EP3591130B1 - Ceiling construction - Google Patents
Ceiling construction Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP3591130B1 EP3591130B1 EP19175583.4A EP19175583A EP3591130B1 EP 3591130 B1 EP3591130 B1 EP 3591130B1 EP 19175583 A EP19175583 A EP 19175583A EP 3591130 B1 EP3591130 B1 EP 3591130B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- steel elements
- steel
- elements
- beams
- plate
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
Links
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 title description 65
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 167
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 167
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000036961 partial effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000009408 flooring Methods 0.000 claims 7
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 24
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 24
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 11
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000000969 carrier Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000010008 shearing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000011449 brick Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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Images
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B5/00—Floors; Floor construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted therefor
- E04B5/02—Load-carrying floor structures formed substantially of prefabricated units
- E04B5/12—Load-carrying floor structures formed substantially of prefabricated units with wooden beams
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04G—SCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
- E04G23/00—Working measures on existing buildings
- E04G23/02—Repairing, e.g. filling cracks; Restoring; Altering; Enlarging
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
- E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
- E04C2/02—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials
- E04C2/26—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials composed of materials covered by two or more of groups E04C2/04, E04C2/08, E04C2/10 or of materials covered by one of these groups with a material not specified in one of the groups
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04G—SCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
- E04G23/00—Working measures on existing buildings
- E04G23/02—Repairing, e.g. filling cracks; Restoring; Altering; Enlarging
- E04G23/0218—Increasing or restoring the load-bearing capacity of building construction elements
- E04G23/0237—Increasing or restoring the load-bearing capacity of building construction elements of storey floors
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04G—SCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
- E04G23/00—Working measures on existing buildings
- E04G23/02—Repairing, e.g. filling cracks; Restoring; Altering; Enlarging
- E04G23/0285—Repairing or restoring flooring
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04G—SCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
- E04G23/00—Working measures on existing buildings
- E04G23/02—Repairing, e.g. filling cracks; Restoring; Altering; Enlarging
- E04G23/0288—Repairing or restoring floor slabs
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B5/00—Floors; Floor construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted therefor
- E04B5/16—Load-carrying floor structures wholly or partly cast or similarly formed in situ
- E04B5/17—Floor structures partly formed in situ
- E04B5/23—Floor structures partly formed in situ with stiffening ribs or other beam-like formations wholly or partly prefabricated
- E04B2005/232—Floor structures partly formed in situ with stiffening ribs or other beam-like formations wholly or partly prefabricated with special provisions for connecting wooden stiffening ribs or other wooden beam-like formations to the concrete slab
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B5/00—Floors; Floor construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted therefor
- E04B5/16—Load-carrying floor structures wholly or partly cast or similarly formed in situ
- E04B5/17—Floor structures partly formed in situ
- E04B5/23—Floor structures partly formed in situ with stiffening ribs or other beam-like formations wholly or partly prefabricated
- E04B2005/232—Floor structures partly formed in situ with stiffening ribs or other beam-like formations wholly or partly prefabricated with special provisions for connecting wooden stiffening ribs or other wooden beam-like formations to the concrete slab
- E04B2005/235—Wooden stiffening ribs or other wooden beam-like formations having a special form
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B5/00—Floors; Floor construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted therefor
- E04B5/16—Load-carrying floor structures wholly or partly cast or similarly formed in situ
- E04B5/17—Floor structures partly formed in situ
- E04B5/23—Floor structures partly formed in situ with stiffening ribs or other beam-like formations wholly or partly prefabricated
- E04B2005/232—Floor structures partly formed in situ with stiffening ribs or other beam-like formations wholly or partly prefabricated with special provisions for connecting wooden stiffening ribs or other wooden beam-like formations to the concrete slab
- E04B2005/237—Separate connecting elements
Definitions
- This invention relates to a ceiling construction according to the preamble of claim 1.
- the invention also relates to a ceiling construction according to the preamble of claim 2.
- AT398797B discloses the mechanical connection of reinforced heavy concrete by means of anchors to a wooden beam, the anchors being introduced into the wooden beam to form a mechanical bond. AT398797B does not disclose that the anchors form an alignment with their free end with a defined inclination.
- EP0269497A1 discloses a method of reinforcing wood members. There is no reference in this document to aligning the reinforcement element with the wooden part.
- GB2134956A discloses a method for upgrading the mechanical properties of a wooden beam, steel rods being introduced into a longitudinal slot machined in the wooden beam.
- steel rods being introduced into a longitudinal slot machined in the wooden beam.
- FR2728293 is limited purely to the reinforcement of a bent beam, where a reinforcement element with a T-shaped cross-section is inserted at different depths into the beam so that the flange of the T-shaped cross-section contacts an adjacent surface of the beam. It can be found in this document - in particular with reference to the figure 1 from FR2728293 - no indication of the orientation of the stiffening element such that a horizontal plane for a floor is created by the stiffening element.
- FR2760478A1 also does not disclose the creation of a horizontal plane for a floor by introducing the stiffening elements.
- Figure 14 of DE60310450T2 discloses wooden beams, in which wooden beams connecting elements 39 made of steel are introduced transversely to the longitudinal extent of the wooden beams.
- the connecting elements have the task of counteracting gravitational forces.
- the threaded rods 41 provided for absorbing tensile forces are not incorporated into the wooden beams.
- the in Figure 24 of DE63145T2 The cross braces shown are also not suitable for absorbing the tensile forces of a beam.
- DE202006015693 discloses the use of lattice girders to provide a shear-resistant connection between the members of the structure.
- the document does not disclose that the level of the floor is defined by aligning the trusses; the latter takes place via the concrete layer.
- EP0568441A1 , DE102017119096 , WO2004065713 do not disclose forming a horizontal geometric plane by inserting the steel elements into a slot in a beam.
- the wooden beams of a ceiling structure undergo deflection over the period of use, which deflection is increasingly plastic depending on the duration of the deflection of the wooden beams.
- the old, existing wooden ceiling structure is often provided with a layer of concrete in order to compensate for the deflection with the help of the concrete layer. A level and horizontal floor is restored over the applied concrete layer.
- the object of the invention is therefore to offer a ceiling construction in which the original wooden tram ceiling or dippel tree ceiling, which has been severely plastically deformed over the course of time, is retained.
- a wooden tram deck and a dippel tree deck comprise a number of wooden beams which are arranged at a distance from one another or lying next to one another.
- the support mentioned can also be part of a brick suspended ceiling.
- the object of the invention is to reinforce the carrier of the suspended tiled ceiling and thus to maintain the ceiling system formed by the suspended tiled ceiling.
- this is further achieved in the case of a beam with a steel element applied to the upper side of the beam in that the steel elements comprise an adjusting element, the height of which can be adjusted, for forming a horizontal geometric plane that extends over a number of beams and above the beam, which geometric plane passes through the upper edges of the steel elements are defined in a punctiform and/or linear manner and is designed as a rigid floor construction articulated on the steel elements.
- the ceiling construction according to the invention can be applied to ceiling constructions, which ceiling constructions comprise several beams extending over a ceiling panel.
- the beams are to be understood as static elements, which static elements are essentially subjected to bending loads.
- the carriers can also be designed as a single-span carrier or as a multi-span carrier.
- the carriers can have any desired cross section.
- the beams in a dip tree deck, the beams have a cross-sectional shape of a semicircle with the flat side down.
- the beams In the case of a wooden tram ceiling, the beams have the shape of a rectangle.
- the specialist chooses the form of connection of the steel element to the individual beam. Furthermore, the condition of the individual wearer must be taken into account, if necessary.
- the disclosure of the invention also includes that the steel elements are connected to the beams by different connection techniques. In the following description, some possible embodiments for producing a connection between the steel element and the beam are described.
- the steel element is preferably connected to the beam by a connecting means that transmits tensile forces, such as an adhesive.
- a connecting means that transmits tensile forces, such as an adhesive.
- the steel elements can also be glued onto the upper side of the beam facing the plane to be produced.
- a beam will be provided with a slot at its top, into which slot the steel element is inserted.
- the bond between the steel element and the beam or the plate can be achieved by clamping the steel element and thus by friction.
- the steel element can be glued into the slot and/or the connection can be made using mechanical connecting means such as pins, screws and the like.
- a bond between the beam or the plate and the steel element produced via the friction between the steel element and the girder or the plate - at least during the period of manufacture of the ceiling construction according to the invention - has the advantage that the steel element, by overcoming the friction (e.g. by knocking ) can be aligned very easily to the carrier or to the plate.
- the steel element can be glued to a surface of the support facing the geometric plane to be produced or can be connected to this surface by means of mechanical connecting means.
- the steel element can, for example, comprise a nail plate, with the nails being introduced into the carrier in order to produce a connection between the steel element and the carrier.
- the floor construction is a self-supporting, rigid element.
- the floor construction can be made of dovetail panels.
- the dovetail plates are to be regarded as rigid elements.
- the floor construction can include a screed or a concrete layer.
- the specialist creates a suitable concrete structure for the production of the screed or the concrete layer.
- Prefabricated concrete elements can also be used as a floor construction within the scope of the invention.
- a composite beam By creating a bond between the floor construction and the existing beam or to the existing plate through the steel element, a composite beam is created which can be fully loaded immediately after its manufacture.
- the load-bearing capacity of the composite beam comprising the existing beams and the steel elements is significantly higher than the load-bearing capacity of the original beam.
- this is achieved in the case of a plate with a slot for introducing the steel element in that the steel elements in the pressure zone or in the tension zone of the plate are aligned to form a horizontal geometric plane extending across the plate, which geometric plane passes through the upper edges of the Steel elements is defined point-like and / or linear and is designed as a hinged to the steel elements, rigid floor construction.
- the ceiling construction according to the invention is characterized in that the static height of the ceiling construction is greater than that of the existing carrier. It thus becomes the moment of inertia of the existing beam while creating a horizontal plane. This is the case in the application described above on an existing carrier as well as in the application described below on an existing plate.
- this is achieved in the case of a plate having a steel element attached to the upper side of the plate in that the steel elements are aligned with an adjusting element whose height can be adjusted in order to form a horizontal geometric plane that extends over a number of supports and above the supports, which geometric plane passes through the upper edges of the steel elements are defined in a punctiform and/or linear manner and is designed as a rigid floor construction articulated on the steel elements.
- the above floor construction embodiments are also applicable to existing slabs.
- a composite panel is created.
- the above-mentioned techniques for making a bond between the beam and the steel member can also be used for making a bond between the plate and the steel member.
- the load-bearing capacity of the composite panel is significantly higher than the load-bearing capacity of the original panel.
- the slab can be an existing concrete slab, for example, which concrete slab was produced with too low a load-bearing capacity.
- the extent of increasing the load-bearing capacity of the existing beam or slab depends essentially on the dimensioning of the steel elements and the floor construction.
- a person skilled in the art can form a steel element as a rod, which rod is introduced, for example, from above into the beam cross section or into the plate cross section.
- a steel element designed as a bar has no appreciable influence on the load-bearing capacity of the composite body, since no appreciable force can be transmitted from the beams or the slab into the floor construction by means of bars. Bars can only transfer small shear forces in composite beams compared to the following embodiments.
- the steel element may be formed as a plate-shaped element, which plate-shaped element is connected to the beam or the plate parallel to the longitudinal direction of the latter. It is conceivable that several plate-shaped elements with a defined plate length are arranged over the carrier length or plate length. Likewise, a steel element extending the length of the beam or a highly loaded partial length of the beam or plate can be arranged on the beam.
- the beams or the plate and the floor construction are subjected to compression or tension and the steel elements to shearing stresses.
- the ceiling construction according to the invention is characterized in that all elements are installed in the dry state.
- the connected elements can therefore be loaded immediately after the respective composite has been produced.
- pin longitudinal axis of the pin-shaped connecting elements When producing a connection between the beam or the plate and the steel element by means of screws and/or glued-in pins as pin-shaped connecting elements, it is advantageous for the pin longitudinal axis of the pin-shaped connecting elements to be oriented essentially parallel to a service cutting force.
- a screw screwed into wood and a pin glued into wood can be loaded with a significantly lower force in the transverse direction than in the longitudinal direction.
- the person skilled in the art is able to calculate or estimate the size and direction of the forces occurring during a service load in the connection between the beam or the plate and the steel element in the ceiling construction according to the invention using the usual teachings of statics.
- the person skilled in the art arranges and aligns the pin-shaped connecting means according to this calculation or estimate.
- the steel element surface of the steel elements may be formed as a rough surface.
- the person skilled in the art selects the roughness of the steel element surface in such a way that the static friction between the steel element and the carrier reaches a maximum.
- the steel element surface can be provided with a sand or other granular material, for example.
- the steel element surface can, for example, be designed with protrusions in the form of spikes, which spikes are introduced into the carrier to produce a composite.
- the prongs may also have a function of making the slit when making a slit in the carrier.
- the steel elements can also have abutments on their steel element surface, which abutments are introduced into the carrier to produce a composite.
- the steel elements can also have a wave-like shape.
- the corrugation axis of the corrugation may be oriented perpendicularly to a shearing force acting in the contact area between the beam and the steel member.
- the contact surface between the steel element and the carrier can be increased and/or a form fit between the carrier and the steel element can be produced via the corrugated shape.
- the steel element can also have bores for producing a form-fitting connection between the carrier and the steel element.
- the adhesive When making a bond between the steel element and the beam, the adhesive also enters the holes created by them cavities, so that the solidified adhesive forms a form-fitting bond with the steel element in addition to an adhesive bond.
- the ceiling construction according to the invention can be characterized in that the steel elements include supports for receiving the floor construction.
- Such supports facilitate assembly.
- the supports advantageously include an impact sound insulation element. According to current teaching, the impact sound is transmitted to a lesser extent to the wooden beams underneath.
- the inventive arrangement of the steel elements on the beam or the plate and the support of a rigid floor construction on the steel elements creates a new ceiling construction compared to the ceiling constructions according to the prior art, which is characterized by an increase in load-bearing capacity, low dead weight, high sound insulation, good Fire protection and a low installation height.
- FIG 1 and Figure 2 illustrate the manufacture of an embodiment of the ceiling construction according to the invention.
- figure 3 shows this embodiment of the ceiling construction according to the invention.
- figure 4 illustrates the manufacture of a further embodiment of the ceiling construction according to the invention.
- figure 1 shows a classic double tree cover comprising (from bottom to top) double trees 1, an original fill 2 and an original floor structure 3.
- the original floor structure 3 consists of bricks 3, which are placed on the original fill 2.
- the original floor structure 3 and the original fill are cleared away.
- selected dipsticks of the exposed dipsticks 1 are slit and the slit made in the selected dipstick is filled with an adhesive.
- a steel element is inserted as a new system carrier into the slot filled with adhesive.
- figure 2 illustrates this manufacturing process using a dip tree ceiling, with a first selected dip tree 5 being slit on its upper side 8, with a second dip tree 6 the slot 9 produced being filled with an adhesive 10 and with a third dip tree 7 a steel element 11 as a new system carrier in the with Adhesive 10 filled slot 9 is introduced.
- the specialist fills the slot 9 - as in figure 2 shown - only to a partial area, so that when the steel element 11 is introduced, an excess adhesive 10 is not driven out of the slot 9 .
- the steel element 11 contacts the slot surface with partial steel element areas, so that there is static friction between the steel element 11 and the third dip beam 7 .
- the height of the steel element 11 can be aligned with the third dimple tree 7 .
- FIG 3 shows a manufactured embodiment of the ceiling construction according to the invention.
- Selected duplex trees 5, 6, 7 are slit on their surfaces, with the slits 9 an adhesive 10 and a steel element 11 are introduced.
- the steel elements 11 and the surfaces of the slots 9 are in frictional contact, so that the steel elements 11 can be aligned in their height relative to the respective dip trees 5, 6, 7 by overcoming the frictional forces between the steel element 11 and the selected dip tree 5, 6, 7, so that the upper edge 12 of the steel elements 11 form an altitude 13 .
- a geometric plane 14 is formed by the upper edges 12 of the steel elements 11, which geometric plane 14 extends over a plurality of duplex trees 1 and above these duplex trees 1.
- the geometric plane 14 runs congruently with the lower edge 16 of the floor construction 15.
- the rigid floor construction 15 extends over the steel elements 11 that are spaced apart from one another.
- the static elements of the ceiling structure namely the floor structure 15, the steel elements 11 and the wooden pillars 1 are structurally connected to one another, so that when the ceiling structure is stressed by bending, the wooden pillars 1 are subjected to tension and compression and the floor structure 15 to compression.
- the steel elements 11 connecting the wooden pillars 1 and the floor construction 15 are loaded in shear.
- the floor construction 15 is made of state-of-the-art aluminum elements.
- the person skilled in the art recognizes that, among other things, due to the lack of fill 2, the ceiling construction according to the invention has a significantly lower weight than the original, in figure 1 ceiling construction shown.
- figure 4 shows a further embodiment of the ceiling construction according to the invention, which is based on a wooden tram ceiling according to the prior art.
- wooden tram ceiling all elements are removed except for the wooden beams 1 and a board layer 18 lying on the wooden beams 1 .
- the board layer 18 can be retained in the ceiling construction according to the invention for primarily visual reasons, especially since the board layer 18 can have ornaments on its underside in existing ceilings.
- the wooden beams 1 comprise a slot 9, which slot 9 is partly filled with an adhesive 10.
- a steel element 11 is inserted into a slot 9 in the case of non-hardening or non-hardening adhesive 10 .
- the steel elements 11 are aligned in their height 13 to the wooden beam 1 that the upper edges 12 of the steel elements 11 define a geometric plane 14 .
- the geometric plane 14 extends over several wooden beams 1 and runs above the wooden beams 1.
- figure 5 shows a longitudinal section of the in figure 4 wooden beam 1 shown in cross section.
- Several steel elements 1 are distributed over the length of the wooden beam 1 .
- the steel elements 11 at the ends 20 of the wooden girder 1 are shorter in length than the steel element 11 in the central area 19 of the wooden girder 1.
- the central area 19 of the wooden girder 1 sags current teaching, the maximum of the bending load and the resulting maximum of the tensile and compressive forces (from the bending) and the maximum of the shearing forces.
- the shear force that can be transmitted via the combination of steel element 11 and wooden beam 1 is essentially determined by the size of the contact surface of wooden beam 1 and steel element 11 .
- the steel element 11 in the central area 19 has a greater length than the steel elements 11 at the ends 20 of the wooden beam 1.
- slot 9 in which slot 9 the steel element 11 is inserted in a form-fitting manner, extends over the board layer 18 and the wooden support 1.
- the slot 9 is made by sawing the board layer 18 and the wooden support, for example using a circular saw. If necessary, the board layer 18 is attached to the wooden support 1 beforehand.
- figure 4 and figure 5 show that the space between the floor construction 15 and the board layer 18 is designed as an air space.
- the expert can also arrange an insulating material in this space.
- FIG 6 shows a further embodiment not according to the invention of the ceiling construction.
- the ceiling construction comprises existing, plastically deformed girders 1, which girders 1 have a pressure zone and a tension zone under load.
- At least one steel element 11 is connected mechanically and/or adhesively to the surface of a support, with the steel elements 11 comprising a height-adjustable actuating element for forming a horizontal geometric plane that extends over a plurality of supports and above the supports, which geometric plane 14 is defined in points and/or lines by the upper edges 12 of the steel elements 11 and is designed as a rigid floor construction articulated on the steel elements 11 .
- figure 7 shows a view and a sectional image of an embodiment of a steel element 11 with a rough surface in some areas.
- the steel element 11 has a jagged shape at its insertion edge 21 as a partial area of the surface of the steel element 11 .
- the steel element 11 is formed by pressing the insertion surface 21 into an in figure 7 Not shown wooden tram 1 pressed.
- the user can insert the steel element 11 a Provide a slot 9 in the wooden tram 1 or create the slot 9 in the wooden tram 1 by pressing in the steel element 11 .
- the rough surface of the steel element which is used in the in figure 7 shown embodiment of the steel element 11 is designed in the form of spikes on the insertion edge 21, serves to increase the transmission of shear forces between the in figure 7 Wooden tram 1, not shown, and the steel element, since the spikes introduced into the wooden tram 1 act as an abutment.
- the steel element 11 further includes bores 22 in the immediate vicinity of the introduction edge 21.
- the person skilled in the art can provide a slot 9 in the wooden tram 1 as described above.
- the specialist also fills the slot 9 with an adhesive and then brings the in figure 7 shown steel element 11 in the wooden tram 1.
- the still liquid adhesive extends through the holes 22 and solidifies as a through the holes 22 extending body.
- the resulting form fit further increases the maximum force to be transmitted between the steel element 11 and the wooden tram 1 . This force can be included in calculations as shear force.
- the adhesive which has not yet solidified can extend further between the prongs on the insertion edge 21 and solidify as such a body. This also causes the maximum force that can be transmitted between the steel element 11 and the wooden tram 1, which force can be taken into account in calculations as a shearing force, to be increased by the form fit that occurs.
- figure 8 partially shows a further embodiment of the ceiling construction not according to the invention.
- the figure 8 shows two carriers 1, the upper edges of which have a different height level.
- the different elevation levels are illustrated by the elevation marks.
- the different height levels of the top edges can be caused, for example, by plastic deformation or by an inaccurate laying of the carrier 1 relative to one another.
- Steel elements 11 are arranged on the upper edge of the girder 1, which upper edge represents a part of the surface of the girder 1, which steel elements 11 are connected to the girder 1 by screws 23.
- the specialist can instead of in figure 8 entered screws 23 also provide other suitable connecting means for a mechanical and / or adhesive bond of a steel element 11 with a surface of a beam 1.
- the steel element 11 can be adjusted in its height position relative to the carrier 1.
- the person skilled in the art can thus form a geometric plane 14 that is defined by the upper edge of the steel elements 11 and extends over a plurality of supports 1 by adjusting the height of the steel elements 11 .
- a person skilled in the art can introduce wedges into a cavity between a support 1 and a steel support 11 to adjust the height of the steel support 11 .
- figure 9 shows a sectional view of a further embodiment of the ceiling construction according to the invention.
- the ceiling construction according to the invention is based on existing, plastically deformed girders 1, with the upper edges of the girders 1 having different height levels, as is shown in figure 9 is illustrated by the elevation marks.
- the carriers 1 each comprise a slit 9, which slit 9 is provided with an adhesive 1.
- a steel element 11 is introduced into each slot 9, with a U-beam open at the bottom being connected as a further steel element 24 to the upper edge of the steel element.
- the introduction of the steel element 11 into the slot filled with adhesive takes place from the point of view of producing a minimum adhesive surface between the steel element 11 and the adhesive and from the point of view of producing a geometric plane 14, which plane 14 is defined by the upper edge of the other steel elements 24.
- the wooden beam 1 When the ceiling structure is subjected to a bending load, the wooden beam 1 can be loaded with a tensile force, while the other steel beam 24 is loaded with a compressive force.
- the rigid floor construction (in figure 9 symbolized by plane 14) prevents the other steel elements from buckling under pressure.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Floor Finish (AREA)
- Conveying And Assembling Of Building Elements In Situ (AREA)
- Rod-Shaped Construction Members (AREA)
Description
Diese Erfindung betrifft eine Deckenkonstruktion nach dem Oberbegriff des Anspruches 1.This invention relates to a ceiling construction according to the preamble of
Die Erfindung betrifft auch eine Deckenkonstruktion nach dem Oberbegriff des Anspruches 2.The invention also relates to a ceiling construction according to the preamble of
Figur 14 von
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Die Dokumente
Die Holzbalken von einer Deckenkonstruktion erfahren über den Zeitraum der Nutzung eine Durchbiegung, welche Durchbiegung in Abhängigkeit der Dauer der Durchbiegung der Holzbalken zunehmend plastisch ist. Bei einer Sanierung eines Gebäudes wird oft die alte, bestehende Deckenkonstruktion aus Holz mit einer Betonschicht versehen, um mit Hilfe der Betonschicht einen Ausgleich der Durchbiegung herzustellen. Über die aufgebrachte Betonschicht wird wieder ein ebener und waagrechter Fußboden hergestellt.The wooden beams of a ceiling structure undergo deflection over the period of use, which deflection is increasingly plastic depending on the duration of the deflection of the wooden beams. When a building is renovated, the old, existing wooden ceiling structure is often provided with a layer of concrete in order to compensate for the deflection with the help of the concrete layer. A level and horizontal floor is restored over the applied concrete layer.
Der Fachmann erkennt, dass das Aufbringen einer Betonschicht auf eine bestehende Deckenkonstruktion aus Holz aufgrund der statischen Eigenschaften der bestehenden Deckenkonstruktion stark begrenzt ist. Es ist hierbei insbesondere zu bedenken, dass die Betonschicht beim Aufbringen nass und sohin schwerer und ohne Eigentragfähigkeit ist.Those skilled in the art will recognize that the application of a concrete layer to an existing wooden ceiling structure is severely limited due to the static properties of the existing ceiling structure. It is particularly important to remember that the concrete layer is wet when it is applied and is therefore heavier and without self-supporting capacity.
Die oben geschilderten Umstände führen oft dazu, dass die ursprüngliche Deckenkonstruktion aus Holz entfernt wird.The circumstances described above often lead to the original wooden ceiling construction being removed.
Die Erfindung stellt sich sohin die Aufgabe, eine Deckenkonstruktion anzubieten, bei welcher Deckenkonstruktion die ursprüngliche, über den Lauf der Zeit stark plastisch deformierte Holztramdecke oder Dippelbaumdecke erhalten bleibt.The object of the invention is therefore to offer a ceiling construction in which the original wooden tram ceiling or dippel tree ceiling, which has been severely plastically deformed over the course of time, is retained.
Holztramdecken und Dippelbaumdecken sind die am meisten verbreiteten Deckenarten. Das beispielhafte Anführen dieser Decken im Zusammenhang mit der Offenbarung ist keinesfalls als ein Ausschluss anderer Deckensysteme zu verstehen.Tram ceilings and dippel tree ceilings are the most common types of ceilings. The exemplification of these ceilings in the context of the disclosure is in no way to be understood as an exclusion of other ceiling systems.
Im Folgenden wird nicht zwischen den Begriffen Holztramdecke und Dippelbaumdecke unterschieden. Eine Holztramdecke und eine Dippelbaumdecke umfassen mehrere Holzträger, die in einem Abstand zueinander beziehungsweise aneinander liegend angeordnet sind.In the following, no distinction is made between the terms Holztram nappe and Dippelbaum nappe. A wooden tram deck and a dippel tree deck comprise a number of wooden beams which are arranged at a distance from one another or lying next to one another.
Der erwähnte Träger kann auch Teil einer Ziegeleinhängdecke sein. Die Erfindung stellt sich die Aufgabe, den Träger der Ziegeleinhängdecke zu verstärken und so das durch die Ziegeleinhängdecke ausgebildete Deckensystem zu erhalten.The support mentioned can also be part of a brick suspended ceiling. The object of the invention is to reinforce the carrier of the suspended tiled ceiling and thus to maintain the ceiling system formed by the suspended tiled ceiling.
Erfindungsgemäß wird dies durch den Anspruch 1 erreicht.This is achieved by
Erfindungsgemäß wird dies bei einem Träger mit einem auf die Oberseite des Trägers aufgebrachten Stahlelement weiters dadurch erreicht, dass die Stahlelemente ein in seiner Höhenerstreckung verstellbares Stellelement zur Ausbildung einer sich über mehrere Träger und oberhalb der Träger erstreckenden, waagrechten geometrischen Ebene umfassen, welche geometrische Ebene durch die Oberkanten der Stahlelemente punktförmig und/oder linienförmig definiert wird und als eine an den Stahlelementen angelenkte, biegesteife Fußbodenkonstruktion ausgebildet ist.According to the invention, this is further achieved in the case of a beam with a steel element applied to the upper side of the beam in that the steel elements comprise an adjusting element, the height of which can be adjusted, for forming a horizontal geometric plane that extends over a number of beams and above the beam, which geometric plane passes through the upper edges of the steel elements are defined in a punctiform and/or linear manner and is designed as a rigid floor construction articulated on the steel elements.
Die erfindungsgemäße Deckenkonstruktion ist auf Deckenkonstruktionen anwendbar, welche Deckenkonstruktionen mehrere sich über ein Deckenfeld erstreckende Träger umfassen. Die Träger sind als statische Elemente zu verstehen, welche statischen Elemente im Wesentlichen auf Biegung beansprucht werden. Die Träger können weiters als ein Einfeldträger oder als ein Mehrfeldträger ausgebildet sein.The ceiling construction according to the invention can be applied to ceiling constructions, which ceiling constructions comprise several beams extending over a ceiling panel. The beams are to be understood as static elements, which static elements are essentially subjected to bending loads. The carriers can also be designed as a single-span carrier or as a multi-span carrier.
Die Träger können einen beliebigen Querschnitt aufweisen. Bei einer Dippelbaumdecke weisen die Träger beispielsweise die Querschnittsform eines mit der flachen Seite nach unten gerichteten Halbkreises auf. Bei einer Holztramdecke weisen die Träger die Form eines Rechteckes auf.The carriers can have any desired cross section. For example, in a dip tree deck, the beams have a cross-sectional shape of a semicircle with the flat side down. In the case of a wooden tram ceiling, the beams have the shape of a rectangle.
In Abhängigkeit der Querschnittsform und der Belastung des Trägers wählt der Fachmann die Form des Anschlusses des Stahlelementes am einzelnen Träger. Es ist weiters der Zustand des einzelnen Trägers gegebenenfalls zu berücksichtigen. Die Offenbarung der Erfindung schließt auch ein, dass die Stahlelemente durch unterschiedliche Verbindungstechniken an den Trägern angeschlossen werden. In der nachfolgenden Beschreibung sind einige mögliche Ausführungsformen zur Herstellung einer Verbindung zwischen dem Stahlelement und dem Träger beschrieben.Depending on the shape of the cross-section and the load on the beam, the specialist chooses the form of connection of the steel element to the individual beam. Furthermore, the condition of the individual wearer must be taken into account, if necessary. The disclosure of the invention also includes that the steel elements are connected to the beams by different connection techniques. In the following description, some possible embodiments for producing a connection between the steel element and the beam are described.
Eine Einbringung von Stahlelementen in Schlitze ist insbesondere in der Druckzone des Trägers vorteilhaft, da der volle, durch Druck belastbare Trägerquerschnitt erhalten bleibt.Introducing steel elements into slots is particularly advantageous in the pressure zone of the beam, since the full cross-section of the beam that can withstand pressure is retained.
Bei Einbringung von Stahlelementen in der Zugzone des Trägers wird der durch eine Zugkraft belastbare Querschnitt reduziert. Bei Einbringung von Stahlelementen in der Zugzone des Trägers wird vorzugsweise das Stahlelement mit dem Träger durch ein Zugkräfte übertragendes Verbindungsmittel wie beispielweise einen Klebstoff verbunden. Um das Vorsehen von Schlitzen in einer Zugzone des Trägers zu vermeiden und eine damit einhergehende Schwächung des Querschnittes zu unterbinden, können auch die Stahlelemente auf die der herzustellenden Ebene zugewandten Oberseite des Trägers aufgeklebt werden.If steel elements are inserted in the tension zone of the beam, the cross-section that can be subjected to a tensile force is reduced. When introducing steel elements in the tensile zone of the beam, the steel element is preferably connected to the beam by a connecting means that transmits tensile forces, such as an adhesive. In order to avoid the provision of slits in a tension zone of the beam and to prevent an associated weakening of the cross section, the steel elements can also be glued onto the upper side of the beam facing the plane to be produced.
Ein Träger wird an seiner Oberseite mit einem Schlitz versehen werden, in welchen Schlitz das Stahlelement eingebracht wird. Der Verbund zwischen dem Stahlelement und dem Träger beziehungsweise der Platte kann durch Einklemmen des Stahlelementes und sohin über Reibung erfolgen. Weiters kann das Stahlelement in den Schlitz eingeklebt werden und/oder der Verbund über mechanische Verbindungsmittel wie Stifte, Schrauben und dergleichen hergestellt werden.A beam will be provided with a slot at its top, into which slot the steel element is inserted. The bond between the steel element and the beam or the plate can be achieved by clamping the steel element and thus by friction. Furthermore, the steel element can be glued into the slot and/or the connection can be made using mechanical connecting means such as pins, screws and the like.
Ein über die Reibung zwischen dem Stahlelement und dem Träger beziehungsweise der Platte - zumindest während des Zeitraumes der Herstellung der erfindungsgemäßen Deckenkonstruktion - hergestellter Verbund zwischen dem Träger beziehungsweise der Platte und dem Stahlelement hat den Vorteil, dass das Stahlelement unter Überwindung der Reibung (beispielsweise durch Klopfen) sehr einfach zum Träger beziehungsweise zu der Platte ausgerichtet werden kann.A bond between the beam or the plate and the steel element produced via the friction between the steel element and the girder or the plate - at least during the period of manufacture of the ceiling construction according to the invention - has the advantage that the steel element, by overcoming the friction (e.g. by knocking ) can be aligned very easily to the carrier or to the plate.
Es kann in nicht erfindungsgemäßer Weise das Stahlelement auf eine der herzustellenden geometrischen Ebene zugewandten Oberfläche des Trägers geklebt werden oder mit dieser Oberfläche mittels mechanischer Verbindungsmittel verbunden werden. Das Stahlelement kann beispielsweise eine Nagelplatte umfassen, wobei die Nägel zur Herstellung eines Verbundes zwischen dem Stahlelement und dem Träger in den Träger eingebracht werden.In a manner which is not according to the invention, the steel element can be glued to a surface of the support facing the geometric plane to be produced or can be connected to this surface by means of mechanical connecting means. The steel element can, for example, comprise a nail plate, with the nails being introduced into the carrier in order to produce a connection between the steel element and the carrier.
Die Fußbodenkonstruktion ist ein selbsttragendes, biegesteifes Element. Die Fußbodenkonstruktion kann aus Schwalbenschwanzplatten hergestellt sein. Die Schwalbenschwanzplatten sind als biegesteife Elemente anzusehen.The floor construction is a self-supporting, rigid element. The floor construction can be made of dovetail panels. The dovetail plates are to be regarded as rigid elements.
Weiters kann die Fußbodenkonstruktion einen Estrich oder eine Betonschicht umfassen. Der Fachmann stellt zur Herstellung des Estrichs oder der Betonschicht eine geeignete Betonkonstruktion her. Auch vorgefertigte Betonelemente sind im Rahmen der Erfindung als Fußbodenkonstruktion einsetzbar.Furthermore, the floor construction can include a screed or a concrete layer. The specialist creates a suitable concrete structure for the production of the screed or the concrete layer. Prefabricated concrete elements can also be used as a floor construction within the scope of the invention.
Durch das Herstellen eines Verbundes zwischen der Fußbodenkonstruktion und dem bestehenden Träger beziehungsweise zu der bestehenden Platte durch das Stahlelement wird ein Verbundträger geschaffen, welcher bereits unmittelbar nach dessen Herstellung im vollen Ausmaß belastbar ist. Die Tragfähigkeit des Verbundträgers umfassend die bestehenden Träger und die Stahlelemente ist deutlich höher als die Tragfähigkeit der ursprünglichen Träger.By creating a bond between the floor construction and the existing beam or to the existing plate through the steel element, a composite beam is created which can be fully loaded immediately after its manufacture. The load-bearing capacity of the composite beam comprising the existing beams and the steel elements is significantly higher than the load-bearing capacity of the original beam.
Erfindungsgemäß wird dies bei einer Platte mit einem Schlitz zur Einbringung des Stahlelementes dadurch erreicht, dass die Stahlelemente in der Druckzone oder in der Zugzone der Platte unter Ausbildung einer sich über die Platte erstreckenden, waagrechten geometrischen Ebene ausgerichtet sind, welche geometrische Ebene durch die Oberkanten der Stahlelemente punktförmig und/oder linienförmig definiert wird und als eine an den Stahlelementen angelenkte, biegesteife Fußbodenkonstruktion ausgebildet ist.According to the invention, this is achieved in the case of a plate with a slot for introducing the steel element in that the steel elements in the pressure zone or in the tension zone of the plate are aligned to form a horizontal geometric plane extending across the plate, which geometric plane passes through the upper edges of the Steel elements is defined point-like and / or linear and is designed as a hinged to the steel elements, rigid floor construction.
Die erfindungsgemäße Deckenkonstruktion zeichnet sich dadurch aus, dass die statische Höhe der Deckenkonstruktion größer ist als die des bestehenden Trägers. Es wird sohin das Trägheitsmoment des bestehenden Trägers unter gleichzeitiger Schaffung einer waagrechten Ebene erhöht. Dies ist bei der oben beschriebenen Anwendung bei einem bestehenden Träger als auch bei der im Folgenden beschriebenen Anwendung bei einer bestehenden Platte der Fall.The ceiling construction according to the invention is characterized in that the static height of the ceiling construction is greater than that of the existing carrier. It thus becomes the moment of inertia of the existing beam while creating a horizontal plane. This is the case in the application described above on an existing carrier as well as in the application described below on an existing plate.
Erfindungsgemäß wird dies bei einer Platte aufweisend ein an der Oberseite der Platte angebrachtes Stahlelement dadurch erreicht, dass die Stahlelemente ein in seiner Höhenstreckung verstellbares Stellelement zur Ausbildung einer sich über mehrere Träger und oberhalb der Träger erstreckenden, waagrechten geometrischen Ebene ausgerichtet sind, welche geometrische Ebene durch die Oberkanten der Stahlelemente punktförmig und/oder linienförmig definiert wird und als eine an den Stahlelementen angelenkte, biegesteife Fußbodenkonstruktion ausgebildet ist.According to the invention, this is achieved in the case of a plate having a steel element attached to the upper side of the plate in that the steel elements are aligned with an adjusting element whose height can be adjusted in order to form a horizontal geometric plane that extends over a number of supports and above the supports, which geometric plane passes through the upper edges of the steel elements are defined in a punctiform and/or linear manner and is designed as a rigid floor construction articulated on the steel elements.
Die oben angeführten Ausführungsformen der Fußbodenkonstruktion sind auch für bestehende Platte anwendbar.The above floor construction embodiments are also applicable to existing slabs.
Durch das Herstellen eines Verbundes zwischen dem Stahlelement und der Platte einerseits und dem Stahlelement und der Fußbodenkonstruktion andererseits wird eine Verbundplatte geschaffen. Es können im die oben erwähnten Techniken zur Herstellung eines Verbundes zwischen dem Träger und dem Stahlelement auch zur Herstellung eines Verbundes zwischen der Platte und dem Stahlelement angewandt werden.By creating a bond between the steel element and the panel on the one hand and the steel element and the floor construction on the other hand, a composite panel is created. The above-mentioned techniques for making a bond between the beam and the steel member can also be used for making a bond between the plate and the steel member.
Die Tragfähigkeit der Verbundplatte ist deutlich höher als die Tragfähigkeit der ursprünglichen Platte.The load-bearing capacity of the composite panel is significantly higher than the load-bearing capacity of the original panel.
Die Platte kann beispielsweise eine bestehende Betonplatte sein, welche Betonplatte mit einer zu geringen Tragfähigkeit hergestellt wurde.The slab can be an existing concrete slab, for example, which concrete slab was produced with too low a load-bearing capacity.
Das Ausmaß der Erhöhung der Tragfähigkeit des bestehenden Trägers oder der bestehenden Platte hängt wesentlich von der Dimensionierung der Stahlelemente und der Fußbodenkonstruktion ab.The extent of increasing the load-bearing capacity of the existing beam or slab depends essentially on the dimensioning of the steel elements and the floor construction.
Der Fachmann kann ein Stahlelement als einen Stab ausbilden, welcher Stab beispielsweise von oben in den Trägerquerschnitt oder in den Plattenquerschnitt eingebracht ist. Ein als ein Stab ausgebildetes Stahlelement hat keinen nennenswerten Einfluss auf die Tragfähigkeit des Verbundkörpers, da mittels Stäbe keine nennenswerte Kraft von den Trägern oder der Platte in die Fußbodenkonstruktion übertragen werden kann. Stäbe können nur im Vergleich zu den folgenden Ausführungsformen kleine Schubkräfte in Verbundträgern übertragen.A person skilled in the art can form a steel element as a rod, which rod is introduced, for example, from above into the beam cross section or into the plate cross section. A steel element designed as a bar has no appreciable influence on the load-bearing capacity of the composite body, since no appreciable force can be transmitted from the beams or the slab into the floor construction by means of bars. Bars can only transfer small shear forces in composite beams compared to the following embodiments.
Das Stahlelement kann als ein plattenförmiges Element ausgebildet sein, welches plattenförmiges Element parallel zu der Längsrichtung des Trägers oder der Platte an diesem beziehungsweise dieser angeschlossen ist. Es ist denkbar, dass mehrere plattenförmige Elemente mit einer definierten Plattenlänge über die Trägerlänge beziehungsweise Plattenlänge angeordnet sind. Ebenso kann ein sich über die Länge des Trägers oder über eine hoch belastete Teillänge des Trägers oder der Platte erstreckendes Stahlelement am Träger angeordnet werden.The steel element may be formed as a plate-shaped element, which plate-shaped element is connected to the beam or the plate parallel to the longitudinal direction of the latter. It is conceivable that several plate-shaped elements with a defined plate length are arranged over the carrier length or plate length. Likewise, a steel element extending the length of the beam or a highly loaded partial length of the beam or plate can be arranged on the beam.
Bei der erfindungsgemäßen, auf Biegung beanspruchten Deckenkonstruktion werden die Träger oder die Platte und die Fußbodenkonstruktion auf Druck beziehungsweise Zug und die Stahlelemente auf Schub beansprucht.In the case of the ceiling construction according to the invention, which is subjected to bending stresses, the beams or the plate and the floor construction are subjected to compression or tension and the steel elements to shearing stresses.
Die erfindungsgemäße Deckenkonstruktion zeichnet sich dadurch aus, dass sämtliche Elemente im trockenen Zustand eingebracht werden. Die verbundenen Elemente sind sohin unmittelbar nach der Herstellung des jeweiligen Verbundes belastbar.The ceiling construction according to the invention is characterized in that all elements are installed in the dry state. The connected elements can therefore be loaded immediately after the respective composite has been produced.
Bei Herstellung eines Verbundes zwischen dem Träger oder der Platte und dem Stahlelement mittels Schrauben und/oder eingeklebte Stifte als stiftförmige Verbindungselemente ist es vorteilhaft, dass die Stiftlängsachse der stiftförmigen Verbindungselemente im Wesentlichen parallel zu einer Gebrauchsschnittkraft orientiert ist.When producing a connection between the beam or the plate and the steel element by means of screws and/or glued-in pins as pin-shaped connecting elements, it is advantageous for the pin longitudinal axis of the pin-shaped connecting elements to be oriented essentially parallel to a service cutting force.
Eine in Holz eingedrehte Schraube und ein in Holz eingeklebter Stift sind mit einer wesentlich niedrigeren Kraft in Querrichtung als in Längsrichtung belastbar. Der Fachmann ist in der Lage bei der erfindungsgemäßen Deckenkonstruktion die Größe und die Richtung der bei einer Gebrauchsbelastung auftretenden Kräfte im Verbund zwischen dem Träger oder der Platte und dem Stahlelement unter Anwendung der gängigen Lehren der Statik zu berechnen oder abzuschätzen. Der Fachmann ordnet und richtet die stiftförmigen Verbindungsmittel nach dieser Berechnung oder Abschätzung aus.A screw screwed into wood and a pin glued into wood can be loaded with a significantly lower force in the transverse direction than in the longitudinal direction. The person skilled in the art is able to calculate or estimate the size and direction of the forces occurring during a service load in the connection between the beam or the plate and the steel element in the ceiling construction according to the invention using the usual teachings of statics. The person skilled in the art arranges and aligns the pin-shaped connecting means according to this calculation or estimate.
Die Stahlelementoberfläche der Stahlelemente kann als eine raue Oberfläche ausgebildet sein. Der Fachmann wählt die Rauigkeit der Stahlelementoberfläche so, dass die Haftreibung zwischen dem Stahlelement und dem Träger ein Maximum erreicht. Die Stahlelementoberfläche kann beispielsweise mit einem Sand oder einem anderen körnigen Material versehen sein.The steel element surface of the steel elements may be formed as a rough surface. The person skilled in the art selects the roughness of the steel element surface in such a way that the static friction between the steel element and the carrier reaches a maximum. The steel element surface can be provided with a sand or other granular material, for example.
Die Stahlelementoberfläche kann beispielsweise mit Vorsprüngen in Form von Zacken ausgebildet sein, welche Zacken in den Träger zur Herstellung eines Verbundes eingebracht werden. Die Zacken können bei einer Herstellung eines Schlitzes im Träger auch eine Funktion zur Herstellung des Schlitzes haben.The steel element surface can, for example, be designed with protrusions in the form of spikes, which spikes are introduced into the carrier to produce a composite. The prongs may also have a function of making the slit when making a slit in the carrier.
Die Stahlelemente können an ihrer Stahlelementoberfläche auch Widerlager aufweisen, welche Widerlager zur Herstellung eines Verbundes in den Träger eingebracht werden.The steel elements can also have abutments on their steel element surface, which abutments are introduced into the carrier to produce a composite.
Die Stahlelemente können auch eine wellenartige Form aufweisen. Die Wellenachse der Wellenform kann senkrecht zu einer im Kontaktbereich zwischen dem Träger und dem Stahlelement wirkenden Schubkraft orientiert sein. Über die Wellenform kann die Kontaktfläche zwischen dem Stahlelement und dem Träger erhöht werden und/oder ein Formschluss zwischen dem Träger und dem Stahlelement hergestellt werden.The steel elements can also have a wave-like shape. The corrugation axis of the corrugation may be oriented perpendicularly to a shearing force acting in the contact area between the beam and the steel member. The contact surface between the steel element and the carrier can be increased and/or a form fit between the carrier and the steel element can be produced via the corrugated shape.
Die Stahlelement kann weiters Bohrungen zur Herstellung eines formschlüssigen Verbundes zwischen dem Träger und dem Stahlelement aufweisen. Bei der Herstellung einer Verklebung zwischen dem Stahlelement und dem Träger tritt der Klebstoff auch in die durch die Bohrungen geschaffenen Hohlräume ein, sodass der erstarrte Klebstoff mit dem Stahlelement neben einen Haftverbund auch einen formschlüssigen Verbund eingeht.The steel element can also have bores for producing a form-fitting connection between the carrier and the steel element. When making a bond between the steel element and the beam, the adhesive also enters the holes created by them cavities, so that the solidified adhesive forms a form-fitting bond with the steel element in addition to an adhesive bond.
Die erfindungsgemäße Deckenkonstruktion kann sich dadurch auszeichnen, dass die Stahlelemente Auflager zur Aufnahme der Fußbodenkonstruktion umfassen.The ceiling construction according to the invention can be characterized in that the steel elements include supports for receiving the floor construction.
Derartige Auflager erleichtern die Montage.Such supports facilitate assembly.
Vorteilhaft umfassen die Auflager ein Trittschalldämmelement. Nach der gängigen Lehre wird so der Trittschall in einem geringeren Ausmaß auf die darunter liegenden Holzbalken übertragen.The supports advantageously include an impact sound insulation element. According to current teaching, the impact sound is transmitted to a lesser extent to the wooden beams underneath.
Die erfindungsgemäße Anordnung der Stahlelemente an Träger oder der Platte und der Auflagerung einer biegesteifen Fußbodenkonstruktion auf den Stahlelementen schafft im Vergleich zu den Deckenkonstruktionen nach dem Stand der Technik eine neue Deckenkonstruktion, welche sich durch eine Erhöhung der Tragfähigkeit, ein geringes Eigengewicht, hohen Schallschutz, guten Brandschutz und eine geringe Aufbauhöhe auszeichnet. Die genannten Vorteile werden anhand der folgenden, in den
Die unten beschriebenen Ausführungsbeispiele beziehen sich auf bestehende Träger. Der Fachmann ist in der Lage, diese Ausführungsbeispiele auch zur Anwendung an bestehende Platten abzuändern. Der Fachmann ist in der Lage, die Figuren und die nachstehende Figurenbeschreibung mit der obigen Beschreibung zu kombinieren. Der Fachmann ist insbesondere in der Lage, die in den Figuren enthaltenen und in der folgenden Figurenbeschreibung beschriebenen Stahlelemente gemäß der obigen Beschreibung auszubilden.The exemplary embodiments described below relate to existing carriers. Those skilled in the art will be able to modify these embodiments for use with existing panels as well. The person skilled in the art is able to combine the figures and the description of the figures below with the above description. The person skilled in the art is in particular able to form the steel elements contained in the figures and described in the following description of the figures in accordance with the above description.
In den Figuren sind die folgenden Elemente durch die nachstehenden Bezugszeichen gekennzeichnet.
- 1
- Dippelbaum, Holzträger
- 2
- ursprüngliche Schüttung
- 3
- ursprünglicher Fußbodenaufbau
- 4
- Ziegel
- 5
- erster Dippelbaum
- 6
- zweiter Dippelbaum
- 7
- dritter Dippelbaum
- 8
- Oberseite Holzdippelbaum, Holzträger
- 9
- Schlitz
- 10
- Klebstoff
- 11
- Stahlelement
- 12
- Oberkante Stahlelement
- 13
- Höhenlage
- 14
- geometrische Ebene
- 15
- Fußbodenkonstruktion
- 16
- Unterkante Fußbodenkonstruktion
- 17
- Oberkante Fußbodenkonstruktion
- 18
- Brettlage
- 19
- Mittelfeld Holzträger
- 20
- Enden Holzträger
- 21
- Einbringungskante
- 22
- Bohrung
- 1
- Dippel tree, wooden beam
- 2
- original bulk
- 3
- original floor construction
- 4
- brick
- 5
- first dimple tree
- 6
- second dimple tree
- 7
- third dimple tree
- 8th
- Top wooden dippel tree, wooden support
- 9
- slot
- 10
- adhesive
- 11
- steel element
- 12
- Upper edge of steel element
- 13
- altitude
- 14
- geometric plane
- 15
- floor construction
- 16
- Lower edge of floor construction
- 17
- Upper edge of floor construction
- 18
- board position
- 19
- Midfield wooden beam
- 20
- ends of wooden beams
- 21
- insertion edge
- 22
- drilling
In einem nachfolgenden Schritt werden ausgewählte Dippelbäume der freiliegenden Dippelbäume 1 geschlitzt und der hergestellte Schlitz in dem ausgewählten Dippelbaum mit einem Klebstoff ausgefüllt. In den mit Klebstoff ausgefüllten Schlitz wird anschließend vor der Erhärtung des Klebers ein Stahlelement als neuer Systemträger eingebracht.In a subsequent step, selected dipsticks of the exposed
Der Fachmann füllt den Schlitz 9 - wie in
Das Stahlelement 11 kontaktiert mit Stahlelementteilbereichen die Schlitzoberfläche, sodass eine Haftreibung zwischen dem Stahlelement 11 und dem dritten Dippelbaum 7 besteht. Unter Überwindung dieser Haftreibung und bei nicht erstarrtem Klebstoff 10 kann das Stahlelement 11 in seiner Höhe zum dritten Dippelbaum 7 ausgerichtet werden.The
Die geometrische Ebene 14 verläuft bei Anlenkung einer biegesteifen Fußbodenkonstruktion 15 an die Oberkanten der Stahlelemente 11 deckungsgleich mit der Unterkante 16 der Fußbodenkonstruktion 15. Die biegesteife Fußbodenkonstruktion 15 erstreckt sich über die zueinander beabstandeten Stahlelemente 11.When a
Im Anlenkungsbereich zwischen Fußbodenkonstruktion 15 und Stahlelement 11 ist eine in
Die statischen Elemente der Deckenkonstruktion, nämlich die Fußbodenkonstruktion 15, die Stahlelemente 11 und die Holzdippelbäume 1 sind konstruktiv miteinander verbunden, sodass bei einer Beanspruchung der Deckenkonstruktion durch Biegung die Holzdippelbäume 1 auf Zug und Druck, die Fußbodenkonstruktion 15 auf Druck belastet sind. Die die Holzdippelbäume 1 und die Fußbodenkonstruktion 15 verbindenden Stahlelemente 11 sind auf Schub belastet.The static elements of the ceiling structure, namely the
Die Fußbodenkonstruktion 15 ist aus Aluminiumelementen nach dem Stand der Technik hergestellt. Der Fachmann erkennt, dass unter anderem wegen dem Fehlen der Schüttung 2 die erfindungsgemäße Deckenkonstruktion ein deutlich geringeres Gewicht aufweist als die ursprüngliche, in
Die Holzträger 1 umfassen einen Schlitz 9, welcher Schlitz 9 zu einem Teil mit einem Klebstoff 10 gefüllt ist. Es wird in jeweils einen Schlitz 9 bei nicht aushärtendem oder nicht ausgehärtetem Klebstoff 10 ein Stahlelement 11 eingeschoben. Die Stahlelemente 11 werden in ihrer Höhenlage 13 so zum Holzträger 1 ausgerichtet, dass die Oberkanten 12 der Stahlelemente 11 eine geometrische Ebene 14 definieren. Die geometrische Ebene 14 erstreckt sich über mehrere Holzträger 1 und verläuft oberhalb der Holzträger 1. Durch Anlenkung einer Fußbodenkonstruktion 15 an den Stahlelementen 11 wird ein aus Holzträgern 1, Stahlelementen 11 und Fußbodenkonstruktion 15 gebildeter Verbundträger geschaffen.The
Bei einer Klebeverbindung zwischen dem Stahlelement 11 und dem Holzträger 1 - wie dies in
Es ist in
Die raue Oberfläche des Stahlelementes, welche bei der in
Die in
Das Stahlelement 11 umfasst weiters Bohrungen 22 in unmittelbarer Nähe zu der Einbringungskante 21. Der Fachmann kann vor Einbringen des Stahlelementes 11 in den Holztram 1 einen Schlitz 9 im Holztram 1 gemäß obiger Beschreibung vorsehen. Der Fachmann verfüllt weiters den Schlitz 9 mit einem Klebstoff und bringt anschließend das in
Der noch nicht erstarrte Klebstoff kann sich weiters zwischen den Zacken an der Einbringungskante 21 erstrecken und als ein solcher Körper erstarren. Auch hierdurch wird die maximal zwischen dem Stahlelement 11 und dem Holztram 1 übertragbare Kraft, welche Kraft in Berechnungen als Schubkraft berücksichtigt werden kann, durch den sich einstellenden Formschluss erhöht werden.The adhesive which has not yet solidified can extend further between the prongs on the
Die
Das unterschiedliche Höhenniveau der Oberkanten kann beispielsweise durch eine plastische Verformung oder durch eine ungenaue Verlegung der Träger 1 zueinander bedingt sein.The different height levels of the top edges can be caused, for example, by plastic deformation or by an inaccurate laying of the
Es sind an der Oberkante der Träger 1, welche Oberkante einen Teil der Oberfläche des Trägers 1 darstellt, Stahlelemente 11 angeordnet, welche Stahlelemente 11 durch Schrauben 23 mit dem Träger 1 verbunden sind. Der Fachmann kann anstelle der in
Durch das Setzen der Schrauben 23 zur Herstellung eines Verbundes zwischen einem Träger 1 und einem Stahlelement 11 ist das Stahlelement 11 in seiner Höhenposition zum Träger 1 einstellbar. Der Fachmann kann sohin über die Höhenjustierung der Stahlelemente 11 eine durch die Oberkante der Stahlelemente 11 definierte, sich über mehrere Träger 1 erstreckende geometrische Ebene 14 ausbilden.By setting the
Der Fachmann kann zur Höheneinstellung der Stahlträger 11 Keile in einen Hohlraum zwischen einem Träger 1 und einem Stahlträger 11 einbringen.A person skilled in the art can introduce wedges into a cavity between a
Die erfindungsgemäße Deckenkonstruktion baut wie auch die oben beschriebenen Ausführungsformen auf bestehende, plastisch verformte Träger 1 auf, wobei die Oberkanten der Träger 1 unterschiedliche Höhenniveaus aufweisen, wie dies in
Die Träger 1 umfassen jeweils einen Schlitz 9, welcher Schlitz 9 mit einem Klebstoff 1 versehen ist. Es wird in jeweils einen Schlitz 9 ein Stahlelement 11 eingebracht, wobei an der Oberkante des Stahlelementes ein nach unten offener U-Träger als ein weiteres Stahlelement 24 angeschlossen ist. Die Einbringung des Stahlelementes 11 in den mit Klebstoff gefüllten Schlitz erfolgt nach dem Gesichtspunkt der Herstellung einer Mindesthaftfläche zwischen dem Stahlelement 11 und dem Kleber sowie nach dem Gesichtspunkt der Herstellung einer geometrischen Ebene 14, welche Ebene 14 durch die Oberkante der weiteren Stahlelemente 24 definiert ist.The
Bei einer Belastung der Deckenkonstruktion auf Biegung kann der Holzträger 1 mit einer Zugkraft belastet werden, während der weitere Stahlträger 24 durch eine Druckkraft belastet wird. Die am weiteren Stahlträger 24 angeschlossene, biegesteife Fußbodenkonstruktion (in
Die obige Beschreibung und die Figurenbeschreibung offenbart eine Deckenkonstruktion, wobei oberhalb zu plastisch verformten Trägern Stahlelemente und eine biegesteife Fußbodenkonstruktion unter Herstellung eines statischen Verbundes zwischen dem bestehenden, plastisch verformten Träger, den Stahlelementen und der biegesteifen Fußbodenkonstruktion angeordnet sind. Es ist jedoch auch möglich, die Stahlelemente und die biegesteife Fußbodenkonstruktion unterhalb des bestehenden, plastisch verformten Trägers unter Herstellung eines statischen Verbundes zwischen dem bestehenden Träger, der Stahlelemente und der Fußbodenkonstruktion anzuordnen.The above description and the description of the figures discloses a ceiling construction, with steel elements and a rigid floor construction being arranged above the plastically deformed beams, producing a static connection between the existing, plastically deformed carrier, the steel elements and the rigid floor construction. However, it is also possible to arrange the steel elements and the rigid floor structure underneath the existing, plastically deformed beam, producing a static connection between the existing beam, the steel elements and the floor structure.
Claims (10)
- A ceiling structure comprising:existing, plastically deformed beams (1), which beams (1) have a pressure zone and a traction zone when under strain,steel elements (11),wherein at least one steel element (11) is mechanically and/or adhesively connected to one respective beam (1) by being inserted into a slot (9) disposed on the top face of said beam (1), thus generating a composite structure,wherein the steel elements (11) are disposed in the pressure zone of the beams (1) or in the traction zone of the beams (1),characterised in thatthe steel elements (11) are oriented in the slot (9) such as to form a horizontal geometrical plane extending over multiple beams and above the beams,which geometrical plane (14) is defined, in a punctiform and/or linear manner, as a plane extending exclusively through the top edges (12) of the steel elements (11), andwhich geometrical plane (14) is formed as a bend-proof flooring structure hinged exclusively to the top edges (12) of the steel elements (11),which geometrical plane (14) runs congruent with the bottom edge (16) of the flooring structure (15) when joining the bend-proof flooring structure (15) to the top edges of the steel elements (11).
- The ceiling structure comprising:an existing, plastically deformed plate, which plate has a pressure zone and a traction zone when under strain,steel elements (11) distributed over the areal extent of the plate, which steel elements (11) are mechanically and/or adhesively connected to the plate by being inserted into a slot (9) disposed on the top face of the plate, thus generating a composite structure,wherein the steel elements (11) are disposed in the pressure zone or in the traction zone of the plate,characterised in thatthe steel elements (11) are oriented within the slot (9) such as to form a horizontal geometrical plane (14) extending over the plate,which geometrical plane (14) is defined, in a punctiform and/or linear manner, as a plane extending exclusively through the top edges (12) of the steel elements, andwhich geometrical plane (14) is formed as a bend-proof flooring structure hinged exclusively to the top edges (12) of the steel elements (11),which geometrical plane (14) runs congruent with the bottom edge (16) of the flooring structure (15) when joining the bend-proof flooring structure (15) to the top edges of the steel elements (11).
- The ceiling structure of claim 1,
characterised in that
the steel elements (11) comprise an actuator adjustable in its height extension to form the horizontal geometrical plane extending over multiple beams and above the beams. - The ceiling structure of any one of claims 1 to 3, characterised in that
the steel elements (11) are connected to the beams (1) or the plate, respectively, via pin-shaped connecting elements. - The ceiling structure of any one of claims 1 to 4, characterised in that
a partial area of the steel element surface of the steel elements (11) is formed so as to be rough. - The ceiling structure of any one of claims 1 to 5,
characterised in that
the steel elements (12) are connected to the beams (1) or the plate, respectively, via a jag-shaped formation of a partial area of the steel elements surface. - The ceiling structure of any one of claims 1 to 6, characterised in that
the steel elements (11) have a waved shape. - The ceiling structure of any one of claims 1 to 7, characterised in that
the steel elements (11) have a bore. - The ceiling structure of any one of claims 1 to 8, characterised in that the steel elements (11)
comprise supports for receiving the flooring structure. - The ceiling structure of claim 9, characterised in that
the supports comprise an impact sound insulation element.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
ATA50578/2018A AT521425A1 (en) | 2018-07-04 | 2018-07-04 | ceiling construction |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP3591130A1 EP3591130A1 (en) | 2020-01-08 |
EP3591130B1 true EP3591130B1 (en) | 2023-07-12 |
EP3591130C0 EP3591130C0 (en) | 2023-07-12 |
Family
ID=66625835
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP19175583.4A Active EP3591130B1 (en) | 2018-07-04 | 2019-05-21 | Ceiling construction |
Country Status (2)
Country | Link |
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EP (1) | EP3591130B1 (en) |
AT (1) | AT521425A1 (en) |
Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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EP0939175A2 (en) * | 1998-02-27 | 1999-09-01 | Fischerwerke Arthur Fischer GmbH & Co. KG | Connecting element for assembling wood and concrete |
CN103195204A (en) * | 2013-03-29 | 2013-07-10 | 苏州皇家整体住宅系统股份有限公司 | Wood-concrete composite structure |
WO2016091227A1 (en) * | 2014-12-12 | 2016-06-16 | Vysoká Škola Báňská - Technická Univerzita Ostrava | Coupling element for a timber-concrete ceiling composite construction |
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DE63145C (en) | V. MÖBIUS in Oldisleben, Thüringen | Method and apparatus for the recovery of carbonic acid from tapped barrels and from bottles or barrels which are filled with carbonic acid before filling | ||
DE880939C (en) | 1940-11-02 | 1953-06-25 | Hoechst Ag | Process for the polymerization of unsaturated compounds |
FI60752C (en) * | 1980-06-05 | 1982-03-10 | Poutanen Tuoma Tapani | FOERSTAERKT PLATTA OCH FOERFARANDE FOER DESS TILLVERKNING |
GB2134956A (en) | 1983-02-10 | 1984-08-22 | Rickards Timber Treatment Limi | Upgrading or restoring a timber beam |
FR2606057B1 (en) | 1986-11-04 | 1990-10-12 | Wolf Philippe | REINFORCEMENT OF STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS BY INSERTING HIGH-STRENGTH PLATES |
DE8804939U1 (en) * | 1988-04-14 | 1988-10-20 | Rheinhold & Mahla GmbH, 8000 München | Steel profile for renovation of wooden beam ceilings |
AT398797B (en) | 1990-09-13 | 1995-01-25 | Stracke Ing Markus | Process for the support-free restoration of the load- bearing capacity of old floors with simultaneous improvement of the heat insulation |
FR2692924B1 (en) * | 1992-04-28 | 1996-07-26 | Blouet Claude | CARRIER STRUCTURE SUCH AS A FLOOR, COMPRISING BEAMS AND A CONCRETE SLAB AND METHOD FOR OBTAINING SAME. |
FR2728293A1 (en) * | 1994-12-14 | 1996-06-21 | Brochard Francois Xavier | Reinforcement for timber frames of building |
FR2760478A1 (en) | 1997-03-06 | 1998-09-11 | Francois Aubert | BEAM-TYPE CONSTRUCTION ELEMENT |
FR2848232A1 (en) | 2002-12-10 | 2004-06-11 | Jean Luc Sandoz | Wooden anti-noise structure for softening, absorbing and screening noise, has set of planks that are parallel among themselves and arranged edgewise with their longitudinal axis and oriented in direction of source zone |
AU2003900295A0 (en) * | 2003-01-23 | 2003-02-06 | Onesteel Reinforcing Pty Ltd | A structural formwork member |
DE20316376U1 (en) | 2003-10-23 | 2004-02-26 | Bathon, Leander | Wood and concrete composite system has intermediate layer formed at least partially and/or at least in one layer between wood components and concrete components to create at least partially a decoupling of wood and concrete components |
CH698330B1 (en) | 2005-10-14 | 2009-07-15 | Wey Modulbau Ag | Wood-concrete composite member and method for its production. |
DE202011005658U1 (en) * | 2011-04-28 | 2011-07-20 | Georg Ritter | System for the rehabilitation of truss ceilings |
DE102017119096A1 (en) * | 2017-08-21 | 2019-02-21 | Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e.V. | Wood-concrete ceiling |
-
2018
- 2018-07-04 AT ATA50578/2018A patent/AT521425A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
-
2019
- 2019-05-21 EP EP19175583.4A patent/EP3591130B1/en active Active
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EP0939175A2 (en) * | 1998-02-27 | 1999-09-01 | Fischerwerke Arthur Fischer GmbH & Co. KG | Connecting element for assembling wood and concrete |
CN103195204A (en) * | 2013-03-29 | 2013-07-10 | 苏州皇家整体住宅系统股份有限公司 | Wood-concrete composite structure |
WO2016091227A1 (en) * | 2014-12-12 | 2016-06-16 | Vysoká Škola Báňská - Technická Univerzita Ostrava | Coupling element for a timber-concrete ceiling composite construction |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP3591130A1 (en) | 2020-01-08 |
EP3591130C0 (en) | 2023-07-12 |
AT521425A1 (en) | 2020-01-15 |
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