EP3443165B1 - System for securing a railway apparatus - Google Patents

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The invention relates to a securing system for a railway device, and in particular for a switch. It also relates to a transport vehicle, in particular a wagon, incorporating such a securing device.

STATE OF THE PRIOR ART

In the document FR3024470 a railroad apparatus transport wagon is described, comprising a railroad apparatus support platform, having a support surface for the railroad apparatus, the support platform being movable between a position horizontal loading position and an inclined transport position. The switch is fixed to the support platform by a lashing mechanism consisting of individual flanges, distributed over the entire switch, arranged between the sleepers of the switch and the platform.

Such a particularly simple method of attachment, however, has the disadvantage of requiring access to the loading platform to come manually tighten the clamps, so before the point and crossing is secured. Special precautions are therefore necessary for handling both in the loading and unloading phases, in order to ensure the safety of personnel.

In order to allow the turnout to be fixed to the platform without needing to access the platform, the company MATISA SA has marketed since 2006 at least one turnout securing mechanism, comprising bars fastening, carrying at one end a hook intended to come into position in engagement with a part of the shoe of a rail of the switch. Each bar is slidably mounted in a sleeve articulated to the platform so as to pivot around an axis longitudinal which is perpendicular to the bar. The operator can thus maneuver the bar like a lever, holding it by its free end opposite the hook to rotate it until the hook approaches the rail pad, while adjusting the useful length of the bar by sliding it into the sleeve. Once the hook is engaged with the rail shoe, all that remains is to block the sliding of the bar in the sleeve to lock the hook and the rail device in position relative to the platform. The length of the bar allows the operator to act while remaining at a distance from the hook, on the side of the platform. The system thus described is very similar to the system illustrated in the document WO2014154624A1 . It is effective, but does not make it possible to obtain a significant clamping force between the hook and the switch, this in particular because the force applied by the hook on the rail foot during installation and immobilization is in the general direction of the bar, slightly oblique with respect to the horizontal, therefore with a strong horizontal component which tends to cause the switch and crossing to slide on the platform. This device is also difficult to motorize.

DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION

The invention aims to remedy the drawbacks of the state of the art and to propose a securing system for a railroad apparatus which allows simple and secure handling of the railroad apparatus and is simple to motorise.

To do this, according to one aspect of the invention, there is proposed a securing system for a railway apparatus according to claim

The movement of the fixing member is thus broken down into at least two components, namely a horizontal movement of the carriage carrying the fixing member and a vertical downward movement of the guide rail of the carriage, moreover of very low amplitude. This breakdown allows a procedure for securing the turnout to the platform controlled in several successive stages, namely initially the positioning of the fixing device which includes, if necessary, a movement of the carriage along the trajectory defined by the slide, then, in a second step, locking by pressing the slide downwards.

The support platform is preferably horizontal in the loading position. It can however be inclined, this inclination being less than in the transport position. The reference plane is related to the support platform and preferably parallel to the support platform. Preferably, the resultant of the forces induced by the locking member on the slideway and the fixing members does not include any component of translation in the reference plane.

The path of the carriage defined by the slide is preferably a straight path.

The carriage is moved along the guide rail by a drive mechanism, motorized or not, preferably self-locking. The drive mechanism may comprise, for example, a hydraulic or pneumatic piston actuator, or make use of a rotary motor, in particular an electric motor, and a transmission transforming the rotary movement of the motor shaft into a movement of the carriage along the trajectory defined by the slider. It is possible here to envisage any appropriate mode of transmission, for example by pulleys and cable or transmission chain, by pinion and rack. To obtain a self-locking effect of the drive mechanism, it is preferable to choose to interpose between the motor and the carriage an irreversible transmission mechanism, for example an endless screw mechanism. One can also consider, instead of a motor, a crank connected to the carriage by a preferably irreversible transmission mechanism.

Preferably, the carriage drive mechanism includes a drive and/or control member located on one side of the platform. The operator can thus stand outside the platform during the operation of positioning the fastening member.

According to a particularly advantageous embodiment, the locking mechanism is such that when the platform is in the horizontal loading position and the securing mechanism is in the unlocked state, the slide has at least one degree of translational freedom per relative to the platform in a horizontal longitudinal direction with preferably a deflection of at least 50 cm, and preferably at least one degree of rotational freedom around a vertical axis, preferably with an angular deflection of at least 10 °. The orientation of the slide gives great freedom of positioning of the fixing device of the track device with respect to the track device, and therefore allows the securing system to adapt to track devices of various configurations, or whose positioning on the platform is not precise.

Preferably, the locking members are driven from the unlocking state to the locking state by a motorized actuator, or a motorized actuator (54) and an energy accumulator, preferably self-locking. By combining a motorization of the locking member and a motorization of the carriage, a fully motorized securing mechanism is obtained.

According to a particularly advantageous embodiment, the fixing member is movable relative to the carriage between at least one retracted position and one fixing position, the fixing member in the retracted position being located, when the support platform is in the loading position, under a fixing plane parallel to the reference plane and located preferably above the guide rail and the carriage, and the fixing member in the fixing position being located, when the support platform is in the loading position, at least partially above the mounting plane. Preferably, the fixing member is moved by a motorized actuator, or a motorized actuator (54) and an energy accumulator, preferably self-locking, between the retracted position and the fixing position. According to one embodiment, the fixing member is rotatable about a pivot axis between the retracted position and the fixing position. The fixing member can for example pivot around an axis of rotation fixed relative to the carriage are also possible, for example a deformable parallelogram connection.

The fixing member preferably comprises at least one hooking zone intended to be hooked to a part of the track apparatus, preferably a rail, although it is also possible to hook a sleeper of the device of way. According to one embodiment, the fixing member comprises two attachment zones, located, when the support platform is in the loading position and the fixing member is in the fixing position, at different heights.

In practice, the support platform is preferably movable between the loading position and an inclined transport position, preferably by rotation about at least one horizontal pivot axis. Preferably, the path of the carriage extends at least in a direction perpendicular to the pivot axis.

• au moins une autre glissière de guidage solidaire de la glissière de guidage;
• au moins un autre chariot guidé par l'autre glissière de guidage le long d'une trajectoire qui, lorsque la plateforme de support est dans la position de chargement, est parallèle au plan de référence;
• des moyens de blocage de l'autre chariot par rapport à l'autre glissière de guidage; et
• au moins un autre organe de fixation de l'appareil de voie ferrée, solidaire de l'autre chariot.

According to a particularly advantageous embodiment, the securing mechanism further comprises:

• at least one other guide rail secured to the guide rail;
• at least one other carriage guided by the other guide rail along a path which, when the support platform is in the loading position, is parallel to the reference plane;
• means for locking the other carriage relative to the other guide rail; and
• at least one other member for fixing the railway apparatus, integral with the other carriage.

In practice, the two slides can be in line with each other on the same transverse beam of the securing mechanism, or parallel to each other but offset, on two transverse beams of the securing mechanism. which are mutually supportive.

Preferably, the fixing member and the other fixing member have hooking zones of the railway apparatus which are turned towards each other or turned in the same transverse direction, and are able to each hang on to a runner of a rail of the railroad crossing.

According to another aspect of the invention, the latter relates to a vehicle for transporting a railway device, in particular a wagon for transporting a railway device, comprising a securing system as described above , mounted on a transport frame supported by running gear.

• on pose l'appareil de voie ferrée sur une plateforme de support de positionnée dans une position de chargement,
• on positionne un chariot portant un organe de fixation, le long d'une trajectoire plane d'une glissière de guidage du chariot, de manière à mettre l'organe de fixation en prise avec l'appareil de voie ferrée;
• on sollicite la glissière de guidage par application d'efforts ayant une résultante vers le bas et on verrouille la glissière de guidage dans une position de verrouillage.

According to another aspect, a method of transporting a railway device comprises the following operations:

• the railway device is placed on a support platform positioned in a loading position,
• a carriage carrying a fixing member is positioned along a plane path of a guide rail of the carriage, so as to bring the fixing member into engagement with the railway apparatus;
• the guide rail is stressed by applying forces having a downward resultant and the guide rail is locked in a locking position.

The positioning of the carriage is preferably carried out by motorized means, preferably self-locking. Similarly, and the movement of the slide is preferably carried out by motorized means, preferably self-locking.

After having positioned the carriage and before stressing the guide rail, the carriage is preferably locked in position relative to the guide rail. This blocking is obtained automatically if the mechanism ensuring the displacement of the carriage, motorized or not, is irreversible.

To bring the fixing member into engagement with the railway apparatus, the fixing member is preferably moved relative to the carriage from a retracted position to a fixing position, before, during or after the positioning of the carriage bearing the fastener.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF FIGURES

• la figure 1, une vue schématique de face d'un wagon de transport d'un appareil de voie intégrant un système d'arrimage de l'appareil de voie selon un premier mode de réalisation de l'invention, dans une position de chargement ;
• la figure 2, une vue schématique de face du wagon de transport de la figure 1, le système d'arrimage de l'appareil de voie étant dans une position de transport;
• la figure 3, une vue schématique de face du système d'arrimage de l'appareil de voie du wagon de transport de la figure 1, dans une position escamotée;
• la figure 4, une vue schématique de dessus du système d'arrimage de l'appareil de voie du wagon de transport de la figure 1, dans la position escamotée;
• la figure 5, une vue schématique de détail du système d'arrimage de l'appareil de voie du wagon de transport de la figure 1, dans la position escamotée;
• la figure 6, une vue schématique de face du système d'arrimage de l'appareil de voie du wagon de transport de la figure 1, dans une position d'accostage l'appareil de voie;
• la figure 7, une vue schématique de face du système d'arrimage de l'appareil de voie du wagon de transport de la figure 1, dans une position de verrouillage de l'appareil de voie;
• la figure 8, une vue schématique de face d'un système d'arrimage d'un appareil de voie selon un deuxième mode de réalisation de l'invention, dans une position de positionnement de l'appareil de voie;
• la figure 9, une vue schématique de dessus du système d'arrimage d'un appareil de voie de la figure 8, dans la position de positionnement de l'appareil de voie;
• la figure 10, une vue schématique de face d'un système d'arrimage d'un appareil de voie selon un troisième mode de réalisation de l'invention, dans une position de positionnement de l'appareil de voie; et
• la figure 11, une vue schématique de dessus du système d'arrimage d'un appareil de voie de la figure 10, dans la position de positionnement de l'appareil de voie.

Other characteristics and advantages of the invention will become apparent on reading the following description, with reference to the appended figures, which illustrate:

• the figure 1 , a schematic front view of a wagon transporting a switch and crossing incorporating a securing system for the crossing and crossing according to a first embodiment of the invention, in a loading position;
• the figure 2 , a schematic front view of the transport wagon of the figure 1 , the lashing system of the switch and crossing being in a transport position;
• the picture 3 , a schematic front view of the securing system of the track apparatus of the transport wagon of the figure 1 , in a retracted position;
• the figure 4 , a schematic top view of the lashing system of the track apparatus of the transport wagon of the figure 1 , in the retracted position;
• the figure 5 , a detailed schematic view of the securing system of the track apparatus of the transport wagon of the figure 1 , in the retracted position;
• the figure 6 , a schematic front view of the securing system of the track apparatus of the transport wagon of the figure 1 , in a docking position the switchgear;
• the figure 7 , a schematic front view of the securing system of the track apparatus of the transport wagon of the figure 1 , in a locking position of the switch;
• the figure 8 , a schematic front view of a securing system for a track switch according to a second embodiment of the invention, in a positioning position of the track switch;
• the figure 9 , a schematic top view of the lashing system of a track switch of the figure 8 , in the switch position;
• the figure 10 , a schematic front view of a securing system for a track apparatus according to a third embodiment of the invention, in a position for positioning the apparatus; and
• the figure 11 , a schematic top view of the lashing system of a track switch of the figure 10 , in the positioning position of the switch.

For greater clarity, identical or similar elements are identified by identical reference signs in all of the figures.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS

On the figures 1 and 2 is shown a transport wagon 10 being loaded with a track device 12 of large size, and in particular of width greater than the circulation gauge 200 prescribed for rail transport, for example a switch 12 comprising rails 14 and sleepers 16.

The transport wagon 10 comprises a frame 18 whose width is less than or equal to the width of the circulation gauge 200, defining a longitudinal axis perpendicular to the plane of the picture 1 and supported by two undercarriages 20. A tilting platform 22 for loading and supporting the track device 12 is articulated to the chassis 18 by an articulation 24 allowing pivoting around a horizontal axis parallel to the longitudinal axis of the chassis 18. If desired, the tilting support platform 22 may be in two or more parts. The support platform 22 is preferably a mechanically welded structure and has longitudinal members 26 and crosspieces 28. In the loading and unloading position illustrated in the picture 1 , the tilting support platform 22 is horizontal here. A reference plane of the platform will thus be defined, parallel to the latter and also horizontal in the loading position. One or more hydraulic cylinders 30, or any other type of motorized actuator, make it possible to pivot the tilting support platform 22 between the loading and unloading position and an inclined transport position illustrated on the picture 2 .

To secure the switch 12 to the support platform 22, a securing mechanism is provided, illustrated in the figures 3 to 7 . This stowage mechanism is composed of fasteners 32.1, 32.2, in this case hooks, mounted on carriages 34.1, 34.2 which are guided by guide rails 36.1, 36.2 which it is possible to position and attach to the support platform 22, parallel to the reference plane. Each fixing member 32.1, 32.2 is secured to the associated carriage 34.1, 34.2 by a pivot connection 38.1, 38.2. A self-locking actuator 40.1, 40.2 , also carried by the carriage 34.1, 34.2, makes it possible to rotate the fixing member 32.1, 32.2 between a retracted position shown on the figures 3 and 4 and a fixing position illustrated on the figures 6 and 7 .

Here, the term “self-locking actuator” means an actuator which does not require an external energy input to maintain itself in at least certain reference positions, and in particular in the position for fixing the figures 6 and 7 . It may be an actuator capable of remaining in any chosen position within a predetermined positioning range. This can in particular be obtained by providing an actuator comprising an irreversible transmission mechanism, for example a worm gear, between a motor member and the fixing member. It is also possible to envisage a hydraulic cylinder (as illustrated in the figures) associated with a cylinder rod clamping device, as described for example in the document FR 2 021 471 or in the document WO03/046389 .

Each fixing member 32.1, 32.2 forms a double hook, with two attachment zones 42, 44 (cf. figure 5 ) located, in the fixing position, at different heights above the carriage 34.1, 34.2 associated. This allows the mechanism to be used interchangeably with switches and crossings with concrete sleepers (of low height) and with wooden sleepers (of greater height). In all cases, one of the attachment zones 42, 44 is intended to come into engagement with the shoe of one of the rails 14 of the track device 12, between two sleepers 16 of the track device 12 . in this embodiment, the fixing members 32.1, 32.2 are oriented transversely on the same side, in this case so that the gripping areas 42, 44 in the inclined position of the picture 2 , are open upwards.

The carriage 34.1, 34.2 is guided on the associated guide rail 36.1, 36.2 by any appropriate means, which limits the number of degrees of freedom of the carriage relative to the rail to one. The carriage 34.1, 34.2 and the slide 36.1, 36.2 have been illustrated schematically in the figures. In practice, the slide 36.1, 36.2 can be provided with raceways, for example four raceways, on which rollers or balls associated with the carriage roll. It can also be a slide provided with sliding paths for pads formed on the carriage. The slide thus defines a linear trajectory, and preferably rectilinear, for the cart. This trajectory is parallel to the reference plane. In practice, the slide 36.1, 36.2 can be constituted by a solid rail on the periphery of which the rolling or sliding paths are formed, for example a rail of substantially square or rectangular section, the corners of which are machined so as to form four tracks rolling or sliding. In this case, the carriage may have a general U or O shape so as to surround the rail forming the slide. Alternatively, the slide may be constituted by a hollow rail having a groove forming an elongated cavity, in which are formed at least some of the rolling or sliding tracks, and into which at least part of the carriage penetrates.

A drive mechanism 46.1,46.2 is associated with each carriage 34.1, 34.2 and ensures its movement relative to the associated slide 36.1, 36.2 . The drive mechanism 46.1, 46.2 can for example be a mechanism combining an electric motor 48.1, 48.2 and an endless screw 50.1, 50.2, as illustrated in the figures.

As illustrated in the figures, two carriages 34.1, 34.2 each carrying a fixing member 32.1, 32.2 are associated with two slideways 36.1, 36.2 formed in the extension of one another on a common transverse beam 136. The transverse beam 136 constituting the two slides 36.1, 36.2 is fixed in a removable and adjustable manner to the support platform 22, by means of a wedging locking device 52. This device comprises, at each end of the transverse beam 136, an actuator hydraulic 54 pivotally mounted on a flange 56 secured to the transverse beam 136, and allowing to move a locking member 58 consisting of a beveled wedge, to bring it into engagement with a corresponding inclined wall 60 of a locking cavity 62 formed in a part integral with a spar 26 of the support platform 22. The inclined wall 60 has, in the longitudinal direction of the platform, a dimension D greater than e the beveled wedge 58, so that there is a certain freedom of positioning of each end of the transverse beam 136 in the longitudinal direction of the platform with a clearance of up to 50 cm (25 cm on either side of 'a middle position), which makes it possible to translate the transverse beam, or to rotate it around a vertical axis, by an amplitude angle of up to 10° (+/-5° on either side of the median transverse position illustrated in the figures). Longitudinal actuators 64 are provided between support platform 22 and cross beam 136 to effect desired adjustments.

The stowage mechanism consisting of the slides 36.1, 36.2, the carriages 34.1, 34.2 carrying the fixing members 32.1, 32.2, the locking members 58, the associated cavities 62, and the various actuators 40.1, 40.2, 46.1, 46.2, 54 exists in several copies, in this case at least two, distributed over the length of the support platform 22.

The docking of the switch 12 to the platform 22 is carried out according to a sequencing illustrated on the figure 3 , 6 and 7 . On the picture 3 , the track device 12 has been placed on the support platform 22, the sleepers 16 of the track device 12 resting on the longitudinal members 26 of the support platform 22, if necessary with the interposition of pads. Switch 112 has been positioned so that transverse beam 136 is between two crosspieces 16. Fasteners 32.1, 32.2 are retracted to avoid any interference with switch 12 during handling. An operator then controls the electric motors 48.1, 48.2 and the actuators 40.1, 40.2 to adjust the positioning of the carriages 34.1, 34.2 and deploy the fasteners 32.1, 32.2, so as to bring the latter into engagement with the rail pads 14 of switch 12. During this operation, the locking members 58 are not in contact with the inclined walls 60, so that the positioning of the transverse beam 136 can also be adjusted using the actuators 64 depending on the positioning of the switch 22. At the end of this operation, the securing mechanism is in the transitional position illustrated on the figure 6 .

The locking of the transverse beam 136 is carried out after a suitable positioning has been found and after the carriages 34.1, 34.2 have been positioned and the fixing members 32.1, 32.2 brought into engagement with the pads of two rails 14 of the track apparatus. The extension of the actuators 54 causes a movement of the beveled wedges 58 moving them away from each other and bringing them into contact with the corresponding inclined walls 60. The locking force essentially horizontal generated by the actuators 54 causes at the interface between the wedges 58 and the inclined walls 60 forces having a vertical component downwards, so that the transverse beam 136 is biased downwards. These forces are transmitted by the slides 36.1, 36.2 to the carriages 34.1, 34.2 and to the hooks 32.1, 32.2 forming the fastening members, having the effect of increasing the contact pressure between the attachment zone used 42, 44 and the pad of the rail 14. This results in pinching of the track apparatus 12 between the fixing members 32.1, 32.2 and the platform 22. The contact pressure between the beveled wedges 58 and the inclined walls 60 generates static friction forces high, which ensure the locking of the beam 136 to the platform 22 in all directions. The actuators 54 of the locking members 58 are of the self-locking type, so that it is not necessary to supply energy to maintain the locking.

The same procedure is performed for each of the locking mechanisms, in parallel or sequentially.

Once the switch 12 has thus been secured to the support platform 22, it is possible to lift the latter into the position of the picture 2 For transport.

The unloading operations take place in the reverse order of the loading operations.

If necessary, only one of the two fastening members 32.1, 32.2 associated with the transverse beam 136 can be positioned in engagement with one of the rails 14 of the track switch 12, the other fastening member 32.1, 32.2 remaining in the retracted position.

According to a variant embodiment illustrated on the figures 8 and 9 , two carriages 34.1, 34.2 each carrying a fixing member 32.1, 32.2 are associated with two parallel slideways 36.1, 36.2 formed on two parallel transverse beams 136.1, 136.2 fixed to each other by beams 136.3 so as to constitute a rigid sub-assembly. This arrangement allows a greater range of positioning for each carriage 34.1, 34.2 along the path of the associated slide. A drive mechanism 46.1, 46.2 is associated with each carriage 34.1, 34.2 and ensures its movement relative to the associated slide 36.1, 36.2 . the drive mechanism 46.1, 46.2 can for example be a mechanism combining an electric motor 48.1, 48.2 and an endless screw 50.1, 50.2, as illustrated in the figures.

According to another alternative embodiment illustrated in the figures 10 and 11 , two carriages 34.1, 34.2 each carrying a fixing member 32.1, 32.2 are associated with two aligned slides 36.1, 36.2 formed on the same transverse beam 136. In this embodiment, the slides 36.1, 36.2 have substantially different lengths, the travel of the carriage 34.1 being substantially greater than the travel of the carriage 34.2. This arrangement is particularly suitable for switches and crossings 12 whose rail 14 intended to be in engagement with the fixing member 32.2 has a position which varies little, whereas the positioning of the rail 14 intended to be in engagement with the member fixing 32.1 is likely to vary more.

Furthermore, the fasteners 32.1, 32.2 are turned transversely towards each other, that is to say so that the attachment zones 42, 44 face each other. It is understood that when the two fasteners 32.1, 32.2 are engaged, the rail device is laterally locked.

In practice, the same transport wagon can be equipped with securing mechanisms according to one or more of the different embodiments illustrated in the figures, distributed over the length of the platform, in order to adapt locally to the configuration of the track device 12.

Naturally, the examples represented in the figures and discussed above are given only by way of illustration and not limitation. Various variants are possible.

The loading and unloading position of the platform is not necessarily horizontal, but can on the contrary be inclined, naturally less than the transport position.

The displacement of the fixing member relative to the carriage may not be a pivoting, but a translation or the combination of a translation and a rotation, preferably with a single degree of freedom. It is preferably a plane movement, parallel to a vertical plane. It may be in particular a movement obtained by deformation of an articulated quadrilateral, in particular an articulated parallelogram.

The fixing member can be adapted to hook not the slider of the rail 14, but the crosspiece 16 of the track device 12. In this case, it is possible in particular to provide for a rotation of the fixing member 32.1, 32.2 around of a transverse horizontal pivot axis.

Guiding the carriage along the path defined by the slide can be achieved by any appropriate means.

Claims (13)

1. Securing system for a railway apparatus (12), comprising:

   - a support platform (22) capable of being positioned in a loading position, and

   - at least one mechanism for securing the railway apparatus (12) on the support platform (22), which securing mechanism is capable of moving from an unlocked state to a locked state and comprises at least one attachment member (32.1, 32.2) for the railway apparatus;

   - a guide rail (36.1, 36.2);

   - members (58) for locking the guide rail (36.1, 36.2) relative to the support platform (22), which members are arranged so as to move from an unlocking position to a locking position when the securing mechanism moves from the unlocked state to the locked state in the loading position of the support platform (22) by urging the guide rail (36.1, 36.2) downward with respect to the support platform (22);

   characterized in that the attachment member (32.1, 32.2) is secured to a carriage (34.1, 34.2) of the securing mechanism, the carriage (34.1, 34.2) being guided by the guide rail (36.1, 36.2) along a path which, when the support platform (22) is in the loading position, is located in a reference plane, the securing mechanism further comprising:

   - a drive mechanism (46.1, 46.2) of the carriage (34.1, 34.2), which is optionally motor-driven, for moving the carriage (34.1, 34.2) along the guide rail (36.1, 36.2);

   - means for locking the carriage (34.1, 34.2) with respect to the guide rail (36.1, 36.2).
2. Securing system according to claim 1, characterized in that the drive mechanism (46.1, 46.2) of the carriage (34.1, 34.2) is self-locking.
3. Securing system according to either of the preceding claims, characterized in that the drive mechanism (46.1, 46.2) of the carriage (34.1, 34.2) comprises a drive member (48.1, 48.2) and/or control member located on one side of the platform.
4. Securing system according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the locking members (58) are moved from the unlocking state to the locking state by a motor-driven actuator (54), or a motor-driven actuator (54) and an energy accumulator, which are preferably self-locking.
5. Securing system according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the attachment member (32.1, 32.2) can be moved with respect to the carriage (34.1, 34.2) between at least a retracted position and an attachment position, the attachment member (32.1, 32.2) in the retracted position being located, when the support platform (22) is in the loading position, under an attachment plane which is parallel to the reference plane and preferably located above the guide rail (36.1, 36.2) and the carriage (34.1, 34.2), and the attachment member (32.1, 32.2) in the attachment position being located, when the support platform (22) is in the loading position, at least in part above the attachment plane.
6. Securing system according to claim 5, further comprising a motor-driven actuator (40.1, 40.2) or a motor-driven actuator (54) and an energy accumulator, which are preferably self-locking, for moving the attachment member (32.1, 32.2) between the retracted position and the attachment position.
7. Securing system according to either claim 5 or claim 6, characterized in that the attachment member (32.1, 32.2) is rotatable about a pivot pin (38.1, 38.1) between the retracted position and the attachment position.
8. Securing system according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the attachment member (32.1, 32.2) comprises two hooking regions (42, 44) which are located at different heights when the support platform (22) is in the loading position and the attachment member (32.1, 32.2) is in the attachment position.
9. Securing system according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the support platform (22) can be moved between the loading position and an angled transport position, preferably by rotating about at least one horizontal pivot pin (24).
10. Securing system according to claim 9, characterized in that the path of the carriage (34.1, 34.2) extends at least in a direction perpendicular to the pivot pin.
11. Securing system according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the securing mechanism comprises:

    - at least one other guide rail (36.1, 36.2) secured to the guide rail (36.1, 36.2);

    - at least one other carriage (34.1, 34.2) guided by the other guide rail (36.1, 36.2) along a path which, when the support platform (22) is in the loading position, is parallel to the reference plane;

    - means for locking the other carriage (34.1, 34.2) with respect to the other guide rail (36.1, 36.2); and

    - at least one other attachment member (32.1, 32.2) for the railway apparatus (12), secured to the other carriage (34.1, 34.2).
12. Securing system according to claim 11, characterized in that the attachment member (32.1, 32.2) and the other attachment member (32.1, 32.2) have hooking regions (42, 44) for the railway apparatus (12) which are turned toward one another or turned in the same transverse direction, and are each capable of being hooked to a foot of a rail (14) of the railway apparatus (12).
13. Transport vehicle (10) of a railway apparatus (12), in particular a transport car of a railway apparatus (12), characterized in that it comprises a securing system according to any of the preceding claims, which system is mounted on a transport chassis (18) supported by running gears (20).

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