DE102016004404A1 - Flooring element - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a floor covering element for buildings, with a bottom plate and at least one base, via which the bottom plate can be supported on a substrate. The base plate is acoustically decoupled from the ground that the base is at least partially designed as a soundproofing part. Alternatively or additionally, it is provided that the base plate is only indirectly in contact with the base, by at least one soundproofing part is arranged between the bottom plate and the base, stands only indirectly with the base in contact, as between the bottom plate and the base at least a soundproofing part is arranged.

Description

The invention relates to a floor covering element for building floors with a bottom plate and at least one base, via which the bottom plate can be supported on a substrate.

The term "underground" in the context of the invention refers exclusively to buildings, especially residential and office buildings, and refers to horizontal, load-bearing construction levels, such as (floors) floors or ceilings.

From the DE 40 27 476 A1 Floor covering elements are known which comprise plates and a web arranged under the plates of several individual webs. By means of the bridge, the plates are supported against a ferroconcrete structure arranged below the bridge.

In addition, from the WO 88/03207 A1 Flooring elements are known, which rest with molded feet on a substrate, with a rigid plate superimposed on the feet and thus spaced from the ground.

The previously known floor covering elements have the disadvantage that in some cases no planar surface can be formed with them. This results from the fact that as a substrate usually a locally manufactured construction level, such. B. a floor ceiling made of concrete, is used, which has bumps and height tolerances. Rigid elements that are supported on such a construction plane therefore exhibit deviations from the horizontal. There is thus the risk that users of a floor stumble. In addition, there is a risk that individual rigid flooring elements are superimposed on individual elevations or peaks of the substrate, so that a tilting storage of these flooring elements is present. This leads to wobbling of the flooring elements.

Furthermore, a shift in the horizontal direction is possible when storing rigid Bodenebelagelemente on a rigid surface, which causes a lack of composite flooring elements with each other and thus an occurrence of open joints.

The previously known floor covering elements have the disadvantage of a large acoustic conductivity, due to the choice and the arrangement of the components of the floor covering elements. In particular, in living and working spaces, for example, structure-borne noise is transmitted from the ground via the feet in the bottom plate, resulting in a significant impairment of the living or working quality.

It is therefore the object of the invention to develop a floor covering element to the effect that eliminates the disadvantages mentioned and in particular has significantly improved sound insulation properties.

The object of the invention is achieved by a floor covering element with the features of claim 1. It is provided that the bottom plate is acoustically decoupled from the ground that the base is at least partially formed as a soundproofing part and / or that the bottom plate with the base only indirectly is in contact by at least one soundproofing part is arranged between the bottom plate and the base.

The invention is based on the basic idea that the great sound conductivity of generic flooring elements goes back to a substantial extent on the connection between the bottom plate and the base. By the stand is at least partially designed as a soundproofing part and / or the connection of the bottom plate to the stand according to the invention by means of the soundproofing part designed only indirectly, sound, such as structure-borne noise, the soundproofing part must happen and is therefore damped. In this way, a cost-effective soundproofing is guaranteed.

In the following, "soundproofing" refers both to the at least partial embodiment of the base as a soundproofing part as well as to the embodiment with a soundproofing separately formed by the stand.

Footstep noise occurs, for example, from walking movements of users on the floor slab, which cause acoustic vibrations. These vibrations spread along the bottom plate and get in generic flooring elements through the feet undamped in the underlying ground. From there, the vibrations continue to spread. By interposing the soundproofing these vibrations are now damped, so that that portion of the sound that passes through the soundproofing part is attenuated, preferably in the frequency range of impact sound and / or in the frequency range between 60 Hz and 4 kHz.

The contact surface of the soundproofing part can be at least as large as the support surface of the base, in order to improve the sound insulation properties of the soundproofing part.

The soundproofing part and / or the base can be designed annular, cylindrical, pyramidal or conical, preferably the tip of the pyradmidenförmig or cone-shaped designed soundproofing part to the base has. In this way, the sound insulation properties of the soundproofing part and / or the base are reinforced by the design and orientation of the soundproofing part and / or the base.

Can be supported in the sense of the invention means that the bottom plate is arranged to the ground at a distance and does not touch the ground.

Preferably, the space provided by the at least one stand spacing and the arrangement of soundproofing parts according to the invention due to their material elasticities and / or their sliding bearing in the bottom plate allows a leveling of the bottom plate, preferably in the order of about 2 to 4 millimeters.

In an advantageous embodiment of the invention, it is provided that each base plate at least three feet, in particular at least four feet are assigned. By this configuration, a stable mounting of the bottom plate is ensured on the feet, especially in dynamic loads, such as walking movements on the bottom plate.

Preferably, each stand is assigned at least one, in particular exactly one soundproofing part. By providing at least one soundproofing part for each base, the shape, the orientation and / or the material of the soundproofing part can be matched to the base assigned to it, which improves the soundproofing properties.

The base plate may be made of mineral-bound grain mixtures and be designed in particular as a concrete slab, lightweight concrete slab, foam concrete slab and / or fiber cement slab.

The base is preferably made of a porous mineral building material and may in particular components of Einkorngranulaten, such as gravel grains, and / or foam glass or foam concrete have or consist of this. In this way, the thermal conductivity properties of the flooring element are improved.

The soundproofing part can be made of a porous mineral building material, in particular of concrete, or of ceramic or of a fiber composite material or of plastic, in particular of an elastomer, or of foam or of rubber. As a result, its sound insulation properties are already improved by the choice of the material of the soundproofing. In particular, the soundproofing part can be made of porous concrete, so that its soundproofing properties are also improved.

In an advantageous embodiment, the at least one base and / or the soundproofing part is positively connected to the bottom plate. For example, these parts may be cast into the base plate, for example as part of the production process of the base plate. In this embodiment, the soundproofing part may have undercuts in order to improve the positive connection.

In addition, non-positive connections of the base and / or the soundproofing with the bottom plate are conceivable. Additionally or alternatively, the base and / or the soundproofing part may be materially connected to the bottom plate, for example by gluing or welding.

A further advantageous embodiment provides that the soundproofing part is integrally connected to the base, for example by welding or gluing. Additionally or alternatively, a frictional connection between the soundproofing part and the base can be configured.

Further embodiments may provide that at least one recess is formed on an underside of the bottom plate facing the ground, in which the base and / or the at least one soundproofing part is arranged. In this way, the base and / or the soundproofing part can be at least partially received by the recess of the bottom plate, resulting in a compact construction of the floor covering element and as it were the sound insulation properties of the floor covering element are ensured.

In a preferred embodiment, each stand is associated with a recess so that each stand can be received by the associated recess. It is provided that the base protrudes from the recess and protrudes from this. Advantageously, the shape of the base of the recess is matched to the bearing surface of the base and / or the soundproofing part and can be configured, for example, circular or elliptical.

For the further embodiment it can be provided that the soundproofing part is arranged between a bottom of the recess and an upper end face of the base facing the bottom plate. In this embodiment may be provided in particular that laterally between a peripheral surface of the base and an inner wall of the recess facing the peripheral surfaces of the recess, a gap is formed, so that the base is not in contact with the inner wall of the recess. The advantage of this embodiment is the ease of manufacture.

Alternatively or additionally, the soundproofing part may be arranged between a peripheral surface of the base and an inner wall of the recess of the bottom plate.

In a particularly advantageous embodiment of the invention, the soundproofing part is annular (for example, an O-ring) and connected to the inner wall of the recess of the bottom plate, so that the soundproofing encloses the peripheral surface of the base when inserting the base in the recess of the bottom plate, preferably below close fit. In this embodiment, a gap between the upper end face of the base and the bottom plate is preferably formed.

In a further embodiment, the bottom plate is provided with at least one frame part, which surrounds the base plate circumferentially. Preferably, it may be provided that the frame part surrounds the base plate on the peripheral side. The frame part serves to protect the bottom plate, since laterally occurring forces first act on the frame part and this distributes the forces over a larger area. In particular, under dynamic loads thus the bottom plate is protected. In an advantageous development of the invention, the frame part is designed as a further soundproofing part, so that lateral transmissions of sound along standing in contact floorboards are suppressed. This is particularly advantageous when a plurality of floor panels are arranged flat against each other, wherein the frame parts of the floor panels are in contact with each other.

The frame part is preferably attached to the bottom plate in a form-fitting and / or material fit and, in particular, is attached to the bottom plate in a tight fit. In addition, the frame part can be made of plastic, concrete, cement, ceramic or cast resin.

On the frame part holding devices may be formed which can be brought into engagement with corresponding holding devices of corresponding frame parts of other floor covering elements. In the case of several floor covering elements, in particular the holding devices can thus be connected to one another. Thus, the frame part serves as a positioning aid for its associated bottom plate, so that lateral displacements of the associated bottom plate are prevented. In particular, the holding action of the holding devices can be effected or reinforced by means of positive engagement of the holding devices.

In addition, the object of the invention is achieved with a floor having at least one floor covering element according to the invention, said floor referred to in the context of the invention, a walk-in area of a building.

In an advantageous development of the floor according to the invention provides that a bedding layer is provided below the at least one bottom plate on the ground, wherein the at least one foot is superimposed directly on the bedding layer. In addition to the thermal insulation properties of the bedding layer against the substrate, the bedding layer serves for further sound insulation and as a positioning aid for the feet. For this purpose, the bedding layer at least predominantly loose, granular material or bulk material as well as hydraulically binding granules. The bedding layer also makes it possible to compensate for larger irregularities in the subsurface, in particular irregularities of greater than 4 mm. This bedding layer also prevents the flooring element from sliding horizontally.

In a further advantageous embodiment, the bedding layer may comprise a binder which is in particular hydraulically binding, for example cement, and which may consist, for example, of clay, cement or lime. In this way, the base and with it the flooring element with respect to the bedding layer and the substrate can be positioned as long as the bedding layer is not cured. After hardening of the bedding layer creates a positive and / or cohesive connection with the base, so that the base is held securely in position with respect to the ground.

Several floorboards of the floor can be positively connected with each other. In this way, shocks between the floor panels are avoided in lateral relative movements, which not only improves the sound insulation properties of the floor, but also its durability.

It is preferably provided that the connected floor panels each have at least one frame part with at least one holding device, wherein the frame parts surround the respective floor panels on the circumference and wherein the holding devices of the frame parts are positively engaged with each other. In this way, the holding devices not only improve the Sound insulation properties of the floor panels, but also the durability of the floor.

The object of the invention is also achieved with a floor heating system with a floor according to the invention and an air source, from which preferably warm air can be introduced under the floor panel. The connection of the floor according to the invention with the air source, a floor heating is formed, which not only has good thermal conductivity properties, but also improved sound insulation properties.

Further advantages and features of the invention will become apparent from the claims and the following description, are explained in the embodiments of the invention with reference to the drawings in detail. Showing:

1a a section through a schematically illustrated floor covering element;

1b a section through a schematically illustrated floor covering element with separate soundproofing parts;

2 a further embodiment of the floor covering element according to 1 ;

3 a development of the floor covering element according to the invention;

4 a further embodiment of the floor covering element;

5 a schematic section through a floor heating with a floor covering element according to the invention;

6 a floor with floor covering elements according to the invention in a perspective view obliquely from above and

7 an enlarged view of two holding devices of a development of the floor according to 6 ,

1a schematically shows a floor covering element according to the invention 10 for buildings in cross section. The flooring element 10 has a horizontally oriented bottom plate 11 and two cylindrical feet 12 on. The feet 12 are arranged on a substrate U and support the bottom plate 11 from the underground U from. The feet 12 are entirely designed as soundproof parts, which is in 1a represented by the dotted filling. The bottom plate 12 is with her feet 12 facing bottom 14 on the floor plate 11 facing upper end faces 17 the feet 12 superimposed.

1b shows another embodiment of the floor covering element 10 , There are two soundproofing parts 13 visible, the bottom plate 11 with the feet 12 connect indirectly. Another connection between the bottom plate 11 and the feet 12 is not scheduled. In the in 1b shown representation are the soundproofing parts 13 each between one of the feet 12 facing bottom 14 the bottom plate 11 and to the bottom plate 11 attentive faces 17 the feet 12 arranged.

The embodiments of the 1a and 1b are not necessarily alternative to each other. Thus, in particular in one embodiment of the floor covering element 10 both partially trained as soundproofing feet 12 as well as separate soundproofing parts 13 be provided.

To 1b are the soundproofing parts 13 cylindrically shaped, wherein the base surfaces of the surfaces of the upper end faces 17 the feet 12 correspond. The soundproofing parts 13 are with the bottom plate 11 glued, but can alternatively or additionally with the feet 12 be glued. In addition, the soundproofing parts can 13 also form-fitting with the bottom plate 11 be connected by, for example, they are poured into this.

While the bottom plate 11 made of concrete and the feet 12 are made of porous mineral building materials, such as foam glass, the switching protection parts 13 also consist of these building materials. In addition, other materials are conceivable, in particular ceramics, concrete or plastics or rubber.

The soundproofing parts 13 are characterized by the fact that they insulate passing sound, so that it does not have the soundproofing parts 13 is transferred out. This is especially true for frequencies between 60 Hz and 4 kHz. For example, by one on the bottom plate 11 The person standing impact sound, which is located along the surface of the bottom plate 11 spreads. About the bottom 14 the bottom plate 11 the sound reaches the soundproofing parts 13 where it is muted so that no appreciable amount of sound is the feet 12 is reached and directed into the underground U. In addition, sound in the reverse direction from the underground U in the direction of the bottom plate 11 through the soundproofing parts 13 attenuated.

2 shows a further embodiment of the floor covering element according to the invention 10 with two rectangular recesses 15 on the bottom 14 the bottom plate 11 , two soundproofing parts 13 and two feet 12 , The recesses 15 the bottom plate 11 each have a floor 16 and inner walls 19 on. In the embodiment shown, the two soundproofing parts 13 on the floors 16 the recesses 15 arranged and with the feet 12 connected so that the feet 12 partly in the recesses 15 protrude. Between lateral peripheral surfaces 18 the feet 12 and the inner walls 19 the recesses 15 open spaces are formed so that the feet 12 with the bottom plate 11 only indirectly in contact.

The length of the feet 12 is such that the feet 12 from the recesses 15 protrude and the bottom plate 11 is supported at a distance on the ground U. The distance of the bottom plate 11 to the underground U is smaller than in the embodiment of 1b What a more compact construction of the flooring element 10 equivalent.

In 3 is a further embodiment of the flooring element according to the invention 10 shown, which is similar to the embodiment of 2 two recesses 15 on the bottom 14 the bottom plate 11 having. The soundproofing parts 13 are however in contrast to the soundproofing parts 13 of the 1 and 2 as annular soundproofing parts 13 formed and on the inner walls 19 the recesses 15 arranged. The soundproofing parts 13 enclose the peripheral surfaces 18 the feet 12 in close fit and are laterally between the feet 12 and the bottom plate 11 arranged. Between the floors 16 the recesses 15 and the upper end faces 17 the feet 12 a space is formed, so that the feet only indirectly with the bottom plate 11 stay in contact.

In contrast, the show 1b and 2 the soundproofing parts 13 in a vertical arrangement between the feet 12 and the bottom plate 11 , In 3 are for each recess 15 two soundproofing parts 13 provided vertically stacked. The feet 12 be according to 3 positive and / or non-positive of the soundproofing parts 13 held, so that the bottom plate 11 about the connection between the soundproofing parts 13 and the feet 12 is supported against the underground U.

In 4 are for each recess 15 both a soundproofing part 13 between the upper end faces 17 the feet 12 and the floors 16 the recesses 15 as well as two annular soundproofing parts 13 laterally between the inner walls 19 the recesses 15 and the peripheral surfaces 18 the feet arranged under close fit. This results in a particularly stable construction of the floor covering element 10 in which the feet 12 are held both positive and non-positive.

5 shows a floor according to the invention 22 with two floor covering elements according to the invention 10 , each two soundproofing parts 13 and two feet 12 and having a bedding layer 23 above the ground U. The floor plates 11 are arranged horizontally side by side to form a gap 26 between both floor plates 11 , At the bottoms 14 the floor plates 11 are the two soundproofing parts 13 arranged, in turn, on the upper end faces 17 the two feet 12 rest. The feet 12 stand over the bedding layer 23 with the underground U only indirectly in contact. The bedding layer 23 is made of hydraulically binding granules, wherein a binder, such as cement, is added.

In malleable condition of the bedding layer 23 can the flooring elements 10 and in particular their feet 12 be positioned before the bedding layer 23 cures. After hardening of the bedding layer 23 become the feet 12 fixed at its position relative to the ground U. This results in a stable construction of the floor 22 , the impact sound occurring in particular by means of the soundproofing parts 13 reliably dampens.

5 also shows an air source 25 , the fresh or warm air in the area between the bottom plates 11 and the bedding layer 23 can initiate. As a result, a floor heating invention 24 educated. The below the floor plates 11 flowing fresh or warm air, for example, by means of the gap 26 between the two floor plates 11 in the room area above the floor slabs 11 flow, so that this room area is supplied with fresh or warm air.

6 shows a further embodiment of the floor according to the invention 22 in which each flooring element 10 a frame part 20 having, that its associated bottom plate 11 encloses laterally over its entire circumference, so that in each case a bottom plate 11 in the frame part assigned to it 20 is enclosed in a tight fit. Every frame part 20 is with jagged holding devices 21 provided with complementary designed holding devices 21 other frame parts 20 are positively engageable engageable. In the illustrated embodiment of the 6 are the fixtures 21 designed as triangular projections and depressions. In this way, lateral relative movements between the flooring elements 10 prevented. This results in a stable structure of the shown floor 22 in particular, a slippage of individual floor panels 11 is prevented.

7 shows an alternative embodiment of the holding devices 12 the frame parts 20 a further education of the floor 22 out 6 in detailed view. Every holding device 21 is with undercuts 28 and protrusions 29 provided, the form-fitting with complementary designed holding devices 21 can be brought into engagement. This happens because the base plate to be fastened 11 with its frame part 20 is first raised and in the raised state, the holding device 21 is laterally aligned so that vertically above the holding device 21 the underlying floor slab 11 is. By lowering the base plate to be fastened 11 grab the undercuts 28 and the projections 29 the holding device 21 the upper floor plate 11 in accordance with complementary configured holding devices 21 the underlying floor slab 11 one. This is a positive fastening two floor panels 11 realized, so that lateral relative movements of the floor panels 11 are prevented.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

10

Flooring element

11

baseplate

12

stand

13

Sound insulation part

14

Bottom base plate

15

recess

16

Bottom of the recess

17

Front side stand

18

Peripheral base

19

Inner wall recess

20

frame part

21

holder

22

floor

23

underlayment

24

underfloor heating

25

air source

26

gap

27

Lower front side

28

undercut

29

head Start

U

underground

QUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list of the documents listed by the applicant has been generated automatically and is included solely for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.

Cited patent literature

• DE 4027476 A1 [0003]
• WO 88/03207 A1 [0004]

Claims (16)

Flooring element ( 10 ) for building floors, with a base plate ( 11 ) and at least one foot ( 12 ), over which the bottom plate ( 11 ) is supportable on a substrate (U), characterized in that the bottom plate ( 11 ) is acoustically decoupled from the ground (U), that the base ( 12 ) is at least partially formed as a soundproofing part and / or that the bottom plate ( 11 ) with the stand ( 12 ) is only indirectly in contact, by between the bottom plate ( 11 ) and the pedestal ( 12 ) at least one soundproofing part ( 13 ) is arranged. Floor covering element according to claim 1, characterized in that each base plate ( 11 ) at least three feet ( 12 ), in particular at least four feet ( 12 ) assigned. Floor covering element according to one of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that each foot ( 12 ) at least one, in particular exactly one soundproofing part ( 13 ) assigned. Floor covering element according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the pedestal ( 12 ) and / or the soundproofing part ( 13 ) are made at least partially of a mineral bound grain mixture, of a porous mineral building material, in particular of concrete, or of ceramic or of a fiber composite material or of plastic, in particular of an elastomer, or of foam or rubber. Floor covering element according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the at least one foot ( 12 ) and / or the soundproofing part ( 13 ) with the bottom plate ( 11 ) is positively connected and in particular in the bottom plate ( 11 ) is poured. Floor covering element according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that on one of the substrate (U) facing bottom ( 14 ) of the bottom plate ( 11 ) at least one recess ( 15 ), in which the base ( 12 ) and / or the at least one soundproofing part ( 13 ) is arranged. Floor covering element according to claim 6, characterized in that the soundproofing part ( 13 ) between a floor ( 16 ) of the recess ( 15 ) and one of the bottom plate ( 11 ) facing upper end face ( 17 ) of the stand ( 12 ) is arranged. Floor covering element according to one of claims 6 or 7, characterized in that the soundproofing part ( 13 ) between a peripheral surface ( 18 ) of the stand ( 12 ) and an inner wall ( 19 ) of the recess ( 15 ) of the bottom plate ( 11 ) is arranged. Floor covering element according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the bottom plate ( 11 ) with at least one frame part ( 20 ), the bottom plate ( 11 ) surrounds circumferentially. Floor covering element according to claim 9, characterized in that on the frame part ( 20 ) Holding devices ( 21 ) are formed, which with corresponding holding devices ( 21 ) corresponding frame parts ( 20 ) of other flooring elements ( 10 ) are engageable. Floor ( 22 ) with at least one floor covering element ( 10 ) according to one of claims 1 to 10. Floor according to claim 11, characterized in that a bedding layer ( 23 ) below the at least one bottom plate ( 11 ) is provided on the ground (U), wherein the at least one foot ( 12 ) directly on the bedding layer ( 23 ) is stored. Floor according to claim 12, characterized in that the bedding layer ( 23 ) comprises a binder. Floor according to one of claims 11 to 13, characterized in that a plurality of base plates ( 11 ) are positively connected with each other. Floor according to claim 14, characterized in that the connected floor panels ( 11 ) at least one frame part ( 20 ) with at least one holding device ( 21 ), wherein the frame parts ( 20 ) the respective floor slabs ( 11 ) peripherally surrounded and wherein the holding devices ( 21 ) of the frame parts ( 20 ) are positively engaged with each other. Underfloor heating ( 24 ) with a floor ( 22 ) according to one of claims 11 to 15 and an air source ( 25 ), from which air under the bottom plate ( 11 ) can be introduced.

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