AT521425A1 - ceiling construction - Google Patents

Abstract

Ceiling construction comprising existing beams, which beams have a pressure zone and a tension zone under load, steel elements, wherein at least one steel element is mechanically and / or adhesively connected to each beam, the steel elements in the pressure zone of the beam or in the tension zone of the beam underneath Formation of a horizontal geometric plane extending over a plurality of beams and above the beams can be aligned, which geometric plane is defined in a punctiform and / or linear manner by the highest edges of the steel elements and can be formed as a flexurally rigid floor construction articulated on the steel elements.

Description

description

This invention relates to a ceiling construction comprising existing beams, which beams have a compression zone and a tensile zone under load, and steel elements, wherein at least one steel element is mechanically and / or adhesively connected to each beam.

The invention also relates to a ceiling construction comprising an existing plate, which plate has a pressure zone and a tensile zone under load, and steel elements distributed over the surface area of the plate, which steel elements are mechanically and / or adhesively connected to the plate.

AT398797B discloses the mechanical connection of reinforced heavy concrete by means of anchors to a wooden beam, the anchors being introduced into the wooden beams with the formation of a mechanical bond. AT398797B does not disclose that the anchors form a line of alignment with a defined inclination with their free end.

EP0269497A1 discloses a method for reinforcing

Wooden parts. There is no reference in this document to aligning the reinforcement element with the wooden part.

GB2134956A discloses a method for upgrading the mechanical properties of a wooden beam, wherein steel rods are introduced into a longitudinal slot made in the wooden beam. However, there is no reference in this document to a special alignment of the steel bars to the wooden beam.

FR2728293 is limited to the reinforcement of a curved beam, whereby a reinforcement element with a T-shaped cross-section is introduced into the beam at different depths, so that the flange of the T-shaped cross-section contacts an adjacent surface of the beam. It can be found in this document - in particular

2/22 ₁

K2352 with reference to FIG. 1 of FR2728293 - no reference to the orientation of the stiffening element such that the stiffening element creates a horizontal plane for a floor.

FR2760478A1 also does not disclose the creation of a horizontal plane for a floor by the introduction of the stiffening elements.

Figure 14 of DE60310450T2 discloses wooden beams, in which wooden beams transverse elements 39 made of steel are introduced transversely to the longitudinal extent of the wooden beams. The connecting elements have the task of acting against gravity. The threaded rods 41 provided for absorbing tensile forces are not introduced into the wooden beams.

The cross struts shown in FIG. 24 of DE63145T2 are also not suitable for absorbing tensile forces of a beam.

DE202006015693 discloses the use of lattice girders for producing a shear-resistant connection between the

Construction elements. The document does not disclose that the height of the floor is defined by aligning the lattice girders; the latter takes place over the concrete layer.

The connecting elements disclosed in DE20316376U1 (see also FIG. 1 and FIG. 2 of this document) have no defined height or a defined inclination to the longitudinal axis of the wooden beam. This is not implicitly disclosed in DE20316376U1, since the height of the floor of the construction is defined by the concrete layer.

The documents mentioned above all do not disclose any construction which is suitable for defining a horizontal geometric plane over several supports.

The wooden beams of a ceiling construction experience a deflection over the period of use, which deflection depending on the duration of the deflection of the wooden beams

3/22 ₂

K2352 is increasingly plastic. When renovating a building, the old, existing wooden ceiling structure is often provided with a concrete layer in order to compensate for the deflection using the concrete layer. A level and horizontal floor is again created over the applied concrete layer.

Those skilled in the art recognize that the application of a layer of concrete to an existing wooden ceiling structure is severely limited due to the static properties of the existing ceiling structure. It should be borne in mind in particular that the concrete layer is wet and therefore heavier when applied and has no self-supporting capacity.

The circumstances described above often result in the original wooden ceiling structure being removed.

The object of the invention is to offer a ceiling construction in which the original wooden tram ceiling or dipple tree ceiling, which has been plastically deformed over time, is retained.

Wooden tram ceilings and dipple tree ceilings are the most common types of ceilings. The exemplary citing of these ceilings in connection with the disclosure is in no way to be understood as an exclusion of other ceiling systems.

In the following, no distinction is made between the terms wooden tram ceiling and dippel tree ceiling. A wooden tram ceiling and a dipple tree ceiling comprise a plurality of wooden beams which are arranged at a distance from one another or adjacent to one another.

The carrier mentioned can also be part of a brick suspended ceiling. The object of the invention is to reinforce the support of the brick suspended ceiling and thus to maintain the ceiling system formed by the brick suspended ceiling.

4/22 ₃

K2352

According to the invention, this is achieved with a girder in that the steel elements in the pressure zone of the girders or in the tensile zone of the girders can be aligned with the formation of a horizontal geometric plane which extends over several girders and above the girders, which geometric plane is by the highest edges of the Steel elements is defined punctiform and / or linear and can be formed as a rigid construction of the floor articulated to the steel elements.

The ceiling construction according to the invention is applicable to ceiling constructions which comprise a plurality of beams which extend over a ceiling field. The beams are to be understood as static elements, which static elements are essentially subjected to bending. The carriers can furthermore be designed as a single-field carrier or as a multi-field carrier.

The carriers can have any cross section. In the case of a dipple tree top, the supports have, for example, the cross-sectional shape of a semicircle with the flat side facing downward. In the case of a wooden tram ceiling, the beams have the shape of a rectangle.

Depending on the cross-sectional shape and the load on the beam, the person skilled in the art chooses the form of the connection of the steel element to the individual beam. The condition of the individual wearer may also need to be taken into account. The disclosure of the invention also includes that the steel elements are connected to the beams by different joining techniques.

The introduction of steel elements is particularly advantageous in the pressure zone of the girder, since the full girder cross-section that can be subjected to pressure is retained. When bringing in

5/22 ₄

K2352 of steel elements in the tensile zone of the beam, the cross-section that can be loaded by a tensile force is reduced.

A carrier can, for example, be provided with a slot on its upper side, into which slot the steel element is inserted. The connection between the steel element and the carrier or the plate can take place by clamping the steel element and thus via friction. Furthermore, the steel element can be glued into the slot and / or the composite can be produced via mechanical connecting means such as pins, screws and the like.

A bond between the support or the plate and the steel element produced via the friction between the steel element and the support or the plate - at least during the period of manufacture of the ceiling structure according to the invention - has the advantage that the steel element can be overcome by friction (for example by knocking). can be aligned very easily to the carrier or to the plate.

The floor construction is a self-supporting, rigid element. The floor construction can be made from dovetail panels. The dovetail plates can be regarded as rigid elements.

Furthermore, the floor construction can comprise a screed or a layer of concrete. The person skilled in the art produces a suitable concrete construction for the manufacture of the screed or the concrete layer. Prefabricated concrete elements can also be used as a floor construction within the scope of the invention.

By creating a bond between the floor construction and the existing support or to the existing plate through the steel element, a composite support is created, which immediately after its manufacture to the full extent

6/22 ₅

K2352 is resilient. The load-bearing capacity of the composite beam comprising the existing beams and the steel elements is significantly higher than the load-bearing capacity of the original beams.

According to the invention, this is achieved in the case of a plate in that the steel elements in the pressure zone or in the tension zone of the plate can be aligned to form a horizontal geometric plane extending over the plate, which geometric plane is punctiform and / or linear due to the highest edges of the steel elements is defined and can be formed as a flexurally rigid floor construction articulated on the steel elements.

The above-mentioned embodiments of the floor construction can also be used for existing slabs.

By creating a bond between the steel element and the plate on the one hand and the steel element and the floor construction on the other hand, a composite plate is created. The above-mentioned techniques for making a bond between the support and the steel element can also be used for making a bond between the plate and the steel element.

The load-bearing capacity of the composite panel is significantly higher than the load-bearing capacity of the original panel.

The plate can be, for example, an existing concrete slab, which concrete slab was manufactured with an insufficient load capacity.

The extent of the increase in the load-bearing capacity of the existing girder or the existing slab essentially depends on the dimensioning of the steel elements and the floor construction.

The person skilled in the art can design a steel element as a rod, which rod, for example, from above into the cross section / 22 _n o

K2352 or is introduced into the plate cross-section. A steel element designed as a rod has no significant influence on the load-bearing capacity of the composite body, since no significant force can be transferred from the beams or the plate into the floor construction by means of rods. Rods can only be compared to the following

Embodiments transmit small shear forces in composite beams.

The steel element can be formed as a plate-shaped element, which plate-shaped element is connected to this or the plate parallel to the longitudinal direction of the carrier or the plate. It is conceivable that a plurality of plate-shaped elements with a defined plate length are arranged over the carrier length or plate length. Likewise, a steel element extending over the length of the carrier or over a highly loaded partial length of the carrier or the plate can be arranged on the carrier.

In the case of the ceiling structure according to the invention, which is subjected to bending, the beams or the plate and the floor structure are subjected to pressure or tension and the steel elements are subjected to thrust.

The ceiling construction according to the invention is characterized in that all elements are introduced in the dry state. The connected elements can therefore be loaded immediately after the production of the respective composite.

When producing a bond between the carrier or the plate and the steel element by means of screws and / or glued-in pins as pin-shaped connecting elements, it is advantageous that the longitudinal axis of the pin of the pin-shaped connecting elements is oriented essentially parallel to a cutting force.

8/22 ₇

K2352

A screw screwed into wood and a pin glued into wood can be loaded with a much higher force in the transverse direction than in the longitudinal direction. With the ceiling construction according to the invention, the person skilled in the art is able to calculate or estimate the size and the direction of the forces occurring during a service load in the bond between the carrier or the plate and the steel element, using the conventional statics teachings. The person skilled in the art arranges and aligns the pin-shaped connecting means according to this calculation or estimate.

The ceiling construction according to the invention can be characterized in that the steel elements comprise supports for receiving the floor construction.

Such supports facilitate assembly.

The supports advantageously comprise an impact sound insulation element. According to current teaching, the impact sound is transmitted to a lesser extent to the wooden beams below.

The arrangement according to the invention of the steel elements on the support or the plate and the support of a rigid floor construction on the steel elements creates a new ceiling construction in comparison to the ceiling constructions according to the prior art, which can be improved by increasing the load-bearing capacity, a low weight, high sound insulation, good Fire protection and a low installation height. The advantages mentioned are discussed on the basis of the following application examples shown in FIGS. 1 to 5.

The exemplary embodiments described below relate to existing carriers. The person skilled in the art is able to modify these exemplary embodiments for use on existing panels.

_{9/22 8}

K2352

Figure 1 and Figure 2 illustrate the manufacture of a

Embodiment of the ceiling construction according to the invention. Figure 3 shows this embodiment of the ceiling structure according to the invention.

Figure 4 illustrates the manufacture of another

Embodiment of the ceiling construction according to the invention.

In the figures, the following elements are identified by the reference numerals below.

Dippel tree, wooden beams original fill original floor structure

Brick first dipple tree second dipple tree third dipple tree

Top of wooden dippel tree, wooden support

slot

adhesive

steel element

Top edge of steel element

Geometric level

floor construction

Lower edge of the floor construction

Top edge of the floor construction

board layer

Midfield wooden beams

Ends of wooden beams

FIG. 1 shows a classic dipple tree ceiling comprising (from bottom to top) dipple trees 1, an original bed 2 and an original floor structure 3. The original floor structure 3 consists of bricks 3 which are placed on the original bed 2. The first step

10/22

K2352 a renovation of such a dipple tree ceiling, the original floor structure 3 and the original fill are cleared.

In a subsequent step, selected dipple trees of the exposed dipple trees 1 are slit and the slit produced in the selected dipple tree is filled with an adhesive. A steel element is then inserted into the slot filled with adhesive before the adhesive hardens as a new system carrier.

FIG. 2 illustrates this manufacturing process with the aid of a dipple tree top, a first selected dipple tree 5 being slotted on its top 8, the slot 9 produced in a second dipple tree 6 being filled with an adhesive 10, and a steel element 11 as a new system carrier in FIG the slot 9 filled with adhesive 10 is introduced.

The person skilled in the art only fills the slot 9, as shown in FIG. 2, to a partial area, so that when the steel element 11 is introduced, an excess adhesive 10 is not driven out of the slot 9.

The steel element 11 contacts the slot surface with steel element partial areas, so that there is static friction between the steel element 11 and the third dipple tree 7. Overcoming this static friction and when the adhesive 10 has not solidified, the height of the steel element 11 can be aligned with the third dipple tree 7.

Figure 3 shows a manufactured embodiment of the ceiling structure according to the invention. Selected dipple trees 5, 6, 7 are slotted on their surfaces, an adhesive 10 and a steel element 11 being introduced into the slits 9 produced. The steel elements 11 and the surfaces of the slots 9 are in frictional contact, so that the steel elements 11 overcome the frictional forces

11/22, ± u

K2352 between the steel element 11 and the selected dipple tree

5, 6, 7 in their altitude to the respective dipple trees 5,

6, 7 can be aligned so that the upper edge 12 of the steel elements 11 form an elevation 13. A geometric plane is formed by the upper edges 12 of the steel elements 11, which geometric plane 14 extends over a plurality of dipple trees 1 and above these dipple trees 1.

When a rigid floor construction 15 is articulated to the upper edges of the steel elements 11, the geometric plane 14 runs congruently with the lower edge 16 of the floor construction 15. The rigid floor construction extends over the steel elements 11 spaced apart from one another.

An impact sound insulation, not shown in FIG. 3, is arranged in the articulation area between floor construction 15 and steel element 11.

The static elements of the ceiling structure, namely the floor structure 15, the steel elements 11 and the wooden dipple trees 1 are structurally connected to one another, so that when the ceiling structure is stressed by bending, the wooden dipple trees 1 are subjected to tension and pressure, and the floor structure 15 is subjected to pressure. The steel elements 11 connecting the wooden dipple trees 1 and the floor construction 15 are subjected to thrust.

The floor construction 15 is made of aluminum elements according to the prior art. The person skilled in the art recognizes that, inter alia because of the absence of the fill 2, the ceiling construction according to the invention has a significantly lower weight than the original ceiling construction shown in FIG. 1.

Figure 4 shows a further embodiment of the ceiling construction according to the invention, which is based on a wooden tram ceiling according to the prior art. At a / 22

K2352 well known according to the state of the art and not shown in FIG. 4, all wooden elements are removed except for the wooden beams 1 and a board layer 18 resting on the wooden beams 1. The board layer 18 can be retained in the ceiling construction according to the invention for primarily optical reasons, especially since the board layer 18 can have ornaments on its lower layer in existing ceilings.

The wooden beams 1 comprise a slot 9, which slot 9 is partially filled with an adhesive 10. A steel element 11 is inserted into a slot 9 in the case of non-curing or non-curing adhesive 10. The steel elements 11 are aligned in their vertical position 13 relative to the wooden beam 1 in such a way that the upper edges 12 of the steel elements 11 define a geometric plane 14. The geometric plane 14 extends over a plurality of wooden beams 1 and runs above the wooden beams 1. By linking a floor structure 15 to the steel elements 11, a composite beam formed from wooden beams 1, steel elements 11 and floor structure 15 is created.

FIG. 5 shows a longitudinal section of the wooden support 1 shown in cross section in FIG. 4

Wooden beam 1 distributed several steel elements 1 arranged. The steel elements 11 at the ends 20 of the wooden support 1 have a shorter length than the steel element 11 in the central area 19 of the wooden support 1. When the wooden support 1 is subjected to bending with a load that is uniform over the length of the wooden support, the wooden support 1 occurs in the central area 19 current teaching, the maximum of the bending load and, as a result, the maximum of the tensile and compressive forces (from the bending) and the maximum of the thrust forces.

In the case of an adhesive connection between the steel element 11 and the wooden carrier 1 - as shown in FIG. 4 - the connection between the steel element 11 and the wooden carrier 1

13/22,

K2352 transferable thrust essentially determined by the size of the contact surface of the wooden beam 1 and steel element 11. For this reason, the steel element 11 in the middle field 19 has a greater length than the steel elements 11 at the ends 20 of the wooden carrier 1.

It can also be clearly seen in FIG. 5 that the slot 9, in which slot 9 the steel element 11 is positively inserted, extends over the board layer 18 and the wooden support 1. In the manufacture of the slot, the slot 9 is made, for example, by means of a circular saw by sawing the board layer 18 and the wooden support.

If necessary, the board layer 18 is previously attached to the wooden support 1.

FIG. 4 and FIG. 5 show that the space between floor construction 15 and board layer 18 is designed as an air space. The specialist can also arrange an insulation material in this room.

^{14 7 2} ? 3

K2352

Claims (6)

claims 1. ceiling structure comprising existing beams, which beams have a compression zone and a tension zone under load, Steel elements, wherein at least one steel element is mechanically and / or adhesively connected to a respective carrier, characterized in that the steel elements in the pressure zone of the carrier or in the tensile zone of the carrier with the formation of a horizontal extending over several carriers and above the carrier Geometric level can be aligned, which geometric level is defined by the highest edges of the steel elements in a punctiform and / or linear manner and can be formed as a rigid construction of the floor articulated to the steel elements. 2. Ceiling construction comprising an existing plate, which plate has a pressure zone and a tensile zone under load, steel elements distributed over the surface area of the plate, which steel elements are mechanically and / or adhesively connected to the plate, characterized in that the steel elements in the pressure zone or in the train zone of the The plate can be aligned with the formation of a horizontal geometric plane extending over the plate, which geometric plane is defined in a punctiform and / or linear manner by the highest edges of the steel elements and can be designed as a flexurally rigid floor construction articulated on the steel elements. 3. Ceiling construction according to one of claims 1 to 2, characterized in that 15/22. K2352 the steel elements are connected to the supports or to the plate via pin-shaped connecting elements. 4. Ceiling construction according to claim 3, characterized in that when the pin-shaped connecting elements are designed as screws and / or glued-in pins, the longitudinal axis of the pin-shaped connecting elements is oriented essentially parallel to a cutting force. 5. Ceiling construction according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the steel elements comprise supports for receiving the floor construction. 6. Ceiling construction according to claim 5, characterized in that the supports comprise an impact sound insulation element. 16/22. K2352