EP3365534B1 - Procédé de préchauffage d'eau d'alimentation d'une chaudière à vapeur d'une centrale électrique et centrale à vapeur pour la mise en oeuvre du procédé - Google Patents

Procédé de préchauffage d'eau d'alimentation d'une chaudière à vapeur d'une centrale électrique et centrale à vapeur pour la mise en oeuvre du procédé Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3365534B1
EP3365534B1 EP16785471.0A EP16785471A EP3365534B1 EP 3365534 B1 EP3365534 B1 EP 3365534B1 EP 16785471 A EP16785471 A EP 16785471A EP 3365534 B1 EP3365534 B1 EP 3365534B1
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EP
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Prior art keywords
steam
water
live
intermediate superheater
generator
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EP16785471.0A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP3365534A1 (fr
Inventor
Datcho Datchev
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Mitsubishi Power Europe GmbH
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Mitsubishi Hitachi Power Systems Europe GmbH
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Priority to PL16785471T priority Critical patent/PL3365534T3/pl
Publication of EP3365534A1 publication Critical patent/EP3365534A1/fr
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K7/00—Steam engine plants characterised by the use of specific types of engine; Plants or engines characterised by their use of special steam systems, cycles or processes; Control means specially adapted for such systems, cycles or processes; Use of withdrawn or exhaust steam for feed-water heating
    • F01K7/06—Steam engine plants characterised by the use of specific types of engine; Plants or engines characterised by their use of special steam systems, cycles or processes; Control means specially adapted for such systems, cycles or processes; Use of withdrawn or exhaust steam for feed-water heating the engines being of multiple-inlet-pressure type
    • F01K7/08—Control means specially adapted therefor
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K7/00—Steam engine plants characterised by the use of specific types of engine; Plants or engines characterised by their use of special steam systems, cycles or processes; Control means specially adapted for such systems, cycles or processes; Use of withdrawn or exhaust steam for feed-water heating
    • F01K7/16—Steam engine plants characterised by the use of specific types of engine; Plants or engines characterised by their use of special steam systems, cycles or processes; Control means specially adapted for such systems, cycles or processes; Use of withdrawn or exhaust steam for feed-water heating the engines being only of turbine type
    • F01K7/22—Steam engine plants characterised by the use of specific types of engine; Plants or engines characterised by their use of special steam systems, cycles or processes; Control means specially adapted for such systems, cycles or processes; Use of withdrawn or exhaust steam for feed-water heating the engines being only of turbine type the turbines having inter-stage steam heating
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K7/00—Steam engine plants characterised by the use of specific types of engine; Plants or engines characterised by their use of special steam systems, cycles or processes; Control means specially adapted for such systems, cycles or processes; Use of withdrawn or exhaust steam for feed-water heating
    • F01K7/34—Steam engine plants characterised by the use of specific types of engine; Plants or engines characterised by their use of special steam systems, cycles or processes; Control means specially adapted for such systems, cycles or processes; Use of withdrawn or exhaust steam for feed-water heating the engines being of extraction or non-condensing type; Use of steam for feed-water heating
    • F01K7/38—Steam engine plants characterised by the use of specific types of engine; Plants or engines characterised by their use of special steam systems, cycles or processes; Control means specially adapted for such systems, cycles or processes; Use of withdrawn or exhaust steam for feed-water heating the engines being of extraction or non-condensing type; Use of steam for feed-water heating the engines being of turbine type
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K7/00—Steam engine plants characterised by the use of specific types of engine; Plants or engines characterised by their use of special steam systems, cycles or processes; Control means specially adapted for such systems, cycles or processes; Use of withdrawn or exhaust steam for feed-water heating
    • F01K7/34—Steam engine plants characterised by the use of specific types of engine; Plants or engines characterised by their use of special steam systems, cycles or processes; Control means specially adapted for such systems, cycles or processes; Use of withdrawn or exhaust steam for feed-water heating the engines being of extraction or non-condensing type; Use of steam for feed-water heating
    • F01K7/44—Use of steam for feed-water heating and another purpose
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22—STEAM GENERATION
    • F22D—PREHEATING, OR ACCUMULATING PREHEATED, FEED-WATER FOR STEAM GENERATION; FEED-WATER SUPPLY FOR STEAM GENERATION; CONTROLLING WATER LEVEL FOR STEAM GENERATION; AUXILIARY DEVICES FOR PROMOTING WATER CIRCULATION WITHIN STEAM BOILERS
    • F22D1/00—Feed-water heaters, i.e. economisers or like preheaters
    • F22D1/28—Feed-water heaters, i.e. economisers or like preheaters for direct heat transfer, e.g. by mixing water and steam

Definitions

  • the invention is directed to a method for operating a steam power plant during a start and start phase of a steam generator with connected water / steam cycle, wherein the steam generator has a fresh steam generation without reheating or fresh steam generation with a downstream reheat and the water / steam cycle a High-pressure preheating and a feedwater tank includes and in the water / steam cycle at least one at least one turbine turbine set is arranged and the high-pressure preheating and the feedwater tank of the water / steam cycle a water / steam cycle at least during the respective start and start phase of the Steam generator is assigned by auxiliary fuels generated auxiliary steam supplying auxiliary steam rail.
  • the invention is directed to a steam power plant with a steam generator with connected water / steam circuit for carrying out such a method, which has a steam generator with a fresh steam generation without reheating or a steam generator with a fresh steam generation with a subsequent reheat, wherein the water / steam Circuit comprises a high-pressure preheating and a feedwater tank and in the water / steam cycle at least one at least turbine turbine set is arranged and the high pressure preheating and the feedwater tank of the water / steam cycle a water / steam cycle at least during a respective start and Starting phase of the steam generator auxiliary steam supplying auxiliary steam rail is assigned, wherein the guided in the auxiliary steam rail auxiliary steam is generated by means of an auxiliary steam generator.
  • the water / steam Circuit comprises a high-pressure preheating and a feedwater tank and in the water / steam cycle at least one at least turbine turbine set is arranged and the high pressure preheating and the feedwater tank of the water / steam cycle a water / steam cycle at least during
  • a steam generator without reheating and known with a turbo set in which in the steam generator from a connected water / steam circuit supplied feed water is converted during the startup or start-up process of the steam generator in live steam, which then in the line of water / Steam cycle is led to a turbo set.
  • the live steam via a bypass line, a so-called high-pressure Umleitstation, past the turbo set and in the also introduced in the water / steam cycle arranged capacitor.
  • the live steam cools and condenses. The entire heat of condensation is discarded by means of additional energy.
  • the water / steam cycle is associated with a so-called auxiliary steam rail, with which consumers arranged thereon, such as the arranged in the water / steam cycle feedwater tank can be supplied with the heating of the feedwater serving steam and the energy input thereby transmitted.
  • the guided in the auxiliary steam rail auxiliary steam is usually generated by means of an oil or gas-fired auxiliary steam generator.
  • a method for generating steam during a start-up process or a start-up process of Steam generator with reheating of the steam and an associated water / steam cycle arranged turbine set which may include, for example, a high-pressure turbine and a medium-pressure turbine.
  • steam is first generated again in the steam generator, which is guided past by means of a high-pressure Umleitstation at the associated high-pressure turbine until he required for the operation of the high-pressure turbine steam parameters in terms of pressure, temperature and Mass flow has reached.
  • the bypass line of the high-pressure bypass station leads the live steam bypassing the high-pressure turbine during this time into the cold reheater rail of the water / steam circuit which supplies the cold reheater steam to a reheater arranged in the steam generator.
  • this reheater hot reheater steam is generated, which in turn is then fed to the medium-pressure turbine.
  • the hot reheater steam is supplied to the intermediate-pressure turbine by means of a low-pressure diverter station with associated bypass line and fed to the condenser, as long as the hot reheater steam during the start-up and start-up process does not respect the steam parameters necessary for the operation of the medium-pressure turbine Pressure, temperature and mass flow met.
  • a disadvantage of the known state of the art therefore, is that a large part of the heat energy generated in the steam generation and transported in the steam is discarded unused in the condenser of the water / steam cycle.
  • a generic method and a generic steam power plant are from the DE 44 47 044 C1 known.
  • This document discloses a steam power plant having a steam generator with fresh steam generation and a subsequent reheat.
  • steam is supplied from the beginning via a bypass line of a low-pressure preheating for feedwater pre-heating.
  • a partial steam quantity of the steam produced can be branched off upstream of the reheater and fed as heating medium to a high-pressure preheater for feedwater preheating.
  • a steam power plant which discloses a steam generator with a fresh steam generation without reheating.
  • the steam generator is associated with an auxiliary steam rail whose steam is used for a feedwater pre-heating, by this is fed to the feedwater tank for preheating and degassing of the feedwater.
  • the auxiliary steam system is fed by the live steam generated during the start and start phase of the steam power plant.
  • the invention is therefore an object of the invention to provide a solution that makes it possible to better use the heat energy content of the steam generated when starting a power generating steam power plant for a heat back into the water / steam cycle for feedwater preheating and the startup of the power plant to further reduce the resulting heat energy losses and to shorten the starting process.
  • this object is achieved in that generated during the start and startup phase of the steam power plant in a steam generator without reheating from guided in the water / steam cycle feed water live steam and during a period or the respective period of the start - And start-up phase, in which the steam produced does not meet the steam required for operation of the water / steam cycle downstream of the fresh steam generator turbine of the turbo set steam parameters, first the steam generated in the steam generator using its transmittable heat energy content, in particular almost completely, a high pressure preheating or the high-pressure preheating and the auxiliary steam rail is supplied and that during the start and start-up phase of the steam power plant in a steam generator with reheat from in Water / steam circuit guided feed water produced live steam and hot reheater steam and during a period or the respective period of the start-up and start-up phase, in which the hot reheater steam generated arranged for operating in the water / steam cycle downstream of the hot reheater steam generating reheating Turbine of the turbo set required steam parameters is
  • this object is achieved in that the steam generator without reheating downstream of the steam generator and upstream of a steam can be acted upon with steam turbine, especially high-pressure turbine, the turbo set a live steam from the water / steam circuit branches off and to the auxiliary steam rail and the high pressure preheating leading start-up bypass line connection and that the steam generator with hot reheater steam generating reheater downstream of a steam can be applied with high-pressure turbine and the reheater superheater steam generating reheater and upstream of a hot reheater steam acted upon turbine, in particular medium-pressure turbine, the turbo set a hot reheater steam from Branch water / steam circuit and to the auxiliary steam rail and the high pressure preheating leading start-up bypass line connection.
  • the steam produced in the steam generator or hot reheater steam is no longer supplied to a capacitor or only partially used, but in particular is almost completely used so that its transferable heat energy content to the high pressure preheating or the high pressure preheating and the auxiliary steam rail transmitted and so on the Feedwater heating indirectly or directly serving devices or devices and / or devices or devices arranged in the water / steam circuit and / or on the auxiliary steam rail, and thus being used for a feedwater preheating and / or steaming of the auxiliary steam rail.
  • the supply of steam generated by oil or gas-fired auxiliary steam generators and thereby the fuel consumption is reduced in total when feeding the produced steam or hot reheater steam into the auxiliary steam rail. It is particularly advantageous that the transferable heat energy of the generated live steam or the generated hot reheater steam is supplied to the high-pressure preheating. This has the advantage that compared to a supply of the hot reheater steam for low pressure preheating in the high pressure preheating both the feed water pressure and the boiling point of the feedwater are higher and by taking place at this point supply of hot reheater steam significantly more heat energy in the water / steam Cycle can be returned.
  • This measure is also opposite to that from the DE 44 47 044 C1 known measure, after which a subset of the cold reheater steam is supplied to the high-pressure preheating advantageous because this subset of cold reheater steam until later - from about 15% of the steam generator load - can be provided.
  • this measure is limited to a subset of the generated steam, as the Reheater heating surfaces of the downstream intermediate steam superheating must be cooled by the steam, in addition, the steam generator efficiency is worse because the discharge of a portion of the cold reheater steam, the flue gas temperature is higher behind the reheater and thereby the exhaust gas temperature - which means the removal of unused heat energy - increases.
  • hot steam and, in the case of a steam generator with reheat, hot steam reheater steam of high pressure preheat or high pressure preheat and the auxiliary steam rail are to be fed to a steam generator with reheat.
  • the heat energy content present in the live steam or the hot reheater steam is then transferred as far as possible to the high-pressure preheating or the auxiliary steam rail for use. It is intended to supply a maximum amount of live steam or hot reheater steam energetically by using the transferable heat contents of a use.
  • the live steam or hot reheater steam completely to the high pressure preheat or auxiliary steam rail for use of the transferable thermal energy contents.
  • the respective current temperature condition of the turbine set of the power plant and the current steam generator load between 2% to 35% of the live steam quantity are used to preheat the turbine set and the associated piping
  • the live steam or hot reheater steam generated at the respective steam power plant is of course also used for preheating the turbo set and the associated pipelines, but - at least and in particular - the live steam produced additionally or hot reheater steam with this "excess". Subset then completely the high pressure preheating or Auxiliary steam rail is supplied, provided that the bypass line connection can fully absorb this live steam or hot reheater steam amount. Only when the produced steam or hot reheater steam quantity is greater than the amount used for the preheating and the amount that can be taken up by the bypass line connection, the respective remaining amount of excess steam is supplied to the condenser arranged in the water / steam cycle.
  • the "in particular almost complete" supply of the live steam or the hot reheater steam to the high-pressure preheating or the high-pressure preheating and the auxiliary steam rail is to be understood.
  • the condenser is at least partially supplied with this amount of steam.
  • another part can also be used for preheating, for example, the turbo set and the pipes connected thereto.
  • the inventive use of, preferably total, transmittable heat energy and heat energy of the steam produced in the steam generator and / or reheater steam can be used particularly advantageous for a feedwater, when the steam supply for feedwater preheating by means of a start-up bypass line connection.
  • the invention therefore provides in a further embodiment of the method that one, in particular the entire, produced in the steam generator without reheating amount of live steam downstream of the steam generator and upstream of the turbine can be acted upon with live steam, in particular high pressure turbine, the turbo set initially by means of a branching off from the water / steam circuit start-up bypass line connection, in particular almost completely, the auxiliary steam rail and / or the high pressure preheating is supplied.
  • the turbo set is first supplied by means of a branching off from the water / steam cycle start-up bypass line connection, in particular almost completely, the auxiliary steam rail and / or the high-pressure preheating.
  • the live steam is therefore fed downstream of the steam generator and upstream of a steamable turbine with the start-up bypass line connection.
  • the hot reheater steam is thus fed downstream of a live steam superheamer and the reheater superheater steam producing reheater and upstream of a hot reheater steam impingable turbine, particularly mid-pressure turbine, to the start-up bypass line connection.
  • Such a start-up bypass line connection can also be conveniently used to condition the supplied live steam or the supplied hot reheater steam in such a way that with respect to its pressure, its temperature and the steam mass flow to the consumers connected to the start-up bypass line connection, such as the high pressure preheating, in the water / steam cycle of the Steam generator associated water / steam cycle is arranged, or the auxiliary steam rail is adapted such that the requirements imposed by these with respect to the steam parameters are met.
  • the invention is characterized in development therefore also by the live steam and / or hot reheater steam in the start-up bypass line connection with respect to its steam pressure and temperature parameters and its mass flow to the requirements of the connected to the start-up bypass line connection steam consumer auxiliary steam rail and / or high pressure preheating is adjusted.
  • the reheater steam is fed to the start-up bypass line connection exclusively downstream of the steam generator as a hot reheater steam.
  • the amount of steam generated is greater than the total amount of steam in the start-up bypass line connection, is for this case also provided the possibility to supply the generated steam to the arranged in the water / steam cycle of the steam generator capacitor.
  • the invention therefore also provides that only the part of the live steam or hot reheater steam quantity generated in the steam generator during the respective start and start phase of the steam power plant is supplied to a condenser arranged in the water / steam circuit, which concretely controls the current intake and / or or conveying capacity exceeds the start-up bypass line connection.
  • the invention further provides that when approaching or reaching the required for the operation of an associated turbine of the turbo set steam parameters in live steam or in the hot reheater steam whose / their supply returned to the start-up bypass line connection and closed the start-up bypass line connection and the live steam or the hot Reheater steam is supplied to the respective associated turbine of the turbo set.
  • the steam power plant in a further embodiment of the invention is characterized in that in the start-up bypass line connection, a live steam supplied or the hot reheater steam supplied to the consumers connected to end regions of the start-up bypass line connection Auxiliary steam rail and high pressure preheating required steam parameters adjusting steam conditioning device is arranged.
  • the steam conditioning device is in particular a steam reduction station.
  • the steam power plant according to the invention is further characterized in that the auxiliary steam rail is in line connection with a feed water tank, a steam air preheater of the steam generator and the high-pressure turbine of the turbo set.
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic overview of a steam generator 1 of a steam power plant with connected water / steam cycle 2.
  • water / steam cycle 2 is a high-pressure turbine. 3 arranged, which in the steam generator 1 generated live steam 4 (FD) can be fed.
  • FD live steam 4
  • the water / steam circuit 2 opens into a condenser 5.
  • HDU high pressure bypass station 6
  • the steam is condensed and then supplied in the water / steam circuit 2 by means of a low-pressure pump 8 a Niederbuchvorierrmung 9 and a feedwater tank 10.
  • the feedwater is supplied by means of a feedwater pump 11 in the water / steam cycle 2 of a high-pressure preheating 12, from which the feedwater is then fed to the steam generator 1.
  • the water / steam circuit 2 is associated with an auxiliary steam-carrying auxiliary steam rail 13, which is supplied when starting usually by means of an oil or gas-fired auxiliary steam generator 14 steam generated.
  • auxiliary steam rail steam 13 By means of the guided in the auxiliary steam rail steam 13, the feed water tank 10, the steam air preheater 26 of the steam generator 1 and the high-pressure turbine 3 steam either as a sealing steam or for the utilization of the heat content contained in the steam can be supplied.
  • flow direction of the water / steam circuit 2 downstream of the fresh steam generation 19 in the steam generator 1 and upstream of the turbine 3 branches off from the water / steam circuit 2 from a start-up bypass line 16 from which an end portion 16 a enters the high-pressure preheater 12 and opens into the auxiliary steam rail 13 with another end region 16b.
  • the auxiliary steam rail 13 in turn is connected via a line connection 17 to the feedwater tank 10 in this steam-acted manner.
  • a steam conditioning device 18 is arranged and configured in the form of a steam reduction station, with which the supplied live steam 4 adapted to the demands made by the consumers directly or indirectly connected to the start-up bypass connection line 16 with respect to the required steam parameters becomes.
  • the steam 4 supplied to the start-up bypass connection line 16 is used for the preheating of the feed water and in this respect via the line part 16b of the auxiliary steam rail 13 and from there via the line 17 to the feedwater tank 10 and via the line part 16a of the high pressure preheating 12. If, during the start and start-up phase of the steam generator 1, the steam quantity 4 produced exceeds the capacity or delivery volume of the start-up bypass connection line 16, the excess live steam portion is fed to the bypass line 7 and the high-pressure bypass station 6 and then introduced into the condenser 5.
  • the embodiment of the FIG. 2 is different from the after FIG. 1 characterized in that here the steam generator 1a in addition to the fresh steam generation 19 and a hot reheater steam 20 (HZÜ) generating reheatening 21 includes.
  • the turbine set 3b arranged in the water / steam cycle 2 comprises a high-pressure turbine 3 and a medium-pressure turbine 22.
  • the live steam 4 is guided past the high-pressure turbine 3 during the start and start-up phase of the steam generator 1 via the bypass line 7, as in FIG Steam parameters of the live steam 4 do not allow their operation.
  • the bypass line 7 opens into a so-called cold reheater section 2 a of the water / steam circuit 2, which cold reheater steam 4 the reheatening 21, by means of which in the steam generator 1 a hot reheater steam 20 (HZÜ) is generated.
  • this Embodiment branches off the start-up bypass connection line 16 in the flow direction 15 of the water / steam cycle 2 downstream of the reheat 21 and upstream of the medium-pressure turbine 22 from the water / steam circuit 2 and ends with their ends 16 b and 16 a also in the auxiliary steam rail thirteenth and in the high-pressure preheating 12.
  • a steam conditioning device 18 is arranged in the form of a Dampfreduzierstation.
  • the medium-pressure turbine 22 can be bypassed by means of a second bypass line 23, in which a low-pressure bypass station 24 (NDU) is arranged. Both the second bypass line 23 and the output of the medium-pressure turbine 22 open into the condenser 5.
  • NDU low-pressure bypass station 24
  • the other elements correspond to those of the embodiment according to the FIG. 1 and are also provided with the same reference numerals.
  • steam generator 1a according to the embodiment of the FIG. 2 equipped steam power plant is generated during the start and start-up phase of the steam generator 1a in the high pressure part 19a of the steam generator 1a live steam 4 (FD).
  • the live steam 4 does not meet the requirements of the high-pressure turbine 3 to the necessary steam parameters pressure, temperature and steam mass flow, the live steam 4 is almost completely introduced via the bypass line 7 with the high-pressure Umleitstation 6 in the cold reheater rail 2a (KZÜ) (small amounts of steam used for preheating the live steam line and the turbine (s)).
  • KZÜ cold reheater rail 2a
  • the steam is then fed to the reheat 21 in the steam generator 1a and hot reheater steam 20 is generated.
  • This hot reheater steam 20 is then, as long as he does not meet the steam parameters required by the medium pressure turbine 22 for their permanent operation, namely steam pressure, steam temperature and steam mass flow, almost completely fed to the start-up bypass connection line 16 and here by means of the steam conditioning 18 to the
  • the consumers connected to the end / end regions 16a and 16b are adapted with regard to the steam parameters required there.
  • the hot reheater steam 20 is thus supplied via the end 16a of the high-pressure preheating 12 and by means of the end 16b of the auxiliary steam rail 13 and from there via the line 17 to the feedwater tank 10 so that the hot reheater steam 20 is used for the feedwater preheating.
  • the hot reheater steam quantity produced therein is greater than that which can be conveyed through the start-up bypass connection line 16, the excess reheater steam quantity is supplied to the second bypass line 23 and the low-pressure bypass station 24 arranged therein. Only when the hot reheater steam 20 generated in the reheater 21 of the steam generator 1a has such steam parameters that the medium-pressure turbine 22 can be operated sufficiently reliably, the start-up bypass connection line 16 is closed and the generated hot reheater steam 20 of the intermediate-pressure turbine 22 is supplied. In an analogous manner, the live steam 4 produced, if it has the necessary for a permanent operation of the high-pressure turbine 3 operating parameters, passed through the high-pressure turbine 3.
  • the live steam 4 is then usually in a pressure and temperature range of about 110 bar and 450 ° C, which is sufficient to allow the high-pressure turbine 3 to operate permanently.
  • the live steam 4 is then usually in a pressure and temperature range of about 110 bar and 450 ° C, which is sufficient to allow the high-pressure turbine 3 to operate permanently.
  • the use of the method according to the invention also leads to a faster preheating of the steam-conveying lines leading to the medium-pressure turbine 22 and results in longer service lives for thick-walled components of the steam generator.
  • the implementation of the method according to the invention requires a lower energy demand for the operation of a cooling tower and cooling water pumps, since less steam is introduced into the condenser 5.
  • the steam generator 1 or 1a as usual an economizer, an evaporator, a superheater, namely the steam generator 1 with one or the high pressure part 19a of the steam generator 1 or the steam generator 1a with a reheater 21 and a high pressure part 19a of the steam generator 1a include.
  • the inventive method can be found in any type of steam power plant application.
  • steam generators for Power generation in which the turbines drive a generator 25 for power generation, such as lignite steam boilers or coal-fired steam generators or waste heat boilers and steam generators of solar thermal systems, the inventive method and the associated heat backward integration of the steam generated via the feedwater in the steam generator 1 or 1a supplied feed water of Advantage.
  • the length of the respective start and start phase of the steam power plant results essentially from the beginning to which the first burner of the steam generator 1, 1 a is started (actuation of the "fire on” start button), and the end, the completion of the Synchronization of the generator 25 of the associated turbine or the turbine set 3a, 3b is reached.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Control Of Turbines (AREA)
  • Control Of Steam Boilers And Waste-Gas Boilers (AREA)

Claims (9)

  1. Procédé d'exploitation d'une centrale à vapeur pendant une phase de départ et de démarrage d'un générateur de vapeur (1, 1a) avec un circuit eau/vapeur (2) raccordé, le générateur de vapeur (1, 1a) comprenant une production de vapeur fraîche (19) sans surchauffe intermédiaire ou une production de vapeur fraîche (19) avec une surchauffe intermédiaire (21) branchée en aval et le circuit eau/vapeur (2) comprenant un préchauffage à haute pression (12) et un réservoir d'eau d'alimentation (10) ainsi que, dans le circuit eau/vapeur (2), au moins un groupe turbogénérateur (3a, 3b) comprenant au moins une turbine (3, 22) étant disposé et au préchauffage à haute pression (12) et au réservoir d'eau d'alimentation (10) du circuit eau/vapeur (2) correspond un rail de vapeur auxiliaire (13) introduisant la vapeur auxiliaire produite au moyen de combustibles auxiliaires dans le circuit eau/vapeur (2) au moins pendant la phase de départ et de démarrage du générateur de vapeur (1, 1a),
    moyennant quoi, pendant la phase de départ et de démarrage du générateur de la centrale à vapeur, dans le cas d'un générateur de vapeur (1) sans surchauffe intermédiaire, de la vapeur fraîche (4) est produite à partir de l'eau d'alimentation guidée dans le circuit eau/vapeur (2) et pendant une période ou la période correspondante de la phase de départ et de démarrage, dans laquelle la vapeur fraîche (4) produite ne respecte pas les paramètres de la vapeur nécessaires pour un fonctionnement de la turbine (3) du groupe turbogénérateur (3a), disposée dans le circuit eau/vapeur (2) en aval de la production de vapeur fraîche (19), la vapeur fraîche (4) produite dans le générateur de vapeur (1) est d'abord, à l'aide de sa teneur en énergie thermique transmissible, introduit dans le préchauffage à haute pression (12) ou le préchauffage à haute pression (12) et le rail de vapeur auxiliaire (13) et en ce que, pendant la phase de départ et de démarrage de la centrale à vapeur, dans le cas d'un générateur de vapeur (1a) avec surchauffe intermédiaire (21), à partir de l'eau d'alimentation guidée dans le circuit eau/vapeur (2), de vapeur fraîche (4) et de la vapeur de surchauffe intermédiaire chaude (20) sont produites et, pendant une période ou la période correspondante de la phase de départ et de démarrage, dans laquelle la vapeur de surchauffe intermédiaire chaude (20) produite ne respecte pas les paramètres de vapeur nécessaires pour un fonctionnement de la turbine (22) du groupe turbogénérateur (3b), disposée dans le circuit eau/vapeur (2) en aval de la surchauffe intermédiaire (21) produisant la vapeur de surchauffe intermédiaire chaude (20), la vapeur de surchauffe intermédiaire chaude (20) produite dans le générateur de vapeur (1a) est d'abord, à l'aide de sa teneur en énergie thermique transmissible, introduite dans le préchauffage à haute pression (12) ou le préchauffage à haute pression (12) et le rail de vapeur auxiliaire (13).
  2. Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que l'ensemble de la quantité de vapeur fraîche (4) produite dans le générateur de vapeur (1) sans surchauffe intermédiaire (21) est introduite, en aval du générateur de vapeur (1) et en amont de la turbine (3) pouvant être alimentée en vapeur fraîche (4), plus particulièrement une turbine à haute pression (3), du groupe turbogénérateur (3a), d'abord au moyen d'une liaison par conduite de dérivation de démarrage (16, 16a, 16b) bifurquant du circuit eau/vapeur (2), entièrement dans le rail de vapeur auxiliaire (13) et/ou le préchauffage à haute pression (12).
  3. Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que l'ensemble de la quantité de vapeur de surchauffe intermédiaire chaude (20) produite dans le générateur de vapeur (1a) avec la surchauffe intermédiaire (21) produisant la vapeur de surchauffe intermédiaire chaude (20) est introduite, en aval d'une turbine à haute pression (3) pouvant être alimentée en vapeur fraîche (4) et du surchauffeur intermédiaire (21) produisant la vapeur de surchauffe intermédiaire chaude (20) ainsi qu'en amont de la turbine (22) pouvant être alimentée en vapeur de surchauffe intermédiaire chaude (20), plus particulièrement une turbine à moyenne pression (22), du groupe turbogénérateur (3b), d'abord au moyen d'une liaison par conduite de dérivation de démarrage (16, 16a, 16b) bifurquant du circuit eau/vapeur (2), entièrement dans le rail de vapeur auxiliaire (13) et/ou le préchauffage à haute pression (12).
  4. Procédé selon la revendication 2 ou 3, caractérisé en ce que la vapeur fraîche (4) ou la vapeur de surchauffe intermédiaire chaude (20) est adaptée, dans la liaison par conduite de dérivation de démarrage (16, 16a, 16b), en ce qui concerne ses paramètres de vapeur pression et température ainsi que son débit massique, aux exigences des consommateurs de vapeur raccordés à la liaison par conduite de dérivation de démarrage (16, 16a, 16b), le rail de vapeur auxiliaire (13) et/ou le préchauffage à haute pression (12).
  5. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 2 à 4, caractérisé en ce que seule la partie de la quantité de vapeur fraîche et/ou de vapeur de surchauffe intermédiaire chaude produite dans le générateur de vapeur (1, 1a), pendant la phase de départ et de démarrage de la centrale à vapeur, qui dépasse la capacité actuelle d'absorption et/ou de convoyage de la liaison par conduite de dérivation de démarrage (16, 16a, 16b), est introduite dans un condensateur (5) disposé dans le circuit eau/vapeur (2).
  6. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 2 à 5, caractérisé en ce que, lorsque les paramètres approchent ou atteignent les paramètres de vapeur nécessaires pour le fonctionnement d'une turbine (3, 22) correspondante du groupe turbogénérateur (3a, 3b) dans la vapeur fraîche (4) et/ou dans la vapeur de surchauffe intermédiaire chaude (20), leur introduction dans la liaison par conduite de dérivation de démarrage (16, 16a, 16b) est retournée et la liaison par conduite de dérivation de démarrage (16, 16a, 16b) est fermée et la vapeur fraîche (4) et/ou la vapeur de surchauffe intermédiaire chaude (20) est introduite dans la turbine (3, 22) correspondante du groupe turbogénérateur (3a, 3b).
  7. Centrale à vapeur avec un générateur de vapeur (1, 1a) avec un circuit eau/vapeur (2) raccordé, pour l'exécution d'un procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 6, qui comprend un générateur de vapeur (1) avec une production de vapeur fraîche (19) sans surchauffe intermédiaire ou un générateur de vapeur (1a) avec une production de vapeur fraîche (19) avec une surchauffe intermédiaire (21) disposée en aval, le circuit eau/vapeur (2) comprenant un préchauffage à haute pression (12) et un réservoir d'eau d'alimentation (10) ainsi que, dans le circuit eau/vapeur (2), au moins un groupe turbogénérateur (3a, 3b) comprenant au moins une turbine (3, 22) est disposé et, au préchauffage à haute pression (12) et au réservoir d'eau d'alimentation (10) du circuit eau/vapeur (2) correspond un rail de vapeur auxiliaire (13) introduisant de la vapeur auxiliaire dans le circuit eau/vapeur (2) au moins pendant une phase de départ et de démarrage correspondante du générateur de vapeur (1, 1a), caractérisé en ce que la vapeur auxiliaire guidée dans le rail de vapeur auxiliaire (13) est produite au moyen d'un générateur de vapeur auxiliaire, généralement chauffé à l'huile ou au gaz, et en ce que le générateur de vapeur (1) sans surchauffe intermédiaire comprend, en aval du générateur de vapeur (1) et en amont d'une turbine (3) pouvant être alimentée en vapeur fraîche (4), plus particulièrement une turbine à haute pression (3), du groupe turbogénérateur (3a), comprend une liaison par conduite de dérivation de démarrage (16, 16a, 16b) faisant bifurquer la vapeur fraîche (4) du circuit eau/vapeur (2) et la conduisant vers le rail de vapeur auxiliaire (13) et le préchauffage à haute pression (12) et en ce que le générateur de vapeur (1a) avec une surchauffe intermédiaire (21) produisant une vapeur de surchauffe intermédiaire chaude (20) comprend, en aval d'une turbine à haute pression (3) pouvant être alimentée en vapeur fraîche (4) et du surchauffeur intermédiaire (21) produisant la vapeur de surchauffe intermédiaire chaude (20) ainsi qu'en amont d'une turbine (22) pouvant être alimentée en vapeur de surchauffe intermédiaire chaude (20), plus particulièrement une turbine à moyenne pression (22), du groupe turbogénérateur (3b), une liaison par conduite de dérivation de démarrage (16, 16a, 16b) faisant bifurquer la vapeur la vapeur de surchauffe intermédiaire chaude (20) du circuit eau/vapeur (2) et la conduisant vers le rail de vapeur auxiliaire (13) et le préchauffage à haute pression (12).
  8. Centrale à vapeur selon la revendication 7, caractérisée en ce que, dans la liaison par conduite de dérivation de démarrage (16, 16a, 16b), est disposé un dispositif de conditionnement de vapeur (18) adaptant la vapeur fraîche (4) introduite ou la vapeur de surchauffe intermédiaire chaude (20) introduite aux paramètres de vapeur requis par les consommateurs raccordés aux extrémités (16a, 16b) de la liaison par conduite de dérivation de démarrage (16, 16a, 16b), le rail de vapeur auxiliaire (13) et le préchauffage à haute pression (12).
  9. Centrale à vapeur selon la revendication 7 ou 8, caractérisée en ce que le rail de vapeur auxiliaire (13) est relié par des conduites à un réservoir d'eau d'alimentation (10), un préchauffage d'air (26) du générateur de vapeur (1, 1a) et à la turbine à haute pression (3) du groupe turbogénérateur (3a, 3b).
EP16785471.0A 2015-10-23 2016-10-24 Procédé de préchauffage d'eau d'alimentation d'une chaudière à vapeur d'une centrale électrique et centrale à vapeur pour la mise en oeuvre du procédé Active EP3365534B1 (fr)

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PL16785471T PL3365534T3 (pl) 2015-10-23 2016-10-24 Sposób podgrzewania wstępnego wody zasilającej wytwornicy pary siłowni parowej oraz siłownia parowa przeznaczona do realizacji tego sposobu

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DE102015118098.7A DE102015118098A1 (de) 2015-10-23 2015-10-23 Verfahren zur Speisewasservorwärmung eines Dampferzeugers eines Kraftwerks
PCT/EP2016/075509 WO2017068176A1 (fr) 2015-10-23 2016-10-24 Procédé de préchauffage d'eau d'alimentation d'une chaudière à vapeur d'une centrale électrique et centrale à vapeur pour la mise en œuvre du procédé

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DE (1) DE102015118098A1 (fr)
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ES (1) ES2764757T3 (fr)
PL (1) PL3365534T3 (fr)
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AT521050B1 (de) * 2018-05-29 2019-10-15 Fachhochschule Burgenland Gmbh Verfahren zur Steigerung der Energieeffizienz in Clausius-Rankine-Kreisprozessen

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NL17151C (fr) *
DE1200326B (de) * 1962-01-30 1965-09-09 Buckau Wolf Maschf R Verfahren zum Anfahren einer Dampfkraftanlage
FR1349229A (fr) * 1962-10-18 1964-01-17 Rateau Soc Perfectionnement aux turbines à fluide condensable en vue d'améliorer leur rendement aux charges réduites
CH406247A (de) * 1963-07-23 1966-01-31 Sulzer Ag Dampfkraftanlage mit Zwanglaufdampferzeuger und Zwischenüberhitzer
DE4432960C1 (de) * 1994-09-16 1995-11-30 Steinmueller Gmbh L & C Verfahren zum Betrieb eines Dampfkraftwerkes und Dampfkraftwerk
DE4447044C1 (de) * 1994-12-29 1996-04-11 Hans Wonn Verfahren zur Verminderung der Anfahrverluste eines Kraftwerksblockes
DE19654499A1 (de) * 1996-12-18 1998-06-25 Ver Energiewerke Ag Verfahren zum Anfahren eines Kraftwerksblockes
US7325400B2 (en) * 2004-01-09 2008-02-05 Siemens Power Generation, Inc. Rankine cycle and steam power plant utilizing the same
DE102009036064B4 (de) * 2009-08-04 2012-02-23 Alstom Technology Ltd. rfahren zum Betreiben eines mit einer Dampftemperatur von über 650°C operierenden Zwangdurchlaufdampferzeugers sowie Zwangdurchlaufdampferzeuger

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WO2017068176A1 (fr) 2017-04-27
DE102015118098A1 (de) 2017-04-27
DK3365534T3 (da) 2020-03-16
ES2764757T3 (es) 2020-06-04
PL3365534T3 (pl) 2020-06-01

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