EP3365534B1 - Method for preheating feed water of a steam generator of a power plant, and steam power plant for carrying out the method - Google Patents

Method for preheating feed water of a steam generator of a power plant, and steam power plant for carrying out the method Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3365534B1
EP3365534B1 EP16785471.0A EP16785471A EP3365534B1 EP 3365534 B1 EP3365534 B1 EP 3365534B1 EP 16785471 A EP16785471 A EP 16785471A EP 3365534 B1 EP3365534 B1 EP 3365534B1
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EP
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Prior art keywords
steam
water
live
intermediate superheater
generator
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Application number
EP16785471.0A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP3365534A1 (en
Inventor
Datcho Datchev
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Mitsubishi Power Europe GmbH
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Mitsubishi Hitachi Power Systems Europe GmbH
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Priority to PL16785471T priority Critical patent/PL3365534T3/en
Publication of EP3365534A1 publication Critical patent/EP3365534A1/en
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Classifications

    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01KSTEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K7/00Steam engine plants characterised by the use of specific types of engine; Plants or engines characterised by their use of special steam systems, cycles or processes; Control means specially adapted for such systems, cycles or processes; Use of withdrawn or exhaust steam for feed-water heating
    • F01K7/06Steam engine plants characterised by the use of specific types of engine; Plants or engines characterised by their use of special steam systems, cycles or processes; Control means specially adapted for such systems, cycles or processes; Use of withdrawn or exhaust steam for feed-water heating the engines being of multiple-inlet-pressure type
    • F01K7/08Control means specially adapted therefor
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01KSTEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K7/00Steam engine plants characterised by the use of specific types of engine; Plants or engines characterised by their use of special steam systems, cycles or processes; Control means specially adapted for such systems, cycles or processes; Use of withdrawn or exhaust steam for feed-water heating
    • F01K7/16Steam engine plants characterised by the use of specific types of engine; Plants or engines characterised by their use of special steam systems, cycles or processes; Control means specially adapted for such systems, cycles or processes; Use of withdrawn or exhaust steam for feed-water heating the engines being only of turbine type
    • F01K7/22Steam engine plants characterised by the use of specific types of engine; Plants or engines characterised by their use of special steam systems, cycles or processes; Control means specially adapted for such systems, cycles or processes; Use of withdrawn or exhaust steam for feed-water heating the engines being only of turbine type the turbines having inter-stage steam heating
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01KSTEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K7/00Steam engine plants characterised by the use of specific types of engine; Plants or engines characterised by their use of special steam systems, cycles or processes; Control means specially adapted for such systems, cycles or processes; Use of withdrawn or exhaust steam for feed-water heating
    • F01K7/34Steam engine plants characterised by the use of specific types of engine; Plants or engines characterised by their use of special steam systems, cycles or processes; Control means specially adapted for such systems, cycles or processes; Use of withdrawn or exhaust steam for feed-water heating the engines being of extraction or non-condensing type; Use of steam for feed-water heating
    • F01K7/38Steam engine plants characterised by the use of specific types of engine; Plants or engines characterised by their use of special steam systems, cycles or processes; Control means specially adapted for such systems, cycles or processes; Use of withdrawn or exhaust steam for feed-water heating the engines being of extraction or non-condensing type; Use of steam for feed-water heating the engines being of turbine type
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01KSTEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K7/00Steam engine plants characterised by the use of specific types of engine; Plants or engines characterised by their use of special steam systems, cycles or processes; Control means specially adapted for such systems, cycles or processes; Use of withdrawn or exhaust steam for feed-water heating
    • F01K7/34Steam engine plants characterised by the use of specific types of engine; Plants or engines characterised by their use of special steam systems, cycles or processes; Control means specially adapted for such systems, cycles or processes; Use of withdrawn or exhaust steam for feed-water heating the engines being of extraction or non-condensing type; Use of steam for feed-water heating
    • F01K7/44Use of steam for feed-water heating and another purpose
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22STEAM GENERATION
    • F22DPREHEATING, OR ACCUMULATING PREHEATED, FEED-WATER FOR STEAM GENERATION; FEED-WATER SUPPLY FOR STEAM GENERATION; CONTROLLING WATER LEVEL FOR STEAM GENERATION; AUXILIARY DEVICES FOR PROMOTING WATER CIRCULATION WITHIN STEAM BOILERS
    • F22D1/00Feed-water heaters, i.e. economisers or like preheaters
    • F22D1/28Feed-water heaters, i.e. economisers or like preheaters for direct heat transfer, e.g. by mixing water and steam

Definitions

  • the invention is directed to a method for operating a steam power plant during a start and start phase of a steam generator with connected water / steam cycle, wherein the steam generator has a fresh steam generation without reheating or fresh steam generation with a downstream reheat and the water / steam cycle a High-pressure preheating and a feedwater tank includes and in the water / steam cycle at least one at least one turbine turbine set is arranged and the high-pressure preheating and the feedwater tank of the water / steam cycle a water / steam cycle at least during the respective start and start phase of the Steam generator is assigned by auxiliary fuels generated auxiliary steam supplying auxiliary steam rail.
  • the invention is directed to a steam power plant with a steam generator with connected water / steam circuit for carrying out such a method, which has a steam generator with a fresh steam generation without reheating or a steam generator with a fresh steam generation with a subsequent reheat, wherein the water / steam Circuit comprises a high-pressure preheating and a feedwater tank and in the water / steam cycle at least one at least turbine turbine set is arranged and the high pressure preheating and the feedwater tank of the water / steam cycle a water / steam cycle at least during a respective start and Starting phase of the steam generator auxiliary steam supplying auxiliary steam rail is assigned, wherein the guided in the auxiliary steam rail auxiliary steam is generated by means of an auxiliary steam generator.
  • the water / steam Circuit comprises a high-pressure preheating and a feedwater tank and in the water / steam cycle at least one at least turbine turbine set is arranged and the high pressure preheating and the feedwater tank of the water / steam cycle a water / steam cycle at least during
  • a steam generator without reheating and known with a turbo set in which in the steam generator from a connected water / steam circuit supplied feed water is converted during the startup or start-up process of the steam generator in live steam, which then in the line of water / Steam cycle is led to a turbo set.
  • the live steam via a bypass line, a so-called high-pressure Umleitstation, past the turbo set and in the also introduced in the water / steam cycle arranged capacitor.
  • the live steam cools and condenses. The entire heat of condensation is discarded by means of additional energy.
  • the water / steam cycle is associated with a so-called auxiliary steam rail, with which consumers arranged thereon, such as the arranged in the water / steam cycle feedwater tank can be supplied with the heating of the feedwater serving steam and the energy input thereby transmitted.
  • the guided in the auxiliary steam rail auxiliary steam is usually generated by means of an oil or gas-fired auxiliary steam generator.
  • a method for generating steam during a start-up process or a start-up process of Steam generator with reheating of the steam and an associated water / steam cycle arranged turbine set which may include, for example, a high-pressure turbine and a medium-pressure turbine.
  • steam is first generated again in the steam generator, which is guided past by means of a high-pressure Umleitstation at the associated high-pressure turbine until he required for the operation of the high-pressure turbine steam parameters in terms of pressure, temperature and Mass flow has reached.
  • the bypass line of the high-pressure bypass station leads the live steam bypassing the high-pressure turbine during this time into the cold reheater rail of the water / steam circuit which supplies the cold reheater steam to a reheater arranged in the steam generator.
  • this reheater hot reheater steam is generated, which in turn is then fed to the medium-pressure turbine.
  • the hot reheater steam is supplied to the intermediate-pressure turbine by means of a low-pressure diverter station with associated bypass line and fed to the condenser, as long as the hot reheater steam during the start-up and start-up process does not respect the steam parameters necessary for the operation of the medium-pressure turbine Pressure, temperature and mass flow met.
  • a disadvantage of the known state of the art therefore, is that a large part of the heat energy generated in the steam generation and transported in the steam is discarded unused in the condenser of the water / steam cycle.
  • a generic method and a generic steam power plant are from the DE 44 47 044 C1 known.
  • This document discloses a steam power plant having a steam generator with fresh steam generation and a subsequent reheat.
  • steam is supplied from the beginning via a bypass line of a low-pressure preheating for feedwater pre-heating.
  • a partial steam quantity of the steam produced can be branched off upstream of the reheater and fed as heating medium to a high-pressure preheater for feedwater preheating.
  • a steam power plant which discloses a steam generator with a fresh steam generation without reheating.
  • the steam generator is associated with an auxiliary steam rail whose steam is used for a feedwater pre-heating, by this is fed to the feedwater tank for preheating and degassing of the feedwater.
  • the auxiliary steam system is fed by the live steam generated during the start and start phase of the steam power plant.
  • the invention is therefore an object of the invention to provide a solution that makes it possible to better use the heat energy content of the steam generated when starting a power generating steam power plant for a heat back into the water / steam cycle for feedwater preheating and the startup of the power plant to further reduce the resulting heat energy losses and to shorten the starting process.
  • this object is achieved in that generated during the start and startup phase of the steam power plant in a steam generator without reheating from guided in the water / steam cycle feed water live steam and during a period or the respective period of the start - And start-up phase, in which the steam produced does not meet the steam required for operation of the water / steam cycle downstream of the fresh steam generator turbine of the turbo set steam parameters, first the steam generated in the steam generator using its transmittable heat energy content, in particular almost completely, a high pressure preheating or the high-pressure preheating and the auxiliary steam rail is supplied and that during the start and start-up phase of the steam power plant in a steam generator with reheat from in Water / steam circuit guided feed water produced live steam and hot reheater steam and during a period or the respective period of the start-up and start-up phase, in which the hot reheater steam generated arranged for operating in the water / steam cycle downstream of the hot reheater steam generating reheating Turbine of the turbo set required steam parameters is
  • this object is achieved in that the steam generator without reheating downstream of the steam generator and upstream of a steam can be acted upon with steam turbine, especially high-pressure turbine, the turbo set a live steam from the water / steam circuit branches off and to the auxiliary steam rail and the high pressure preheating leading start-up bypass line connection and that the steam generator with hot reheater steam generating reheater downstream of a steam can be applied with high-pressure turbine and the reheater superheater steam generating reheater and upstream of a hot reheater steam acted upon turbine, in particular medium-pressure turbine, the turbo set a hot reheater steam from Branch water / steam circuit and to the auxiliary steam rail and the high pressure preheating leading start-up bypass line connection.
  • the steam produced in the steam generator or hot reheater steam is no longer supplied to a capacitor or only partially used, but in particular is almost completely used so that its transferable heat energy content to the high pressure preheating or the high pressure preheating and the auxiliary steam rail transmitted and so on the Feedwater heating indirectly or directly serving devices or devices and / or devices or devices arranged in the water / steam circuit and / or on the auxiliary steam rail, and thus being used for a feedwater preheating and / or steaming of the auxiliary steam rail.
  • the supply of steam generated by oil or gas-fired auxiliary steam generators and thereby the fuel consumption is reduced in total when feeding the produced steam or hot reheater steam into the auxiliary steam rail. It is particularly advantageous that the transferable heat energy of the generated live steam or the generated hot reheater steam is supplied to the high-pressure preheating. This has the advantage that compared to a supply of the hot reheater steam for low pressure preheating in the high pressure preheating both the feed water pressure and the boiling point of the feedwater are higher and by taking place at this point supply of hot reheater steam significantly more heat energy in the water / steam Cycle can be returned.
  • This measure is also opposite to that from the DE 44 47 044 C1 known measure, after which a subset of the cold reheater steam is supplied to the high-pressure preheating advantageous because this subset of cold reheater steam until later - from about 15% of the steam generator load - can be provided.
  • this measure is limited to a subset of the generated steam, as the Reheater heating surfaces of the downstream intermediate steam superheating must be cooled by the steam, in addition, the steam generator efficiency is worse because the discharge of a portion of the cold reheater steam, the flue gas temperature is higher behind the reheater and thereby the exhaust gas temperature - which means the removal of unused heat energy - increases.
  • hot steam and, in the case of a steam generator with reheat, hot steam reheater steam of high pressure preheat or high pressure preheat and the auxiliary steam rail are to be fed to a steam generator with reheat.
  • the heat energy content present in the live steam or the hot reheater steam is then transferred as far as possible to the high-pressure preheating or the auxiliary steam rail for use. It is intended to supply a maximum amount of live steam or hot reheater steam energetically by using the transferable heat contents of a use.
  • the live steam or hot reheater steam completely to the high pressure preheat or auxiliary steam rail for use of the transferable thermal energy contents.
  • the respective current temperature condition of the turbine set of the power plant and the current steam generator load between 2% to 35% of the live steam quantity are used to preheat the turbine set and the associated piping
  • the live steam or hot reheater steam generated at the respective steam power plant is of course also used for preheating the turbo set and the associated pipelines, but - at least and in particular - the live steam produced additionally or hot reheater steam with this "excess". Subset then completely the high pressure preheating or Auxiliary steam rail is supplied, provided that the bypass line connection can fully absorb this live steam or hot reheater steam amount. Only when the produced steam or hot reheater steam quantity is greater than the amount used for the preheating and the amount that can be taken up by the bypass line connection, the respective remaining amount of excess steam is supplied to the condenser arranged in the water / steam cycle.
  • the "in particular almost complete" supply of the live steam or the hot reheater steam to the high-pressure preheating or the high-pressure preheating and the auxiliary steam rail is to be understood.
  • the condenser is at least partially supplied with this amount of steam.
  • another part can also be used for preheating, for example, the turbo set and the pipes connected thereto.
  • the inventive use of, preferably total, transmittable heat energy and heat energy of the steam produced in the steam generator and / or reheater steam can be used particularly advantageous for a feedwater, when the steam supply for feedwater preheating by means of a start-up bypass line connection.
  • the invention therefore provides in a further embodiment of the method that one, in particular the entire, produced in the steam generator without reheating amount of live steam downstream of the steam generator and upstream of the turbine can be acted upon with live steam, in particular high pressure turbine, the turbo set initially by means of a branching off from the water / steam circuit start-up bypass line connection, in particular almost completely, the auxiliary steam rail and / or the high pressure preheating is supplied.
  • the turbo set is first supplied by means of a branching off from the water / steam cycle start-up bypass line connection, in particular almost completely, the auxiliary steam rail and / or the high-pressure preheating.
  • the live steam is therefore fed downstream of the steam generator and upstream of a steamable turbine with the start-up bypass line connection.
  • the hot reheater steam is thus fed downstream of a live steam superheamer and the reheater superheater steam producing reheater and upstream of a hot reheater steam impingable turbine, particularly mid-pressure turbine, to the start-up bypass line connection.
  • Such a start-up bypass line connection can also be conveniently used to condition the supplied live steam or the supplied hot reheater steam in such a way that with respect to its pressure, its temperature and the steam mass flow to the consumers connected to the start-up bypass line connection, such as the high pressure preheating, in the water / steam cycle of the Steam generator associated water / steam cycle is arranged, or the auxiliary steam rail is adapted such that the requirements imposed by these with respect to the steam parameters are met.
  • the invention is characterized in development therefore also by the live steam and / or hot reheater steam in the start-up bypass line connection with respect to its steam pressure and temperature parameters and its mass flow to the requirements of the connected to the start-up bypass line connection steam consumer auxiliary steam rail and / or high pressure preheating is adjusted.
  • the reheater steam is fed to the start-up bypass line connection exclusively downstream of the steam generator as a hot reheater steam.
  • the amount of steam generated is greater than the total amount of steam in the start-up bypass line connection, is for this case also provided the possibility to supply the generated steam to the arranged in the water / steam cycle of the steam generator capacitor.
  • the invention therefore also provides that only the part of the live steam or hot reheater steam quantity generated in the steam generator during the respective start and start phase of the steam power plant is supplied to a condenser arranged in the water / steam circuit, which concretely controls the current intake and / or or conveying capacity exceeds the start-up bypass line connection.
  • the invention further provides that when approaching or reaching the required for the operation of an associated turbine of the turbo set steam parameters in live steam or in the hot reheater steam whose / their supply returned to the start-up bypass line connection and closed the start-up bypass line connection and the live steam or the hot Reheater steam is supplied to the respective associated turbine of the turbo set.
  • the steam power plant in a further embodiment of the invention is characterized in that in the start-up bypass line connection, a live steam supplied or the hot reheater steam supplied to the consumers connected to end regions of the start-up bypass line connection Auxiliary steam rail and high pressure preheating required steam parameters adjusting steam conditioning device is arranged.
  • the steam conditioning device is in particular a steam reduction station.
  • the steam power plant according to the invention is further characterized in that the auxiliary steam rail is in line connection with a feed water tank, a steam air preheater of the steam generator and the high-pressure turbine of the turbo set.
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic overview of a steam generator 1 of a steam power plant with connected water / steam cycle 2.
  • water / steam cycle 2 is a high-pressure turbine. 3 arranged, which in the steam generator 1 generated live steam 4 (FD) can be fed.
  • FD live steam 4
  • the water / steam circuit 2 opens into a condenser 5.
  • HDU high pressure bypass station 6
  • the steam is condensed and then supplied in the water / steam circuit 2 by means of a low-pressure pump 8 a Niederbuchvorierrmung 9 and a feedwater tank 10.
  • the feedwater is supplied by means of a feedwater pump 11 in the water / steam cycle 2 of a high-pressure preheating 12, from which the feedwater is then fed to the steam generator 1.
  • the water / steam circuit 2 is associated with an auxiliary steam-carrying auxiliary steam rail 13, which is supplied when starting usually by means of an oil or gas-fired auxiliary steam generator 14 steam generated.
  • auxiliary steam rail steam 13 By means of the guided in the auxiliary steam rail steam 13, the feed water tank 10, the steam air preheater 26 of the steam generator 1 and the high-pressure turbine 3 steam either as a sealing steam or for the utilization of the heat content contained in the steam can be supplied.
  • flow direction of the water / steam circuit 2 downstream of the fresh steam generation 19 in the steam generator 1 and upstream of the turbine 3 branches off from the water / steam circuit 2 from a start-up bypass line 16 from which an end portion 16 a enters the high-pressure preheater 12 and opens into the auxiliary steam rail 13 with another end region 16b.
  • the auxiliary steam rail 13 in turn is connected via a line connection 17 to the feedwater tank 10 in this steam-acted manner.
  • a steam conditioning device 18 is arranged and configured in the form of a steam reduction station, with which the supplied live steam 4 adapted to the demands made by the consumers directly or indirectly connected to the start-up bypass connection line 16 with respect to the required steam parameters becomes.
  • the steam 4 supplied to the start-up bypass connection line 16 is used for the preheating of the feed water and in this respect via the line part 16b of the auxiliary steam rail 13 and from there via the line 17 to the feedwater tank 10 and via the line part 16a of the high pressure preheating 12. If, during the start and start-up phase of the steam generator 1, the steam quantity 4 produced exceeds the capacity or delivery volume of the start-up bypass connection line 16, the excess live steam portion is fed to the bypass line 7 and the high-pressure bypass station 6 and then introduced into the condenser 5.
  • the embodiment of the FIG. 2 is different from the after FIG. 1 characterized in that here the steam generator 1a in addition to the fresh steam generation 19 and a hot reheater steam 20 (HZÜ) generating reheatening 21 includes.
  • the turbine set 3b arranged in the water / steam cycle 2 comprises a high-pressure turbine 3 and a medium-pressure turbine 22.
  • the live steam 4 is guided past the high-pressure turbine 3 during the start and start-up phase of the steam generator 1 via the bypass line 7, as in FIG Steam parameters of the live steam 4 do not allow their operation.
  • the bypass line 7 opens into a so-called cold reheater section 2 a of the water / steam circuit 2, which cold reheater steam 4 the reheatening 21, by means of which in the steam generator 1 a hot reheater steam 20 (HZÜ) is generated.
  • this Embodiment branches off the start-up bypass connection line 16 in the flow direction 15 of the water / steam cycle 2 downstream of the reheat 21 and upstream of the medium-pressure turbine 22 from the water / steam circuit 2 and ends with their ends 16 b and 16 a also in the auxiliary steam rail thirteenth and in the high-pressure preheating 12.
  • a steam conditioning device 18 is arranged in the form of a Dampfreduzierstation.
  • the medium-pressure turbine 22 can be bypassed by means of a second bypass line 23, in which a low-pressure bypass station 24 (NDU) is arranged. Both the second bypass line 23 and the output of the medium-pressure turbine 22 open into the condenser 5.
  • NDU low-pressure bypass station 24
  • the other elements correspond to those of the embodiment according to the FIG. 1 and are also provided with the same reference numerals.
  • steam generator 1a according to the embodiment of the FIG. 2 equipped steam power plant is generated during the start and start-up phase of the steam generator 1a in the high pressure part 19a of the steam generator 1a live steam 4 (FD).
  • the live steam 4 does not meet the requirements of the high-pressure turbine 3 to the necessary steam parameters pressure, temperature and steam mass flow, the live steam 4 is almost completely introduced via the bypass line 7 with the high-pressure Umleitstation 6 in the cold reheater rail 2a (KZÜ) (small amounts of steam used for preheating the live steam line and the turbine (s)).
  • KZÜ cold reheater rail 2a
  • the steam is then fed to the reheat 21 in the steam generator 1a and hot reheater steam 20 is generated.
  • This hot reheater steam 20 is then, as long as he does not meet the steam parameters required by the medium pressure turbine 22 for their permanent operation, namely steam pressure, steam temperature and steam mass flow, almost completely fed to the start-up bypass connection line 16 and here by means of the steam conditioning 18 to the
  • the consumers connected to the end / end regions 16a and 16b are adapted with regard to the steam parameters required there.
  • the hot reheater steam 20 is thus supplied via the end 16a of the high-pressure preheating 12 and by means of the end 16b of the auxiliary steam rail 13 and from there via the line 17 to the feedwater tank 10 so that the hot reheater steam 20 is used for the feedwater preheating.
  • the hot reheater steam quantity produced therein is greater than that which can be conveyed through the start-up bypass connection line 16, the excess reheater steam quantity is supplied to the second bypass line 23 and the low-pressure bypass station 24 arranged therein. Only when the hot reheater steam 20 generated in the reheater 21 of the steam generator 1a has such steam parameters that the medium-pressure turbine 22 can be operated sufficiently reliably, the start-up bypass connection line 16 is closed and the generated hot reheater steam 20 of the intermediate-pressure turbine 22 is supplied. In an analogous manner, the live steam 4 produced, if it has the necessary for a permanent operation of the high-pressure turbine 3 operating parameters, passed through the high-pressure turbine 3.
  • the live steam 4 is then usually in a pressure and temperature range of about 110 bar and 450 ° C, which is sufficient to allow the high-pressure turbine 3 to operate permanently.
  • the live steam 4 is then usually in a pressure and temperature range of about 110 bar and 450 ° C, which is sufficient to allow the high-pressure turbine 3 to operate permanently.
  • the use of the method according to the invention also leads to a faster preheating of the steam-conveying lines leading to the medium-pressure turbine 22 and results in longer service lives for thick-walled components of the steam generator.
  • the implementation of the method according to the invention requires a lower energy demand for the operation of a cooling tower and cooling water pumps, since less steam is introduced into the condenser 5.
  • the steam generator 1 or 1a as usual an economizer, an evaporator, a superheater, namely the steam generator 1 with one or the high pressure part 19a of the steam generator 1 or the steam generator 1a with a reheater 21 and a high pressure part 19a of the steam generator 1a include.
  • the inventive method can be found in any type of steam power plant application.
  • steam generators for Power generation in which the turbines drive a generator 25 for power generation, such as lignite steam boilers or coal-fired steam generators or waste heat boilers and steam generators of solar thermal systems, the inventive method and the associated heat backward integration of the steam generated via the feedwater in the steam generator 1 or 1a supplied feed water of Advantage.
  • the length of the respective start and start phase of the steam power plant results essentially from the beginning to which the first burner of the steam generator 1, 1 a is started (actuation of the "fire on” start button), and the end, the completion of the Synchronization of the generator 25 of the associated turbine or the turbine set 3a, 3b is reached.

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  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Control Of Turbines (AREA)
  • Control Of Steam Boilers And Waste-Gas Boilers (AREA)

Description

Die Erfindung richtet sich auf ein Verfahren zum Betrieb eines Dampfkraftwerks während einer Start- und Anfahrphase eines Dampferzeugers mit angeschlossenem Wasser/Dampf-Kreislauf, wobei der Dampferzeuger eine Frischdampferzeugung ohne Zwischenüberhitzung oder eine Frischdampferzeugung mit einer nachgeschalteten Zwischenüberhitzung aufweist und der Wasser/Dampf-Kreislauf eine Hochdruckvorwärmung und einen Speisewasserbehälter umfasst sowie in dem Wasser/Dampf-Kreislauf mindestens ein mindestens eine Turbine umfassender Turbosatz angeordnet ist und der Hochdruckvorwärmung und dem Speisewasserbehälter des Wasser/Dampf-Kreislaufs eine dem Wasser/Dampf-Kreislauf zumindest während der jeweiligen Start- und Anfahrphase des Dampferzeugers mittels Hilfsbrennstoffen erzeugten Hilfsdampf zuführende Hilfsdampfschiene zugeordnet ist.The invention is directed to a method for operating a steam power plant during a start and start phase of a steam generator with connected water / steam cycle, wherein the steam generator has a fresh steam generation without reheating or fresh steam generation with a downstream reheat and the water / steam cycle a High-pressure preheating and a feedwater tank includes and in the water / steam cycle at least one at least one turbine turbine set is arranged and the high-pressure preheating and the feedwater tank of the water / steam cycle a water / steam cycle at least during the respective start and start phase of the Steam generator is assigned by auxiliary fuels generated auxiliary steam supplying auxiliary steam rail.

Weiterhin richtet sich die Erfindung auf ein Dampfkraftwerk mit einem Dampferzeuger mit angeschlossenem Wasser/Dampf-Kreislauf zur Durchführung eines solchen Verfahrens, das einen Dampferzeuger mit einer Frischdampferzeugung ohne Zwischenüberhitzung oder einen Dampferzeuger mit einer Frischdampferzeugung mit einer nachgeschalteten Zwischenüberhitzung aufweist, wobei der Wasser/Dampf-Kreislauf eine Hochdruckvorwärmung und einen Speisewasserbehälter umfasst sowie in dem Wasser/Dampf-Kreislauf mindestens ein mindestens eine Turbine umfassender Turbosatz angeordnet ist und der Hochdruckvorwärmung und dem Speisewasserbehälter des Wasser/Dampf-Kreislaufs eine dem Wasser/Dampf-Kreislauf zumindest während einer jeweiligen Start- und Anfahrphase des Dampferzeugers Hilfsdampf zuführende Hilfsdampfschiene zugeordnet ist, wobei der in der Hilfsdampfschiene geführte Hilfsdampf mittels eines Hilfsdampferzeugers erzeugt wird.Furthermore, the invention is directed to a steam power plant with a steam generator with connected water / steam circuit for carrying out such a method, which has a steam generator with a fresh steam generation without reheating or a steam generator with a fresh steam generation with a subsequent reheat, wherein the water / steam Circuit comprises a high-pressure preheating and a feedwater tank and in the water / steam cycle at least one at least turbine turbine set is arranged and the high pressure preheating and the feedwater tank of the water / steam cycle a water / steam cycle at least during a respective start and Starting phase of the steam generator auxiliary steam supplying auxiliary steam rail is assigned, wherein the guided in the auxiliary steam rail auxiliary steam is generated by means of an auxiliary steam generator.

Die Nutzung der Kondensationswärme des bei der Dampferzeugung im Dampferzeuger eines Dampfkraftwerkes entstehenden Dampfes zur Vorwärmung des bei einem solchen Dampferzeuger im zugeordneten Wasser/Dampf-Kreislauf geführten Speisewassers für den Dampferzeuger ist allgemein bekannt und wird beispielsweise während des Dampferzeugungsbetriebes in der Hochdruck-Vorwärmstrecke des an den Dampferzeuger angeschlossenen Wasser/Dampf-Kreislaufes eingesetzt. Bei den aus der Praxis bekannten Anlagen ist allerdings nur eine begrenzte Vorwärmung des Speisewassers während des Anfahrvorganges, dem sogenannte Start-up-Prozess einer Dampferzeugeranlage, möglich. Der größte Teil der während eines solchen Anfahrvorganges mit der Dampferzeugung entstehenden Wärme wird in der Regel nicht genutzt, sondern mit zusätzlichem Energieaufwand insbesondere im im Wasser/Dampf-Kreislauf angeordnetem Kondensator verworfen.The use of the heat of condensation of steam generated during steam generation in the steam generator of a steam power plant to preheat the at such a steam generator in the associated water / steam cycle guided feedwater for the steam generator is well known and is used for example during the steam generating operation in the high-pressure preheating section of the water / steam cycle connected to the steam generator. However, in the systems known from practice, only a limited preheating of the feedwater during the start-up process, the so-called start-up process of a steam generator system, is possible. The majority of the resulting during such a startup process with the steam heat is not used in the rule, but discarded with additional energy, especially in the arranged in the water / steam cycle capacitor.

So ist z.B. aus der Praxis ein Dampferzeuger ohne Zwischenüberhitzung und mit einem Turbosatz bekannt, bei welchem im Dampferzeuger aus einem angeschlossenen Wasser/Dampf-Kreislauf zugeführtes Speisewasser während des Anfahrvorganges oder Start-up-Prozesses des Dampferzeugers in Frischdampf umgewandelt wird, der dann in der Leitung des Wasser/Dampf-Kreislaufes zu einem Turbosatz geführt wird. Solange der Frischdampf aber nicht die Anforderungen der Turbosatzes in Bezug auf die dort für den Betrieb der Turbine notwendigen Dampfparameter Druck, Temperatur und Massenstrom erfüllt, wird der Frischdampf über eine Bypass-Leitung, einer sogenannte Hochdruck-Umleitstation, an dem Turbosatz vorbei und in den ebenfalls im Wasser/Dampf-Kreislauf angeordneten Kondensator eingeleitet. Im Kondensator kühlt der Frischdampf ab und kondensiert. Dabei wird die gesamte Kondensationswärme mittels zusätzlichen Energieaufwands verworfen. Andererseits ist dem Wasser/Dampf-Kreislauf eine sogenannte Hilfsdampfschiene zugeordnet, mit welcher daran angeordnete Verbraucher, wie beispielsweise der im Wasser/Dampf-Kreislauf angeordnete Speisewasserbehälter mit der Erwärmung des Speisewassers dienendem Dampf und dem dadurch übertragenen Energieeintrag versorgt werden können. Der in der Hilfsdampfschiene geführte Hilfsdampf wird in der Regel mittels eines öl- oder gasgefeuerten Hilfsdampferzeugers erzeugt.For example, e.g. from practice a steam generator without reheating and known with a turbo set, in which in the steam generator from a connected water / steam circuit supplied feed water is converted during the startup or start-up process of the steam generator in live steam, which then in the line of water / Steam cycle is led to a turbo set. As long as the live steam but does not meet the requirements of the turbo set in terms of there for the operation of the turbine steam parameters pressure, temperature and mass flow, the live steam via a bypass line, a so-called high-pressure Umleitstation, past the turbo set and in the also introduced in the water / steam cycle arranged capacitor. In the condenser, the live steam cools and condenses. The entire heat of condensation is discarded by means of additional energy. On the other hand, the water / steam cycle is associated with a so-called auxiliary steam rail, with which consumers arranged thereon, such as the arranged in the water / steam cycle feedwater tank can be supplied with the heating of the feedwater serving steam and the energy input thereby transmitted. The guided in the auxiliary steam rail auxiliary steam is usually generated by means of an oil or gas-fired auxiliary steam generator.

In ähnlicher Weise ist aus der Praxis auch ein Verfahren zur Dampferzeugung während eines Anfahrvorganges oder eines Start-up-Prozesses eines Dampferzeugers mit Zwischenüberhitzung des Dampfes und einem im zugeordneten Wasser/Dampf-Kreislauf angeordneten Turbosatz bekannt, der beispielsweise eine Hochdruckturbine und eine Mitteldruckturbine umfassen kann. Während des Anfahrvorganges oder eines Start-up-Prozesses wird in dem Dampferzeuger zunächst wieder Frischdampf erzeugt, der solange mittels einer Hochdruck-Umleitstation an der zugeordneten Hochdruckturbine vorbeigeleitet wird, bis er die für den Betrieb der Hochdruckturbine erforderlichen Dampfparameter in Bezug auf Druck, Temperatur und Massenstrom erreicht hat. Die Bypass-Leitung der Hochdruck-Umleitstation führt den an der Hochdruckturbine vorbeigeleiteten Frischdampf während dieser Zeit in die kalte Zwischenüberhitzer-Schiene des Wasser/Dampf-Kreislaufes, die den kalten Zwischenüberhitzerdampf einem im Dampferzeuger angeordneten Zwischenüberhitzer zuführt. In diesem Zwischenüberhitzer wird heißer Zwischenüberhitzerdampf erzeugt, der dann seinerseits der Mitteldruckturbine zugeführt wird. Allerdings wird auch hier der heiße Zwischenüberhitzerdampf solange mittels einer Niederdruck-Umleitstation mit zugeordneter Bypass-Leitung an der Mitteldruckturbine vorbei und dem Kondensator zugeführt, solange der heiße Zwischenüberhitzerdampf während des Anfahrvorganges und Start-up-Prozesses nicht die für den Betrieb der Mitteldruckturbine notwendigen Dampfparameter hinsichtlich Druck, Temperatur und Massenstrom erfüllt. Allerdings ist bei diesem Stand der Technik schon eine Nutzung des erzeugten kalten Zwischenüberhitzerdampfes dann vorgesehen, wenn die beim Anfahrvorgang erzeugte Frischdampfmenge ca. 15 % der ansonsten während des Betriebes üblicherweise erzeugten Frischdampfmenge erreicht hat. Ab Erreichen dieser Frischdampfmenge wird kalter Zwischenüberhitzerdampf sowohl einer dem Wasser/Dampf-Kreislauf zugeordneten Hilfsdampfschiene als auch der im Wasser/Dampf-Kreislauf angeordneten Hochdruckvorwärmung des Speisewassers zugeführt, so dass dadurch ein Teil des während des Anfahrvorganges des Dampferzeugers erzeugten Dampfes, und insbesondere dessen Energieinhalt, genutzt wird. Bei dem abgezweigten und der Hilfsdampfschiene sowie der Hochdruckvorwärmung zugeführten Dampfmenge handelt es sich allerdings nur um einen Teilstrom der der kalten Zwischenüberhitzerdampfmenge, so dass ein Großteil des produzierten Dampfes weiterhin dem Kondensator zugeführt sowie gekühlt wird und kondensiert. Dabei wird die gesamte Kondensationswärme mittels eines zusätzlichen Energieaufwandes verworfen. Bei dieser aus der Praxis bekannten Anlage lässt sich nur ein Teilstrom des erzeugten Dampfes der Hilfsdampfschiene und der Hochdruckvorwärmung zuordnen, da der restliche Dampf unbedingt den Dampferzeuger und hier die Rohre des Zwischenüberhitzer durchströmen muss, damit die Rohre nicht zu heiß, sondern durch das innenseitig strömende Medium während des Anfahrvorganges ausreichend gekühlt werden.Similarly, in practice, a method for generating steam during a start-up process or a start-up process of Steam generator with reheating of the steam and an associated water / steam cycle arranged turbine set, which may include, for example, a high-pressure turbine and a medium-pressure turbine. During the start-up process or a start-up process, steam is first generated again in the steam generator, which is guided past by means of a high-pressure Umleitstation at the associated high-pressure turbine until he required for the operation of the high-pressure turbine steam parameters in terms of pressure, temperature and Mass flow has reached. The bypass line of the high-pressure bypass station leads the live steam bypassing the high-pressure turbine during this time into the cold reheater rail of the water / steam circuit which supplies the cold reheater steam to a reheater arranged in the steam generator. In this reheater hot reheater steam is generated, which in turn is then fed to the medium-pressure turbine. However, here too the hot reheater steam is supplied to the intermediate-pressure turbine by means of a low-pressure diverter station with associated bypass line and fed to the condenser, as long as the hot reheater steam during the start-up and start-up process does not respect the steam parameters necessary for the operation of the medium-pressure turbine Pressure, temperature and mass flow met. However, in this prior art, use of the generated cold reheater steam is already provided when the amount of live steam generated during the starting process has reached approximately 15% of the amount of live steam normally generated during operation. From reaching this steam quantity cold reheater steam is supplied to both the auxiliary steam rail assigned to the water / steam circuit and the high pressure preheating of the feed water arranged in the water / steam circuit, thereby forming part of the steam generated during the starting process of the steam generator, and in particular its energy content , is being used. The branched and the auxiliary steam rail and the high-pressure preheating supplied amount of steam, however, is only a partial flow of the cold reheater steam amount, so that a large part of the produced steam is still fed to the condenser and cooled and condensed. there the entire heat of condensation is discarded by means of an additional energy input. In this system known from practice, only a partial flow of the generated steam can be assigned to the auxiliary steam rail and the high pressure preheating, since the remaining steam must necessarily flow through the steam generator and here the tubes of the reheater, so that the pipes are not too hot, but through the inside flowing Medium are sufficiently cooled during the starting process.

Nachteilig beim bekannten Stand der Technik ist es somit, dass ein Großteil der bei der Dampferzeugung erzeugten und im Dampf transportierten Wärmeenergie ungenutzt im Kondensator des Wasser/Dampf-Kreislaufes verworfen wird.A disadvantage of the known state of the art, therefore, is that a large part of the heat energy generated in the steam generation and transported in the steam is discarded unused in the condenser of the water / steam cycle.

Dies macht sich insbesondere dann in Form eines hohen Verbrauches an Hilfsbrennstoffen für die Erzeugung von Hilfsdampf für die Hilfsdampfschiene bemerkbar, wenn ein Dampfkraftwerk häufiger derartige Anfahrphasen oder Start-up-Prozesse durchlaufen muss, wie dies in jüngerer Zeit aufgrund der Vorrangschaltung für die Einspeisung von erneuerbarer Energie in das öffentliche Stromnetz der Fall ist.This manifests itself in particular in the form of a high consumption of auxiliary fuels for the generation of auxiliary steam for the auxiliary steam rail, if a steam power plant must undergo such startup phases or start-up processes more frequently, as has recently been due to the priority circuit for the feed of renewable Energy in the public grid is the case.

Ein gattungsgemäßes Verfahren und ein gattungsgemäßes Dampfkraftwerk sind aus der DE 44 47 044 C1 bekannt. Dieses Dokument offenbart ein Dampfkraftwerk, das einen Dampferzeuger mit einer Frischdampferzeugung und einer nachgeschalteten Zwischenüberhitzung aufweist. Während der Start- und Anfahrphase dieses Dampfkraftwerkes wird der aus einem Zwischenüberhitzer austretende heiße Zwischenüberhitzerdampf von Anfang an über eine Bypassleitung einer Niederdruckvorerwärmung zur Speisewasservorwärmung zugeführt. Sobald dann nach Ablauf einer gewissen Zeit genügend Dampf zur Verfügung steht, kann zudem eine Teildampfmenge des erzeugten Frischdampfes vor dem Zwischenüberhitzer abgezweigt und als Heizmedium einem Hochdruckvorerhitzer zur Speisewasservorwärmung zugeführt werden. Zudem ist vorgesehen, dass ein Teil des heißen Zwischenüberhitzerdampfes stromaufwärts eines im Wasser/Dampf-Kreislauf angeordneten Kondensators dem Wasser/Dampf-Kreislauf zugeführt wird. Aus der DE 44 32 960 C1 ist ein Dampfkraftwerk bekannt, bei dem beim Anfahren des Dampferzeugers der Dampf zum Teil oder vollständig unter Umgehung der Turbinenanlage der Kondensation zugeführt wird.A generic method and a generic steam power plant are from the DE 44 47 044 C1 known. This document discloses a steam power plant having a steam generator with fresh steam generation and a subsequent reheat. During the start and start-up phase of this steam power plant exiting from a reheater hot reheater steam is supplied from the beginning via a bypass line of a low-pressure preheating for feedwater pre-heating. As soon as a sufficient amount of steam is available after a certain time has elapsed, a partial steam quantity of the steam produced can be branched off upstream of the reheater and fed as heating medium to a high-pressure preheater for feedwater preheating. In addition, it is provided that a part of the hot reheater steam upstream of a arranged in the water / steam cycle condenser is supplied to the water / steam cycle. From the DE 44 32 960 C1 a steam power plant is known in which the steam is supplied during startup of the steam generator, the steam in part or completely, bypassing the turbine plant of the condensation.

Aus der DE 43 21 619 A1 ist ein Dampfkraftwerk bekannt, das einen Dampferzeuger mit einer Frischdampferzeugung ohne Zwischenüberhitzung offenbart. Dem Dampferzeuger ist eine Hilfsdampfschiene zugeordnet, deren Dampf für eine Speisewasservorwärmung genutzt wird, indem dieser dem Speisewasserbehälter zur Vorwärmung und Entgasung des Speisewassers zugeführt wird. Das Hilfsdampfsystem wird von dem während der Start- und Anfahrphase des Dampfkraftwerkes erzeugten Frischdampf gespeist. Zur Weiterentwicklung eines solchen Dampfkraftwerkes schlägt die DE 196 54 499 A1 vor, den während der Start- und Anfahrphase des Dampfkraftwerkes entstehenden Frischdampf einem der Hilfsdampfschiene zugeordneten Anfahrentspanner zuzuführen, aus welchem heraus dann bei entsprechenden Dampfparametern die Hilfsdampfschiene gespeist wird.From the DE 43 21 619 A1 a steam power plant is known which discloses a steam generator with a fresh steam generation without reheating. The steam generator is associated with an auxiliary steam rail whose steam is used for a feedwater pre-heating, by this is fed to the feedwater tank for preheating and degassing of the feedwater. The auxiliary steam system is fed by the live steam generated during the start and start phase of the steam power plant. For the further development of such a steam power plant proposes the DE 196 54 499 A1 to supply the live steam produced during the start and start phase of the steam power plant to a start-up release device associated with the auxiliary steam rail, from which the auxiliary steam rail is then fed with appropriate steam parameters.

Der Erfindung liegt daher die Aufgabe zugrunde, eine Lösung zu schaffen, die es ermöglicht, beim Anfahren eines der Stromerzeugung dienenden Dampfkraftwerks den Wärmeenergieinhalt des erzeugten Dampfes besser für eine Wärmerückintegration in den Wasser/Dampf-Kreislauf zur Speisewasservorwärmung zu nutzen sowie die beim Anfahren des Kraftwerkes entstehenden Wärmeenergieverluste weiter zu vermindern und den Anfahrvorgang zu verkürzen.The invention is therefore an object of the invention to provide a solution that makes it possible to better use the heat energy content of the steam generated when starting a power generating steam power plant for a heat back into the water / steam cycle for feedwater preheating and the startup of the power plant to further reduce the resulting heat energy losses and to shorten the starting process.

Bei einem Verfahren der eingangs näher bezeichneten Art wird diese Aufgabe erfindungsgemäß dadurch gelöst, dass während der Start- und Anfahrphase des Dampfkraftwerks bei einem Dampferzeuger ohne Zwischenüberhitzung aus im Wasser/Dampf-Kreislauf geführtem Speisewasser Frischdampf erzeugt und während eines Zeitraumes oder des jeweiligen Zeitraumes der Start- und Anfahrphase, in welcher der erzeugte Frischdampf die für einen Betrieb der im Wasser/Dampf-Kreislauf stromabwärts der Frischdampferzeugung angeordneten Turbine des Turbosatzes erforderlichen Dampfparameter nicht erfüllt, zunächst der im Dampferzeuger erzeugte Frischdampf unter Nutzung seines übertragbaren Wärmeenergieinhalts, insbesondere nahezu vollständig, einer Hochdruckvorwärmung oder der Hochdruckvorwärmung und der Hilfsdampfschiene zugeführt wird und dass während der Start- und Anfahrphase des Dampfkraftwerks bei einem Dampferzeuger mit Zwischenüberhitzung aus im Wasser/Dampf-Kreislauf geführtem Speisewasser Frischdampf und heißer Zwischenüberhitzerdampf erzeugt und während eines Zeitraumes oder des jeweiligen Zeitraumes der Start- und Anfahrphase, in welcher der erzeugte heiße Zwischenüberhitzerdampf die für einen Betrieb der im Wasser/Dampf-Kreislauf stromabwärts der heißen Zwischenüberhitzerdampf erzeugenden Zwischenüberhitzung angeordneten Turbine des Turbosatzes erforderlichen Dampfparameter nicht erfüllt, zunächst der im Dampferzeuger erzeugte heiße Zwischenüberhitzerdampf unter Nutzung seines übertragbaren Wärmeenergieinhalts, insbesondere nahezu vollständig, einer Hochdruckvorwärmung oder der Hochdruckvorwärmung und der Hilfsdampfschiene zugeführt wird.In a method of the type described in more detail, this object is achieved in that generated during the start and startup phase of the steam power plant in a steam generator without reheating from guided in the water / steam cycle feed water live steam and during a period or the respective period of the start - And start-up phase, in which the steam produced does not meet the steam required for operation of the water / steam cycle downstream of the fresh steam generator turbine of the turbo set steam parameters, first the steam generated in the steam generator using its transmittable heat energy content, in particular almost completely, a high pressure preheating or the high-pressure preheating and the auxiliary steam rail is supplied and that during the start and start-up phase of the steam power plant in a steam generator with reheat from in Water / steam circuit guided feed water produced live steam and hot reheater steam and during a period or the respective period of the start-up and start-up phase, in which the hot reheater steam generated arranged for operating in the water / steam cycle downstream of the hot reheater steam generating reheating Turbine of the turbo set required steam parameters is not met, first the hot reheater steam generated in the steam generator using its transmittable heat energy content, in particular almost completely, a high pressure preheating or the high pressure preheating and the auxiliary steam rail is supplied.

Bei einem Dampfkraftwerk der eingangs näher bezeichneten Art wird diese Aufgabe erfindungsgemäß dadurch gelöst, dass der Dampferzeuger ohne Zwischenüberhitzung stromabwärts des Dampferzeugers und stromaufwärts einer mit Frischdampf beaufschlagbaren Turbine, insbesondere Hochdruckturbine, des Turbosatzes eine Frischdampf vom Wasser/Dampf-Kreislauf abzweigende und zu der Hilfsdampfschiene und der Hochdruckvorwärmung führende Start-up-Bypassleitungsverbindung aufweist und dass der Dampferzeuger mit heißen Zwischenüberhitzerdampf erzeugender Zwischenüberhitzung stromabwärts einer mit Frischdampf beaufschlagbaren Hochdruckturbine und dem den heißen Zwischenüberhitzerdampf erzeugenden Zwischenüberhitzer sowie stromaufwärts einer mit dem heißen Zwischenüberhitzerdampf beaufschlagbaren Turbine, insbesondere Mitteldruckturbine, des Turbosatzes eine heißen Zwischenüberhitzerdampf vom Wasser/Dampf-Kreislauf abzweigende und zu der Hilfsdampfschiene und der Hochdruckvorwärmung führende Start-up-Bypassleitungsverbindung aufweist.In a steam power plant of the type described in more detail, this object is achieved in that the steam generator without reheating downstream of the steam generator and upstream of a steam can be acted upon with steam turbine, especially high-pressure turbine, the turbo set a live steam from the water / steam circuit branches off and to the auxiliary steam rail and the high pressure preheating leading start-up bypass line connection and that the steam generator with hot reheater steam generating reheater downstream of a steam can be applied with high-pressure turbine and the reheater superheater steam generating reheater and upstream of a hot reheater steam acted upon turbine, in particular medium-pressure turbine, the turbo set a hot reheater steam from Branch water / steam circuit and to the auxiliary steam rail and the high pressure preheating leading start-up bypass line connection.

Erfindungsgemäß ist also vorgesehen, dass der im Dampferzeuger erzeugte Frischdampf oder heiße Zwischenüberhitzerdampf nicht mehr einem Kondensator zugeführt oder nur teilweise genutzt, sondern insbesondere nahezu vollständig derart genutzt wird, dass sein übertragbarer Wärmeenergieinhalt an die Hochdruckvorwärmung oder die Hochdruckvorwärmung und die Hilfsdampfschiene übertragen und so an der Speisewasservorwärmung mittelbar oder unmittelbar dienende Vorrichtungen oder Einrichtungen und/oder an im Wasser/Dampf-Kreislauf und/oder an der Hilfsdampfschiene angeordnete Vorrichtungen oder Einrichtungen übertragen und so für eine Speisewasservorwärmung und/oder Dampfversorgung der Hilfsdampfschiene genutzt wird. Und zwar geschieht dies während des Anfahrvorganges und Start-up-Prozesses solange, wie der jeweils erzeugte Frischdampf und/oder der jeweils erzeugte Zwischenüberhitzerdampf noch nicht die notwendigen Dampfparameter in Bezug auf Druck, Temperatur und Dampfmassenstrom aufweist, die notwendig sind, um die dem jeweiligen Dampfzustand zugeordnete Turbine des im Wasser/Dampf-Kreislauf des Dampferzeugers angeordneten Turbosatzes betreiben zu können. Auf diese Weise wird der im Dampferzeuger beispielsweise durch die Verbrennung von fossilem Brennstoff erzeugte Wärmeenergieeintrag in den dort erzeugten Dampf, soweit er übertragbar ist, für eine Erwärmung des Speisewassers genutzt. Durch die Vorwärmung des Speisewassers wird der Brennstoffverbrauch im Dampferzeuger reduziert und wird zudem die Dauer des Anfahrvorganges und Start-up-Prozesses verkürzt. Zudem wird bei einer Einspeisung des erzeugten Frischdampfes oder heißen Zwischenüberhitzerdampfes in die Hilfsdampfschiene die noch notwendige Hilfsdampferzeugung durch öl- oder gasbefeuerte Hilfsdampferzeuger und hierdurch der Brennstoffverbrauch insgesamt reduziert. Von besonderem Vorteil ist es, dass die übertragbare Wärmeenergie des erzeugten Frischdampfs oder des erzeugten heißen Zwischenüberhitzerdampfes der Hochdruckvorwärmung zugeführt wird. Dies hat den Vorteil, dass im Vergleich zu einer Zuführung des heißen Zwischenüberhitzerdampfes zur Niederdruckvorwärmung in der Hochdruckvorwärmung sowohl der Speisewasserdruck als auch der Siedepunkt des Speisewassers höher liegen und durch die an dieser Stelle erfolgende Zuführung von heißem Zwischenüberhitzerdampf deutlich mehr Wärmeenergie in den Wasser/Dampf-Kreislauf zurückgeführt werden kann. Diese Maßnahme ist auch gegenüber der aus der DE 44 47 044 C1 bekannten Maßnahme, nach welcher eine Teilmenge des kalten Zwischenüberhitzerdampfes der Hochdruckvorerwärmung zugeführt wird, von Vorteil, da diese Teilmenge an kaltem Zwischenüberhitzerdampf erst zu einem späteren Zeitpunkt - ab ca. 15 % der Dampferzeugerlast - bereitgestellt werden kann. Zudem ist diese Maßnahme auf eine Teilmenge des erzeugten Dampfes beschränkt, da die Zwischenüberhitzerheizflächen der nachgeschalteten Zwischendampfüberhitzung durch den Dampf gekühlt werden müssen, wobei zudem der Dampferzeugerwirkungsgrad schlechter wird, da durch die Ableitung einer Teilmenge des kalten Zwischenüberhitzerdampfes die Rauchgastemperatur hinter den Zwischenüberhitzerheizflächen höher wird und dadurch die Abgastemperatur - was die Abfuhr von ungenutzter Wärmeenergie bedeutet - ansteigt.According to the invention, it is therefore provided that the steam produced in the steam generator or hot reheater steam is no longer supplied to a capacitor or only partially used, but in particular is almost completely used so that its transferable heat energy content to the high pressure preheating or the high pressure preheating and the auxiliary steam rail transmitted and so on the Feedwater heating indirectly or directly serving devices or devices and / or devices or devices arranged in the water / steam circuit and / or on the auxiliary steam rail, and thus being used for a feedwater preheating and / or steaming of the auxiliary steam rail. And this happens during the startup process and start-up process as long as the currently generated live steam and / or the respective reheater steam generated does not yet have the necessary steam parameters in terms of pressure, temperature and steam mass flow, which are necessary to those of the respective Steam turbine assigned to operate the arranged in the water / steam cycle of the steam generator turbo set. In this way, the heat energy input generated in the steam generator, for example, by the combustion of fossil fuel in the steam generated there, as far as it is transferable, used for heating the feed water. By preheating the feed water, the fuel consumption in the steam generator is reduced and also the duration of the start-up process and start-up process is shortened. In addition, the supply of steam generated by oil or gas-fired auxiliary steam generators and thereby the fuel consumption is reduced in total when feeding the produced steam or hot reheater steam into the auxiliary steam rail. It is particularly advantageous that the transferable heat energy of the generated live steam or the generated hot reheater steam is supplied to the high-pressure preheating. This has the advantage that compared to a supply of the hot reheater steam for low pressure preheating in the high pressure preheating both the feed water pressure and the boiling point of the feedwater are higher and by taking place at this point supply of hot reheater steam significantly more heat energy in the water / steam Cycle can be returned. This measure is also opposite to that from the DE 44 47 044 C1 known measure, after which a subset of the cold reheater steam is supplied to the high-pressure preheating advantageous because this subset of cold reheater steam until later - from about 15% of the steam generator load - can be provided. In addition, this measure is limited to a subset of the generated steam, as the Reheater heating surfaces of the downstream intermediate steam superheating must be cooled by the steam, in addition, the steam generator efficiency is worse because the discharge of a portion of the cold reheater steam, the flue gas temperature is higher behind the reheater and thereby the exhaust gas temperature - which means the removal of unused heat energy - increases.

Im Rahmen der vorliegenden Erfindung, welche durch Verfahrensanspruch 1 und Vorrichtungsanspruch 7 definiert ist, und der vorstehenden und nachstehenden Beschreibung soll also bei einem Dampferzeuger ohne Zwischenüberhitzung Frischdampf und bei einem Dampferzeuger mit Zwischenüberhitzung heißer Zwischenüberhitzerdampf der Hochdruckvorwärmung oder der Hochdruckvorwärmung und der Hilfsdampfschiene zugeführt werden. An der Hochdruckvorwärmung oder der Hilfsdampfschiene wird dann der in dem Frischdampf oder dem heißen Zwischenüberhitzerdampf vorhandene Wärmeenergieinhalt soweit möglich an die Hochdruckvorwärmung oder die Hilfsdampfschiene zur Nutzung überführt. Hierbei ist beabsichtigt, eine möglichst große Menge an Frischdampf oder heißem Zwischenüberhitzerdampf energetisch durch Nutzung der übertragbaren Wärmeinhalte einer Verwendung zuzuführen. Vorzugsweise würde man daher den Frischdampf oder den heißen Zwischenüberhitzerdampf vollständig der Hochdruckvorwärmung oder der Hilfsdampfschiene zur Nutzung der übertragbaren Wärmeenergieinhalten zuführen. Allerdings ist es so, dass bei allen Kraftwerken in Abhängigkeit von der Größe, der Bauweise und des jeweils aktuellen Temperaturzustandes des Turbosatzes des Kraftwerkes sowie der aktuellen Dampferzeugerlast zwischen 2 % bis 35 % der Frischdampf-Menge zur Vorwärmung des Turbosatzes und der dazugehörenden Rohrleitungen genutzt werden. Darüber hinaus können zur Vorwärmung des Turbosatzes neben der Frischdampfmenge auch heißer Zwischenüberhitzerdampf und Hilfsdampf Verwendung finden. Erfindungsgemäß ist daher vorgesehen, dass der bei dem jeweiligen Dampfkraftwerk erzeugte Frischdampf oder heiße Zwischenüberhitzerdampf natürlich ebenfalls auch zur Vorwärmung des Turbosatzes und der dazugehörigen Rohrleitungen Verwendung findet, aber - zumindest und insbesondere - der darüber hinausgehend erzeugte Frischdampf oder heiße Zwischenüberhitzerdampf mit dieser "Überschuss"-Teilmenge dann vollständig der Hochdruckvorwärmung oder der Hilfsdampfschiene zugeführt wird, sofern die Bypassleitungsverbindung diese Frischdampf- oder heiße Zwischenüberhitzerdampf-Menge vollständig aufnehmen kann. Erst dann, wenn die erzeugte Frischdampf- oder heiße Zwischenüberhitzerdampf-Menge größer als die für die Vorwärmung genutzte Menge und die Menge ist, die durch die Bypassleitungsverbindung aufgenommen werden kann, wird die jeweils verbleibende Überschussdampfmenge dem im Wasser/Dampf-Kreislauf angeordneten Kondensator zugeführt. In diesem vorstehend erläuterten Sinne ist im Zusammenhang mit der hier beschriebenen Erfindung die "insbesondere nahezu vollständige" Zuführung des Frischdampfes oder des heißen Zwischenüberhitzerdampfes zu der Hochdruckvorwärmung oder der Hochdruckvorwärmung und der Hilfsdampfschiene zu verstehen. Im gleichen Sinne wird dem Kondensator in dem Fall, dass die anstehende Frischdampf- oder heiße Zwischenüberhitzerdampf-Menge das jeweils aktuelle Aufnahme- und/oder Fördervermögen der Start-up-Bypassleitungsverbindung übersteigt, diese Dampfmenge zumindest teilweise zugeführt. Ein anderer Teil kann natürlich auch der Vorwärmung beispielsweise des Turbosatzes und der damit in Verbindung stehenden Rohrleitungen dienen.In the context of the present invention, which is defined by method claim 1 and apparatus claim 7, and the above and following description, hot steam and, in the case of a steam generator with reheat, hot steam reheater steam of high pressure preheat or high pressure preheat and the auxiliary steam rail are to be fed to a steam generator with reheat. At the high-pressure preheating or the auxiliary steam rail, the heat energy content present in the live steam or the hot reheater steam is then transferred as far as possible to the high-pressure preheating or the auxiliary steam rail for use. It is intended to supply a maximum amount of live steam or hot reheater steam energetically by using the transferable heat contents of a use. Preferably, therefore, one would supply the live steam or hot reheater steam completely to the high pressure preheat or auxiliary steam rail for use of the transferable thermal energy contents. However, it is the case that in all power plants depending on the size, construction and the respective current temperature condition of the turbine set of the power plant and the current steam generator load between 2% to 35% of the live steam quantity are used to preheat the turbine set and the associated piping , In addition, can be used for preheating the turbo set in addition to the live steam amount and hot reheater steam and auxiliary steam use. According to the invention, it is therefore provided that the live steam or hot reheater steam generated at the respective steam power plant is of course also used for preheating the turbo set and the associated pipelines, but - at least and in particular - the live steam produced additionally or hot reheater steam with this "excess". Subset then completely the high pressure preheating or Auxiliary steam rail is supplied, provided that the bypass line connection can fully absorb this live steam or hot reheater steam amount. Only when the produced steam or hot reheater steam quantity is greater than the amount used for the preheating and the amount that can be taken up by the bypass line connection, the respective remaining amount of excess steam is supplied to the condenser arranged in the water / steam cycle. In the sense described above, in connection with the invention described here, the "in particular almost complete" supply of the live steam or the hot reheater steam to the high-pressure preheating or the high-pressure preheating and the auxiliary steam rail is to be understood. In the same way, in the event that the pending live steam or hot reheater steam amount exceeds the current intake and / or transport capacity of the start-up by-pass line connection, the condenser is at least partially supplied with this amount of steam. Of course, another part can also be used for preheating, for example, the turbo set and the pipes connected thereto.

Um bei der Erzeugung von heißem Zwischenüberhitzerdampf sicherzustellen, dass dem Zwischenüberhitzer während des Anfahrvorganges eine ausreichende Dampfmenge zugeführt wird, die notwendig ist, um eine ausreichende Kühlung derartiger Heizflächen des Dampferzeugers sicherzustellen, ist es zweckmäßig, dass der Zwischenüberhitzerdampf ausschließlich stromabwärts des Dampferzeugers als heißer Zwischenüberhitzerdampf vom Wasser/Dampf-Kreislauf abgezweigt und für die Speisewasservorwärmung genutzt wird.In order to ensure in the production of hot reheater steam that the reheater during startup sufficient amount of steam is supplied, which is necessary to ensure sufficient cooling of such heating surfaces of the steam generator, it is appropriate that the reheater steam exclusively downstream of the steam generator as a hot reheater steam from Water / steam cycle is diverted and used for the feedwater pre-heating.

Die erfindungsgemäße Nutzung der, vorzugsweise gesamten, übertragbaren Wärmeenergie und Wärmenergiemenge des im Dampferzeuger erzeugten Frischdampfes und/oder Zwischenüberhitzerdampfes lässt sich insbesondere dann vorteilhaft für eine Speisewasservorwärmung nutzen, wenn die Dampfzuführung zur Speisewasservorwärmung mittels einer Start-up-Bypassleitungsverbindung erfolgt. Die Erfindung sieht daher in weiterer Ausgestaltung des Verfahrens vor, dass eine, insbesondere die gesamte, im Dampferzeuger ohne Zwischenüberhitzung erzeugte Menge an Frischdampf stromabwärts des Dampferzeugers und stromaufwärts der mit Frischdampf beaufschlagbaren Turbine, insbesondere Hochdruckturbine, des Turbosatzes zunächst mittels einer vom Wasser/Dampf-Kreislauf abzweigenden Start-up-Bypassleitungsverbindung, insbesondere nahezu vollständig, der Hilfsdampfschiene und/oder der Hochdruckvorwärmung zugeführt wird.
Ebenso ist es gemäß Ausgestaltung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens zweckmäßig, wenn eine, insbesondere die gesamte, im Dampferzeuger mit heißen Zwischenüberhitzerdampf erzeugender Zwischenüberhitzung erzeugte Menge an heißem Zwischenüberhitzerdampf stromabwärts einer mit Frischdampf beaufschlagbaren Hochdruckturbine und dem den heißen Zwischenüberhitzerdampf erzeugenden Zwischenüberhitzer sowie stromaufwärts der mit dem heißen Zwischenüberhitzerdampf beaufschlagbaren Turbine, insbesondere Mitteldruckturbine, des Turbosatzes zunächst mittels einer vom Wasser/Dampf-Kreislauf abzweigenden Start-up-Bypassleitungsverbindung, insbesondere nahezu vollständig, der Hilfsdampfschiene und/oder der Hochdruckvorwärmung zugeführt wird.
The inventive use of, preferably total, transmittable heat energy and heat energy of the steam produced in the steam generator and / or reheater steam can be used particularly advantageous for a feedwater, when the steam supply for feedwater preheating by means of a start-up bypass line connection. The invention therefore provides in a further embodiment of the method that one, in particular the entire, produced in the steam generator without reheating amount of live steam downstream of the steam generator and upstream of the turbine can be acted upon with live steam, in particular high pressure turbine, the turbo set initially by means of a branching off from the water / steam circuit start-up bypass line connection, in particular almost completely, the auxiliary steam rail and / or the high pressure preheating is supplied.
Likewise, it is expedient according to the embodiment of the method according to the invention if one, in particular the entire, generated in the steam generator with hot reheater steam reheating amount of hot reheater steam downstream of a steam can be acted upon with high-pressure turbine and the reheater superheater steam generating reheater and upstream acted upon by the hot reheater steam Turbine, in particular medium-pressure turbine, the turbo set is first supplied by means of a branching off from the water / steam cycle start-up bypass line connection, in particular almost completely, the auxiliary steam rail and / or the high-pressure preheating.

Bei einem Dampferzeuger ohne heiße Zwischenüberhitzerdampferzeugung und mit Turbosatz wird der Frischdampf demnach stromabwärts des Dampferzeugers und stromaufwärts einer mit Frischdampf beaufschlagbaren Turbine der Start-up-Bypassleitungsverbindung zugeführt. Bei einem Dampferzeuger mit heißer Zwischenüberhitzerdampferzeugung und mit Turbosatz wird der heiße Zwischenüberhitzerdampf demnach stromabwärts einer mit Frischdampf beaufschlagbaren Hochdruckturbine und dem den heißen Zwischenüberhitzerdampf erzeugenden Zwischenüberhitzer sowie stromaufwärts einer mit heißem Zwischenüberhitzerdampf beaufschlagbaren Turbine, insbesondere Mitteldruckturbine, der Start-up-Bypassleitungsverbindung zugeführt.In a steam generator without hot reheater steam generation and with turbo set, the live steam is therefore fed downstream of the steam generator and upstream of a steamable turbine with the start-up bypass line connection. In a steam generator with hot reheater steam generation and with turboset, the hot reheater steam is thus fed downstream of a live steam superheamer and the reheater superheater steam producing reheater and upstream of a hot reheater steam impingable turbine, particularly mid-pressure turbine, to the start-up bypass line connection.

Eine solche Start-up-Bypassleitungsverbindung lässt sich zudem zweckmäßiger Weise dazu nutzen, den zugeführten Frischdampf oder den zugeführten heißen Zwischenüberhitzerdampf derart zu konditionieren, dass er bezüglich seines Druckes, seiner Temperatur und des Dampfmassenstromes an die an die Start-up-Bypassleitungsverbindung angeschlossenen Verbraucher, wie beispielsweise die Hochdruckvorwärmung, die im Wasser/Dampf-Kreislauf des dem Dampferzeuger zugeordneten Wasser/Dampf-Kreislaufs angeordnet ist, oder die Hilfsdampfschiene derart angepasst ist, dass die von diesen in Bezug auf die Dampfparameter gestellten Anforderungen erfüllt sind. Die Erfindung zeichnet sich in Weiterbildung daher auch dadurch aus, der Frischdampf und/oder der heiße Zwischenüberhitzerdampf in der Start-up-Bypassleitungsverbindung bezüglich seiner Dampfparameter Druck und Temperatur sowie seines Massenstrom an die Anforderungen der an die Start-up-Bypassleitungsverbindung angeschlossenen Dampfverbraucher Hilfsdampfschiene und/oder Hochdruckvorwärmung angepasst wird.Such a start-up bypass line connection can also be conveniently used to condition the supplied live steam or the supplied hot reheater steam in such a way that with respect to its pressure, its temperature and the steam mass flow to the consumers connected to the start-up bypass line connection, such as the high pressure preheating, in the water / steam cycle of the Steam generator associated water / steam cycle is arranged, or the auxiliary steam rail is adapted such that the requirements imposed by these with respect to the steam parameters are met. The invention is characterized in development therefore also by the live steam and / or hot reheater steam in the start-up bypass line connection with respect to its steam pressure and temperature parameters and its mass flow to the requirements of the connected to the start-up bypass line connection steam consumer auxiliary steam rail and / or high pressure preheating is adjusted.

Auch bei diesen Ausführungsformen ist es zweckmäßig, wenn der Zwischenüberhitzerdampf ausschließlich stromabwärts des Dampferzeugers als heißer Zwischenüberhitzerdampf der Start-up-Bypassleitungsverbindung zugeführt wird.In these embodiments, too, it is expedient if the reheater steam is fed to the start-up bypass line connection exclusively downstream of the steam generator as a hot reheater steam.

Da es bei entsprechender Auslegung der Kapazitäten des Dampferzeugers und der Start-up- Bypassleitungsverbindung durchaus sein kann, dass gegebenenfalls gegen Ende des Anfahrvorganges die erzeugte Dampfmenge größer ist, als die in der Start-up-Bypassleitungsverbindung insgesamt förderbare Dampfmenge, ist für diesen Fall auch die Möglichkeit vorgesehen, den erzeugten Dampf dem im Wasser/Dampf-Kreislauf des Dampferzeugers angeordneten Kondensator zuzuführen. Die Erfindung sieht daher auch vor, dass ausschließlich der Teil der in dem Dampferzeuger während der jeweiligen Start- und Anfahrphase des Dampfkraftwerks erzeugten Frischdampf- oder heißen Zwischenüberhitzerdampfmenge einem im Wasser/Dampf-Kreislauf angeordneten Kondensator zugeführt wird, welcher das jeweils aktuelle Aufnahme- und/oder Fördervermögen der Start-up-Bypassleitungsverbindung übersteigt.Since, with a corresponding design of the capacities of the steam generator and the start-up bypass line connection may well be that possibly towards the end of the startup process, the amount of steam generated is greater than the total amount of steam in the start-up bypass line connection, is for this case also provided the possibility to supply the generated steam to the arranged in the water / steam cycle of the steam generator capacitor. The invention therefore also provides that only the part of the live steam or hot reheater steam quantity generated in the steam generator during the respective start and start phase of the steam power plant is supplied to a condenser arranged in the water / steam circuit, which concretely controls the current intake and / or or conveying capacity exceeds the start-up bypass line connection.

Für den Übergang vom Anfahrvorgang oder Start-up-Prozess hin zum Normalbetriebszustandes des Dampferzeugers sieht die Erfindung weiterhin vor, dass bei Annäherung an die oder Erreichen der für den Betrieb einer zugeordneten Turbine des Turbosatzes erforderlichen Dampfparameter im Frischdampf oder im heißen Zwischenüberhitzerdampf dessen/deren Zuführung zur Start-up-Bypassleitungsverbindung zurückgefahren und die Start-up-Bypassleitungsverbindung geschlossen sowie der Frischdampf oder der heiße Zwischenüberhitzerdampf der jeweils zugeordneten Turbine des Turbosatzes zugeleitet wird.For the transition from starting or start-up process to the normal operating state of the steam generator, the invention further provides that when approaching or reaching the required for the operation of an associated turbine of the turbo set steam parameters in live steam or in the hot reheater steam whose / their supply returned to the start-up bypass line connection and closed the start-up bypass line connection and the live steam or the hot Reheater steam is supplied to the respective associated turbine of the turbo set.

In analoger Weise zum erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren zeichnet sich auch das Dampfkraftwerk in weiterer Ausgestaltung der Erfindung dadurch aus, dass in der Start-up-Bypassleitungsverbindung eine den zugeführten Frischdampf oder den zugeführten heißen Zwischenüberhitzerdampf an die von den an Endbereichen der Start-up-Bypassleitungsverbindung angeschlossenen Verbrauchern Hilfsdampfschiene und Hochdruckvorwärmung benötigten Dampfparameter anpassende Dampfkonditioniervorrichtung angeordnet ist. Bei der Dampfkonditioniervorrichtung handelt es sich insbesondere um eine Dampfreduzierstation.In a manner analogous to the method according to the invention, the steam power plant in a further embodiment of the invention is characterized in that in the start-up bypass line connection, a live steam supplied or the hot reheater steam supplied to the consumers connected to end regions of the start-up bypass line connection Auxiliary steam rail and high pressure preheating required steam parameters adjusting steam conditioning device is arranged. The steam conditioning device is in particular a steam reduction station.

Schließlich zeichnet sich das erfindungsgemäße Dampfkraftwerk in Weiterbildung noch dadurch aus, dass die Hilfsdampfschiene mit einem Speisewasserbehälter, einem Dampf-Luftvorwärmer des Dampferzeugers und der Hochdruckturbine des Turbosatzes in Leitungsverbindung steht.Finally, the steam power plant according to the invention is further characterized in that the auxiliary steam rail is in line connection with a feed water tank, a steam air preheater of the steam generator and the high-pressure turbine of the turbo set.

Die Erfindung ist nachstehend anhand einer Zeichnung beispielhaft näher erläutert. Diese zeigt in

Fig. 1
in schematischer Prinzipdarstellung ein erfindungsgemäßes Ausführungsbeispiel eines Dampferzeugers ohne Zwischenüberhitzung des Dampfes mit einem im angeschlossenen Wasser/Dampf-Kreislauf zugeordnet angeordneten Turbosatz und in
Fig. 2
in ebenfalls schematischer Prinzipdarstellung ein alternatives erfindungsgemäßes Ausführungsbeispiel eines Dampferzeugers mit Zwischenüberhitzung des Dampfes und einem im angeschlossenen Wasser/Dampf-Kreislauf zugeordnet angeordneten Turbosatz.
The invention is explained in more detail below by way of example with reference to a drawing. This shows in
Fig. 1
in schematic schematic representation of an inventive embodiment of a steam generator without reheating the steam with an associated water / steam cycle arranged turbo set and in
Fig. 2
in a likewise schematic schematic representation of an alternative embodiment according to the invention of a steam generator with reheating of the steam and an associated in the connected water / steam circuit arranged turbo set.

Die Figur 1 zeigt in einer schematischen Übersichtsdarstellung einen Dampferzeuger 1 eines Dampfkraftwerkes mit angeschlossenem Wasser/Dampf-Kreislauf 2. In dem Wasser/Dampf-Kreislauf 2 ist eine Hochdruckturbine 3 angeordnet, welcher in dem Dampferzeuger 1 erzeugter Frischdampf 4 (FD) zuführbar ist.The FIG. 1 shows a schematic overview of a steam generator 1 of a steam power plant with connected water / steam cycle 2. In the water / steam cycle 2 is a high-pressure turbine. 3 arranged, which in the steam generator 1 generated live steam 4 (FD) can be fed.

Ausgangsseitig der Hochdruckturbine 3 mündet der Wasser/Dampf-Kreislauf 2 in einen Kondensator 5 ein. Um die Hochdruckturbine 3 herum führt eine eine Hochdruck-Umleitstation 6 (HDU) aufweisende Bypassleitung 7, die ebenfalls in den Kondensator 5 einmündet. In dem Kondensator 5 wird der Dampf kondensiert und dann im Wasser/Dampf-Kreislauf 2 mittels einer Niederdruckpumpe 8 einer Niederdruckvorwärmung 9 und einem Speisewasserbehälter 10 zugeführt. Vom Speisewasserbehälter 10 wird das Speisewasser mittels einer Speisewasserpumpe 11 im Wasser/Dampf-Kreislauf 2 einer Hochdruckvorwärmung 12 zugeführt, von welcher das Speisewasser dann dem Dampferzeuger 1 zugeführt wird. Dem Wasser/Dampf-Kreislauf 2 ist eine Hilfsdampf führende Hilfsdampfschiene 13 zugeordnet, der beim Anfahren in der Regel mittels eines öl- oder gasbefeuerten Hilfsdampferzeugers 14 erzeugter Dampf zugeführt wird. Mithilfe des in der Hilfsdampfschiene 13 geführten Dampfes kann dem Speisewasserbehälter 10, dem Dampf-Luftvorwärmer 26 des Dampferzeugers 1 sowie der Hochdruckturbine 3 Dampf entweder als Sperrdampf oder zur Ausnutzung des im Dampf enthaltenen Wärmeinhaltes zugeführt werden. In der durch die Pfeile 15 angedeuteten Strömungsrichtung des Wasser/Dampf-Kreislaufes 2 gesehen stromabwärts der Frischdampferzeugung 19 im Dampferzeuger 1 und stromaufwärts der Turbine 3 zweigt vom Wasser/Dampf-Kreislauf 2 eine Start-up-Bypassleitungsverbindung 16 ab, die mit einem Endbereich 16a in den Hochdruckvorwärmer 12 einmündet und mit einem anderen Endbereich 16b in die Hilfsdampfschiene 13 einmündet. Die Hilfsdampfschiene 13 ihrerseits ist über eine Leitungsverbindung 17 mit dem Speisewasserbehälter 10 in diesen mit Dampf beaufschlagbarer Weise verbunden.On the output side of the high-pressure turbine 3, the water / steam circuit 2 opens into a condenser 5. Around the high-pressure turbine 3 leads around a high pressure bypass station 6 (HDU) having bypass line 7, which also opens into the condenser 5. In the condenser 5, the steam is condensed and then supplied in the water / steam circuit 2 by means of a low-pressure pump 8 a Niederdruckvorwärmung 9 and a feedwater tank 10. From the feedwater tank 10, the feedwater is supplied by means of a feedwater pump 11 in the water / steam cycle 2 of a high-pressure preheating 12, from which the feedwater is then fed to the steam generator 1. The water / steam circuit 2 is associated with an auxiliary steam-carrying auxiliary steam rail 13, which is supplied when starting usually by means of an oil or gas-fired auxiliary steam generator 14 steam generated. By means of the guided in the auxiliary steam rail steam 13, the feed water tank 10, the steam air preheater 26 of the steam generator 1 and the high-pressure turbine 3 steam either as a sealing steam or for the utilization of the heat content contained in the steam can be supplied. In the direction indicated by the arrows 15 flow direction of the water / steam circuit 2 downstream of the fresh steam generation 19 in the steam generator 1 and upstream of the turbine 3 branches off from the water / steam circuit 2 from a start-up bypass line 16 from which an end portion 16 a enters the high-pressure preheater 12 and opens into the auxiliary steam rail 13 with another end region 16b. The auxiliary steam rail 13 in turn is connected via a line connection 17 to the feedwater tank 10 in this steam-acted manner.

Während des Anfahrvorganges eines diese Ausgestaltung einer Dampferzeugung ohne Zwischenüberhitzung des Dampfes mit einem im Wasser/Dampf-Kreislauf 2 angeordneten Turbosatz 3a aufweisenden Dampfkraftwerks wird während der Start- und Anfahrphase des Dampferzeugers 1 zugeführtes Speisewasser im Dampferzeuger 1 zu Frischdampf 4 (FD) umgewandelt. Solange der erzeugte Frischdampf 4 nicht die Anforderungen des Turbosatzes 3a, insbesondere der Hochdruckturbine 3, hinsichtlich der für dessen/deren Betrieb notwendigen Dampfparameter Dampfdruck, Dampftemperatur und Dampfmassenstrom erfüllt, wird der Frischdampf 4 durch die Start-up-Bypassverbindungsleitung 16 der Hilfsdampfschiene 13 sowie der Hochdruckvorwärmung 12 zugeführt. In der Start-up-Bypassverbindungsleitung 16 ist eine Dampfkonditioniervorrichtung 18 in Form einer Dampfreduzierstation angeordnet und ausgebildet, mit welcher der zugeführte Frischdampf 4 an die von den an die Start-up-Bypassverbindungsleitung 16 unmittelbar oder mittelbar angeschlossenen Verbraucher hinsichtlich der benötigten Dampfparameter gestellten Anforderungen angepasst wird. Im Ausführungsbeispiel nach der Figur 1 wird der der Start-up-Bypassverbindungsleitung 16 zugeführte Frischdampf 4 für die Vorwärmung des Speisewassers eingesetzt und diesbezüglich über den Leitungsteil 16b der Hilfsdampfschiene 13 und von dort über die Leitung 17 dem Speisewasserbehälter 10 sowie über den Leitungsteil 16a der Hochdruckvorwärmung 12 zugeführt. Wenn während der Start- und Anfahrphase des Dampferzeugers 1 die erzeugte Frischdampfmenge 4 das Fassungsvermögen oder Fördervolumen der Start-up-Bypassverbindungsleitung 16 übersteigt, wird der überschüssige Frischdampfanteil der Bypassleitung 7 und der Hochdruck-Umleitstation 6 zugeführt und danach in den Kondensator 5 eingeleitet.During the startup of this embodiment of a steam generation without reheating of the steam with a arranged in the water / steam cycle 2 turbine set 3a having steam power plant 1 fed feed water in the steam generator 1 is converted into live steam 4 (FD) during the start and start phase of the steam generator. As long as the generated Fresh steam 4 does not meet the requirements of the turbo set 3a, in particular the high-pressure turbine 3, with respect to the necessary for its operation steam parameters steam pressure, steam temperature and steam mass flow, the live steam 4 through the start-up bypass connection line 16 of the auxiliary steam rail 13 and the high pressure preheating 12 is supplied , In the start-up bypass connection line 16, a steam conditioning device 18 is arranged and configured in the form of a steam reduction station, with which the supplied live steam 4 adapted to the demands made by the consumers directly or indirectly connected to the start-up bypass connection line 16 with respect to the required steam parameters becomes. In the embodiment of the FIG. 1 the steam 4 supplied to the start-up bypass connection line 16 is used for the preheating of the feed water and in this respect via the line part 16b of the auxiliary steam rail 13 and from there via the line 17 to the feedwater tank 10 and via the line part 16a of the high pressure preheating 12. If, during the start and start-up phase of the steam generator 1, the steam quantity 4 produced exceeds the capacity or delivery volume of the start-up bypass connection line 16, the excess live steam portion is fed to the bypass line 7 and the high-pressure bypass station 6 and then introduced into the condenser 5.

Die Ausführungsform nach der Figur 2 unterscheidet sich von der nach der Figur 1 dadurch, dass hier der Dampferzeuger 1a neben der Frischdampferzeugung 19 auch eine heißen Zwischenüberhitzerdampf 20 (HZÜ) erzeugende Zwischenüberhitzung 21 umfasst. Außerdem umfasst der im Wasser/Dampf-Kreislauf 2 angeordnete Turbosatz 3b eine Hochdruckturbine 3 und eine Mitteldruckturbine 22. Bei diesem Ausführungsbeispiel wird der Frischdampf 4 während der Start- und Anfahrphase des Dampferzeugers 1 über die Bypassleitung 7 solange an der Hochdruckturbine 3 vorbeigeleitet, wie die Dampfparameter des Frischdampfes 4 deren Betrieb nicht zulassen. Die Bypassleitung 7 mündet in einen sogenannten kalten Zwischenüberhitzerabschnitt 2a des Wasser/Dampf-Kreislaufes 2 ein, welcher kalten Zwischenüberhitzerdampf 4 der Zwischenüberhitzung 21 zuführt, mittels welcher in dem Dampferzeuger 1a heißer Zwischenüberhitzerdampf 20 (HZÜ) erzeugt wird. In diesem Ausführungsbeispiel zweigt die Start-up-Bypassverbindungsleitung 16 in Strömungsrichtung 15 des Wasser/Dampf-Kreislaufes 2 stromabwärts der Zwischenüberhitzung 21 und stromaufwärts der Mitteldruckturbine 22 von dem Wasser/Dampf-Kreislauf 2 ab und mündet mit ihren Enden 16b und 16a ebenfalls in der Hilfsdampfschiene 13 und in der Hochdruckvorwärmung 12. Auch ist in der Start-up-Bypassverbindungsleitung 16 eine Dampfkonditioniervorrichtung 18 in Form einer Dampfreduzierstation angeordnet. Die Mitteldruckturbine 22 ist mittels einer zweiten Bypassleitung 23 umgehbar, in welcher eine Niederdruck-Umleitstation 24 (NDU) angeordnet ist. Sowohl die zweite Bypassleitung 23 als auch der Ausgang der Mitteldruckturbine 22 münden in den Kondensator 5 ein. Die übrigen Elemente entsprechen denen der Ausführungsform nach der Figur 1 und sind auch mit denselben Bezugszeichen versehen. Bei dem mit dem Dampferzeuger 1a nach der Ausführungsform der Figur 2 ausgestatteten Dampfkraftwerk wird während der Start- und Anfahrphase des Dampferzeugers 1a im Hochdruckteil 19a des Dampferzeugers 1a Frischdampf 4 (FD) erzeugt. Solange dieser Frischdampf 4 nicht die Anforderungen der Hochdruckturbine 3 an die notwendigen Dampfparameter Druck, Temperatur und Dampfmassenstrom erfüllt, wird der Frischdampf 4 über die Bypassleitung 7 mit der Hochdruck-Umleitstation 6 nahezu vollständig in die kalte Zwischenüberhitzerschiene 2a (KZÜ) eingeleitet (kleine Dampfmengen werden für die Vorwärmung der Frischdampf-Leitung und der Turbine(n) verwendet). Der Dampf wird dann der Zwischenüberhitzung 21 im Dampferzeuger 1a zugeführt und es wird heißer Zwischenüberhitzerdampf 20 erzeugt. Dieser heiße Zwischenüberhitzerdampf 20 wird dann, solange er nicht die von der Mitteldruckturbine 22 für deren dauerhaften Betrieb notwendigen Dampfparameter, nämlich Dampfdruck, Dampftemperatur und Dampfmassenstrom, erfüllt, nahezu vollständig der Start-up-Bypassverbindungsleitung 16 zugeführt und hier mittels der Dampfkonditioniervorrichtung 18 an die an den Enden/Endbereichen 16a und 16b angeschlossenen Verbraucher bezüglich der dort benötigten Dampfparameter angepasst. Der heiße Zwischenüberhitzerdampf 20 wird demnach über das Ende 16a der Hochdruckvorwärmung 12 und mittels des Endes 16b der Hilfsdampfschiene 13 und von dort über die Leitung 17 dem Speisewasserbehälter 10 zugeführt, so dass der heiße Zwischenüberhitzerdampf 20 für die Speisewasservorwärmung genutzt wird. Sollte während der Start- und Anfahrphase des Dampferzeugers 1a die darin produzierte heiße Zwischenüberhitzerdampfmenge größer sein als die, die durch die Start-up-Bypassverbindungsleitung 16 förderbar ist, wird die überschüssige Zwischenüberhitzerdampfmenge der zweiten Bypassleitung 23 und der darin angeordneten Niederdruck-Umleitstation 24 zugeführt. Erst wenn der in der Zwischenüberhitzung 21 des Dampferzeugers 1a erzeugte heiße Zwischenüberhitzerdampf 20 solche Dampfparameter aufweist, dass damit die Mitteldruckturbine 22 ausreichend betriebssicher betrieben werden kann, wird die Start-up-Bypassverbindungsleitung 16 geschlossen und wird der erzeugte heiße Zwischenüberhitzerdampf 20 der Mitteldruckturbine 22 zugeführt. In analoger Weise wird der erzeugte Frischdampf 4 dann, wenn er die für einen dauerhaften Betrieb der Hochdruckturbine 3 notwendigen Betriebsparameter aufweist, über die Hochdruckturbine 3 geleitet.The embodiment of the FIG. 2 is different from the after FIG. 1 characterized in that here the steam generator 1a in addition to the fresh steam generation 19 and a hot reheater steam 20 (HZÜ) generating reheatening 21 includes. In addition, the turbine set 3b arranged in the water / steam cycle 2 comprises a high-pressure turbine 3 and a medium-pressure turbine 22. In this exemplary embodiment, the live steam 4 is guided past the high-pressure turbine 3 during the start and start-up phase of the steam generator 1 via the bypass line 7, as in FIG Steam parameters of the live steam 4 do not allow their operation. The bypass line 7 opens into a so-called cold reheater section 2 a of the water / steam circuit 2, which cold reheater steam 4 the reheatening 21, by means of which in the steam generator 1 a hot reheater steam 20 (HZÜ) is generated. In this Embodiment branches off the start-up bypass connection line 16 in the flow direction 15 of the water / steam cycle 2 downstream of the reheat 21 and upstream of the medium-pressure turbine 22 from the water / steam circuit 2 and ends with their ends 16 b and 16 a also in the auxiliary steam rail thirteenth and in the high-pressure preheating 12. Also in the start-up bypass connection line 16, a steam conditioning device 18 is arranged in the form of a Dampfreduzierstation. The medium-pressure turbine 22 can be bypassed by means of a second bypass line 23, in which a low-pressure bypass station 24 (NDU) is arranged. Both the second bypass line 23 and the output of the medium-pressure turbine 22 open into the condenser 5. The other elements correspond to those of the embodiment according to the FIG. 1 and are also provided with the same reference numerals. In the case of the steam generator 1a according to the embodiment of the FIG. 2 equipped steam power plant is generated during the start and start-up phase of the steam generator 1a in the high pressure part 19a of the steam generator 1a live steam 4 (FD). As long as this live steam 4 does not meet the requirements of the high-pressure turbine 3 to the necessary steam parameters pressure, temperature and steam mass flow, the live steam 4 is almost completely introduced via the bypass line 7 with the high-pressure Umleitstation 6 in the cold reheater rail 2a (KZÜ) (small amounts of steam used for preheating the live steam line and the turbine (s)). The steam is then fed to the reheat 21 in the steam generator 1a and hot reheater steam 20 is generated. This hot reheater steam 20 is then, as long as he does not meet the steam parameters required by the medium pressure turbine 22 for their permanent operation, namely steam pressure, steam temperature and steam mass flow, almost completely fed to the start-up bypass connection line 16 and here by means of the steam conditioning 18 to the The consumers connected to the end / end regions 16a and 16b are adapted with regard to the steam parameters required there. The hot reheater steam 20 is thus supplied via the end 16a of the high-pressure preheating 12 and by means of the end 16b of the auxiliary steam rail 13 and from there via the line 17 to the feedwater tank 10 so that the hot reheater steam 20 is used for the feedwater preheating. Should be during the start and Start-up phase of the steam generator 1a, the hot reheater steam quantity produced therein is greater than that which can be conveyed through the start-up bypass connection line 16, the excess reheater steam quantity is supplied to the second bypass line 23 and the low-pressure bypass station 24 arranged therein. Only when the hot reheater steam 20 generated in the reheater 21 of the steam generator 1a has such steam parameters that the medium-pressure turbine 22 can be operated sufficiently reliably, the start-up bypass connection line 16 is closed and the generated hot reheater steam 20 of the intermediate-pressure turbine 22 is supplied. In an analogous manner, the live steam 4 produced, if it has the necessary for a permanent operation of the high-pressure turbine 3 operating parameters, passed through the high-pressure turbine 3.

In analoger Weise wird beim Ausführungsbeispiel nach der Figur 1 der dort erzeugte Frischdampf 4 dann nicht mehr in die dortige Start-up-Bypassverbindungsleitung 16 eingeleitet, wenn der Frischdampf 4 die Dampfparameter aufweist, die für den dauerhaften Betrieb der dortigen Hochdruckturbine 3 bzw. den Turbosatz 3a notwendig sind.In an analogous manner, in the embodiment of the FIG. 1 the live steam 4 produced there is then no longer introduced into the local start-up bypass connection line 16 when the live steam 4 has the steam parameters which are necessary for the permanent operation of the local high-pressure turbine 3 or the turbine set 3a.

Mit den in den Figuren 1 und 2 dargestellten Anlagebestandteilen eines Dampfkraftwerkes lässt sich während der Start- und Anfahrphase des Dampferzeugers 1 oder 1a während des Zeitraums der Start- und Anfahrphase, in welcher der erzeugte Frischdampf 4 (FD) und/oder der heiße Zwischenüberhitzerdampf 20 (HZÜ) die für einen Betrieb der im Wasser/Dampf-Kreislauf 2 stromabwärts der Frischdampferzeugung 19, 19a und/oder der heißen Zwischenüberhitzerdampferzeugung 21 angeordneten Turbinen 3, 22 erforderlichen Dampfparameter nicht erfüllt/erfüllen, zunächst vorzugsweise die gesamte übertragbare im Frischdampf 4 oder heißen Zwischenüberhitzerdampf 20 enthaltene Wärmenergie für eine Speisewasservorwärmung nutzen. Bei einem kohlebefeuerten Dampferzeuger 1, 1a eines Dampfkraftwerks der 800 MW-Klasse dauert diese Start- oder Anfahrphase zwischen 30 und 200 Minuten. Nach einer solchen Zeitspanne während des Anfahrvorganges oder des Start-up-Prozesses der Dampferzeuger 1 oder 1a befindet sich der Frischdampf 4 dann üblicherweise in einem Druck- und Temperaturbereich von ca. 110 bar und 450°C, der ausreicht, um die Hochdruckturbine 3 damit dauerhaft betreiben zu können. Während dieser Start- und Anfahrphase wird vorzugsweise der gesamte erzeugte Frischdampf 4 bei dem Dampferzeuger 1 ohne Zwischenüberhitzung nach der Figur 1 und wird vorzugsweise der gesamte erzeugte heiße Zwischenüberhitzerdampf 20 (HZÜ) bei dem Dampferzeuger 1a mit Zwischenüberhitzer gemäß Ausführungsform nach der Figur 2 zunächst insbesondere nahezu vollständig der Start-up-Bypassverbindungsleitung 16 und mittels dieser insbesondere nahezu vollständig einer der Speisewassererwärmung dienenden Vorrichtung oder Einrichtung, bei den Ausführungsbeispielen der Hilfsdampfschiene 13 und der Hochdruckvorwärmung 12 und von der Hilfsdampfschiene 13 über die Leitung 17 dem Speisewasserbehälter 10, zugeführt. Es wird lediglich vorzugsweise der gesamte erzeugte Frischdampf oder der gesamte erzeugte heiße Zwischenüberhitzerdampf, insbesondere nahezu vollständig, über die Start-up-Bypassleitungsverbindung 16 geführt, da immer auch ein Teil der erzeugten Dampfmengen für die Vorwärmung des Turbosatzes und der damit in Verbindung stehenden zugehörigen Rohrleitungen verwendet wird und verwendet werden muss. Die für diese Vorwärmung genutzte Dampfmenge kann beim Frischdampf 2 % bis 35 % der erzeugten Frischdampfmenge betragen. Diese Rückintegration des Wärmeenergiegehaltes des erzeugten Frischdampfes 4 oder des erzeugten heißen Zwischenüberhitzerdampfes 20 in die Speisewasservorwärmung erfolgt solange, bis der Frischdampf 4 oder der heiße Zwischenüberhitzerdampf 20 die für den Betrieb der jeweils nachgeschalteten Turbine notwendigen Dampfparameter aufweist. Sind diese erreicht oder nahezu annähernd erreicht, wird die Verbindung vom Wasser/Dampf-Kreislauf 2 in die Start-up-Bypassverbindungsleitung 16 langsam geschlossen und werden der Frischdampf 4 im Ausführungsbeispiel nach der Figur 1 und der heiße Zwischenüberhitzerdampf 20 beim Ausführungsbeispiel nach der Figur 2 den jeweils zugeordneten Turbinen 3 oder 22 des jeweiligen Turbosatzes 3a, 3b zugeleitet.With the in the FIGS. 1 and 2 During the start and start phase of the steam generator 1 or 1a during the period of the start and start phase, in which the live steam produced 4 (FD) and / or the hot reheater steam 20 (HZÜ) for operating the in the water / steam cycle 2 downstream of the fresh steam generation 19, 19a and / or the hot reheater steam generation 21 arranged turbines 3, 22 does not meet / meet required steam parameters, preferably first use the entire transferable in the live steam 4 or hot reheater steam 20 contained heat energy for a feedwater preheating , In a coal-fired steam generator 1, 1a of a steam power plant of the 800 MW class, this starting or starting phase lasts between 30 and 200 minutes. After such a period of time during the start-up process or the start-up process of the steam generator 1 or 1a, the live steam 4 is then usually in a pressure and temperature range of about 110 bar and 450 ° C, which is sufficient to allow the high-pressure turbine 3 to operate permanently. During this start and start phase, preferably the entire live steam 4 produced in the steam generator 1 without reheating after the FIG. 1 and, preferably, the entire generated hot reheater steam 20 (HZÜ) in the steam generator 1a with reheater according to embodiment of the FIG. 2 first in particular almost completely the start-up bypass connection line 16 and by means of this particular almost completely one of the feed water heating device or device, in the embodiments of the auxiliary steam rail 13 and the high pressure preheating 12 and from the auxiliary steam rail 13 via the line 17 to the feedwater tank 10, respectively. It is merely preferable that all of the live steam produced or all the hot reheater steam produced, in particular almost completely, is passed over the start-up by-pass line 16, as always a portion of the quantities of steam produced for preheating the turbine set and related piping associated therewith is used and must be used. The amount of steam used for this preheating can amount to 2% to 35% of the amount of live steam produced in live steam. This back integration of the heat energy content of the produced live steam 4 or of the produced hot reheater steam 20 into the feedwater preheating takes place until the live steam 4 or the hot reheater steam 20 has the steam parameters necessary for the operation of the respectively downstream turbine. Are these reached or almost reached, the connection from the water / steam cycle 2 in the start-up bypass connection line 16 is slowly closed and the live steam 4 in the embodiment of the FIG. 1 and the hot reheater steam 20 in the embodiment of the FIG. 2 the respective associated turbines 3 or 22 of the respective turbine set 3a, 3b fed.

Für die Durchführung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens ergeben sich hinsichtlich der Dampfentnahmemenge und der Kessellast, bei der die Frischdampf- oder heiße Zwischenüberhitzerdampfmenge entnommen wird, keine Begrenzungen. Neben den weiter oben bereits angegebenen Vorteilen führt die Anwendung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens auch zu einer schnelleren Vorwärmung der zur Mitteldruckturbine 22 führenden dampfführenden Leitungen und ergeben sich längere Standzeiten für dickwandige Bauteile des Dampferzeugers. Weiterhin erfordert die Durchführung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens einen niedrigeren Energieeigenbedarf für den Betrieb eines Kühlturms und von Kühlwasserpumpen, da weniger Dampf in den Kondensator 5 eingeleitet wird. Für im Abgasstrom befindliche DENOX-Anlagen ergeben sich Möglichkeiten für eine frühere Zuschaltung, da im den Dampferzeugern 1 oder 1a jeweils zugeordneten Economizer aufgrund der Speisewasservorerwärmung gegenüber den üblichen Verfahren nach dem Stand der Technik höhere Temperaturen herrschen. Insgesamt ergibt sich ein verbesserter Anlagenwirkungsgrad beim Anfahren der Dampferzeuger 1 und 1a.For the implementation of the method according to the invention arise in terms of the steam extraction amount and the boiler load at which the live steam or hot reheater steam quantity is removed, no Limitations. In addition to the advantages already stated above, the use of the method according to the invention also leads to a faster preheating of the steam-conveying lines leading to the medium-pressure turbine 22 and results in longer service lives for thick-walled components of the steam generator. Furthermore, the implementation of the method according to the invention requires a lower energy demand for the operation of a cooling tower and cooling water pumps, since less steam is introduced into the condenser 5. There are possibilities for an earlier connection for DENOX systems located in the exhaust gas flow, since higher temperatures prevail in the steam generators 1 or 1a associated with respective economizers due to the feedwater heater compared to the conventional prior art methods. Overall, there is an improved system efficiency when starting the steam generators 1 and 1a.

In nicht dargestellter Weise kann der Dampferzeuger 1 oder 1a wie üblich einen Economizer, einen Verdampfer, einen Überhitzer, nämlich den Dampferzeuger 1 mit einem bzw. dem Hochdruckteil 19a des Dampferzeugers 1 oder den Dampferzeuger 1a mit einem Zwischenüberhitzer 21 und einem Hochdruckteil 19a des Dampferzeugers 1a umfassen.In a manner not shown, the steam generator 1 or 1a as usual an economizer, an evaporator, a superheater, namely the steam generator 1 with one or the high pressure part 19a of the steam generator 1 or the steam generator 1a with a reheater 21 and a high pressure part 19a of the steam generator 1a include.

Bei einem häufigeren Anfahren eines mit dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren zum Betrieb des Dampfkraftwerkes während der Start-up und Anfahrphase eines Dampferzeugers 1, 1a ausgestatteten Kraftwerkes, beispielsweise eines Steinkohlekraftwerkes der 800 Megawatt Klasse, lassen sich betriebswirtschaftliche Vorteile erzielen. So lassen sich bei einem solchen Kraftwerk der 800 MW-Klasse bei einem Kaltstart ca. 7,5 t Heizöl für die Hilfsdampferzeugung einsparen und lässt sich der Startvorgang um 5 bis 10 Minuten verkürzen. Bei einem Warmstart lassen sich ca. 6 t Heizöl einsparen und lässt sich der Startvorgang bzw. der Anfahrvorgang um 5 Minuten verkürzen. Bei einem Heißstart des Dampferzeugers lassen sich ca. 4,5 t Heizöl einsparen und lässt sich der Startvorgang um ca. 5 Minuten verkürzen.With a more frequent starting of a power plant equipped with the method according to the invention for operating the steam power plant during the start-up and start-up phase of a steam generator 1, 1a, for example a hard coal power plant of the 800 megawatt class, economic advantages can be achieved. In such a power plant of the 800 MW class, it is possible to save approximately 7.5 t of heating oil for auxiliary steam generation during a cold start and shorten the starting process by 5 to 10 minutes. With a warm start, you can save about 6 t of heating oil and shorten the starting process or the starting process by 5 minutes. With a hot start of the steam generator can save about 4.5 t fuel oil and can shorten the startup process by about 5 minutes.

Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren kann bei jeder Art von Dampfkraftwerk Anwendung finden. Insbesondere bei Dampferzeugeranlagen zur Stromerzeugung, bei welchen die Turbinen einen Generator 25 zur Stromerzeugung antreiben, wie beispielsweise Braunkohledampferzeugern oder Steinkohledampferzeugern oder Abhitzekesseln und Dampferzeugern von Solarthermieanlagen, ist das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren und die damit verbundene Wärmerückintegration des erzeugten Dampfs über die Speisewasservorwärmung in das dem Dampferzeuger 1 oder 1a zugeführte Speisewasser von Vorteil.The inventive method can be found in any type of steam power plant application. Especially with steam generators for Power generation in which the turbines drive a generator 25 for power generation, such as lignite steam boilers or coal-fired steam generators or waste heat boilers and steam generators of solar thermal systems, the inventive method and the associated heat backward integration of the steam generated via the feedwater in the steam generator 1 or 1a supplied feed water of Advantage.

Die Länge der jeweiligen Start- und Anfahrphase des Dampfkraftwerks ergibt sich im Wesentlichen aus dem Beginn, zu welchem der erste Brenner des Dampferzeugers 1, 1a gestartet wird (Betätigung des "Feuer-ein"-Startknopfes), und dem Ende, das mit Abschluss der Synchronisierung des Generators 25 der zugeordneten Turbine oder des Turbosatzes 3a, 3b erreicht ist.The length of the respective start and start phase of the steam power plant results essentially from the beginning to which the first burner of the steam generator 1, 1 a is started (actuation of the "fire on" start button), and the end, the completion of the Synchronization of the generator 25 of the associated turbine or the turbine set 3a, 3b is reached.

Claims (9)

  1. Method for operating a steam power station during a start and start-up phase of a steam generator (1, 1a) with connected water/steam circuit (2), the steam generator (1, 1a) including a live steam generator (19) without intermediate superheater or a live steam generator (19) with a downstream intermediate superheater (21), and the water/steam circuit (2) comprising a high-pressure preheater (12) and a feedwater container (10), and at least one turbo set (3a, 3b) comprising at least one turbine (3, 22) being arranged in the water/steam circuit (2), and an auxiliary steam rail (13) being assigned to the high-pressure preheater (12) and the feedwater container (10) of the water/steam circuit (2), which supplies the water/steam circuit (2) at least during the respective start and start-up phase of the steam generator (1, 1a) with auxiliary steam generated by means of auxiliary fuels,
    wherein,
    during the start and start-up phase of the steam power station, in a steam generator (1) without intermediate superheater, live steam (4) is produced from feedwater guided in the water/steam circuit (2), and, during a period or the respective period of the start and start-up phase in which the live steam (4) produced does not fulfil the steam parameters required for operation of the turbine (3) of the turbo set (3a) arranged in the water/steam circuit (2) downstream of the live steam generator (19), the live steam (4) produced in the steam generator (1) is first fed to the high-pressure preheater (12) or to the high-pressure preheater (12) and to the auxiliary steam rail (13) using its transferable thermal energy content, and that, during the start and start-up phase of the steam power station, in a steam generator (1a) with intermediate superheater (21), live steam (4) and hot intermediate superheater steam (20) are generated from feedwater guided in the water/steam circuit (2), and during a period or the respective period of the start and start-up phase, in which the hot intermediate superheater steam (20) produced does not fulfil the steam parameters required for operation of the turbine (22) of the turbo set (3b) arranged in the water/steam circuit (2) downstream of the intermediate superheater (21) producing hot intermediate superheater steam (20), first the hot intermediate superheater steam (20) produced in the steam generator (1a) is fed to the high-pressure preheater (12) or the high-pressure preheater (12) and the auxiliary steam rail (13) using its transferable thermal energy content.
  2. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the entire amount of live steam (4) generated in the steam generator (1) without intermediate superheater (21) is, by means of a start-up bypass line connection (16, 16a, 16b) branching off from the water/steam circuit (2), first supplied completely to the auxiliary steam rail (13) and/or the high-pressure preheater (12) downstream of the steam generator (1) and upstream of the turbine (3), in particular a high-pressure turbine (3), of the turbo set (3a), to which live steam (4) can be applied.
  3. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the entire amount of hot intermediate superheater steam (20) generated in the steam generator (1a) with intermediate superheater (21) producing hot intermediate superheater steam (20) is, by means of a start-up bypass line connection (16, 16a, 16b) branching off from the water/steam circuit (2), first supplied completely to the auxiliary steam rail (13) and/or the high-pressure preheater (12) downstream of a high-pressure turbine (3) to which live steam (4) can be applied and of the intermediate superheater (21) producing the hot intermediate superheater steam (20), as well as upstream of the turbine (22), in particular a medium-pressure turbine (22), of the turbo set (3b), to which the hot intermediate superheater steam (20) can be applied.
  4. Method according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that the live steam (4) or the hot intermediate superheater steam (20) is adapted in the start-up bypass line connection (16, 16a, 16b) with respect to its steam parameters, namely pressure and temperature, as well as its mass flow rate to the requirements of the steam consumers, namely the auxiliary steam rail (13) and/or the high-pressure preheater (12), connected to the start-up bypass line connection (16, 16a, 16b) .
  5. Method according to any one of claims 2 to 4, characterized in that only the part of the live steam and/or hot intermediate superheater steam amount produced in the steam generator (1, 1a) during the respective start and start-up phase of the steam power station is fed to a condenser (5) arranged in the water/steam circuit (2), which exceeds the respectively current receiving and/or conveying capacity of the start-up bypass line connection (16, 16a, 16b) .
  6. Method according to any one of claims 2 to 5, characterized in that, upon approaching or reaching the steam parameters required for the operation of an associated turbine (3, 22) of the turbo set (3a, 3b) in the live steam (4) and/or in the hot intermediate superheater steam (20), the supply to the start-up bypass line connection (16, 16a, 16b) thereof is reduced and the start-up bypass line connection (16, 16a, 16b) is closed and the live steam (4) and/or the hot superheater steam (20) is fed to the respectively associated turbine (3, 22) of the turbo set (3a, 3b) .
  7. Steam power station with a steam generator (1, 1a) with connected water/steam circuit (2) for carrying out a method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, comprising a steam generator (1) with live steam generator (19) without intermediate superheater or a steam generator (1a) with live steam generator (19) with a downstream intermediate superheater (21), the water/steam circuit (2) comprising a high-pressure preheater (12) and a feedwater container (10), and at least one turbo set (3a, 3b) comprising at least one turbine (3, 22) being arranged in the water/steam circuit (2), and an auxiliary steam rail (13) supplying auxiliary steam to the water/steam circuit (2) at least during a respective start and start-up phase of the steam generator (1, 1a) being associated with the high-pressure preheater (12) and the feedwater container (10) of the water/steam circuit (2), characterized in that the auxiliary steam guided in the auxiliary steam rail (13) is produced by means of an auxiliary steam generator, which is normally oil or gas-fired, and in that the steam generator (1) without intermediate superheater comprises, downstream of the steam generator (1) and upstream of a turbine (3), in particular a high-pressure turbine (3), of the turbo set (3a), to which live steam (4) can be applied, a start-up bypass line connection (16, 16a, 16b) branching off live steam (4) from the water/steam circuit (2) and leading it to the auxiliary steam rail (13) and the high-pressure preheater (12), and in that the steam generator (1a) with intermediate superheater (21) generating hot intermediate superheater steam (20) comprises, downstream of a high-pressure turbine (3) to which live steam (4) can be applied and of the intermediate superheater (21) generating the hot intermediate superheater steam (20) as well as upstream of a turbine (22), in particular a medium-pressure turbine (22), of the turbo set (3b), to which the hot intermediate superheater steam (20) can be applied, a start-up bypass line connection (16, 16a, 16b) branching off hot intermediate superheater steam (20) from the water/steam circuit (2) and leading it to the auxiliary steam rail (13) and the high-pressure preheater (12) .
  8. Steam power station according to claim 7, characterized in that a steam conditioning device (18) is arranged in the start-up bypass line connection (16, 16a, 16b), which adapts the supplied live steam (4) or the supplied hot intermediate superheater steam (20) to the steam parameters required by the consumers, namely the auxiliary steam rail (13) and the high-pressure preheater (12), connected to end regions (16a, 16b) of the start-up bypass line connection (16, 16a, 16b).
  9. Steam power station according to claim 7 or 8, characterized in that the auxiliary steam rail (13) is in line connection with a feedwater container (10), an air preheater (26) of the steam generator (1, 1a) and the high-pressure turbine (3) of the turbo set (3a, 3b).
EP16785471.0A 2015-10-23 2016-10-24 Method for preheating feed water of a steam generator of a power plant, and steam power plant for carrying out the method Active EP3365534B1 (en)

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PL16785471T PL3365534T3 (en) 2015-10-23 2016-10-24 Method for preheating feed water of a steam generator of a power plant, and steam power plant for carrying out the method

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DE102015118098.7A DE102015118098A1 (en) 2015-10-23 2015-10-23 Process for feedwater preheating a steam generator of a power plant
PCT/EP2016/075509 WO2017068176A1 (en) 2015-10-23 2016-10-24 Method for preheating feed water of a steam generator of a power plant, and steam power plant for carrying out the method

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DE (1) DE102015118098A1 (en)
DK (1) DK3365534T3 (en)
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PL (1) PL3365534T3 (en)
WO (1) WO2017068176A1 (en)

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AT521050B1 (en) * 2018-05-29 2019-10-15 Fachhochschule Burgenland Gmbh Process for increasing energy efficiency in Clausius-Rankine cycle processes

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NL17151C (en) *
DE1200326B (en) * 1962-01-30 1965-09-09 Buckau Wolf Maschf R Procedure for starting up a steam power plant
FR1349229A (en) * 1962-10-18 1964-01-17 Rateau Soc Improvement of condensable fluid turbines to improve their efficiency at reduced loads
CH406247A (en) * 1963-07-23 1966-01-31 Sulzer Ag Steam power plant with forced steam generator and reheater
DE4432960C1 (en) * 1994-09-16 1995-11-30 Steinmueller Gmbh L & C Drive system for steam power station boiler plant
DE4447044C1 (en) * 1994-12-29 1996-04-11 Hans Wonn Method reducing start=up losses in a power plant
DE19654499A1 (en) * 1996-12-18 1998-06-25 Ver Energiewerke Ag Power station block start-up using ancillary steam circuit
US7325400B2 (en) * 2004-01-09 2008-02-05 Siemens Power Generation, Inc. Rankine cycle and steam power plant utilizing the same
DE102009036064B4 (en) * 2009-08-04 2012-02-23 Alstom Technology Ltd. in order to operate a forced-circulation steam generator operating at a steam temperature of more than 650 ° C, as well as forced circulation steam generators

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EP3365534A1 (en) 2018-08-29
DK3365534T3 (en) 2020-03-16
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DE102015118098A1 (en) 2017-04-27
ES2764757T3 (en) 2020-06-04

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