EP3351876B1 - Dispositif de distribution d'aliments ainsi que un procédé de fonctionnement d'un dispositif de distribution d'aliments - Google Patents

Dispositif de distribution d'aliments ainsi que un procédé de fonctionnement d'un dispositif de distribution d'aliments Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3351876B1
EP3351876B1 EP18150784.9A EP18150784A EP3351876B1 EP 3351876 B1 EP3351876 B1 EP 3351876B1 EP 18150784 A EP18150784 A EP 18150784A EP 3351876 B1 EP3351876 B1 EP 3351876B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
phase change
change material
food
dispensing device
food dispensing
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EP18150784.9A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP3351876A1 (fr
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Hupfer Metallwerke GmbH and Co KG
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Hupfer Metallwerke GmbH and Co KG
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25D—REFRIGERATORS; COLD ROOMS; ICE-BOXES; COOLING OR FREEZING APPARATUS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F25D11/00—Self-contained movable devices, e.g. domestic refrigerators
    • F25D11/006—Self-contained movable devices, e.g. domestic refrigerators with cold storage accumulators
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25D—REFRIGERATORS; COLD ROOMS; ICE-BOXES; COOLING OR FREEZING APPARATUS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F25D11/00—Self-contained movable devices, e.g. domestic refrigerators
    • F25D11/003—Transport containers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25D—REFRIGERATORS; COLD ROOMS; ICE-BOXES; COOLING OR FREEZING APPARATUS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F25D3/00—Devices using other cold materials; Devices using cold-storage bodies
    • F25D3/005—Devices using other cold materials; Devices using cold-storage bodies combined with heat exchangers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25D—REFRIGERATORS; COLD ROOMS; ICE-BOXES; COOLING OR FREEZING APPARATUS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F25D3/00—Devices using other cold materials; Devices using cold-storage bodies
    • F25D3/02—Devices using other cold materials; Devices using cold-storage bodies using ice, e.g. ice-boxes
    • F25D3/06—Movable containers

Definitions

  • the invention according to independent claims 1, 19 and 21 relates to a food dispensing device with at least one food receiving area and a coolant circuit.
  • the food dispensing device can be designed to be mobile as a trolley or also for stationary installation. Regardless of the specific design, the food dispensing device is usually provided to accommodate a large number of food portions and also different types of food and to keep them cold, while the individual portions are removed or even distributed by end consumers over a longer period of time.
  • the food distribution facility is intended for use in hospitals, company canteens, restaurants and other catering establishments. With a corresponding use, a high frequency of use and a large number of users result in temporarily high loads, with particularly high demands on hygiene and reliable cooling being made for the applications mentioned.
  • the requirements for the generic food dispensing device are therefore not comparable with the requirements that are placed on common household cooling devices.
  • Another disadvantage is that the known distribution of prepared portion combinations is extremely inflexible. For example, if a patient is absent due to examinations or the like, the appropriate food trays are usually left in the patient room, the food then being able to heat itself with an insulating tray cover.
  • the well-known buffet trolleys usually have cooled cupboard compartments and / or cooled surfaces in order to be able to store cold food and drinks.
  • the buffet trolleys can be stocked in a kitchen, in particular a large kitchen, and then brought into a breakfast room, for example.
  • a corresponding food dispensing device is not only limited to the area of hospitals, but can also be used in a particularly advantageous manner, for example in hotels, canteens or other food dispensers provided for a large number of people.
  • coolant circuits with a coolant compressor are used to cool cabinet compartments and cooled surfaces.
  • a network connection or large energy storage must then also be available for the food distribution, which can extend, for example, over a period of 1 to 2 hours, in order to ensure safe cooling of the food to, for example, below 7 °.
  • large cooling capacities are necessary, especially when distributing food, for example when a refrigerated cupboard compartment is opened and closed several times so that warm air from the environment can always flow in.
  • phase change material stores In household refrigerators, the use of phase change material stores with a phase change material is known in order to enable sufficient cooling or auxiliary cooling over a limited period of time in the event of power failures or also in the event of particular heat loads. For such applications, small phase change material stores are sufficient, in which walls and insulation made of plastic can be integrated in the usual way. When designing the phase change material store, it should be noted that this increases the weight and volume of the refrigerator. Corresponding cooling devices are from the publications US 9 052 127 B2 , WO 2013/156 839 A1 , U.S. 4,459,826 and EP 0 974 794 A2 known.
  • WO 2006/008 276 A1 such as GB 1,338,553 relate to freezers and freezers with a phase change material.
  • Further cooling devices with a phase change material are from the WO 2012/062 314 A1 , the US 2015/0153 087 A1 such as JPH02-17374 A known, whereby, according to the last-mentioned document, a mobile, network-independent use is made possible by a plurality of phase change material storage sections over a limited period of time.
  • the GB 319,881 teaches a device in which an ice bank is used to regulate the humidity in a cooling chamber.
  • Cooling devices with a coolant circuit are also from the DE 299 23 353 U1 and the DE 38 05 987 A1 known.
  • a type of refrigerator which also has a coolant circuit, a cooling effect being made possible by means of an ice store in the event of a power failure over a certain period of time.
  • the present invention is based on the object of specifying a food dispensing device, in particular for hospitals, canteens, restaurants and large kitchens, which can be operated particularly flexibly and efficiently.
  • the subject matter of the invention and the solution to the problem is a food dispensing device according to patent claim 1.
  • the invention also relates to a method for mobile or stationary operation of the food dispensing device according to patent claims 19 and 21.
  • the invention thus specifically relates to a food dispensing device for the storage, provision and dispensing of chilled food with at least one food receiving area, a coolant circuit and a phase change material storage device, which has an at least partially metallic, permanently installed storage housing filled with a phase change material and is in heat exchange with a coolant circuit , wherein the phase change material is a liquid with a freezing point between -15 ° C and 0 ° C and the volume of the storage housing filled with the phase change material is between 2 l and 20 l.
  • the phase change material storage is usually fixed in the Arranged food dispensing device, for which purpose it can be fastened, in particular screwed, to a base frame of the food dispensing device, for example. According to the invention, the food dispensing device ensures adequate cooling even without the coolant circuit being operated through the phase change material store.
  • the coolant circuit is acted upon by an electrically driven coolant compressor integrated in the food dispensing device with a flow of a refrigerant. If the coolant compressor is then de-energized, sufficient cooling of food takes place exclusively through the phase change material storage, which thus provides a buffer effect.
  • the coolant circuit thus primarily serves to build up a cold reservoir in the phase change material store, the actual cooling of the food then taking place through the phase change material store, even when the coolant circuit is not operated.
  • the coolant circuit does not have to be designed for the peak loads occurring during operation. Both in buffet trolleys in hospitals and in stationary food distribution facilities in restaurants, canteens or other catering establishments, the cooling capacity required varies greatly throughout the day.
  • chilled foods such as portioned salads, yoghurts, desserts or the like are kept ready over a long period of time, for example a whole day, but only at specific time intervals, for example during a lunch or breakfast break, large amounts of food are removed.
  • the food is arranged in a compartment or behind a cover, this is opened each time it is removed, so that there is then a particularly high need for cooling at the meal times described.
  • the phase change material store forms a cold reservoir in order to be able to compensate for such peak loads.
  • the cooling capacity of the phase change material store is greater than the cooling capacity of the coolant circuit.
  • the cooling capacity of the phase change material store is at least twice the cooling capacity of the coolant circuit over a period of at least 30 minutes. Larger ratios of, for example, 3: 1 and more can easily be achieved through a corresponding design of the phase change material store and of the coolant circuit.
  • the coolant circuit of the food dispenser does not have to be designed for the peak loads, but only for the loads to be expected on average, which results in a particularly compact design, low noise generation and efficient energy utilization.
  • components and, in particular, coolant compressors can also be used for use in buffet trolleys and other food dispensers, which according to the prior art were not considered for such applications and are only used in simple household appliances such as refrigerators. These are mass products, which are characterized by low noise, a compact size and low manufacturing costs.
  • the coolant compressor generates a noise during operation with a sound pressure level of less than 35 dB.
  • the specification of the sound pressure level relates to a customary determination of the volume at a distance of 1 m from the coolant compressor alone, without further measures for sound insulation being provided with regard to such a determination.
  • the sound pressure level is particularly preferably less than 32 dB, for example 30 dB.
  • the coolant compressor can have an electrical connection power between 50 W and 150 W, for example.
  • the coolant compressor is preferably designed as a linear compressor, which promotes low noise development and high efficiency.
  • a coolant compressor is preferred which can be used immediately after the food dispensing device has been transported or moved without any pauses. This requirement can be met in particular by linear compressors, especially if they do not require oil lubrication. In principle, however, certain configurations of other types of compressors, such as reciprocating compressors, can also be considered.
  • the effective cooling capacity of the coolant circuit is typically greater than the electrical connection capacity of the coolant compressor.
  • the coolant circuit is only dependent on the average to be expected Cooling capacity designed, with peak loads being compensated for by the phase change material storage built up over a long period of time.
  • the cooling capacity of the phase change material store can easily be 300 W and more.
  • the cooling circuit is led into the storage housing and there is in a direct heat exchange with the phase change material.
  • the cooling circuit within the storage housing has cooling coils, for which purpose, for example, a coolant line of the coolant circuit is laid in a meandering manner within the storage housing in order to provide the largest possible surface for heat exchange.
  • a cooling coil for example, ribs or the like can in principle also be provided for a further increase in the areas relevant for the heat exchange.
  • Metal sheets are preferably arranged in the storage housing.
  • the coolant circuit is primarily intended to build up a cold reservoir in the phase change material store, the latent heat of the phase change material being used. Outside the storage enclosure, the supply lines of the coolant circuit can optionally also be provided with insulation in order to avoid the formation of condensation there.
  • a liquid with a freezing point between -15 ° C and 0 ° C is preferably provided as the phase change material.
  • the freezing point can be between -12 ° C. and -2 ° C., for which purpose, for example, a brine liquid, that is to say an aqueous salt solution, can be used.
  • a brine liquid that is to say an aqueous salt solution.
  • the freezing point of the liquid is preferably below 0 ° C in order to enable the most efficient cooling possible.
  • the storage temperature of the food consumed is usually between 0 ° C and 10 ° C, in particular between 2 ° C and 7 ° C.
  • the volume of the storage housing filled with the phase change material is between 2 l (liters) and 20 l, in particular between 3 l and 10 l.
  • the volume of the storage housing filled with the phase change material is dimensioned in such a way that sufficient cooling is ensured over a predetermined period of time by the phase change material storage alone. This period of time can be between 1 hour and 3 hours, for example.
  • the storage housing preferably has a cuboid shape.
  • the storage housing for accommodating the phase change material in its interior has a height and a base area with a width and a length, the width and the length each being between 150 mm and 700 mm and the height between 40 mm and is 120 mm.
  • a coherent, uniform interior space is thus provided, which provides the aforementioned volume for the phase change material of preferably 2 l to 20 l.
  • phase change material store is charged, as it were, by the freezing of the phase change material with the aid of the coolant circuit, with self-sufficient operation then being made possible.
  • phase change material store enables cooling over a period of, for example, 1 to 3 hours in an autarkic operation by continuously melting the phase change material.
  • the time intervals available for building up the phase change material store by freezing the phase change material are often significantly greater.
  • the phase change material store can often be charged overnight over a period of at least 6 or, for example, 8 hours.
  • the performance of the coolant circuit is also reduced, as a result of which the size and the costs of the corresponding devices of the coolant circuit - as already explained above - are reduced.
  • a comparatively small coolant compressor is sufficient, which then freezes the phase change material in the phase change material storage unit over a longer period of time - for example overnight - converting latent heat, while a significantly greater cooling capacity is then called up by appropriately dimensioning and designing the phase change material storage unit in self-sufficient cooling mode .
  • the food dispensing device has at least one food receiving area, which is designed, for example, as a cooled surface and as a cooled cabinet compartment.
  • the food dispensing device has at least a first food receiving area in the form of a cooled surface and a second food receiving area in the form of a cooled cabinet compartment.
  • the phase change material store is then expediently arranged between the first food receiving area and the second food receiving area.
  • a cooling fin body can also be present on an outside of the storage housing in order to enable more efficient cooling.
  • the interstices between successive ribs of the cooling fin body expediently have a distance of more than 4 mm, a distance of between 4 mm and 10 mm.
  • the food receiving area is cooled by the phase change material store. Because the coolant circuit has an electrically driven coolant compressor integrated into the food dispensing device, it does not have to be supplied with electrical energy during autonomous operation.
  • a fan and / or a temperature sensor can be connected to the control device of the food dispensing device. It is thus possible to monitor the temperature at a suitable point, for example within the food receiving area designed as a cupboard compartment and then to increase the air circulation in the cupboard compartment by means of the fan if stronger cooling is necessary.
  • the fan can be provided to blow on the optimally present cooling fin body and thus to ensure particularly efficient cooling.
  • a semi-active cooling is achieved by blowing on the storage housing and in particular the cooling fin body preferably provided on it, whereby particularly high cooling capacities can be called up.
  • door sensors, displays, input fields or the like can also be connected to the control device, these electrical devices also generally having only a very low energy requirement, so that only small batteries are sufficient for operation.
  • the electrical energy store has a capacity between 10 Wh (watt-hour) and 100 Wh.
  • the result is a very low weight, with such a small accumulator also can be handled and loaded particularly easily and safely.
  • the accumulator provided within the scope of the invention with a small capacity can also be charged with commercially available, inexpensive power supplies such as a power supply unit via a series resistor or a simple charge control.
  • the storage housing is at least partially and preferably completely made of metal.
  • An upper cover of the storage housing can, for example, be designed directly as a cold plate, which defines a cooled surface as the first food receiving area.
  • the coolant circuit is preferably filled with a chlorine- and fluorine-free refrigerant.
  • the refrigerant R600a can be provided, for example, which is characterized by a low GWP value (Global Warming Potential).
  • Corresponding coolants can also be used over the long term in accordance with currently applicable regulations.
  • the coolant circuit can be designed to be small in relation to the cooling capacities provided by the phase change material store in the event of a peak load, only a comparatively small amount of refrigerant is necessary.
  • the coolant circuit only contains between 20 g and 70 g of refrigerant. By using only small amounts of Refrigerant can also be used to further increase the security with regard to any malfunctions, damage or manipulation.
  • the food dispensing device is designed to be mobile and accordingly has a chassis with which the food dispensing device can be moved.
  • the food dispensing device can be designed as a buffet trolley.
  • the food dispenser according to the invention is operated independently with the phase change material storage and accordingly the coolant compressor is not in operation, there are still further special advantages, because then the food dispenser is completely noiseless or almost noiseless when only one blower, in particular a simple fan, is operated. In addition, no waste heat is produced, which can be a considerable advantage, especially for mobile use in small rooms. By using a blower or fan, very high cooling capacities can be called up without waste heat being generated.
  • the buffer effect of the food dispensing device according to the invention is not only advantageous for mobile operation. Especially in the area of hospitals and other large companies there are peak loads in the electrical power supply distributed throughout the day, which are disadvantageous. In the case of electrical power supply, peak loads are to be avoided with regard to the availability of electrical power. Accordingly, the electricity price is often calculated depending on the load, with a high Availability of electricity and a low network load result in a low electricity price.
  • the food dispensing device can also be used particularly advantageously in stationary operation.
  • the different possible uses also result from the method described below for operating the food dispensing device according to the invention.
  • the invention also relates to a method for mobile operation of a food dispenser according to claim 19, the coolant circuit of which has an electrically driven coolant compressor integrated into the food dispenser, wherein the food dispenser can be moved with a chassis, for example rollers.
  • the method according to the invention provides that, when the electrically driven coolant compressor is connected to the network, the phase change material is frozen in the storage housing through a heat exchange between the coolant circuit and the phase change material storage device, and a cold reservoir is thus built up, the phase change material storage unit being set up after a subsequent network separation of the coolant compressor by melting the phase change material causes self-sufficient cooling of the food receiving area previously stocked with food. A mains connection is not necessary during the self-sufficient cooling.
  • the food dispensing device for example, equipped as a buffet trolley, can thus be taken from a central kitchen to a food counter, for example a breakfast room in a hotel or in a ward of a hospital, and transferred there can be used independently for a certain period of time. This results in a high level of security and flexibility. Since uninterrupted cooling is guaranteed by the coolant circuit even when connected to the mains, the food can of course also be left in or on the food dispensing device.
  • a small accumulator Even if small amounts of electrical energy are required to provide optional comfort functions, this can easily be provided by a small accumulator.
  • sensors, fans and displays can be operated with such an accumulator and a controller. With a sensor, the temperature can be actively controlled and the temperature can be precisely documented. If the control also has a storage device, then corresponding temperature data can also be stored for documentation purposes, for example. In principle, wired or wireless data transmission of corresponding information is also possible.
  • the phase change material is frozen with the coolant compressor connected to the mains over a period of at least 6 hours.
  • the phase change material store serves to compensate for peak loads in the provision of the cooling capacity, so that comparatively low connection values are achieved in an electrically operated coolant compressor.
  • the food dispensing device according to the invention thus loads a power supply system less heavily, even at peak times, so that the energy requirement of the food dispensing device according to the invention is often negligible.
  • the invention accordingly also relates to a method according to claim 21 for the stationary operation of the food dispensing device described above, the coolant circuit having an electrically driven coolant compressor integrated into the food dispensing device.
  • the food dispenser is connected as an electrical consumer to a power consumer system with a large number of other electrical consumers, the activation and deactivation of the electrically driven coolant compressor taking place depending on the load of the entire power consumer system in such a way that the coolant compressor is not operated at least during peak loads in the power consumer system and meanwhile sufficient cooling of the at least one food receiving area is effected by the phase change material store.
  • a simple time control in the manner of a time switch can take place on the basis of empirical values.
  • the electrically driven refrigerant compressor is then deactivated at the times when peak loads are expected.
  • a control is also possible that takes into account the current loads of the electricity consumers.
  • the food dispensing device can, for example, be connected to a suitable central controller, both wired and wireless data communication being possible.
  • the Fig. 1 shows a food dispensing device which is designed as a buffet trolley.
  • the buffet trolley is intended to hold various foods, crockery and cutlery as well as beverage cans.
  • food receiving areas are provided which also allow food to be cooled to be received.
  • a cooled surface 1 is visible, on which, for example, trays or gastro containers with sausage, cheese, quark or the like can be placed, with the corresponding food being kept ready in such a way that individual portions can be removed.
  • the size of the cooled surface 1 can be based on the standardization in the catering sector.
  • the cooled surface 1 according to DIN EN 631 can have a size of GN1 / 1 (350 ⁇ 325 mm).
  • the buffet trolley is provided so that users, for example patients in a hospital or guests in a hotel, can select and compose meals as they wish.
  • a cooled cupboard compartment 3 which will be explained in more detail below, which can accommodate further foodstuffs to be cooled enables.
  • the food already arranged on the cooled surface 1 can be kept ready in the cooled cupboard compartment 3 in further portions as a supply, but other food items such as yoghurt, milk or the like can also be accommodated.
  • the Fig. 2 shows the embodiment of the buffet trolley according to the invention, in which a phase change material store 4 is provided between the cooled surface 1 and the cooled cabinet compartment 3.
  • the phase change material store 4 has a storage housing 5 filled with a phase change material (not shown), the phase change material store 4 exchanging heat with a cooling circuit 6.
  • the cooling circuit 6 comprises a coolant compressor 7 integrated into the food dispensing device as well as feed lines 8 which are led to the phase change material store 4 and are only shown schematically and can optionally be insulated.
  • the Fig. 3 shows the specific configuration of the phase change material store 4, with an upper cover 9 of the storage housing 5, which forms the cooled surface 1 on its upper side, has been partially broken away for better illustration.
  • the cooling circuit 6 is led into the storage housing 5 and there the cooling coil 10 has.
  • the cooling coils 10 are formed in that a coolant line is laid in a meandering shape, the cooling coil 10 being received by grooved support plates 11.
  • the support plates 11 are designed in such a way that they largely fill the interior of the storage housing 5.
  • the support plates 11 thus also serve for particularly effective heat conduction within the phase change material store 4.
  • the coolant compressor 7 conveys a suitable, preferably chlorine- and fluorine-free, refrigerant into the cooling circuit 6, heat is withdrawn from the phase change material accommodated in the storage housing 5, as a result of which it freezes.
  • the volume of the storage housing 5 is between 2 l and 20 l, in particular between 3 l and 10 l. Freezing the phase change material creates a cold reservoir. The heat of fusion then required for thawing the phase change material again ensures that the cooled surface 1 and the cooled cabinet compartment 3 are kept below a predetermined maximum temperature of, for example + 7 ° C, even without further cooling by the coolant circuit.
  • the Phase change material storage 4 has a cooling fin body 13 on an outside of storage housing 5.
  • the food dispensing device according to FIG Fig. 2 a control device 14 and a small electrical energy store 15 in the form of an accumulator.
  • a fan 16 and a temperature sensor 17 are connected to the control device 14.
  • the cooling fin body 13 can be blown against with the aid of the fan 16 in order to achieve increased cooling.
  • the need for increased cooling can be determined by the temperature sensor 17.
  • control device 14 Further devices can also be integrated into the control device 14 or connected to the control device 14. For example, it is expedient to interrupt the fan 16 when the door is opened in order to avoid excessive loss of cold. For this purpose, a door contact can also be connected to the control device 14. Furthermore, it is also possible to store the data recorded by the temperature sensor 17 in the control device 14 and, if necessary, to transmit them for documentation purposes.
  • the storage housing 5 is formed in a simple manner from metal. While the upper cover 9 is present on the upper side and the cooling fin body 13 is present on the lower side, a circumferential frame can be formed from sheet metal, in particular stainless steel sheet, for example.
  • the Fig. 4 shows, purely as an example, a possible course of the cooling capacity.
  • a large cooling capacity can be provided by the phase change material store 4, even in autarkic operation.
  • the Fig. 4 In this context, however, shows an embodiment in which the food dispensing device according to claim 1 is connected to a power supply system, so that the cooling circuit 6 is also operated via the coolant compressor 7.
  • the cooling capacity provided by the coolant circuit 6 is shown in the diagram in FIG Fig. 4 shown as P comp .
  • the cooling capacity actually called up is shown as a curve, with a particularly high cooling capacity being necessary in a certain period of time, for example at lunchtime.
  • phase change material store in the event of a peak load, a self-sufficient cooling capacity is provided which is easily a factor of 2 or more above the cooling capacity P comp of the cooling circuit 6.
  • the phase change material store 4 is degraded in that the phase change material melts. If, on the other hand, the demand for cooling power falls below the value P Komp , the liquid phase change material freezes again and the phase change material storage device 4 is charged, as it were.
  • the different cycles are highlighted purely by way of example with different diagonal hatching.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Devices That Are Associated With Refrigeration Equipment (AREA)

Claims (21)

  1. Dispositif de distribution d'aliments pour le stockage, la mise à disposition, et la distribution d'aliments réfrigérés avec au moins une zone de réception d'aliments, un circuit d'agent réfrigérant (6) et un stockeur de matériau à changement de phase (4), lequel présente un logement de stockage (5) installé à demeure, au moins partiellement métallique, rempli avec un matériau à changement de phase, dans lequel le stockeur de matériau à changement de phase (4) est en relation d'échange de chaleur avec le circuit d'agent réfrigérant (6) et est prévu et réalisé pour le refroidissement autonome des aliments lorsque le circuit d'agent réfrigérant (6) n'est pas mis en fonctionnement, dans lequel le matériau à changement de phase est un liquide avec un point de congélation compris entre -15 °C et 0 °C, et le volume du logement de stockage (5) rempli avec le matériau à changement de phase est compris entre 2 l et 20 l, dans lequel le circuit d'agent réfrigérant (6) présente un compresseur frigorifique à commande électrique (7) intégré dans le dispositif de distribution d'aliments, dans lequel la puissance frigorifique du stockeur de matériau à changement de phase (4) est supérieure à la puissance frigorifique du circuit d'agent réfrigérant (6).
  2. Dispositif de distribution d'aliments selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que le circuit d'agent réfrigérant (6) est amené dans le logement de stockage (5) et y est en relation directe d'échange de chaleur avec le matériau à changement de phase.
  3. Dispositif de distribution d'aliments selon la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce que le circuit d'agent réfrigérant (6) présente des serpentins de refroidissement (10) à l'intérieur du logement de stockage (5).
  4. Dispositif de distribution d'aliments selon l'une des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé en ce que le logement de stockage (5) présente une forme parallélépipédique.
  5. Dispositif de distribution d'aliments selon la revendication 4, caractérisé en ce que le logement de stockage (5) pour réceptionner le matériau à changement de phase présente, dans son intérieur, une hauteur (h) ainsi qu'une surface de base avec une largeur (b) et une longueur (l), dans lequel la largeur (b) et la longueur (l) sont respectivement comprises entre 150 mm et 700 mm et dans lequel la hauteur (h) est comprise entre 40 mm et 120 mm.
  6. Dispositif de distribution d'aliments selon l'une des revendications 1 à 5, caractérisé en ce que des tôles sont disposées dans le logement de stockage.
  7. Dispositif de distribution d'aliments selon l'une des revendications 1 à 6, caractérisé en ce que la zone de réception d'aliments est réalisée en tant que surface réfrigérée (1) et rayon réfrigéré (3).
  8. Dispositif de distribution d'aliments selon la revendication 7, caractérisé en ce qu'une première zone de réception d'aliments est formée par une surface réfrigérée (1) et une deuxième zone de réception d'aliments est formée par un rayon réfrigéré (3), dans lequel le stockeur de matériau à changement de phase (4) est disposé entre la première zone de réception d'aliments et la deuxième zone de réception d'aliments.
  9. Dispositif de distribution d'aliments selon l'une des revendications 1 à 8, caractérisé en ce que le stockeur de matériau à changement de phase (4) présente, sur un côté extérieur du logement de stockage (5), un corps à ailettes de refroidissement (13) .
  10. Dispositif de distribution d'aliments selon l'une des revendications 1 à 9, caractérisé par un accumulateur d'énergie électrique (15) et un dispositif de commande (14) auquel au moins un ventilateur (16) et/ou un capteur de température (17) est raccordé.
  11. Dispositif de distribution d'aliments selon la revendication 10, caractérisé en ce que l'accumulateur d'énergie électrique (15) présente une capacité comprise entre 10 Wh (Wattheure) et 100 Wh.
  12. Dispositif de distribution d'aliments selon l'une des revendications 1 à 11, caractérisé en ce que le logement de stockage (5) est réalisé entièrement en métal.
  13. Dispositif de distribution d'aliments selon l'une des revendications 1 à 12, caractérisé en ce que le circuit d'agent réfrigérant (6) est rempli avec un agent réfrigérant sans chlore et sans fluor.
  14. Dispositif de distribution d'aliments selon l'une des revendications 1 à 13, caractérisé en ce que le circuit d'agent réfrigérant (6) contient entre 20 g et 70 g d'agent réfrigérant.
  15. Dispositif de distribution d'aliments selon l'une des revendications 1 à 14, caractérisé en ce que la puissance frigorifique du stockeur de matériau à changement de phase (4) est, pendant une durée d'au moins 30 minutes, d'au moins du double de la puissance frigorifique du circuit d'agent réfrigérant (6).
  16. Dispositif de distribution d'aliments selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que le compresseur frigorifique (7) présente, lors du fonctionnement, une émission de bruit avec un niveau de pression acoustique de moins de 35 dB.
  17. Dispositif de distribution d'aliments selon la revendication 1 ou 16, caractérisé en ce que le compresseur frigorifique (7) présente une puissance électrique connectée comprise entre 50 W et 100 W.
  18. Dispositif de distribution d'aliments selon l'une des revendications 1 à 16, caractérisé par un mécanisme de roulement qui permet un déplacement.
  19. Procédé de fonctionnement mobile d'un dispositif de distribution d'aliments selon les revendications 1 et 18 avec
    au moins une zone de réception d'aliments, un circuit d'agent réfrigérant (6) et un stockeur de matériau à changement de phase (4) qui présente un logement de stockage (5) installé à demeure, au moins partiellement métallique, rempli avec un matériau à changement de phase, dans lequel le stockeur de matériau à changement de phase (4) est en relation d'échange de chaleur avec le circuit d'agent réfrigérant (6) et est prévu et réalisé pour le refroidissement autonome des aliments lorsque le circuit d'agent réfrigérant (6) n'est pas mis en fonctionnement, dans lequel le matériau à changement de phase est un liquide avec un point de congélation compris entre -15 °C et 0 °C et le volume du logement de stockage (5) rempli avec le matériau à changement de phase est compris entre 2 l et 20 l, dans lequel la puissance frigorifique du stockeur de matériau à changement de phase (4) est supérieure à la puissance frigorifique du circuit d'agent réfrigérant (6), dans lequel le circuit d'agent réfrigérant (6) présente un compresseur frigorifique à commande électrique (7) intégré dans le dispositif de distribution d'aliments,
    et dans lequel, en cas de raccordement au réseau du compresseur frigorifique à commande électrique (7), grâce à un échange de chaleur entre le circuit d'agent réfrigérant (6) et le stockeur de matériau à changement de phase (4), le matériau à changement de phase dans le logement de stockage (5) est congelé et une réserve de froid est ainsi constituée, et dans lequel le stockeur de matériau à changement de phase (4) provoque, pendant la fonte du matériau à changement de phase, un refroidissement autonome de la zone de réception d'aliments préalablement garnie d'aliments.
  20. Procédé selon la revendication 19, dans lequel la congélation du matériau à changement de phase en raccordant le compresseur frigorifique (7) au réseau s'effectue sur une durée d'au moins 6 heures.
  21. Procédé pour le fonctionnement stationnaire d'un dispositif de distribution d'aliments avec au moins une zone de réception d'aliments, un circuit d'agent réfrigérant (6) et un stockeur de matériau à changement de phase (4), lequel présente un logement de stockage (5) installé à demeure, au moins partiellement métallique, rempli avec un matériau à changement de phase, dans lequel le stockeur de matériau à changement de phase (4) est en relation d'échange de chaleur avec le circuit d'agent réfrigérant (6) et est prévu et réalisé pour le refroidissement autonome des aliments lorsque le circuit d'agent réfrigérant (6) n'est pas mis en fonctionnement, dans lequel le matériau à changement de phase est un liquide avec un point de congélation compris entre -15 °C et 0 °C et le volume du logement de stockage (5) rempli avec le matériau à changement de phase est compris entre 2 l et 20 l, dans lequel la puissance frigorifique du stockeur de matériau à changement de phase (4) est supérieure à la puissance frigorifique du circuit d'agent réfrigérant (6), dans lequel le circuit d'agent réfrigérant (6) présente un compresseur frigorifique à commande électrique (7) intégré dans le dispositif de distribution d'aliments,
    et dans lequel le dispositif de distribution d'aliments est raccordé en tant que consommateur électrique à un système de consommateurs électriques avec une pluralité d'autres consommateurs électriques, et dans lequel l'activation et la désactivation du compresseur frigorifique à commande électrique (7) s'effectue en fonction de la charge de l'ensemble du système de consommateurs électriques de telle sorte qu'au moins en cas de pointes de charge du système de consommateurs électriques, le compresseur frigorifique (7) ne fonctionne pas et que pendant ce temps, un refroidissement autonome de la zone de réception d'aliments est provoqué par le stockeur de matériau à changement de phase (4).
EP18150784.9A 2017-01-19 2018-01-09 Dispositif de distribution d'aliments ainsi que un procédé de fonctionnement d'un dispositif de distribution d'aliments Active EP3351876B1 (fr)

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