent from the embodiments described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The drawings show:

FIG. 1:

Representation of a first embodiment of a support element according to the invention in a sectional view ( FIG. 1a ) and in a perspective view ( FIG. 1b );

FIG. 2:

Representation of a second embodiment of a support element according to the invention in a sectional view ( FIG. 2a ) and in a perspective view ( FIG. 2b );

FIG. 3:

Enlarged view of the Schalldämmelements of the support elements of FIG. 1 and FIG. 2 , in which FIG. 3a the sound-absorbing element of the support element of FIG. 1 and FIG. 3b the sound-absorbing element of the support element of FIG. 2 shows;

FIG. 4:

Sectional view of a double floor, with a support element according to the invention according to the embodiment of FIG. 2 Is provided;

FIG. 5:

Sectional view of a cavity floor, which with a support element according to the invention according to the embodiment of FIG. 2 Is provided;

FIG. 6:

Measured frequency response of the impact sound reduction ( FIG. 5a ), the soundproofing measure ( FIG. 5b ) and the standard impact sound level ( FIG. 5c ) of the raised floor structure of FIG. 5 with a support according to the invention.

This in FIG. 1 shown embodiment of a support element according to the invention shows a height-adjustable support member 10 with a vertically extending rod 7, at the lower end of a sound-absorbing element 5 is arranged. The rod 7 is expediently designed as a threaded rod and can be coupled with a plate 8. For this purpose, the plate 8 at its lower end a sleeve 9 with an internal thread, which corresponds to the external thread of the rod 7. About the interaction of the internal thread of the sleeve 9 with the external thread of the rod 7, the plate 8 with respect to the fixed to the rod 7 sound insulating 5 of the support member 10 is height adjustable. The height adjustment of the support member 10 can also be realized in that a nut is screwed onto the rod 7 and adjusted by appropriate adjustment to a desired height and optionally fixed with a lock nut. In this case, can be dispensed with the internal thread of the sleeve 9.

The sound-absorbing element 5 of the support element 10 of FIG. 1 is in FIG. 3a shown in detail. The sound-absorbing element 5 is composed of a rigid plate 4, a first elastic layer 1, a second elastic layer 2 and a decoupling layer 3 arranged between the two elastic layers 1,2, wherein the two elastic layers 1, 2 have different elastic properties. The (lower) second elastic layer 2 is expediently harder, at least in the working region of the support element, than the (upper) first elastic layer 1. The rigid plate 4 is made of steel, for example, and advantageously has a flexural rigidity of more than 0.03 × 10 ⁶ Nmm ² and preferably in the range of 0.3 to 0.4 x 10 ⁹ Nmm ² and in particular of about 0.378 x 10 ⁹ Nmm ² on. The two elastic layers 1, 2 are expediently each made of an elastic plastic, in particular a foamed elastomer and preferably made of a microcellular polyurethane elastomer. In this case, the second elastic layer 2 expediently has a higher density than the first elastic layer 1, whereby the second elastic layer 2 is formed harder than the first elastic layer 1. The (static) dead load of the support base A is thereby of the two elastic layers 1, 2, which in each case by the dead load of the support base A and depending on their respective mechanical and elastic parameters compress by a predetermined amount. The decoupling layer 3 is used for the uniform transmission of dynamic loads from the first elastic layer 1 to the second elastic layer 2 and is expediently designed as a plate, for example. As aluminum or wood plate, wherein the bending stiffness of the decoupling layer 3 may be smaller than the flexural rigidity of the rigid Plate 4.

In Table 1 are suitable materials for the two elastic layers (first elastic layer 1 and second elastic layer 2) and the rigid plate 4 and Decoupling layer 3 shown together with the dimensions and the mechanical and elastic parameters. The decoupling layer 3 arranged between the two elastic layers 1, 2 is expediently an at least largely rigid plate, which can be made, for example, from a light metal, such as aluminum, or also from wood, plastic or a fiber composite material.

The support structure 5 comprises an abutment device 6 which limits an elastic deformation of the first elastic layer 1 to a predetermined maximum value and thus prevents the first elastic layer 1 from being compressed further than the predetermined maximum value when the support element 10 is loaded in the vertical direction , The stopper 6 is in the embodiment of the support member 10 of FIG. 1 formed by at least one support 6a, which is arranged on the edge side of the decoupling layer 3 and projects beyond the top of the decoupling layer 3. How out FIG. 1a and FIG. 3a As can be seen, the width of the first elastic layer 1 is slightly smaller compared to the width of the decoupling layer 3 and the second elastic layer 2 arranged underneath, so that a free gap 11 is created between the edge-side support 6a and the outside of the first elastic layer 1 results. This free space 11 allows the extension of the first elastic layer 1 in the transverse direction at a vertical load of the support 10. The top of the support 6a has a distance d to the underside of the rigid plate 4 in the unloaded state of the support 10. In a load of the support 10 in the vertical direction, the support 6a cooperates with the underside of the rigid plate 4 and forms a stop for the underside of the rigid plate 4. Due to this stop, the arranged between the rigid plate 4 and the decoupling layer 3 first elastic Layer 1 are compressed by the distance d between the support 6a and plate 4 at the maximum, when acting on the support 10 in the vertical direction, a load.

Expediently, a plurality of such supports 6a are arranged on the decoupling layer 3 at the edge and fastened to the decoupling layer 3. In this case, the supports 6a are preferably made of the same material as the decoupling layer 3. It is also possible to form the decoupling layer 3 and the supports 6a in one piece. Furthermore, it is also possible to provide a completely or partially encircling support 6a at the edge of the decoupling layer 3. So it is possible, for example, the soundproofing 5 not like in FIG. 1 shown square or rectangular but form round or oval and form the support 6a as a closed ring element or as a ring segment. In order to allow unimpeded expansion of the first elastic layer 1 in the transverse direction, it is in any case expedient to provide a free gap 11 between the outer sides of the first elastic layer 1 and the edge or the arranged supports 6a.

In order to avoid a stop, i. a concern of the underside of the rigid plate 4 on the support 6a to avoid disturbing noises, it is expedient to arrange a not shown here damping element on the underside of the rigid plate 4 and / or on the upper side of the support 6a, for example. A thin plate made of rubber, felt or a nonwoven material. Preferably, the damping element is attached to the underside of the rigid plate 4 and the top of the support 6a, for example. Glued.

A further embodiment of a support element 10 according to the invention is shown in FIG FIG. 2 and in FIG. 3b shown, where FIG. 3b a detail of the Schalldämmelements 5 shows this embodiment of a support element according to the invention. In this case, corresponding components are provided with the same reference numerals as in FIG FIG. 1 , The sound-absorbing element 5 of the support element 10 of FIG. 2 It is also composed of a rigid plate 4, a first elastic layer 1 and a second elastic layer 2 and a decoupling layer 3 arranged between the two elastic layers 1, 2. In the embodiment of FIG. 2 the stop device 6 is formed by the fact that the rod 7 partially engages in its lower region in a through hole in the first elastic layer 1. In the in the FIGS. 2a and 3b shown load-free state of the support 10, the lower end face 7a of the rod 7 is arranged at a predetermined distance d to the top of the decoupling layer 3. In a load of the support 10 in the vertical direction, a load transfer from the support 7 is first on the rigid plate 4 and from there to the first elastic layer 1, whereby the upper elastic layer 1 is compressed. If the load input is so high as to compress the elastic layer 1 by the maximum amount d, the lower end end 7a of the rod 7 abuts against the upper surface of the decoupling layer 3, thereby preventing the first elastic layer 1 from being further compressed , The load transfer is then largely uniformly distributed over the cross-sectional area of the Decoupling layer 3 on the underlying second elastic layer 2, which is then also compressed due to the load transfer. The second elastic layer 2 has at least in the working area a larger spring constant K ₂ than the spring constant K _{1 of} the first elastic layer 1.

Also in this embodiment, it is to avoid disturbing noises that may occur in a stop (ie when concerns the lower end face 7a of the rod 7 at the top of the decoupling layer 3), appropriate, at the front end 7a of the rod 7 and / or To arrange at the top of the decoupling layer 3 a (not shown here) damping element, for example. A thin plate made of rubber, felt or a nonwoven material.

In FIG. 4 is a sectional view of a double bottom shown with a subfloor U, a support member 10 according to the invention in the embodiment of FIG. 2 and a support base A mounted on the support element 10. The subfloor U is formed for example by a concrete concrete slab or a wood-concrete composite material and the support floor A is expediently composed by a plurality of adjacently arranged floor slabs A1, A2 which rest on the support surface of the plate 8 of the support member 10 are superimposed. Suitably, the bottom plates A1, A2 of the support floor A as in FIG. 4 shown so placed on the plate 8 of the support member 10 that a joint F of two adjacent floor panels A1, A2 in the region of a support 10 and preferably extends through the central axis of the rod 7.

FIG. 5 shows a sectional view of a cavity floor with an underbody U, a support element 10 according to the invention in the embodiment of FIG. 2 and a support base 10 mounted on the support element 10, wherein the support floor has a lower support layer A 'with base plates A1, A2 and a flat, continuous covering A ", eg a screed disposed thereon Double bottom and serves as (lost) formwork for the applied screed.

To produce a double or raised floor structure with the support elements 10 according to the invention, the support elements 10 are arranged in a predetermined pattern on the Subsoil U set up and then the bottom plates A1, A2 of the support base A are placed on the support elements 10. In a preferred grid, the support elements 10 are placed in a grid spacing of 60 cm in the longitudinal and transverse directions.

At such a cavity floor structure with a 40 cm thick wood-concrete composite ribbed deck formed subsoil U, inventive support elements 10 with 200 mm height and a hollow bottom A of 60 cm x 60 cm x 1.9 cm system plates (A1, A2 ) made of gypsum fiber, PE film as separating layer and an anhydrite floating screed CAF-C30-F6 in the thickness 3.6 cm sound measurements were carried out. The determined frequency curves of the impact sound reduction ( FIG. 6a ), the soundproofing measure ( FIG. 6b ) and the standard impact sound level ( FIG. 6c ) are in FIG. 6 shown.

The invention is not limited to the exemplary embodiments illustrated here. So it is e.g. it is possible to provide, in addition to the two elastic layers 1, 2, further elastic layers, which in turn expediently have different elastic properties and in particular a different spring behavior in comparison to the first and the second elastic layer. In each case, preferably a bending-resistant decoupling layer is arranged between adjacent elastic layers. The elastic layers are expediently connected to the respective adjacent decoupling layer, in particular adhesively bonded. Furthermore, it is possible to arrange the sound-absorbing element 5 not at the lower end of the support element but centrally or at the upper end of the support element. The order of the elastic layers can also be reversed, i. E. it is not necessary to arrange the harder elastic layer below, as the elastic layers result in a series connection of several springs with different spring characteristics. Further, it is possible to form the stopper device so as to limit both deformation of the first elastic layer and the second elastic layer to a predetermined maximum value.

Claims (13)

1. Support element (10) for a double floor or cavity floor for arrangement between a subfloor (U) and a support base (A), wherein the support element (10) comprises a sound insulating element (5) which comprises at least:

   - a first elastic layer (1),

   - a second elastic layer (2),

   - a decoupling layer (3) arranged between the first elastic layer (1) and the second elastic layer (2),

   - a rigid plate (4) arranged on the first elastic layer (1),

   - and a stop device (6) which limits elastic deformation of the first elastic layer (1) or of the first elastic layer (1) and the second elastic layer (2) to a predetermined maximum value,

   characterised in that the second elastic layer (2) has different elastic properties to the first elastic layer (1) and in that in the working range the first elastic layer (1) has a (mean) spring constant (K₁) in the range of from 500 N/cm to 500,000 N/cm and the second elastic layer (2) has a (mean) spring constant (K₂) in the range of from 1000 N/cm to 1,000,000 N/cm.
2. Support element according to claim 1, characterised in that the first elastic layer (1) and the second elastic layer (2) are each formed of an elastic plastic, in particular a foamed elastomer.
3. Support element according to claim 2, characterised in that in the first elastic layer (1) and the second elastic layer (2) are each formed of foamed polyurethane (PUR) and preferably a microcellular polyurethane elastomer, wherein the second elastic layer (2) has a higher density than the first elastic layer (1) and the density of the first elastic layer (1) preferably lies in the range of from 100 to 1000 kg/cm3 and the density of the second elastic layer (2) preferably lies in the range of from 200 to 1500 kg/cm3.
4. Support element according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the decoupling layer (3) and/or the rigid plate (4) is a metal plate, in particular a steel or aluminium plate, or a plate made of wood, plastic or a fibre composite material.
5. Support element according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the stop device (6) has at least one bearer (6a) which is arranged on the decoupling layer (3) and forms a stop for the underside of the rigid plate (4) when the first elastic layer (1) is deformed elastically.
6. Support element according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that a vertically oriented rod (7), in particular a threaded rod, which can be coupled with a height-adjustable plate (8), is fastened to the sound-insulating element (5).
7. Support element according to claim 6, characterised in that the rod (7) is fastened, in particular screwed or welded, to the rigid plate (4).
8. Support element according to claim 7, characterised in that the rod (7) partially engages in the first elastic layer (1), in particular in a vertical direction and in a vertical bore in the first elastic layer (1).
9. Support element according to one of claims 7 or 8, characterised in that the rod (7) is part of the stop device (6), wherein the lower leading end (7a) of the rod (7) forms a stop for the upper side of the decoupling layer (3) when the first elastic layer (1) is deformed elastically.
10. Support element according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the resonance frequency (f_R) of the support element lies outside the relevant frequency range for the physics of the structure of from 100 Hz to 3150 Hz and in particular below 50 Hz.
11. Support element according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the sound insulating element (5) is arranged at the lower end of the support element and is designed to rest on the sub floor (U).
12. Double floor or cavity floor with a subfloor (U) in the form of a bare floor slab and an areal support base (A) and a plurality of support elements (10) which are arranged in a predetermined grid arrangement on the subfloor (U) and between the subfloor (U) and the support base (A), characterised in that the support elements are support elements (10) according to one of the preceding claims.
13. Double floor or cavity floor according to claim 12, wherein the support elements (10) are adjustable in height and each comprise a plate (8) on which the support base (A) rests.

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