EP3357784B1 - Wagon and method for loading/unloading same - Google Patents

Description

Domain

The present application relates to a wagon and a method for loading / unloading a container on such a wagon.

Disclosure of prior art

Intermodal transport, also called multimodal transport or combined transport, consists of successively using two or more modes of transport to carry out the transport of a payload from a point of origin to a point of destination. Combined land transport mainly concerns combined rail-road transport. Piggyback transport, or accompanied rail-road combined transport, consists of loading full trucks on a train: the tractor, the trailer and the driver. Unaccompanied rail-road combined transport consists of loading only containers, swap bodies or semi-trailers, onto a train.

Existing intermodal transport systems generally have the drawback of a high installation and implementation cost. In fact, the existing methods of loading / unloading full trucks, containers, swap bodies and semi-trailers, called hereinafter containers, on wagons require expensive loading / unloading equipment.

The document WO 94/21503 describes a wagon bogie.

There is a need for a wagon allowing the implementation of a combined transport not accompanied by containers at low cost.

Summary

Thus, an object of one embodiment is to at least partially overcome the drawbacks of the rail-road intermodal transport systems described above.

Another object of an embodiment is that the wagon used for the implementation of an intermodal transport system has a simple structure.

Another object of an embodiment is that the wagon used for the implementation of an intermodal transport system can receive any type of container.

Another object of an embodiment is that the method of loading / unloading a container on the wagon can at least in part be carried out in an automated manner.

• au moins deux bogies, chaque bogie comprenant au moins deux essieux et au moins un moteur d'entraînement d'au moins l'un des essieux ; et
• une balancelle articulée sur chaque bogie et reliée à chaque bogie par un dispositif de suspension adapté à modifier la distance entre la balancelle et le bogie.

Thus, one embodiment provides for a wagon comprising:

• at least two bogies, each bogie comprising at least two axles and at least one motor for driving at least one of the axles; and
• a swing hinged on each bogie and connected to each bogie by a suspension device adapted to modify the distance between the swing and the bogie.

According to one embodiment, the suspension device is pneumatic.

According to one embodiment, each bogie comprises a frame connected to a first axle driving first and second wheels and to a second axle driving third and fourth wheels, the swing extending through the frame or under the frame of each bogie. .

According to one embodiment, for each bogie, the suspension device comprises at least one pneumatic cylinder resting on the frame, a plate resting on the pneumatic cylinder and connected to the swing by at least one sling, the suspension device being adapted to move the plate away from the chassis or bring it closer by actuation of the pneumatic cylinder.

According to one embodiment, for each bogie, the suspension device comprises two pneumatic jacks resting on the frame, two plates resting on the pneumatic jacks and each connected to the swing by at least one sling.

According to one embodiment, the swing comprises a single beam extending in the longitudinal direction of the wagon and connected to each bogie.

According to one embodiment, the swing comprises at least two recesses extending in the transverse direction of the wagon.

According to one embodiment, the wagon comprises at least two supports resting on the swing in said recesses and extending in the transverse direction of the wagon on either side of the swing.

According to one embodiment, the wagon is able to receive a support element resting on the swing and on which is intended to rest at least one container.

One embodiment also provides a system for loading / unloading a container, comprising at least one wagon as defined above intended to transport the container and a transporter suitable for loading the container on the wagon or unloading the container from the wagon.

According to one embodiment, the transporter comprises at least two transshipment devices each comprising a base and a cart movable on the base and adapted to support the container, each cart comprising a lifting system adapted to move the container in height.

• actionner les dispositifs de suspension du wagon pour abaisser la balancelle à une première position donnée par rapport à un quai ;
• déplacer le contenant selon la direction transversale du wagon et selon la direction verticale pour charger le contenant sur le wagon ou décharger le contenant depuis le wagon ; et
• actionner les dispositifs de suspension du wagon pour soulever la balancelle à une deuxième position donnée par rapport au quai.

One embodiment also provides a method of loading / unloading a container of a wagon as defined above, comprising the following steps:

• operating the suspension devices of the wagon to lower the swing to a first given position relative to a platform;
• moving the container in the transverse direction of the wagon and in the vertical direction to load the container onto the wagon or unload the container from the wagon; and
• operate the wagon suspension devices to lift the swing to a second given position relative to the platform.

• actionner les dispositifs de suspension du wagon pour abaisser la balancelle et déposer les supports sur le quai ;
• déplacer un chariot sur chaque support selon la direction transversale du wagon, chaque chariot comprenant une coque ; et
• soulever/abaisser les coques par rapport aux supports pour soulever/déposer le contenant.

According to one embodiment, the method comprises the following steps:

• operate the wagon suspension devices to lower the swing and place the supports on the platform;
• moving a cart on each support in the transverse direction of the wagon, each cart comprising a shell; and
• raise / lower the shells relative to the supports to raise / lower the container.

Brief description of the drawings

• les figures 1 et 2 sont des vues de côté, schématiques et avec coupe partielle, d'un mode de réalisation d'un wagon sur lequel est chargé respectivement des contenants de types différents ;
• les figures 3 et 4 sont respectivement une vue de côté et une vue de dessus, schématiques et avec coupes partielles, du mode de réalisation du wagon représenté sur les figures 1 et 2 ;
• la figure 5 est une vue en perspective schématique d'une partie d'une balancelle et d'un support du wagon représenté sur les figures 3 et 4 ;
• la figure 6 est une vue de dessus, schématique et avec coupe partielle, d'un mode de réalisation d'un bogie du wagon représenté sur les figures 3 et 4 ;
• les figures 7, 8 et 9 sont respectivement une vue de côté, une vue de face et une vue de dessus, schématiques et avec coupes partielles, d'un mode de réalisation d'un châssis et d'un système de suspension de la balancelle du wagon représenté en figure 6 ;
• les figures 10 et 11 sont respectivement une vue de côté, schématique et avec coupe partielle, du bogie représenté sur la figure 6 et une vue de dessus, schématique et avec coupe partielle, d'une moitié du bogie représenté sur la figure 6 ;
• la figure 12 est une vue de côté, schématique et avec coupe partielle, de la moitié du bogie représenté sur la figure 3 ;
• la figure 13 représente, sur la moitié gauche, une vue de dessus, schématique et avec coupe partielle, de la moitié du bogie représentée sur la figure 2 et, sur la moitié droite, une vue de dessus, schématique et avec coupe partielle, de la moitié du bogie illustrant un autre mode de réalisation de motorisation des essieux ;
• la figure 14 est une vue en coupe, partielle et schématique, d'un mode de réalisation d'une remorque ;
• la figure 15 est une vue en coupe, partielle et schématique, d'une élément d'appui de la remorque de la figure 14 ;
• la figure 16 et une vue de côté, schématique et avec coupe partielle, de la remorque représentée en figure 14 reposant sur la balancelle représentée en figure 5 ;
• les figures 17 et 18 sont respectivement une vue de dessus et une vue de côté, partielles et schématiques, d'un mode de réalisation d'un praticable ;
• les figures 19, 20 et 21 sont respectivement une vue en perspective, et des vues en coupe, selon deux plans perpendiculaires et verticaux, d'un mode de réalisation d'un transbordeur ;
• les figures 22, 23 et 24 sont respectivement des vues analogues aux vues 19, 20 et 21 d'un autre mode de réalisation d'un transbordeur ; et
• les figures 25, 27, 29, 30, 32 et 33 sont des vues schématiques en coupe d'un wagon et d'un quai à des étapes successives lors d'une opération de déchargement d'un contenant transporté par le wagon et les figures 26, 28 et 31 sont des vues schématiques en coupe du wagon représenté respectivement sur les figures 25, 27 et 30 dans un plan de coupe perpendiculaire aux plans de coupe des figures 25, 27 et 30.

These characteristics and advantages, as well as others, will be explained in detail in the following description of particular embodiments given without limitation in relation to the accompanying figures, among which:

• the figures 1 and 2 are side views, schematic and in partial section, of an embodiment of a wagon on which are respectively loaded containers of different types;
• the figures 3 and 4 are respectively a side view and a top view, schematic and with partial sections, of the embodiment of the wagon shown in the figures 1 and 2 ;
• the figure 5 is a schematic perspective view of part of a swing and a support of the wagon shown in the figures 3 and 4 ;
• the figure 6 is a top view, schematic and in partial section, of an embodiment of a bogie of the wagon represented on the figures 3 and 4 ;
• the figures 7, 8 and 9 are respectively a side view, a front view and a top view, schematic and with partial sections, of an embodiment of a chassis and of a suspension system for the wagon swing shown in figure 6 ;
• the figures 10 and 11 are respectively a side view, schematic and in partial section, of the bogie shown in figure 6 and a top view, schematic and in partial section, of one half of the bogie shown in figure 6 ;
• the figure 12 is a side view, schematic and in partial section, of half of the bogie shown on the figure 3 ;
• the figure 13 shows, on the left half, a top view, schematic and in partial section, of the half of the bogie shown on the figure 2 and, on the right half, a top view, schematic and in partial section, of the half of the bogie illustrating another embodiment of the motorization of the axles;
• the figure 14 is a sectional view, partial and schematic, of an embodiment of a trailer;
• the figure 15 is a sectional view, partial and schematic, of a support element of the trailer of the figure 14 ;
• the figure 16 and a side view, schematic and in partial section, of the trailer shown in figure 14 resting on the swing shown in figure 5 ;
• the figures 17 and 18 are respectively a top view and a side view, partial and schematic, of an embodiment of a floor;
• the figures 19, 20 and 21 are respectively a perspective view, and sectional views, along two perpendicular and vertical planes, of an embodiment of a ferry;
• the figures 22 , 23 and 24 are respectively views similar to views 19, 20 and 21 of another embodiment of a ferry; and
• the figures 25, 27 , 29, 30 , 32 and 33 are schematic sectional views of a wagon and a wharf at successive stages during an unloading operation of a container transported by the wagon and the figures 26 , 28 and 31 are schematic sectional views of the wagon represented respectively on the figures 25, 27 and 30 in a cutting plane perpendicular to the cutting planes of the figures 25, 27 and 30 .

detailed description

The same elements have been designated by the same references in the various figures and, moreover, the various figures are not drawn to scale. For the sake of clarity, only the elements useful for understanding the embodiments described have been shown and are detailed. In the following description, when reference is made to absolute position qualifiers, such as the terms "front", "rear", "top", "bottom", "left", "right", etc., or relative, such as the terms "above", "below", "upper", "lower", etc., or to orientation qualifiers, such as the terms "horizontal", "vertical", etc., it reference is made to the orientation of the figures or to a wagon in a normal position of use. Unless otherwise specified, the expressions "approximately", "substantially", and "of the order of" mean within 10%, preferably within 5%.

In the remainder of the description, the horizontal direction along which the rails on which the wagon rests extend, and the horizontal direction which is perpendicular to the longitudinal direction is called “transverse direction”.

According to one embodiment, the rail-road intermodal transport system uses self-propelled bogie wagons on which containers are loaded or unloaded.

The figure 1 is a side view, schematic and with partial section, of an embodiment of a wagon 10 on which is loaded a container 12 corresponding to an assembly comprising a trailer. As a variant, the container 12 may correspond only to a container.

Several wagons 10 can be assembled to form a train set. A cockpit itself mounted on a wagon can be provided at one end of the train. As a variant, each end of the train is coupled to a cockpit carried by a wagon.

The wagon 10 comprises two self-propelled bogies 20 and a swing 22 connected to each bogie 20. Each bogie 20 comprises wheels 24 which roll, in operation, on rails 26. According to one embodiment, each bogie 20 is autonomous for what is the energies (electrical and pneumatic) necessary for its operation. One of the bogies 20 can be connected by a connection module 28 to catenaries 30. The connection module 28 is for example present on one wagon 10 out of four. The connection module 28 can include a pantograph, equipment for controlling the motors of the bogies 20 and for the general management of several wagons 10. The connection module 28 can be connected to the cockpit of the train, for example by a line. RS 232. By way of example, the length of the self-propelled wagons 10, measured in the longitudinal direction, can vary from 12 m to 20 m, for example equal to approximately 15 m.

The figure 2 is a side view similar to the figure 1 in which the container 12 corresponding to a container or a box, for example from 20 feet to 45 feet and in which an intermediate support element 14, called walkable, is interposed between the container 12 and the wagon 10, the container 12 resting on the floor 14 which itself rests on the swing 22. The use of the floor 14 makes it possible to standardize the plane for placing containers 12 which may have different lengths.

The train may include several wagons carrying either trailers or containers.

The figures 3 and 4 are respectively a side view and a top view, partial and schematic, of the embodiment of the wagon 10 shown in the figures 1 and 2 . In figure 4 , a variant of the motorization system of the bogie 20 is shown.

The figure 5 is a schematic and exploded perspective view of part of the swing 22 shown in the figures 3 and 4 .

As it appears on the figures 3, 4 and 5 , the swing 22 comprises a central portion 34 extending in the longitudinal direction and which is extended at each end in the longitudinal direction successively by an intermediate portion 36 and an end portion 38. The central portion 34 may include a beam 40 extending in the longitudinal direction and substantially horizontal plates 41 fixed to the beam 40 and extending on either side of the beam 40. Each intermediate portion 36 is integral with the central portion 34 and defines a housing 42 which extends in the transverse direction, which is open upwards and which is open at both ends in the transverse direction. For example, the housing 42 has a cross section in the shape of a "U". Each end portion 38 is integral with the adjoining intermediate portion 36. Each end portion 38 extends in the longitudinal direction and comprises openings 43 intended to cooperate with a connecting system making it possible to interconnect the swings 22 of two adjacent wagons 10.

Each end portion 38 is further crossed by an opening 44 with a vertical axis. The swing 22 further comprises, for each end portion 38, lugs 45 which extend on either side of the end portion 38 along an axis parallel to the transverse direction, this axis preferably cutting the axis of the opening 44.

The wagon 10 further comprises a support 46, also called a track, comprising a central beam 47 and, at each end of the beam, a block 48 fixed under the central beam 47. The central beam 47 has a shape complementary to the housing 42 and is intended, in operation, to rest in the housing 42. The central beam 47 has a straight section. U-shaped open upwards and comprises a bottom 49, preferably substantially flat.

The support 46 is not fixed to the swing 22. When the beam 47 rests in the housing 42, the displacement along a horizontal plane of the support 46 relative to the swing 22 in the longitudinal direction is prevented by the cooperation of the beam. 47 and the housing 42 and the movement along a horizontal plane of the support 46 relative to the swing 22 in the transverse direction is prevented by the blocks 48 which abut against the swing 22.

The figure 6 is a schematic top view, in partial section, of an embodiment of a bogie 20 of the wagon shown in figures 3 and 4 with the variant of the motorization system shown in figure 4 . The bogie 20 may have a structure which is substantially symmetrical with respect to vertical planes P and P '.

• un châssis 50 ;
• des première et deuxième paires de bras 52 situées de part et d'autre du châssis 50 selon la direction longitudinale, chaque bras 52 étant articulé par rapport au châssis 50 au niveau d'une liaison pivotante 54 ;
• des premier et deuxième essieux 56 situés de part et d'autre du châssis 50 selon la direction longitudinale, le premier essieu 56 étant relié de façon pivotante aux bras 52 de la première paire de bras et le deuxième essieu 56 étant relié de façon pivotante aux bras 52 de la deuxième paire de bras ;
• deux roues 24 fixées à chaque essieu 56 ;
• un système 57 d'entraînement des roues 24 en rotation, comprenant au moins un moteur électrique 58 adapté à entraîner en rotation au moins l'un des essieux 56, quatre moteurs électriques 58 adaptés à entraîner en rotation les deux essieux 56 étant représentés sur la figure 6 ;
• pour chaque roue 24, un système de freinage 60 de la roue 24 ; et
• un système de suspension 62 de la balancelle 22 adapté en outre à déplacer la balancelle 22 par rapport au châssis 50 selon la direction verticale.

According to this embodiment, the bogie 20 comprises:

• a frame 50;
• first and second pairs of arms 52 located on either side of the frame 50 in the longitudinal direction, each arm 52 being articulated relative to the frame 50 at a pivoting link 54;
• first and second axles 56 located on either side of the frame 50 in the longitudinal direction, the first axle 56 being pivotally connected to the arms 52 of the first pair of arms and the second axle 56 being pivotally connected to the arm 52 of the second pair of arms;
• two wheels 24 attached to each axle 56;
• a system 57 for driving the wheels 24 in rotation, comprising at least one electric motor 58 adapted to drive in rotation at least one of the axles 56, four electric motors 58 adapted to drive in rotation the two axles 56 being shown in the figure figure 6 ;
• for each wheel 24, a braking system 60 of the wheel 24; and
• a suspension system 62 of the swing 22 further adapted to move the swing 22 relative to the frame 50 in the vertical direction.

The figure 7 is, half left, a schematic side view and, half right, a sectional view of an embodiment of the frame 50 and the suspension system 62 of the bogie 20 shown in figure 6 and part of the swing 22. The sectional plane of the figure 7 is a vertical plane perpendicular to the transverse direction. The figure 8 is, in half left, a sectional view of the embodiment of the frame 50 and the suspension system 62 of the bogie 20 shown in figure 7 and, in half right, a schematic front view of the frame 50 of the bogie 20 shown in figure 7 . The sectional plane of the figure 8 is a vertical plane perpendicular to the longitudinal direction. The figure 9 is a top view, schematic and in partial section, of the embodiment of the frame 50 and the suspension system 62 of the bogie 20 shown in figure 7 .

The frame 50 comprises a hollow beam 64 which extends in the transverse direction comprising a lower wall 66, an upper wall 68 and side walls 70 connecting the lower wall 66 to the upper wall 68. The side walls 70 are crossed by openings 72 allowing the passage of the end portion 38 of the swing 22 which therefore crosses the beam 64 right through in the longitudinal direction through the side walls 70.

A first flange 74 is fixed to each end of the beam 64 in the transverse direction. Each first flange 74 extends on either side of the beam 64 in the longitudinal direction. Four second flanges 76, fixed to the beam 64, project from the beam 64 in the direction longitudinal on either side of the beam 64. Each second flange 76 forms, with the first flange 74 facing it, a support for one of the pivoting connections 54.

The suspension system 62 is adapted to modify the relative distance between the upper wall 68 and the end portion 38 of the swing 22 located between the lower and upper walls 66, 68.

According to one embodiment, the suspension device 62 comprises two suspension systems 80, each suspension system 80 being fixed to the upper wall 68 and being connected to one of the lugs 45 of the end portion 38 of the swing. 22.

• deux plateaux inférieurs 82 reposant sur la paroi supérieure 68 et fixés à la paroi supérieure 68 ;
• deux vérins souples 84, pneumatiques reposant sur les plateaux 82 ;
• des moyens, non représentés, pour commander les vérins souples 84 ;
• un plateau supérieur 86 reposant sur les vérins souples 84 ; et
• un élément de liaison 88 souple fixé au plateau supérieur 86 et fixé à l'un des ergots 45.

According to one embodiment, each suspension system 80 comprises:

• two lower plates 82 resting on the upper wall 68 and fixed to the upper wall 68;
• two flexible cylinders 84, pneumatic resting on the plates 82;
• means, not shown, for controlling the flexible jacks 84;
• an upper plate 86 resting on the flexible jacks 84; and
• a flexible connecting element 88 fixed to the upper plate 86 and fixed to one of the lugs 45.

In the present embodiment, the connecting element 88 corresponds to a sling 90 forming a closed loop passing through the upper plate 86 and the upper wall 68 (and the wall 98 which is described later) and housed in a groove 92 provided on the lug 45. The attachment of the sling 90 to the upper plate 86 can be achieved by a rod 94 fixed to the upper plate 86. The sling 90 can correspond to a traction cable.

By way of example, the suspension of the balancer 22 transfers to each bogie 20 a stress of 80 KN when empty and 200 KN under load. Each flexible cylinder 84 may have a diameter of 400 mm and a unit capacity of 52 KN at 0.6 MPa (6 bars), and 60 KN at 0.7 MPa (7 bars).

The movement of the end portion 38 of the swing 22 relative to the upper wall 68 is obtained by simultaneously actuating the flexible jacks 84 of the suspension systems 80. By figure 7 , the end portion 38 is shown in the extreme low position relative to the frame 50. In figure 8 , the end portion 38 is shown in the extreme high position relative to the frame 50. It is possible to envisage the installation of safety keeps preventing the untimely descent of the swing 22 in the event of a breakage of one of the elements of the control device. suspension 62.

The suspension device 62 makes it possible to modify the height position of the swing 22 relative to the bogie 20. The suspension device 62 makes it possible in particular to adapt the height of the swing 22 during loading / unloading operations. The suspension device 62 also makes it possible to keep the swing 22 and the load which rests on it in suspension during transport. The suspension device 62 makes it possible in particular to compensate the height of the swing frame 22 as a function of the load. In addition, the suspension device 62 provides better dynamic stability to the wagon 10 and container 12 assembly by lowering the center of gravity of the wagon 10.

According to one embodiment, each suspension system 80 further comprises two shock absorbers 96, for example hydraulic shock absorbers, connecting the upper plate 86 to the lower wall 66. This makes it possible to improve the guiding of the movement of the swing 22 relative to to the chassis 50 when actuating the suspension systems 80.

According to one embodiment, the beam 64 comprises an intermediate wall 98 interposed between the lower wall 66 and parallel to the lower and upper walls 66, 68, the end portion 38 extending between the lower and intermediate walls 66, 98. A vertical rod 100 is attached to its ends to the lower and intermediate walls 66, 98 and extends into the opening 44 of the end portion 38. The end portion 38 is connected to the rod 100 by a connection 102 of the ball type and which further allows the sliding of the end portion 38 on the rod 100.

The figures 10 and 11 are respectively a schematic side view with partial section of the bogie 20 shown in figure 6 and a top view with partial section of half of the bogie 20.

For each arm 52, the frame 50 may comprise a device 104 for damping the rotational movement of the arm 52 relative to the frame 50 about the axis of the pivoting link 54. According to one embodiment, the damping device 104 comprises a housing 106 fixed to the beam 64 in which are housed two shock absorbers 108. The arm 52 is extended by a plate 110 interposed between the two shock absorbers 108. When the arm 52 pivots relative to the frame 50 about the axis of the pivoting link 54, the plate 110 requests the shock absorbers 108.

Each arm 52 comprises an assembly of plates forming a housing. Each axle 56 is connected to the two associated arms 52 by bearings 112 housed in the arms 52, one of the bearings 112 being visible in figure 11 .

The axles 56 are driven in rotation by the electric motors 58. The fact that the electric motors 58 are mounted directly on the bogie 20 simplifies the maintenance operations. This also makes it possible to limit the power of each electric motor 58, for example around 30 kW / 40 kW.

The braking system 60 can be adapted to exert pressure on the side walls of the associated wheel 24 as can be seen on the figure. figure 11 . As a variant, the braking system can be adapted to apply a braking force to the periphery of the wheel 24.

According to one embodiment, the motorization is located at the end of the axle 56, an electric motor 58 being fixed to each arm 52. The electric motor 58 comprises an output shaft 114. A drive pulley 116, housed in the arm 52, is mounted integral with the end of the axle 56. The output shaft 114 drives a chain 118, shown in dotted lines in figure 10 and not shown in figure 11 , which rotates the pulley 116. A device 120 for tensioning the chain 118 may be provided. As a variant, the chain 118 can be replaced by a transmission system, for example with gears.

In the embodiment shown in figures 6 , 10 and 11 , each electric motor 58 projects from the corresponding arm 52 towards the interior of the bogie 20. The electric motor 58 is therefore located at a distance from the axle 56 which it drives which is greater than the diameter of the wheels 24 mounted on the 'axle 56.

The figure 12 is a schematic side view with partial section of half of the bogie 20 shown in figure 3 and the figure 13 shows, on the left half, a top view with partial section of half of the bogie 20 shown on the figure 3 and, on the right half, a top view with partial section of half of the bogie 20 with another embodiment of the motorization of the axles 56.

In the embodiment shown in figure 12 and the left half of the figure 13 , each electric motor 58 projects from the corresponding arm 52 towards the outside of the bogie 20. The electric motor 58 is therefore located at a distance from the axle 56 which it drives which is less than the diameter of the wheels 24 mounted on it. The axle 56. The electric motor 58 can mesh directly with the drive pulley 116 attached to the end of the axle 56.

In the right half-view of the figure 13 , the wheel drive system 57 comprises, for each axle 56, a single electric motor 58, fixed to a housing 124 which is connected to the frame 50 by a pivoting link 126. The output shaft 114 is connected to the 'axle 56 by a transmission system 128, for example with gears.

In the case where the container 12 corresponds to a trailer, the container 12 can rest directly on the supports 46 and / or on the swing 22 at the level of the intermediate portions 36.

The figure 14 is a sectional view, partial and schematic, of an embodiment of a trailer 12. The sectional plane of the figure 14 is a vertical plane perpendicular to the longitudinal direction.

The trailer 12 comprises a frame 130 and wheels 132 connected to the frame 130. The trailer 12 comprises support elements 134 fixed to the frame 130 under the frame 130. The support elements 134 are intended to rest on the supports 46 and / or on the swing 22 at the level of the intermediate portions 36 when the trailer 12 is placed on the wagon 10. According to one embodiment, the trailer 12 comprises two pairs of support elements 134, the two support elements 134 of each pair being aligned in the transverse direction.

The figure 15 is a sectional view of a support element 134 of the trailer of the figure 14 . The sectional plane of the figure 15 is a vertical plane perpendicular to the transverse direction. The support element 134 comprises a beam 136 having a substantially flat bottom 138 and extending in the transverse direction. The beam 136 is fixed to the frame 130 of the trailer 12 for example by intermediate elements 140. The support element 134 comprises centering and clamping blocks 142 on each side of the beam 136 in the longitudinal direction.

The figure 16 is a schematic side view with partial section of the trailer 12 shown in figure 14 resting on the swing 22 shown in figure 5 . The swing 22 comprises fixing elements 144 adapted to cooperate with the centering and clamping blocks 142 of the trailer 12 when it is placed on the swing 22. By way of example, at least one of the fixing elements 144 may include a hook 146 movable between a position where it cooperates with one of the centering blocks and clamping 142 and a position where it is remote from the centering and clamping block 142.

In the case where the container 12 is a box or a container, provision may be made to interpose the floor 14 between the container 12 and the swing 22, the floor 14 resting on the swing 22.

The figures 17 and 18 respectively show a top view and a side view, partial and schematic, of an embodiment of the floor 14.

The floor 14 comprises two beams 152 extending in the longitudinal direction and cross members 154 connecting the two beams 152. The floor 14 comprises two support elements 156 fixed to the beams 152. The support elements 156 are intended to rest on. the swing 22 at the level of the intermediate portions 36 when the practicable 14 is placed on the wagon 10. Each support element 156 may have the structure of the support element 134 described above and include in particular a beam 158 having a bottom 160 substantially flat and extending in the transverse direction. The support element 156 further comprises centering and clamping blocks 162 on each side of the beam 158 in the longitudinal direction. When the floor 14 is placed on the swing 22, the centering and clamping blocks 162 can cooperate with the fixing elements 144 of the swing 22 to fix the floor 14 to the swing 22.

When the container 12 or the assembly containing 12 / floor 14 is fixed to the wagon 10, the chassis 130 of the trailer 12 or the floor 14 participate after clamping in the rigidity of the swing 22. The fact that the motorization of the wagon 10 is distributed over the bogies 20 makes it possible to eliminate the stresses due to traction / compression which are present in the case of traditional traction on the chassis of the wagons.

• déplacement du contenant 12 ou de l'ensemble contenant 12/praticable 14 à côté du wagon 10 sur lequel le contenant 12 doit être chargé ;
• soulèvement du contenant 12 ou de l'ensemble contenant 12/praticable 14 ;
• déplacement selon la direction transversale du contenant 12 ou de l'ensemble contenant 12/praticable 14 par rapport au wagon 10 pour amener le contenant 12 ou l'ensemble contenant 12/praticable 14 au-dessus du wagon 10 ;
• abaissement du contenant 12 ou de l'ensemble contenant 12/praticable 14 pour le faire reposer sur la balancelle 22 ; et
• fixation du contenant 12 ou de l'ensemble contenant 12/praticable 14 à la balancelle 22.

According to one embodiment, the loading of the container 12 or of the assembly containing 12 / walkable 14 on the wagon 10 may comprise the following steps:

• moving the container 12 or the container 12 / floor assembly 14 next to the wagon 10 on which the container 12 is to be loaded;
• lifting of the container 12 or of the assembly containing 12 / floor space 14;
• displacement in the transverse direction of the container 12 or of the assembly containing 12 / platform 14 relative to the wagon 10 to bring the container 12 or the assembly containing 12 / platform 14 above the wagon 10;
• lowering of the container 12 or of the assembly containing 12 / walkable 14 to make it rest on the swing 22; and
• attachment of the container 12 or the assembly containing 12 / floor 14 to the swing 22.

• libération des fixations entre le contenant 12 ou l'ensemble contenant 12/praticable 14 et le wagon 10 ;
• soulèvement du contenant 12 ou de l'ensemble contenant 12/praticable 14 par rapport au wagon 10 ;
• déplacement selon la direction transversale du contenant 12 ou de l'ensemble contenant 12/praticable 14 par rapport au wagon 10 pour amener le contenant 12 ou l'ensemble contenant 12/praticable 14 à côté du wagon 10 ; et
• abaissement du contenant 12 ou de l'ensemble contenant 12/praticable 14 pour le faire reposer sur le quai ou sur un véhicule de transport.

According to one embodiment, the unloading of the container 12 or of the assembly containing 12 / walkable 14 from the wagon 10 can comprise the following steps:

• release of the fixings between the container 12 or the assembly containing 12 / walkable 14 and the wagon 10;
• lifting of the container 12 or the assembly containing 12 / walkable 14 relative to the wagon 10;
• displacement in the transverse direction of the container 12 or of the container 12 / platform 14 assembly relative to the wagon 10 to bring the container 12 or the container 12 / platform 14 assembly to the side of the wagon 10; and
• lowering of the container 12 or of the container 12 / floor assembly 14 to make it rest on the dock or on a transport vehicle.

According to one embodiment, the movement, the lifting and the lowering of the container 12 or of the container 12 / walkable assembly 14 can be carried out by a dedicated device called a transporter, which can be completely automated. Alternatively, the transporter can be replaced by a pallet truck driven by an operator.

The figures 19, 20 and 21 are respectively a perspective view, and sectional views along two planes perpendicular and vertical of one embodiment of a transporter 170.

The transporter comprises two transshipment devices 172 connected by a connecting structure 174. The spacing between the two transshipment devices 172 corresponds to the spacing between the two housings 42 of the swing 22. figures 20 and 21 are sectional views of one of the transshipment devices 172.

• une base 176 à coussins d'air 178 ;
• une coque inférieure 180 ayant une section droite en forme de "U" et ayant un fond plat 182 ;
• un chariot 184 mobile reposant sur le fond 182 et comprenant :
  • un corps central 186 ;
  • des paires de roues 188 montées sur le corps central 186 ;
  • un plateau 192 reposant sur le corps central 186 du chariot 184 et fixé au corps central 186 ;
  • une coque supérieure 194, la coque supérieure 194 du dispositif de transbordement 172 située à droite en figure 19 n'étant pas représentée ; et
  • un système élévateur 196 adapté à déplacer en hauteur la coque supérieure 194 par rapport au plateau 192, le système élévateur 196 pouvant comprendre des vérins souples 198 ; et
• un système 190 de déplacement du chariot 184 adapté à faire sortir le chariot 184 par une extrémité de la coque inférieure 180 et à ramener le chariot 184 sur la coque inférieure 180, le système de déplacement étant représenté de façon très schématique en figure 21.

Each transshipment device 172 comprises:

• an air cushion base 176 178;
• a lower shell 180 having a "U" shaped cross section and having a flat bottom 182;
• a movable carriage 184 resting on the bottom 182 and comprising:
  • a central body 186;
  • pairs of wheels 188 mounted on the central body 186;
  • a plate 192 resting on the central body 186 of the carriage 184 and fixed to the central body 186;
  • an upper hull 194, the upper hull 194 of the transshipment device 172 located on the right in figure 19 not being represented; and
  • an elevator system 196 adapted to move the upper shell 194 in height relative to the platform 192, the elevator system 196 possibly comprising flexible jacks 198; and
• a system 190 for moving the carriage 184 adapted to bring out the carriage 184 through one end of the lower shell 180 and to bring the carriage 184 back to the lower shell 180, the movement system being shown very schematically in figure 21 .

The transporter 170 is intended to be moved on a dock by an automated manipulator vehicle, called automanipulator hereinafter, not shown, and which corresponds to a mobile vehicle suitable, for example, to cooperate with the link structure 174.

The figures 22 , 23 and 24 are respectively views similar to views 19, 20 and 21 of another embodiment of a transporter 200. The transporter 200 comprises all the elements of the transporter 170 with the difference that the base 176 of each transfer device 172 is provided with several pairs of wheels 202. According to one embodiment, the wheels 202 of each pair of wheels or of a set of pairs of wheels are driven by a motor 204 via a transmission system 206.

In the embodiment of the transporter 170, for each transshipment device 172, the system 190 for moving the carriage 184 rests on the base 176. Alternatively, in the embodiment of the transporter 200, the system 190 for moving the transporter. cart 184 comprises a motor 208, carried by the cart 184, and adapted to drive the wheels 188 of the cart 184.

The figures 25, 27 , 29, 30 , 32 and 33 are sectional views of a wagon 10 and a platform 210 at successive stages during an unloading operation of the container 12 transported by the wagon and the figures 26 , 28 and 31 are sectional views of the wagon 10 shown respectively on the figures 25, 27 and 30 in section planes perpendicular to the section planes of the figures 25, 27 and 30 .

An embodiment of a method for unloading the container 12 transported by the wagon 10 will be described using the transporter 170 shown in the drawings. figures 19, 20 and 21 . However, as an alternative, the ferry 200 shown in the figures 21, 22 and 23 can be used instead of the 170 ferry.

1. 1) Arrêt du wagon 10 transportant le contenant 12 le long d'un quai 210 de chargement/déchargement (figures 25 et 26). Des plots 212 peuvent être disposés sur le quai 210 aux emplacements où les supports 46 sont destinés à être déposé sur le quai 210. Les plots 212 sur lesquels se déposent les supports 46 peuvent être réalisés en matière synthétique, notamment du polyuréthane, pour absorber les bruits au moment du dépôt des supports 46. La hauteur de la balancelle 22 par rapport aux châssis 50 des bogies 20, visibles sur les figures 26, 28 et 31, du wagon 10 et donc par rapport aux rails 26 est ajustée par les dispositifs de suspension 62 des bogies 20, visibles sur les figures 26, 28 et 31. A titre d'exemple, comme cela est représenté sur les figures 25 et 26, la balancelle 22 est en position haute de sorte que les supports 46 ne sont pas en contact avec le quai 210. A titre d'exemple, la distance mesurée verticalement entre le plan du quai 210 et le plan au sommet des rails 26 peut être de l'ordre de 210 mm. Les éléments de fixation 142 du contenant 12 au wagon 10 sont libérés.
2. 2) Abaissement de la balancelle 22 pour la faire reposer sur les rails 26 (figures 27 et 28) par actionnement des dispositifs de suspension 62 des bogies 20. La balancelle 22 peut comprendre des zones 214 en matière synthétique, notamment du polyuréthane, aux emplacements destinés à être en contact avec les rails 26. Lors de la descente de la balancelle 22, les blocs 48 des deux supports 46 viennent au contact des plots 212 prévus sur le quai 210 et chaque support 46 peut se désolidariser au moins partiellement de la balancelle 22 sur laquelle il repose.
3. 3) Mise en place d'un transbordeur 170 en position sur le côté du wagon 10 (figure 29), chaque dispositif de transbordement 172 étant placé sensiblement dans l'alignement de l'un des supports 46 du wagon 10 selon la direction transversale. La coque supérieure 194 de chaque dispositif de transbordement 172 est en position extrême basse.
4. 4) Déplacement du chariot 184 de chaque dispositif de transbordement 172 selon la direction transversale sur le fond 49 du support 46 correspondant jusqu'à ce que le chariot 184 soit situé sous les éléments d'appui 134 du contenant 12 (figures 30 et 31) . La coque supérieure 194 de chaque chariot 184 est en position basse de façon à permettre le passage du chariot 184 sous le contenant 12.
5. 5) Actionnement du système élévateur 196 de chaque chariot 184 jusqu'à ce que la coque supérieure 194 vienne au contact des éléments d'appui 134 du contenant 12 et soulève le contenant 12 à distance des supports 46 (figure 32). Le contenant 12 est notamment élevé à une hauteur suffisante pour que, dans le cas où le contenant 12 correspond à une remorque, les roues 132 de la remorque 12 sont élevées au-dessus du niveau du quai 210.
6. 6) Déplacement de chaque chariot 184 portant le contenant 12 selon la direction transversale pour revenir sur la base 176 du dispositif de transbordement 172 (figure 33).

According to one embodiment, the method of unloading the container 12 transported by the wagon 10 comprises the following successive steps:

1. 1) Stop of the wagon 10 transporting the container 12 along a loading / unloading platform 210 ( figures 25 and 26 ). Plots 212 can be placed on the platform 210 at the locations where the supports 46 are intended to be placed on the platform 210. The studs 212 on which the supports 46 are placed can be made of synthetic material, in particular polyurethane, to absorb noise when the supports 46 are deposited. The height of the swing 22 relative to the frames 50 of the bogies 20, visible on the figures 26 , 28 and 31 , of the wagon 10 and therefore with respect to the rails 26 is adjusted by the suspension devices 62 of the bogies 20, visible on the figures 26 , 28 and 31 . By way of example, as shown in the figures 25 and 26 , the swing 22 is in the high position so that the supports 46 are not in contact with the platform 210. By way of example, the distance measured vertically between the plane of the platform 210 and the plane at the top of the rails 26 can be of the order of 210 mm. The fasteners 142 of the container 12 to the car 10 are released.
2. 2) Lowering the swing 22 to rest it on the rails 26 ( figures 27 and 28 ) by actuation of the suspension devices 62 of the bogies 20. The swing 22 may include areas 214 made of synthetic material, in particular polyurethane, at the locations intended to be in contact with the rails 26. When the swing 22 is lowered, the blocks 48 of the two supports 46 come into contact with the studs 212 provided on the platform 210 and each support 46 can be detached at least partially from the swing 22 on which it rests.
3. 3) Installation of a transporter 170 in position on the side of wagon 10 ( figure 29 ), each transfer device 172 being placed substantially in alignment with one of the supports 46 of the wagon 10 in the transverse direction. The upper hull 194 of each transshipment device 172 is in the extreme low position.
4. 4) Movement of the carriage 184 of each transfer device 172 in the transverse direction on the bottom 49 of the corresponding support 46 until the carriage 184 is located under the support elements 134 of the container 12 ( figures 30 and 31 ). The upper shell 194 of each cart 184 is made of low position so as to allow the carriage 184 to pass under the container 12.
5. 5) Actuation of the lifting system 196 of each trolley 184 until the upper shell 194 comes into contact with the support elements 134 of the container 12 and lifts the container 12 away from the supports 46 ( figure 32 ). The container 12 is in particular raised to a sufficient height so that, in the case where the container 12 corresponds to a trailer, the wheels 132 of the trailer 12 are raised above the level of the dock 210.
6. 6) Movement of each trolley 184 carrying the container 12 in the transverse direction to return to the base 176 of the transshipment device 172 ( figure 33 ).

The transporter 170 can then be moved to a location where the container 12 is unloaded.

The method of unloading a container 12 resting on a floor 14, and using the transporter 170 shown in the figures 19, 20 and 21 , can include steps 1) to 6) described above with the difference that it is the assembly containing 12 / walkable 14 which is unloaded.

• chargement du contenant 12 sur le transbordeur 170 ;
• mise en position du transbordeur 170 portant le contenant 12 sur le côté du wagon 10 destiné à recevoir le contenant 12, la hauteur de la balancelle 22 étant ajustée pour que le support 46 repose sur les plots 212 présents sur le quai 210 ;
• déplacement du chariot 184 de chaque dispositif de transbordement 172 selon la direction transversale sur le fond 49 du support 46 correspondant jusqu'à ce que le chariot 184 soit à la verticale du wagon 10, le système élévateur 196 de chaque chariot 184 étant actionné pour permettre le déplacement du contenant 12 ;
• actionnement du système élévateur 196 de chaque chariot 184 pour abaisser le contenant 12 jusqu'à ce que les éléments d'appui 134 du contenant 12 reposent sur les supports 46 ; et
• déplacement du chariot 184 de chaque dispositif de transbordement 172 pour le ramener sur la base 176.

An embodiment of a method of loading a container 12 onto a wagon 10 may comprise the steps 1) to 6) described above in reverse order, namely:

• loading the container 12 onto the transporter 170;
• positioning of the transporter 170 carrying the container 12 on the side of the wagon 10 intended to receive the container 12, the height of the swing 22 being adjusted so that the support 46 rests on the studs 212 present on the platform 210;
• movement of the carriage 184 of each transshipment device 172 in the transverse direction on the bottom 49 of the corresponding support 46 until the carriage 184 is vertical to the car 10, the lifting system 196 of each carriage 184 being actuated to allow moving the container 12;
• actuating the elevator system 196 of each cart 184 to lower the container 12 until the support members 134 of the container 12 rest on the supports 46; and
• movement of the carriage 184 of each transfer device 172 to bring it back to the base 176.

According to one embodiment, the platform located on one side of the wagon 10 is used for loading a container 12 on a wagon 10 and the platform located on the other side of the wagon 10 is used for unloading the container 12. As a variant, loading and unloading operations can be carried out on the same side of wagon 10.

The guiding of the automanipulator which moves the transporter 170 is, for example, provided by a laser system which reacts to a pre-established mapping. The choice of route on platform 210 can be transmitted to the automanipulator according to the availability of boarding and disembarking. In order not to impose a precise positioning of the container 12 at the edge of the road dock and to finalize the removal / recovery of the container 12, the final approach of the transporter 170 can be guided by means of a target placed on the container 12. The transporter 170 can be entirely self-sufficient in energy by means of a group which supplies it with the electricity and compressed air necessary for its operation. As a variant, during the displacement phase, the transporter 170 can receive from the automanipulator the compressed air necessary for its lifting system. The transporter 170 can have a reserve of air and a reserve of electrical energy which allow it, for safety, to make three loading / unloading cycles. The low power required by the motors of the ferry 170 for the transfer of the container 12 allows the installation of a set of batteries to supply the whole of the ferry 170. The operational orders of the ferry 170 can come directly from the train. The information between the transporter 170 and the wagon 10 can be carried out by contactless connection.

• l'ensemble des contenants routiers non motorisés ;
• les infrastructures TGV par une charge à l'essieu de 13,5 tonnes ;
• les infrastructures existantes par la répartition de la traction ;
• le déchargement/chargement automatisé en zone portuaire ;
• le passage des remorques de 4,2 m dans le gabarit GB+, c'est-à-dire dans un gabarit plus grand que le gabarit GB tel que défini par l'Union internationale des chemins de fer (UIC) ;
• la suppression du contrôle en gare par l'adaptation et l'homologation de la remorque ;
• le cycle d'échange :
  • qui n'immobilise route et rail que le temps du transfert ;
  • indépendant entre route et rail ;
  • indépendant du nombre de wagons.
• l'automatisation en gare comme sur le wagon de toutes les fonctions répétitives ;
• une vision du wagon isolé ;
• un service mixte voyageurs/marchandises sur le réseau secondaire électrifié ou non ;
• des équipements de transfert non solidaires du quai et proportionnels à l'activité ; et
• une forte prise en compte des nuisances sonores.

According to one embodiment, there is proposed a universal wagon 10 without a removable element with a mass for example of about 20 tonnes / 22 tonnes which makes it compatible with:

• all non-motorized road containers;
• TGV infrastructure with an axle load of 13.5 tonnes;
• the existing infrastructures by the distribution of traction;
• automated unloading / loading in the port area;
• the passage of 4.2 m trailers in the GB + gauge, that is to say in a gauge larger than the GB gauge as defined by the International Union of Railways (UIC);
• the elimination of control at the station by adapting and approving the trailer;
• the exchange cycle:
  • which only immobilizes road and rail for the duration of the transfer;
  • independent between road and rail;
  • independent of the number of wagons.
• automation in the station and on the wagon of all repetitive functions;
• a view of the isolated wagon;
• a mixed passenger / freight service on the secondary network, electrified or not;
• transfer equipment that is not integral with the wharf and is proportional to the activity; and
• strong consideration of noise pollution.

The absence of personnel at transit points paves the way for a fully automated vision of unaccompanied rail-road combined transport.

• pour chaque wagon 10 :
  • châssis 50 : 1600 * 2 = 3200 kg ;
  • suspension/motorisation de chaque bogie 20 : 2600 * 2 = 5200 kg ;
  • balancelle 22 : 6500 * 1 = 6500 kg ;
  • accessoires mécaniques : 4000 * 1 = 4000 kg ; et
  • liaison de traction : 2000 * 1 = 2000 kg ;
• masse totale d'un wagon 10 : 22 tonnes ;
• contenant 12 (et éventuellement praticable 14) : 33 tonnes ;
• masse roulante (wagon 10, contenant 12 et éventuellement praticable 14) : 54 tonnes/56 tonnes ;
• charge sur chaque essieu 56 : 13,5 tonnes ; et
• pour la remorque 12 de préférence :
  • hauteur plancher sur route : 1000 mm ;
  • hauteur plancher suspension relevé : 870 mm ;
  • hauteur sellette minimum sur route : 950 mm ; et
  • pneumatiques 445/45 R 19,5.

Examples of dimensions and weights will now be described:

• for each wagon 10:
  • chassis 50: 1600 * 2 = 3200 kg;
  • suspension / motorization of each bogie 20: 2600 * 2 = 5200 kg;
  • swing 22: 6500 * 1 = 6500 kg;
  • mechanical accessories: 4000 * 1 = 4000 kg; and
  • tensile bond: 2000 * 1 = 2000kg;
• total mass of a 10 wagon: 22 tonnes;
• containing 12 (and possibly walkable 14): 33 tonnes;
• rolling mass (wagon 10, containing 12 and possibly walkable 14): 54 tonnes / 56 tonnes;
• load on each axle 56: 13.5 tonnes; and
• for trailer 12 preferably:
  • floor height on the road: 1000 mm;
  • height of the raised suspension floor: 870 mm;
  • minimum fifth wheel height on the road: 950 mm; and
  • 445/45 R 19.5 tires.

According to one embodiment, an example of clearance on the rails may be 155 mm, which today corresponds to an axle equipped with 920 mm wheels and 610 mm brake discs. The upper part of a 4.2 m trailer is in this case at 4200- (100/80) +155 = 4255 mm / 4275 mm from the rail for an authorized value in GB + of 4320 mm.

• poutre : 2500 kg ;
• plateau : 1200 kg ;
• supports 46 : 300 kg ;
• remplissage : 850 kg ;
• contre pièces diverses : 1000 kg ;
• verrouillage : 4 * 65 = 260 kg ;
• total : 6500 kg.

An example of estimating the weight of the swing 22 and the supports 46 may be as follows:

• beam: 2500 kg;
• tray: 1200 kg;
• supports 46: 300 kg;
• filling: 850 kg;
• against various parts: 1000 kg;
• lock: 4 * 65 = 260 kg;
• total: 6500 kg.

Particular embodiments have been described. Various variations and modifications will be apparent to those skilled in the art. Thus, although embodiments of the transporter 170, 200 have been described in which the transshipment 172 are moved by an automanipulator, the transporter 170 or 190 and the automanipulator may correspond to only one vehicle.

Various embodiments with various variations have been described above. It will be noted that those skilled in the art will be able to combine various elements of these various embodiments and variants without showing any inventive step. Thus, the embodiment of the displacement system 190 described in relation to the transporter 200 can be implemented with the transporter 170. Similarly, the embodiment of the displacement system 190 described in relation to the transporter 170 can be implemented. implemented with the ferry 200.

Claims (11)

1. Wagon (10) comprising:

   at least two bogies (20), each bogie (20) comprising a frame (50) coupled to a first axle (56) driving first and second wheels (24) and to a second axle driving third and fourth wheels, each bogie further comprising at least one motor (58) for driving at least the first or the second axle; and

   a suspended tray (22) jointed on each bogie and coupled to each bogie by a suspension device (62) adapted to modifying the distance between the suspended tray and the bogie, the suspended tray (22) extending through the frame along the longitudinal direction of the wagon and comprising at least two recesses (42) extending along the transverse direction of the wagon.
2. Wagon according to claim 1, wherein the suspension device (62) is pneumatic.
3. Wagon according to claim 1 or 2, wherein, for each bogie (20), the suspension device (62) comprises at least one pneumatic jack (84) resting on the frame (50), a plate (86) resting on the pneumatic jack and coupled to the suspended tray (22) by at least one sling (90), the suspension device being adapted to drawing the plate away from or bringing it towards the frame by actuation of the pneumatic jack.
4. Wagon according to claim 3, wherein, for each bogie (20), the suspension device (62) comprises two pairs of pneumatic jacks (84) resting on the frame (50) and, for each pair of pneumatic jacks a plate (86) resting on the pneumatic jacks of the pair and coupled to the suspended tray (22) by at least one sling (90).
5. Wagon according to any of claims 1 to 4, wherein the suspended tray (22) comprises a single beam (34, 36, 38) extending along the longitudinal direction of the wagon and coupled to each bogie (20).
6. Wagon according to any of claims 1 to 5, comprising at least two supports (46) resting on the suspended tray (22) in said recesses (42) and extending along the transverse direction of the wagon on either side of the suspended tray.
7. Wagon according to any of claims 1 to 6, wherein the wagon is capable of receiving a support element (14) resting on the suspended tray (22) and having at least one container (12) intended to rest thereon.
8. System for loading/unloading a container (12), comprising at least one wagon according to any of claims 1 to 7 intended to transport the container and a transfer conveyor (170) adapted to loading the container onto the wagon or unloading the container from the wagon.
9. System according to claim 8, wherein the transfer conveyor (170) comprises at least two transfer devices (172) each comprising a base (176) and a carriage (184) mobile on the base and adapted to supporting the container, each carriage comprising a lifting system (196) adapted to vertically displacing the container.
10. Method for loading/unloading a container (12) onto/from a wagon (10) according to any of claims 1 to 7, comprising the steps of:

    actuating the suspension devices (62) of the wagon to lower the suspended tray (22) down to a first given position with respect to a dock (210);

    displacing the container along the transverse direction of the wagon and along the vertical direction to load the container onto the wagon or unload the container from the wagon; and

    actuating the suspension devices of the wagon to lift the suspended tray (22) up to a second given position with respect to the dock (210).
11. Loading/unloading method according to claim 10 wherein the wagon is according to claim 6, comprising the steps of:

    actuating the suspension devices (62) of the wagon (10) to lower the suspended tray (22) and deposit the supports (46) on the dock (210);

    displacing a carriage (184) on each support along the transverse direction of the wagon, each carriage comprising a hull; and

    lifting/lowering the hulls with respect to the supports to lift/deposit the container (12).

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