Classifications

• • G—PHYSICS
  • G04—HOROLOGY
  • G04D—APPARATUS OR TOOLS SPECIALLY DESIGNED FOR MAKING OR MAINTAINING CLOCKS OR WATCHES
  • G04D1/00—Gripping, holding, or supporting devices
  • G04D1/08—Tools for setting or removing hands
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A44—HABERDASHERY; JEWELLERY
  • A44C—PERSONAL ADORNMENTS, e.g. JEWELLERY; COINS
  • A44C17/00—Gems or the like
  • A44C17/04—Setting gems in jewellery; Setting-tools
  • A44C17/043—Setting-tools
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
  • B23K1/00—Soldering, e.g. brazing, or unsoldering
  • B23K1/0008—Soldering, e.g. brazing, or unsoldering specially adapted for particular articles or work
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
  • B23K1/00—Soldering, e.g. brazing, or unsoldering
  • B23K1/06—Soldering, e.g. brazing, or unsoldering making use of vibrations, e.g. supersonic vibrations
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
  • B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
  • B23K20/10—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating making use of vibrations, e.g. ultrasonic welding
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
  • B23P19/00—Machines for simply fitting together or separating metal parts or objects, or metal and non-metal parts, whether or not involving some deformation; Tools or devices therefor so far as not provided for in other classes
  • B23P19/02—Machines for simply fitting together or separating metal parts or objects, or metal and non-metal parts, whether or not involving some deformation; Tools or devices therefor so far as not provided for in other classes for connecting objects by press fit or for detaching same
  • B23P19/033—Machines for simply fitting together or separating metal parts or objects, or metal and non-metal parts, whether or not involving some deformation; Tools or devices therefor so far as not provided for in other classes for connecting objects by press fit or for detaching same using vibration
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
  • B28D—WORKING STONE OR STONE-LIKE MATERIALS
  • B28D5/00—Fine working of gems, jewels, crystals, e.g. of semiconductor material; apparatus or devices therefor
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G04—HOROLOGY
  • G04D—APPARATUS OR TOOLS SPECIALLY DESIGNED FOR MAKING OR MAINTAINING CLOCKS OR WATCHES
  • G04D3/00—Watchmakers' or watch-repairers' machines or tools for working materials
  • G04D3/04—Devices for placing bearing jewels, bearing sleeves, or the like in position

Definitions

• the present invention relates to the method of ultrasound scavenging, more specifically to a technique of soldering and / or soldering at the interface between at least two components resulting from the controlled dissipation of the ultrasound energy superimposed on the movement of least one component.
• Hunting is a commonly known attachment technique practiced to assemble at least two components without external filler material and without additional parts during the entire lifetime of the components and with the possibility of at least one disassembly. According to the conventional hunting method, holding
• the conventional driving method suffers from several disadvantages such as, but not limited to, relatively high driving forces compared to the mechanical strengths obtained.
• These high driving forces add additional technical functions to the components that are often expensive to produce. These functions serve, for example, to increase the elastic limit of the material of at least one component or to increase at least one of the critical dimensions of at least one component in order to lower the corresponding mechanical stress and thus prevent plastic deformations. of these components.
• Such constructions are in particular used for the assembly of watch wheels made of a fragile material such as silicon.
• the aim is to reduce the driving forces and therefore the mechanical stresses.
• the use of ultrasound hunting makes it possible to achieve this same objective without modifying the construction or the material of the components by reducing the intrinsic driving force of the object of the invention.
• the high hunting forces typical of conventional hunting sometimes require the addition of expensive additional operations to the operating range.
• the use of particular oils or greases, applied to at least one component makes it possible in certain cases to reduce the driving forces. These lubricants may have a negative impact on subsequent manufacturing operations or require additional washing operations.
• An object of the invention is to provide an improved method compared to the state of the art.
• an object of the invention and to propose a hunting method more efficient than those known, which has a better performance, requires a reduced driving force while achieving a better mechanical resistance of the parts assembled by this method.
• the ultrasonic driving method is a technique of attachment between a first component and at least one other component by soldering and / or welding at the interface between these components.
• the technical invention resides in particular in an original and inventive application of ultrasonic charging microtechnic components, that is to say, components of which at least one functional dimension is less than or equal to about three millimeters, as a non-limiting example.
• the control of the energy dissipation of the ultrasound for example by adjusting the acoustic impedance of the interface between the components, is necessary.
• the gains and good properties related to the subject of the invention are obtained only for a restricted energy range, for example between 100 mJ, and dependent on each application case. This very precise control is difficult to achieve for microtechnical dimensions.
• solder and / or solder points mainly responsible for the mechanical strength of such an assembly are obtained, without any dimensional change and / or aesthetic degradation of the components, by locally increasing the temperature at the contact points of the assembly. interface between components through controlled dissipation of ultrasound energy.
• the invention relates to a method of driving at least a first component in a second component by superimposing a mechanical wave of ultrasonic frequency to the movement of at least one of the components.
• at least one functional dimension is less than or equal to about three millimeters and a method of adjusting the process parameters allows control of the amount of energy dissipated at the interface between the two components.
• the ultrasound propagation directions are composed of at least one selected vibratory mode, one of whose directions is for example, but not only, parallel to the movement of the driving tool, perpendicular to the movement of the hunting tool and / or tangential to the latter.
• the ultrasound is defined as a longitudinal mechanical wave, respectively radial and / or torsion.
• the ultrasound energy is dissipated in a controlled manner to the asperities of the interface in contact between the components.
• this control is achieved through the adjustment of the acoustic impedance at the contact points of the interface.
• the dissipated energy of the ultrasound very locally raises the temperature of these contact points until at least the degradation of the mechanical properties of these points of contact or their fusion.
• the degradation of the mechanical properties and / or the melting of the contact points between the components significantly reduces the driving force compared to a conventional driving method, that is to say without overlapping ultrasound.
• the increase of the temperature at the interface contact points accelerates the local diffusion between the components until solder points and / or solder points without dimensional change or aesthetic degradation of the components. components, but with a significant increase in the mechanical strength of the ultrasonically driven assembly compared to a conventional driving method, that is to say without ultrasonic superposition.
• increasing the temperature at the contact points of the interface increases the actual contact area between the components.
• the increase of the real contact surface is all the more important that one of the materials wets, in the sense of the capillarity, or envelope, for example but not only by elastic or plastic deformation, the second, the increase of the mechanical strength being proportional to this increase in the actual contact area.
• increasing the actual contact area between the components can create at least one mechanical shape clamping possibly having the same dimensions as the asperities of the interface between the components.
• the invention relates to the use of a method as described in the present application, for driving a first component in a second component.
• the first component may be for example, but not only, a pin, an axis, a pinion, a screw-foot, a tenon, a tube, a barrel, a watch-stone, a bearing, a horological shock absorber, an intermediate piece and / or another piece of dressing and / or movement of a watch.
• the second component may be for example, but not only, a plate, a bridge, a ring, an intermediate piece, a watch wheel, a board, a dial, a needle, a bracelet mesh and / or another piece dressing and / or movement of a watch.
• the invention relates to the use of a method as described in the present application, for hunting around a first component of a second component.
• the first component may be for example, but not only, a pin, an axis, a pinion, a screw-foot, a tenon, a tube, a barrel, a clock stone, a horological shock absorber and / or a bearing.
• the second component may be for example, but not only, a plate, a bridge, a ring, an intermediate piece, a watch wheel, a board, a dial, a needle, a bracelet mesh and / or another piece dressing and / or movement of a watch.
• the invention relates to an assembly of parts by the method of the invention.
• the assembled parts may be, for example, those mentioned above, in the context of watchmaking, but without limitation in this field, other assemblies of parts that can make use of the method according to the invention.
• the dissipation of the ultrasound energy at the asperities of the interface of the components causes at least one of the effects described below: i. the very local increase in temperature which leads to a degradation of the mechanical properties of the asperities of the interface between the components that can go as far as the fusion of at least one of the materials
• Ultrasonic assisted expression is the
• ultrasonic hunting is used to identify this new attachment technique.
• the first ultrasonic driving experiments confirm the possibility of transporting energy to the links responsible for the mechanical resistance of the components removed.
• a signature that makes it possible to compare the performance of conventional hunting with that of ultrasound hunting. Therefore, we define a new signature of the hunting process: hunting force - mechanical strength and a new attribute: the efficiency ⁇ (without unit).
• Figure 1.2 illustrates the signature ⁇ driving force, mechanical strength ⁇ .
• the slope of the linear regression line of the experimental points defines the efficiency ⁇ of a hunting process.
• This indicator ⁇ of the efficiency of the hunting processes is equal to the slope of the line of linear regression of the experimental points. If this slope is less than 1, so ⁇ ⁇ l, the axial resistance of the drive is internal to the theoretical value predicted by the Lamé-Clapeyron-Coulomb model. In practice, this is always the case for conventional hunting (Fig.7).
• This cost of non-quality is related on the one hand to the great variability of the mechanical strength and on the other hand to the breakage of synthetic stones.
• the high driving forces which are typical of the microtechnical driving damage or breakage of synthetic stones and silicon watch wheels. Each damaged part must be untied and replaced manually.
• This cost of non-quality amounts to tens of thousands of francs per year for the watch industry. Ultrasonic hunting can provide a solution to this old watchmaking problem.
• FIG. 7 illustrates the reduction of driving force in the presence of ultrasound
• the parameters have been validated for at least 9 tests with interference of 0.010 mm, an advance of 10 mm s "1 for brass plates (CuZn39Pb2) a contact length of 1.0 mm containing holes of diameter 1.002 mm, perforated bored with Sphinx tool 55652 and for Ac ClOOCrô steel pin, 10 mm long with Ra roughness of 0.0001 mm.
• the first mechanism is a break in the points of contact between the wall of the bore and the component p. ex. but not only due to an oligocyclic fatigue.
• the driven component can be seen as an ultrasonic frequency jackhammer bringing the links to the bore-component interface until they break through a cyclic fatigue phenomenon.
• the second mechanism is a degradation of the mechanical properties of the materials forming the hole-component interface. This acoustic attenuation of the interface is due to a local increase in temperature (Ham and Broom, 1957, 1962, Dugdale, 1959).
• the mechanical strength of ultrasonically driven assemblies is multiplied by the creation of solder and / or solder points between the wall of the hole and the component by dissipation of the acoustic energy of the ultrasound at the contact points of the interface.
• the dissipation of the ultrasonic energy at the contact points of the hole-component interface is at the origin of the increase in the mechanical strength of the assemblies driven by ultrasound.
• the very localized increase in temperature caused by this dissipation of acoustic energy promotes the growth of the actual contact surface between the wall of the hole and the component.
• This surface increase is explained by a drastically increased plasticization.
• This advanced plasticization is itself due to a resistance to radial stress decreased by the degradation of the mechanical properties of the weakest material at this temperature.
• a second simultaneous mechanism increases the mechanical strength of assemblies expelled ultrasonically.
• the intermetallic diffusion is very clearly favored by the increase of temperature.
• the creation of brazing points and / or welding is thus catalyzed.
• Figure 13 shows boxes with whiskers illustrating the effect of the type of component on the efficiency ⁇ of the hunt
• the parameters were validated on 96 tests with an interference of 0.010 mm, an advance of 2 mm s " for brass platinum (CuZn39Pb2) a contact length ranging from 1.0 mm to 2.9 mm containing holes with a diameter of 1.002 mm, drilled-bored with Sphinx tool 55652 and for Ac C100Cr6 steel pin, 10 mm long with Ra roughness of 0.0001 mm.
• the ultrasound hunting process offers several unique opportunities for innovation and improvement.
• ultrasonic driving makes it possible to drive longer pins without increasing their diameter and without risking their buckling. Because the driving force is reduced, the residual stresses introduced into the deck or deck are also reduced. It can also be used to drive thin boards over gables and / or to sew on them without damaging them or deforming them plastically. With a reduction of the driving force by a factor of two to ten, ultrasonic hunting also makes it possible to obtain appropriate mechanical properties without breaking the synthetic stones and thus to significantly reduce the cost of non-quality.
• Ultrasonic hunting also reduces interference without reducing the mechanical strength of synthetic stones. This reduction in interference provides a solution to the systematic breakage of these fragile components and significantly reduces the cost of non-quality.
• the ultrasonic driving method of the present invention makes it possible to reduce the driving force by means of one of the physical phenomena described above or a combination thereof.
• the experiment shows a decrease in the driving force of at least an order of magnitude in the presence of ultrasound (Figure 7). This gain of a factor of 5 or more is much greater than the ratio between the coefficients of static and kinetic friction. The generally accepted value of this ratio is between 1 and 3 for the cases of application of this invention.
• the reduction of the driving force is therefore not due to a decrease in the coefficient of friction, in particular microtechnical dimensions or the definition of this coefficient itself and the values thereof are challenged.
• the reduction of the driving force during ultrasonic driving makes it possible to reduce the elastic deformation due to the elasticity of at least one component.
• the hysteresis effect is thus smaller which allows a relative positioning between the components more accurate and more repeatable. For the reasons described above, these precision gloves are not due to a decrease in the coefficient of friction.
• the reduction of the driving force obtained by applying ultrasonic driving makes it possible to eliminate the use of lubricants or surface coatings intended to obtain the same effect.
• ultrasonically assisted is most often used to describe a machining or assembly process to which a mechanical wave is superimposed. This idea of ultrasonic assistance to the hunting process was also at the origin of the research and development that led to the invention.
• the energy supply of the ultrasounds is superior to the work of the driving force. In some cases of application of the method described by this patent, the ultrasound energy is greater than the work of the driving force of at least one magnitude. Because the role of ultrasound goes beyond the meaning of the word assistance, the term hunting claw is used to identify the method described in this patent.
• the components should preferably, but not necessarily, be metallic.
• the bonds created between the components by the local increase of the temperature caused by the dissipation of the ultrasound energy at the contact point of the interface is made possible even between metals deemed non-weldable.
• the frequency of the mechanical waves superimposed on the movement of the driving tool is for example, but not only, higher than the human hearing limit usually defined as 18 kHz.
• Frequencies of 20 kHz, 30 kHz, 35 kHz and 40 kHz are usually used as working frequencies in ultrasonic welding machines for plastics. Higher frequencies are also usable for the ultrasonic driving process.
• the control of the advance of the ultrasonic driving tool can be for example, but not only, performed through a position control loop, force control or energy control. A combination of these three solutions according to the needs of the component assembly is possible.
• This advance can be in a range between 0.1 mm / s and 300 mm / s depending on the application case.
• Figure 3 illustrates a first step of the method of the invention for driving a first component (11) into a second component (12).
• the components (11, 12) are positioned relative to each other by the action of the driving tool (15) and / or under the action of at least one setting portion (16).
• the components (11, 12) are mainly held together by a solder (20) and / or a solder (21) created by the dissipation of the ultrasound energy (18). This energy is transmitted by the driving tool (15) which serves as a waveguide and / or at least a part of the setting (16) which can also serve as a waveguide.
• Figure 4 illustrates the dissipation of ultrasound energy (18) is very local. This energy is dissipated at the asperities (14) of the interface (13) between the components (11, 12) and which are in contact. The dimensions of the asperities and the acoustic properties of the materials are notably used to calculate the acoustic impedance used for the controlled adjustment of the dissipation of the ultrasound energy.
• Figure 5 illustrates the forces and moments of force acting between a first component (10) and a second component (20) at the hole-component interface (30) according to the Lamé-Clapeyron-Coulomb model.
• Figure 6 illustrates the hole-component interface (30), y. vs. the asperities (50) between a first component (10) and a second component (20) at the hole-component interface (30).
• Figure 7 illustrates (bottom curves) the reduction of the driving force in the presence of ultrasound for the following validated parameters: an interference of 0.010 mm, an advance of 10 mm s -1 for brass platinum (CuZn39Pb2) a contact length of 1.0 mm containing 1.002 mm diameter holes, drilled-bore with Sphinx tool 55652 and for AcC100Cr6 steel pins, length 10 mm with Rade roughness 0.0001 mm.
• Figure 8 illustrates box plots illustrating the effect of component type on hunting performance and ultrasonic driving gains for the following validated parameters: interference of 0.010 mm, advance of 2 mm s -1 for brass plate (CuZn39Pb2) a contact length of 1.0 mm containing 1.002 mm diameter holes, drilled-bore with Sphinx tool 55652 and for ClOOCr6 steel pins, 10 mm long with roughness Ra of 0.0001 mm.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Apparatuses For Generation Of Mechanical Vibrations (AREA)
• Automatic Assembly (AREA)
• Pressure Welding/Diffusion-Bonding (AREA)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Publications (1)

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Country Status (4)

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• 2016
  • 2016-06-24 JP JP2017566846A patent/JP2018521867A/ja active Pending
  • 2016-06-24 WO PCT/IB2016/053779 patent/WO2016207851A1/fr active Application Filing
  • 2016-06-24 EP EP16751005.6A patent/EP3313227A1/de not_active Withdrawn
  • 2016-06-24 KR KR1020187002144A patent/KR20180030056A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation

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