EP3431209B1 - Procédé et installation de fabrication d'un matériau de départ pour la fabrication d'aimants à terres rares - Google Patents
Procédé et installation de fabrication d'un matériau de départ pour la fabrication d'aimants à terres rares Download PDFInfo
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- EP3431209B1 EP3431209B1 EP18182618.1A EP18182618A EP3431209B1 EP 3431209 B1 EP3431209 B1 EP 3431209B1 EP 18182618 A EP18182618 A EP 18182618A EP 3431209 B1 EP3431209 B1 EP 3431209B1
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- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 title claims description 69
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 57
- 150000002910 rare earth metals Chemical class 0.000 title claims description 56
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 54
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 38
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 title 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 103
- 239000013067 intermediate product Substances 0.000 claims description 64
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 26
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 description 29
- 239000011362 coarse particle Substances 0.000 description 27
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 22
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 18
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 15
- 230000005291 magnetic effect Effects 0.000 description 14
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 11
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000006247 magnetic powder Substances 0.000 description 8
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 8
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 7
- 230000005415 magnetization Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 5
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000007792 addition Methods 0.000 description 4
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910001172 neodymium magnet Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 3
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000001878 scanning electron micrograph Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052692 Dysprosium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052771 Terbium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 2
- KBQHZAAAGSGFKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N dysprosium atom Chemical compound [Dy] KBQHZAAAGSGFKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000004992 fission Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011010 flushing procedure Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000001307 helium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052734 helium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N helium atom Chemical compound [He] SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000002269 spontaneous effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- GZCRRIHWUXGPOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N terbium atom Chemical compound [Tb] GZCRRIHWUXGPOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000521 B alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000640 Fe alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052688 Gadolinium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000583 Nd alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052779 Neodymium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052777 Praseodymium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052772 Samarium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000003749 cleanliness Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005347 demagnetization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001627 detrimental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003302 ferromagnetic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- -1 ferrous metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 description 1
- UIWYJDYFSGRHKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N gadolinium atom Chemical compound [Gd] UIWYJDYFSGRHKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000008240 homogeneous mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000001771 impaired effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001092 metal group alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000001000 micrograph Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- QEFYFXOXNSNQGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N neodymium atom Chemical compound [Nd] QEFYFXOXNSNQGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004663 powder metallurgy Methods 0.000 description 1
- PUDIUYLPXJFUGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N praseodymium atom Chemical compound [Pr] PUDIUYLPXJFUGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009257 reactivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- KZUNJOHGWZRPMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N samarium atom Chemical compound [Sm] KZUNJOHGWZRPMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005549 size reduction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004381 surface treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F9/00—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
- B22F9/02—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes
- B22F9/04—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from solid material, e.g. by crushing, grinding or milling
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B07—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS; SORTING
- B07B—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS BY SIEVING, SCREENING, SIFTING OR BY USING GAS CURRENTS; SEPARATING BY OTHER DRY METHODS APPLICABLE TO BULK MATERIAL, e.g. LOOSE ARTICLES FIT TO BE HANDLED LIKE BULK MATERIAL
- B07B13/00—Grading or sorting solid materials by dry methods, not otherwise provided for; Sorting articles otherwise than by indirectly controlled devices
- B07B13/003—Separation of articles by differences in their geometrical form or by difference in their physical properties, e.g. elasticity, compressibility, hardness
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B07—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS; SORTING
- B07B—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS BY SIEVING, SCREENING, SIFTING OR BY USING GAS CURRENTS; SEPARATING BY OTHER DRY METHODS APPLICABLE TO BULK MATERIAL, e.g. LOOSE ARTICLES FIT TO BE HANDLED LIKE BULK MATERIAL
- B07B13/00—Grading or sorting solid materials by dry methods, not otherwise provided for; Sorting articles otherwise than by indirectly controlled devices
- B07B13/04—Grading or sorting solid materials by dry methods, not otherwise provided for; Sorting articles otherwise than by indirectly controlled devices according to size
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F1/00—Metallic powder; Treatment of metallic powder, e.g. to facilitate working or to improve properties
- B22F1/05—Metallic powder characterised by the size or surface area of the particles
- B22F1/052—Metallic powder characterised by the size or surface area of the particles characterised by a mixture of particles of different sizes or by the particle size distribution
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/12—Both compacting and sintering
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/24—After-treatment of workpieces or articles
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/04—Making non-ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy
- C22C1/05—Mixtures of metal powder with non-metallic powder
- C22C1/051—Making hard metals based on borides, carbides, nitrides, oxides or silicides; Preparation of the powder mixture used as the starting material therefor
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/04—Making non-ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy
- C22C1/05—Mixtures of metal powder with non-metallic powder
- C22C1/058—Mixtures of metal powder with non-metallic powder by reaction sintering (i.e. gasless reaction starting from a mixture of solid metal compounds)
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C28/00—Alloys based on a metal not provided for in groups C22C5/00 - C22C27/00
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F1/00—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties
- H01F1/01—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials
- H01F1/03—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity
- H01F1/032—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of hard-magnetic materials
- H01F1/04—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of hard-magnetic materials metals or alloys
- H01F1/047—Alloys characterised by their composition
- H01F1/053—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F1/00—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties
- H01F1/01—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials
- H01F1/03—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity
- H01F1/032—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of hard-magnetic materials
- H01F1/04—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of hard-magnetic materials metals or alloys
- H01F1/047—Alloys characterised by their composition
- H01F1/053—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals
- H01F1/0536—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals sintered
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F1/00—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties
- H01F1/01—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials
- H01F1/03—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity
- H01F1/032—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of hard-magnetic materials
- H01F1/04—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of hard-magnetic materials metals or alloys
- H01F1/047—Alloys characterised by their composition
- H01F1/053—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals
- H01F1/055—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5
- H01F1/057—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5 and IIIa elements, e.g. Nd2Fe14B
- H01F1/0571—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5 and IIIa elements, e.g. Nd2Fe14B in the form of particles, e.g. rapid quenched powders or ribbon flakes
- H01F1/0575—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5 and IIIa elements, e.g. Nd2Fe14B in the form of particles, e.g. rapid quenched powders or ribbon flakes pressed, sintered or bonded together
- H01F1/0577—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5 and IIIa elements, e.g. Nd2Fe14B in the form of particles, e.g. rapid quenched powders or ribbon flakes pressed, sintered or bonded together sintered
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F41/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties
- H01F41/02—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties for manufacturing cores, coils, or magnets
- H01F41/0206—Manufacturing of magnetic cores by mechanical means
- H01F41/0246—Manufacturing of magnetic circuits by moulding or by pressing powder
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F41/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties
- H01F41/02—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties for manufacturing cores, coils, or magnets
- H01F41/0253—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties for manufacturing cores, coils, or magnets for manufacturing permanent magnets
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F41/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties
- H01F41/02—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties for manufacturing cores, coils, or magnets
- H01F41/0253—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties for manufacturing cores, coils, or magnets for manufacturing permanent magnets
- H01F41/0266—Moulding; Pressing
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
- B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
- B02C15/00—Disintegrating by milling members in the form of rollers or balls co-operating with rings or discs
- B02C2015/002—Disintegrating by milling members in the form of rollers or balls co-operating with rings or discs combined with a classifier
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B04—CENTRIFUGAL APPARATUS OR MACHINES FOR CARRYING-OUT PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES
- B04C—APPARATUS USING FREE VORTEX FLOW, e.g. CYCLONES
- B04C5/00—Apparatus in which the axial direction of the vortex is reversed
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F9/00—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
- B22F9/02—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes
- B22F9/04—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from solid material, e.g. by crushing, grinding or milling
- B22F2009/041—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from solid material, e.g. by crushing, grinding or milling by mechanical alloying, e.g. blending, milling
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F9/00—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
- B22F9/02—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes
- B22F9/04—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from solid material, e.g. by crushing, grinding or milling
- B22F2009/044—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from solid material, e.g. by crushing, grinding or milling by jet milling
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F2999/00—Aspects linked to processes or compositions used in powder metallurgy
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C2202/00—Physical properties
- C22C2202/02—Magnetic
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C33/00—Making ferrous alloys
- C22C33/02—Making ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy
- C22C33/025—Making ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy having an intermetallic of the REM-Fe type which is not magnetic
Definitions
- a permanent magnet (also: permanent magnet) is a piece of a magnetizable material, for example iron, cobalt or nickel, which maintains its static magnetic field without the need for an electrical current flow (unlike electromagnets).
- a permanent magnet can be created by applying a magnetic field to a ferromagnetic material.
- rare earth magnets refers to a group of permanent magnets that essentially consist of ferrous metals (iron, cobalt, more rarely nickel) and rare earth metals (especially neodymium, samarium, praseodymium, dysprosium, terbium, gadolinium). They are characterized by the fact that they simultaneously have a high magnetic remanent flux density and a high magnetic coercive field strength and thus a high magnetic energy density.
- NiFeB neodymium, iron and boron
- Permanent magnets are made from crystalline powder.
- the magnetic powder is pressed into a mold in the presence of a strong magnetic field.
- the crystals align themselves with their preferred magnetization axis in the direction of the magnetic field.
- the compacts are then sintered. During sintering, the pulverized components of the powder are bonded together or compacted by heating, but none or at least not all of the starting materials are melted.
- the compacts are heated - often under increased pressure - in such a way that the temperatures remain below the melting temperature of the main components, so that the shape (shape) of the workpiece is retained.
- the magnetic powder is produced in particular by grinding the corresponding alloys or components, for example in fluid bed jet mills or similar grinding systems.
- fluid bed jet mills in particular, defined fine grinding takes place, with an exact upper grain limit, but with a not insignificant proportion of fine particles.
- the comminution energy is provided by gas jets.
- a method for producing a permanent magnet from an alloy is described in EP 0 414 376 A2 described, whereby the alloy is coarsely and finely pulverized. From the finely pulverized powder, the finest particles and coarse particles are sorted out using a “particle-size classifier machine”. The powder of the defined size is then pressed into a molding and sintered.
- EP 2 273 513 A1 describes a method for producing an RTB sintered magnet.
- a metal alloy is first provided as the starting material, which is initially coarse and then Is finely pulverized. After obtaining the desired particle size, the further process steps “compression”, “sintering” and “heat treatment”, “surface treatment” and “magnetization” etc. take place.
- the document US 2002/0129874 describes a process for producing a rare earth magnet.
- an alloy is first pulverized coarsely and finely, with a classifying rotor being assigned to the pulverizer in order to separate particles of a predetermined size.
- the particles with a predetermined size are then fed to a cyclone classifier, whereby the finest particles are separated.
- the WO published publication 2007/045320 A1 also describes a process for producing a rare earth magnet.
- an alloy provided is first coarsely pulverized and then finely pulverized. To obtain the desired particle size, the finely pulverized powder is sieved.
- magnets made from the magnetic powders already known from the prior art have an opposing field stability or coercive field strength that requires improvement due to a high volume percentage of coarse content.
- the object of the invention is to further optimize the production of the starting mixture for the production of rare earth magnets in order to be able to produce improved rare earth magnets.
- the invention relates to a method for producing a powdery starting material intended for the production of rare earth magnets.
- a further step provides for carrying out at least one particle size-oriented classification for the powdery intermediate product, with a fraction of the powdery intermediate product formed by means of the at least one classification forming the starting material intended for the production of rare earth magnets.
- the powdery intermediate product is initially fed to at least a first static classifier.
- a portion separated from the powdery intermediate product by means of the at least one static classifier can be fed to the at least one dynamic classifier, which at least one dynamic classifier carries out at least one particle size-oriented classification for the portion separated from the powdery intermediate product by means of the at least one static classifier and thereby separates the fraction from the portion that forms the starting material intended for the production of rare earth magnets.
- particles are formed in a target size range between 1 ⁇ m and 10 ⁇ m.
- At least two temporally successive classifications are implemented via the at least one dynamic classifier.
- coarse material is separated from the powdery intermediate product by the at least one dynamic classifier as part of a first classification based on the particle size. Furthermore, as part of a second classification based on the particle size, fine material is separated from the powdery intermediate product by the at least one dynamic classifier. A portion of the powdery intermediate product separated from the fine and coarse material is then provided as a fraction, which forms the starting material intended for the production of rare earth magnets.
- a starting material is produced in which a proportion of particles > 8 ⁇ m is ⁇ 2 percent by volume and in which a proportion of particles ⁇ 2 ⁇ m is ⁇ 2 percent by volume.
- a proportion of particles >8 ⁇ m is in a range between 0.1 percent by volume and a proportion of particles ⁇ 2 ⁇ m is in a range between 0.05 percent by volume and 2 percent by volume.
- the dynamic classifier comprises a classifying rotor and the static classifier is designed by a cyclone classifier.
- the at least one dynamic classifier sifts the powdery intermediate product and also disperses it, from which the fraction is separated from the powdery intermediate product, which forms the starting material intended for the production of rare earth magnets.
- Embodiments have proven useful in which the first classification based on particle size and/or density and the second classification based on particle size and/or density are carried out via exactly one dynamic classifier.
- the alloy comprising at least one rare earth metal can preferably be comminuted mechanically in two separate steps, with the powdery intermediate product being formed from the comminutements in separate steps.
- the at least one dynamic classifier implements the at least one classification based on particle size and/or density for the powdery intermediate product under a protective gas atmosphere.
- a proportion of particles > 8 ⁇ m is ⁇ 2 percent by volume, in particular in a range between 0.1 percent by volume and 1 percent by volume and / or a proportion of particles ⁇ 2 ⁇ m is ⁇ 2 percent by volume and in particular in a range between 0. 05 percent by volume and 2 percent by volume.
- the invention also relates to a system for producing a powdery starting material intended for the production of rare earth magnets.
- a system for producing a powdery starting material intended for the production of rare earth magnets can also be provided in the system described below and are therefore not mentioned redundantly.
- Features described below, which relate to various embodiments of the system according to the invention, can also be provided in the methods already described above.
- the system for producing a powdery starting material intended for the production of rare earth magnets comprises at least one comminution device, which is aimed at producing a powdery intermediate product by comminuting an alloy comprising at least one rare earth metal.
- the system further comprises at least one separating device, which can separate a fraction from the powdery intermediate product via at least one particle size-oriented classification or sifting, which forms the starting material intended for the production of rare earth magnets.
- the at least one separating device comprises at least one static classifier in the form of a cyclone classifier, to which the powdery intermediate product can be fed.
- the system includes at least one dynamic classifier with a classifying rotor, which can separate the fraction from the powdery intermediate product, which forms the starting material intended for the production of rare earth magnets, via a classification based on particle size.
- the at least one static classifier and the at least one dynamic classifier are connected to one another in such a way that a portion separated from the supplied intermediate product by means of the at least one static classifier can be fed to the at least one dynamic classifier.
- the at least one dynamic safe can then, if necessary, separate the fraction from the supplied portion that forms the starting material intended for the production of rare earth magnets.
- the system produces a starting material in which a proportion of particles > 8 ⁇ m is ⁇ 2 percent by volume and in which a starting material ⁇ 2 ⁇ m is ⁇ 2 percent by volume.
- a proportion of particles >8 ⁇ m is in a range between 0.1 percent by volume and 1 percent by volume and a proportion of particles ⁇ 2 ⁇ m is in a range between 0.05 percent by volume and 2 percent by volume.
- the dynamic classifier is connected to a control and/or regulating unit, in which control and/or regulating unit an algorithm is stored, via which the control and/or regulating unit sets a speed of the as part of the classifying rotor, which is designed at least one dynamic classifier, independently regulates or controls.
- the at least one dynamic classifier is designed to classify and disperse the supplied powdery intermediate product.
- the at least one comminution device comprises two successive comminution machines, each of which is designed for preferably mechanical comminution of the alloy comprising at least one rare earth metal and interacts with one another to produce the powdery intermediate product from the alloy comprising at least one rare earth metal.
- Embodiments in which the at least one dynamic filter can implement the classification based on particle size and/or density under a protective gas atmosphere have also proven successful.
- the starting material which can be produced within the framework of the previously described methods or by means of the previously described system, can essentially comprise particles of a target size range and hardly have any contamination with particles that are smaller than particles of a target size range. These are also referred to below as fine particles. Furthermore, the starting material produced within the framework of the previously described methods or by means of the previously described system can essentially hardly contain any contamination with particles that are larger than the particles of the target size range. These are also referred to below as coarse particles.
- a starting material which essentially only comprises particles with a size within the target size range in a substantially homogeneous mixture.
- the starting material which can be produced with the previously described methods or by means of the previously described system, embodiments have proven successful in which the starting material has particles in the target size range between 1 ⁇ m and 10 ⁇ m, in particular in a target size range between 2 ⁇ m and 8 ⁇ m.
- the starting material has particles in the target size range between 1 ⁇ m and 10 ⁇ m, in particular in a target size range between 2 ⁇ m and 8 ⁇ m.
- a starting material produced in the context of the preceding processes or by means of the system described above contains ⁇ 2 percent by volume of fine particles, in particular ⁇ 1 percent by volume. Furthermore, it is envisaged that within the framework of the previous procedures or Starting material produced using the system described above comprises ⁇ 2 percent by volume of coarse particles, in particular ⁇ 1 percent by volume.
- the starting material produced within the framework of the previously described processes or by means of the previously described system essentially or predominantly contains particles in the target size range between 2 ⁇ m and 8 ⁇ m, with a proportion of particles whose size is above 8 ⁇ m being ⁇ 2 percent by volume, in particular in a range between 0.1 percent by volume and 1 percent by volume and where a proportion of particles whose size is below 2 ⁇ m is ⁇ 2 percent by volume, in particular in a range between 0.05 percent by volume and 2 percent by volume.
- At least one static classifier which is provided in various embodiments of a method according to the invention or a system according to the invention, is formed by at least one cyclone classifier.
- the at least one cyclone classifier can possibly achieve a reduction in the proportion of fine particles.
- a powdery mixture separated via the at least one static classifier or the at least one cyclone classifier, which is also referred to below as a powdery intermediate product generally still contains up to 10 percent by volume of fine particles and/or up to 10 even after the fine particles have been separated Volume percent of coarse particles.
- the fine particles which are necessarily always present in such a powdery intermediate product, have a detrimental effect on the properties of the rare earth magnets made from them in several respects.
- the ground powder intermediate product which has possibly already been partially freed of fine particles via the at least one static classifier, is subjected to at least one further classifier process, implemented by at least one dynamic classifier.
- at least one further classifier process implemented by at least one dynamic classifier.
- the powdery intermediate product is first dispersed and then a classification according to particle size is carried out for the dispersed powdery intermediate product.
- This dispersion and classification according to particle size can be carried out in exactly one dynamic classifier. Fine particles and coarse particles can then be separated from the powdery intermediate product using the at least one dynamic classifier or exactly one dynamic classifier.
- the dispersion of the intermediate product and the renewed separation of fine particles and coarse particles are carried out within a single device, in particular within a single dynamic classifier. Due to the high chemical reactivity of fine particles that may be present in high concentrations in the powdery intermediate product, the only dynamic classifier can implement dispersion and/or classifying, if necessary under a protective gas atmosphere. Helium, argon, nitrogen, etc. are used as protective gases.
- the at least one rare earth metal formed as a component of the alloy can be formed, for example, by iron and/or boron.
- the alloy comprising at least one rare earth metal can be an NdFeB alloy.
- a starting material can be produced from this alloy comprising at least one rare earth metal, which essentially only comprises particles in the target size range between 2 ⁇ m to 8 ⁇ m.
- the starting mixture preferably comprises ⁇ 95 percent by volume, in particular ⁇ 98 percent by volume, of particles in the target size range, which target size range is set from 2 ⁇ m to 8 ⁇ m.
- the system already described includes a device for the coarse comminution of an alloy comprising at least one rare earth metal.
- the coarse powder fraction formed from the alloy comprising at least one rare earth metal is in a fine comminution device designed as part of the system is ground into a fine powder fraction, the fine powder fraction forming the powdery intermediate product.
- the device for fine comminution can be designed as a fluid bed jet mill.
- Figure 1 shows schematically process steps for producing a starting material AM for the production of rare earth magnets.
- R rare earth metal
- Fe iron
- B boron in the desired proportions.
- an NdFeB alloy is used to produce a so-called neodymium magnet.
- an alloy must first be produced from the elements in the desired proportions.
- this alloy is subjected to coarse grinding. For example, in a mechanical grinding system or through embrittlement with hydrogen. In particular, particles with a size of up to a few mm are generated.
- the coarse particles gP are chemically stable and can also be easily oriented in magnetic fields, but they have negative effects on the opposing field stability of the magnet because these coarse particles gP remagnetize even in small magnetic opposing fields and thus worsen the opposing field stability (or the coercive field strength) of the entire magnet. For this reason it is advantageous to reduce the proportion of coarse particles To further reduce gP in the starting mixture for the production of sintered permanent magnets.
- the particles fP of the fine fraction are chemically very reactive due to their fineness and react with the oxygen or even with the nitrogen from the environment even at the lowest oxygen concentrations. These fine particles fP can cause spontaneous powder fires during further processing of the powder.
- Another disadvantage of the finest particles fP is that these fine powder particles are very difficult to orient in the magnetic fields and pressing devices that are usually available (of the order of magnitude of approximately 10 - 20 kOe) and therefore worsen the remanence of the magnets made from them. For this reason, in a fourth or additional process step, fine particles, in particular particles with a diameter of ⁇ 1-2 ⁇ m, are removed from the fine powder fraction fPF.
- the mixture is passed through a cyclone that carries the fines through a suitable gas stream and thereby separates it from the mixture.
- This forms the intermediate product ZP.
- this still contains a not insignificant proportion of up to 10% of fine particles smaller than approx. 1 ⁇ m to 2 ⁇ m.
- the intermediate product ZP is subjected to at least one further sifting process in order to remove unwanted fine particles fP and coarse particles gP and thus ensure the homogeneity of the To further improve particles in the target size ZG, in particular in order to obtain a powder mixture as the starting material AM, which essentially only comprises particles with particle sizes in a target range between approximately 2 ⁇ m to 8 ⁇ m, since these particles represent the best powder fraction in magnetic terms. All further steps, which in terms of time follow the step according to number 4, are carried out with the help of a dynamic classifier 10 (cf. Figures 2 and 3 ) or a high-performance classifier.
- the particles with the target size ZG between 2 ⁇ m to 8 ⁇ m are chemically sufficiently stable so that they do not cause any additional oxidation in the normal manufacturing process. They also work well with the usual magnetic fields orientate. They therefore contribute significantly to achieving a high remanence of the magnets produced and are therefore desirable, necessary and useful.
- the powdery intermediate product ZP is dispersed in order to produce the most homogeneous distribution of the different particles of the intermediate product ZP.
- molecular and magnetic attractive forces between the particles are overcome and subsequent sifting and separation of fine particles and/or coarse particles following dispersion is possible.
- a dynamic classifier 10 is also used for this process step (cf. Figures 2 and 3 ) or high-performance classifiers are used.
- the dispersed powdery intermediate product ZP is sifted again and particles of the fine fraction and/or particles of the coarse fraction are removed. This creates an optimized separation of the finest and coarse particles to achieve the desired target particle size ZG.
- the fine proportion of particles whose size is less than 1 ⁇ m is reduced to a proportion of less than 1%.
- the coarse proportion of particles whose size is over 10 ⁇ m can also be reduced to a proportion of less than 1%.
- This at least one additional classifying process is preferably carried out under a protective gas atmosphere, for example helium, argon, or nitrogen, although this is not intended to represent an exhaustive list of possibilities.
- a protective gas atmosphere for example helium, argon, or nitrogen, although this is not intended to represent an exhaustive list of possibilities.
- the protective gas atmosphere particularly prevents spontaneous powder fires due to the fine particles fP.
- the fifth and sixth process step or the last two process steps ie the dispersion and the separation of fine particles fP and/or the separation of coarse particles gP, can be carried out in a dynamic classifier 10 according to Figures 2 and 3 done together.
- the powdery intermediate product is added via product addition 1 ZP is fed to the classifier device or the dynamic classifier 10 from above.
- the necessary process air VL is supplied through the classifier air inlet 2, which takes the powdery intermediate product ZP supplied via the product addition 1 and leads it through a large number of adjustable guide vane gaps of the static guide vane basket 3, whereby the intermediate product ZP is dispersed.
- a protective gas is used as the process air VL.
- the intermediate product ZP dispersed in this way is passed through a classifier wheel 4 whose speed can be continuously adjusted, with the particle sizes being separated either into target and coarse material or into target and fine material.
- the optimized classifier wheel design ensures that very high fineness levels can be achieved with just one classifier wheel 4, even at high throughputs.
- the finest particles fP leave the classifier device 10 via the classifier wheel 4, which is installed with a horizontal shaft 8, in the center of the classifier device or the dynamic classifier 10.
- the coarse particles gP are rejected by the classifier wheel 4 and through the helically designed machine housing 9, which is provided with a partition 5, at the back discharged via the coarse material outlet 6 on the underside of the machine housing 9.
- the position of the coarse material flap 7 can be used to regulate the discharge of the coarse particles gP in difficult separation tasks, and thus the cleanliness of the coarse particles gP can be influenced.
- the particles of the target size ZP leave the dynamic classifier 10 together with the coarse material via the coarse material outlet 6.
- the fine particles fP were separated from the particles of the target size ZP and therefore do not form part of the fraction that leaves the dynamic classifier 10 via the coarse material outlet 6.
- the desired target particle size ZG is regulated in particular by regulating the gas flow of the process air VL and/or the speed of the classifier wheel 4. A higher gas flow and/or a lower speed lead to a coarser product, while a lower gas flow and/or a higher one speed lead to a finer product.
- Figure 4 shows the particle size distribution in the intermediate product ZP and in the starting material AM.
- the diagram plots the particle size in ⁇ m against the proportion of the volume density of the respective mixture in %. It is clearly visible here that through the additional process step of dispersing the intermediate product ZP and sifting with subsequent separation of the finest particles fP ⁇ 1 ⁇ m and/or coarse particles gP ⁇ 10 via a dynamic sifter 10, a more homogeneous particle mixture in the starting material AM can be achieved, in which the proportion of fine particles fP is ⁇ 1% of the volume density and in which the proportion of coarse particles gP is also ⁇ 1% of the volume density. In particular, the hatched portions of fine particles fP and coarse particles gP are removed from the powdery intermediate product ZP.
- the starting material AM produced in this way is particularly suitable for the production of sintered rare earth magnets due to the particle size between 1 ⁇ m and 10 ⁇ m, in particular between 2 ⁇ m and 8 ⁇ m, since particularly good magnets can be achieved with these particle sizes of the starting material AM.
- this starting material AM for the production of permanent magnets high (improved) remanence values BR and good (improved) opposing field stability HcJ as well as a significant improvement in the squareness of the demagnetization curve are achieved.
- Figure 5 shows a scanning electron microscope image of the powdery intermediate product ZP and Figure 6 shows a scanning electron micrograph of the starting material AM, as it is produced in various embodiments of the method according to the invention and can be used for the production of rare earth magnets.
- the intermediate product ZP represents a highly inhomogeneous mixture of different particle sizes and in particular also contains a high proportion of fine particles fP Figure 6
- the double-screened starting material AM mainly only contains particles of a target size ZG between 1 ⁇ m and 10 ⁇ m, in particular between 2 ⁇ m and 8 ⁇ m.
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Claims (8)
- Procédé de fabrication d'un matériau de départ (AM) pulvérulent et prévu pour la fabrication d'aimants de terres rares, comprenant les étapes suivantes consistant à:- broyer un alliage contenant au moins un métal de terre rare, dans lequel le broyage comprend un broyage grossier et un broyage fin, dans lequel un produit intermédiaire (ZP) pulvérulent est formé à partir dudit un alliage contenant au moins un métal de terre rare et- effectuer au moins un classement pour le produit intermédiaire pulvérulent (ZP), basé sur la taille de particules, dans lequel une fraction du produit intermédiaire pulvérulent (ZP) qui est formée au moyen dudit au moins un classement forme le matériau de départ (AM) prévu pour la fabrication d'aimants de terres rares,
caractérisé par le fait que- le produit intermédiaire pulvérulent (ZP) est amené d'abord à au moins un premier séparateur statique, et dans lequel, ensuite, une partie séparée du produit intermédiaire pulvérulent (ZP) au moyen dudit au moins un premier séparateur statique est amenée à au moins un séparateur dynamique (10), lequel au moins un séparateur dynamique (10) met en oeuvre au moins un classement basé sur la taille de particules pour la partie séparée du produit intermédiaire pulvérulent (ZP) au moyen dudit au moins un séparateur statique et, ce faisant, sépare la fraction de la partie, qui forme le matériau de départ (AM) ayant des particules dans une gamme de taille cible comprise entre 1 µm et 10 µm et prévu pour la fabrication d'aimants de terres rares,- dans lequel procédé au moins deux classements consécutifs, chacun basé sur la taille de particules, sont mis en oeuvre par ledit au moins un séparateur dynamique (10), dans lequel- dans le cadre d'un premier classement basé sur la taille de particules, ledit au moins un séparateur dynamique (10) sépare du matériau grossier (gP) du produit intermédiaire pulvérulent (ZP), et dans lequel- dans le cadre d'un deuxième classement basé sur la taille de particules, ledit au moins un séparateur dynamique (10) sépare du matériau fin (fP) du produit intermédiaire pulvérulent (ZP),- ce après quoi une partie du produit intermédiaire pulvérulent qui est séparée du matériau fin et du matériau grossier fournit la fraction qui forme le matériau de départ (AM) prévu pour la fabrication d'aimants de terres rares,- dans lequel matériau de départ (AM) une partie de particules > 8 µm est ≤ 2 % en volume, en particulier se situe dans une plage comprise entre 0,1 % en volume et 1 % en volume,- et dans lequel une partie de particules < 2 µm est ≤ 2 % en volume, en particulier se situe dans une plage comprise entre 0,05 % en volume et 2 % en volume,- dans lequel ledit au moins un séparateur dynamique (10) comprend un rotor classificateur et ledit au moins un séparateur statique est formé par un hydrocyclone classificateur. - Procédé selon la revendication 1, dans lequel ledit au moins un séparateur dynamique (10) classe le produit intermédiaire pulvérulent (ZP) et le disperse également, d'où résulte que la fraction est séparée du produit intermédiaire pulvérulent, qui forme le matériau de départ (AM) prévu pour la fabrication d'aimants de terres rares.
- Procédé selon la revendication 1 ou 2, dans lequel le premier classement basé sur la taille de particules et le deuxième classement basé sur la taille de particules sont réalisés par exactement un séparateur dynamique (10).
- Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 3, dans lequel ledit au moins un séparateur dynamique (10) met en oeuvre sous atmosphère de gaz protecteur ledit au moins un classement du produit intermédiaire pulvérulent (ZP) basé sur la taille de particules.
- Procédé de fabrication d'aimants de terres rares, comprenant les étapes suivantes consistant à:- fabriquer un matériau de départ (AM) au moyen d'un procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 4,- introduire le matériau de départ (AM) dans des moules et presser le matériau de départ (AM) dans les moules, dans lequel des ébauches sont réalisées à partir du matériau de départ (AM),- fritter les ébauches et soumettre les ébauches frittées à une impulsion d'aimantation de sorte qu'il en résulte que les ébauches frittées et soumises à une impulsion d'aimantation sont réalisées en tant qu'aimants de terres rares.
- Installation de fabrication d'un matériau de départ (AM) pulvérulent et prévu pour la fabrication d'aimants de terres rares, comprenant- au moins un dispositif de broyage qui est prévu pour produire un produit intermédiaire pulvérulent (ZP) par broyage d'un alliage comprenant au moins un métal de terre rare, dans lequel le broyage comprend un broyage grossier et un broyage fin, et- au moins un dispositif de séparation qui est apte à séparer une fraction du produit intermédiaire pulvérulent (ZP) par au moins un classement basé sur la taille de particules, laquelle fraction forme le matériau de départ (AM) prévu pour la fabrication d'aimants de terres rares,
caractérisée par le fait que- ledit au moins un dispositif de séparation comprend au moins un séparateur statique sous la forme d'un hydrocyclone classificateur, auquel le produit intermédiaire pulvérulent (ZP) peut être amené, et- que ledit au moins un dispositif de séparation comprend au moins un séparateur dynamique (10) avec un rotor classificateur qui peut séparer, par un classement basé sur la taille de particules, la fraction du produit intermédiaire pulvérulent (ZP) laquelle forme le matériau de départ (AM) prévu pour la fabrication d'aimants de terres rares,- et dans laquelle ledit au moins un séparateur statique et ledit au moins un séparateur dynamique (10) sont en communication l'un avec l'autre de telle manière qu'une partie séparée du produit intermédiaire amené (ZP) au moyen dudit au moins un séparateur statique peut être amené audit au moins un séparateur dynamique (10), et- dans laquelle ledit au moins un séparateur statique et ledit séparateur dynamique (10) sont conçus pour produire un matériau de départ (AM), dans lequel matériau de départ (AM) une partie de particules > 8 µm est ≤ 2 % en volume, en particulier se situe dans une plage comprise entre 0,1 % en volume et 1 % en volume,- et dans lequel matériau de départ (AM) une partie de particules < 2 µm est ≤ 2 % en volume, en particulier se situe dans une plage comprise entre 0,05 % en volume et 2 % en volume, le séparateur dynamique (10) étant en communication avec une unité de commande et/ou de réglage, dans laquelle unité de commande et/ou de réglage est stocké un algorithme par l'intermédiaire duquel l'unité de commande et/ou de réglage règle ou bien commande automatiquement une vitesse de rotation du rotor classificateur conçu en tant que composant dudit au moins un séparateur dynamique, en prenant en compte la répartition de taille de particules respective souhaitée pour le matériau de départ à fabriquer. - Installation selon la revendication 6, dans laquelle ledit au moins un séparateur dynamique (10) est conçu pour classer et disperser le produit intermédiaire pulvérulent (ZP) amené.
- Installation selon l'une quelconque des revendications 6 ou 7, dans laquelle ledit au moins un séparateur dynamique (10) peut mettre en oeuvre sous atmosphère de gaz protecteur le classement basé sur une taille de particules.
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SI201831039T SI3431209T1 (sl) | 2017-07-19 | 2018-07-10 | Postopek in naprava za proizvodnjo začetnega materiala za proizvodnjo magnetov redkih zemelj |
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EP23190243.8A Division-Into EP4268995A1 (fr) | 2017-07-19 | 2018-07-10 | Procédé et installation de fabrication d'un matériau de départ pour la fabrication d'aimants à terres rares |
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UA28403A (uk) * | 1996-12-26 | 2000-10-16 | Олег Доміанович Нейков | Спосіб одержання порошків, гранул і брикетів хімічно активних металів і сплавів та технологічна лінія для його здійснення |
RU2111088C1 (ru) * | 1997-01-31 | 1998-05-20 | Государственный научный центр РФ Всероссийский научно-исследовательский институт неорганических материалов им.акад.А.А.Бочвара | Способ получения быстрозакаленных порошков магнитных сплавов системы неодим - железо - бор |
US5976224A (en) * | 1998-05-04 | 1999-11-02 | Durant; James F. | Separating carbon from ash |
JP4230050B2 (ja) * | 1999-05-11 | 2009-02-25 | 日本ニューマチック工業株式会社 | ジェット粉砕装置及びジェット粉砕方法 |
US6676773B2 (en) * | 2000-11-08 | 2004-01-13 | Sumitomo Special Metals Co., Ltd. | Rare earth magnet and method for producing the magnet |
US20070089806A1 (en) * | 2005-10-21 | 2007-04-26 | Rolf Blank | Powders for rare earth magnets, rare earth magnets and methods for manufacturing the same |
RU2317149C1 (ru) * | 2006-05-10 | 2008-02-20 | Валентин Николаевич Аполицкий | Способ мокрой инерционно-динамической классификации порошкового материала |
JP5477282B2 (ja) * | 2008-03-31 | 2014-04-23 | 日立金属株式会社 | R−t−b系焼結磁石およびその製造方法 |
DE102008038776B4 (de) * | 2008-08-12 | 2016-07-07 | Loesche Gmbh | Verfahren zur Sichtung eines Mahlgut-Fluid-Gemisches und Mühlensichter |
EP2599555A4 (fr) * | 2010-07-30 | 2017-06-07 | Hosokawa Micron Corporation | Broyeur à jet |
CN104550023A (zh) * | 2014-11-26 | 2015-04-29 | 宁波宏垒磁业有限公司 | 一种气流磨分选轮及用该气流磨分选轮制粉的烧结钕铁硼磁体的方法 |
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2017
- 2017-07-19 DE DE102017116272.0A patent/DE102017116272A1/de active Pending
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2018
- 2018-07-06 CN CN201810735630.1A patent/CN109277577A/zh active Pending
- 2018-07-10 SI SI201831039T patent/SI3431209T1/sl unknown
- 2018-07-10 EP EP18182618.1A patent/EP3431209B1/fr active Active
- 2018-07-10 PL PL18182618.1T patent/PL3431209T3/pl unknown
- 2018-07-10 ES ES18182618T patent/ES2966804T3/es active Active
- 2018-07-10 FI FIEP18182618.1T patent/FI3431209T3/fi active
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- 2018-07-10 LT LTEP18182618.1T patent/LT3431209T/lt unknown
- 2018-07-12 RU RU2018125682A patent/RU2706258C1/ru active
- 2018-07-13 US US16/035,154 patent/US11660639B2/en active Active
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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US20190027284A1 (en) | 2019-01-24 |
LT3431209T (lt) | 2024-01-10 |
EP3431209A1 (fr) | 2019-01-23 |
EP4268995A1 (fr) | 2023-11-01 |
DK3431209T3 (da) | 2024-01-02 |
FI3431209T3 (fi) | 2023-12-21 |
CN109277577A (zh) | 2019-01-29 |
US11660639B2 (en) | 2023-05-30 |
PL3431209T3 (pl) | 2024-03-04 |
RU2706258C1 (ru) | 2019-11-15 |
SI3431209T1 (sl) | 2024-02-29 |
DE102017116272A1 (de) | 2019-01-24 |
US20230271224A1 (en) | 2023-08-31 |
ES2966804T3 (es) | 2024-04-24 |
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