EP3221086B1 - Appareil pour l'érosion d'articles de compact d'agrégat de matériaux - Google Patents

Appareil pour l'érosion d'articles de compact d'agrégat de matériaux Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3221086B1
EP3221086B1 EP15726314.6A EP15726314A EP3221086B1 EP 3221086 B1 EP3221086 B1 EP 3221086B1 EP 15726314 A EP15726314 A EP 15726314A EP 3221086 B1 EP3221086 B1 EP 3221086B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
chamber
casing
stretch
control element
article
Prior art date
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Active
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EP15726314.6A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP3221086A1 (fr
Inventor
Piero REBECCHI
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Effegi Brega Srl
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Effegi Brega Srl
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Publication of EP3221086A1 publication Critical patent/EP3221086A1/fr
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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24C—ABRASIVE OR RELATED BLASTING WITH PARTICULATE MATERIAL
    • B24C5/00—Devices or accessories for generating abrasive blasts
    • B24C5/02—Blast guns, e.g. for generating high velocity abrasive fluid jets for cutting materials
    • B24C5/04—Nozzles therefor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24C—ABRASIVE OR RELATED BLASTING WITH PARTICULATE MATERIAL
    • B24C3/00—Abrasive blasting machines or devices; Plants
    • B24C3/32—Abrasive blasting machines or devices; Plants designed for abrasive blasting of particular work, e.g. the internal surfaces of cylinder blocks
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24C—ABRASIVE OR RELATED BLASTING WITH PARTICULATE MATERIAL
    • B24C9/00—Appurtenances of abrasive blasting machines or devices, e.g. working chambers, arrangements for handling used abrasive material

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an apparatus for the erosion of articles made of dense aggregate material, for example of powdery or damp materials.
  • the apparatus according to the invention applies in particular, although not exclusively, to the dental sector for the erosion or breaking up of molds for producing dental prostheses.
  • a typical procedure for producing dental prostheses for example crowns or bridges, is the "lost wax" casting process.
  • the molten material in general a ceramic or metal alloy, is poured into specific molds in which the negative forms of the prosthesis are produced.
  • the molds used for these applications are made from powders and/or liquids that are mixed and compacted to form a hard and solid aggregate.
  • Examples of typical materials are minerals, such as silicon dioxide, magnesium oxide or the like, capable of withstanding very high temperatures (around 850-1200°C) without breaking up.
  • the prosthesis must be released from the compacted material of the mold surrounding it.
  • Cutting systems are disclosed in documents US 4,951,429 and US 2011/0195641 that disclose an abrasivejet nozzle assembly and a nozzle for a high pressure cutting arrangement, respectively.
  • the cast product After sandblasting has finished, the cast product must be treated with chemical products, generally liquids, to eliminate the outermost "reaction layer" that is formed after pressing of the casting material in the mold.
  • This step generally consists of immersing the prosthesis in a bath, typically corrosive, and subsequent fine sandblasting, at low pressure, with aluminum oxide.
  • the surfaces of the prosthesis can be damaged (eroded or deformed) if persistently exposed to the action of the sandblasting grains. For this reason, when the surface of the cast product starts to emerge, the operator must pay particular attention to direct the sandblasting jet precisely only at the part still covered by the mold material.
  • the subsequent step of eliminating the reaction layer is also relatively time consuming.
  • the object of the present invention is to propose an apparatus for the erosion of articles made of dense aggregate materials, which overcomes the problems of prior art mentioned above.
  • the object of the present invention is to propose an apparatus that allows the mold used to produce small ceramic or metal articles, such as dental prostheses or the like, to be eroded or broken up, limiting dispersal of powders harmful to the health of the operator.
  • Another object of the present invention is to produce an apparatus that allows complete removal of the material of the mold from the cast product, in a simpler and faster way with respect to prior art systems.
  • Yet another object of the present invention is to produce an apparatus that allows removal of the reaction layer from the cast products, without the use of harmful and polluting chemical products.
  • a further object of the present invention is to provide an apparatus that is practical and easy to use, even by less expert operators, that limits the possibility of damaging the cast product.
  • an apparatus for the erosion of dense aggregates comprising a casing that defines an operating chamber, where the casing preferably includes at least:
  • a spraying device is housed in the chamber for dispensing a pressurized liquid and is connected to pumping means adapted to feed, to the spraying device, said pressurized liquid.
  • Said pumping means can be included in the casing or can be external means to which the spraying device is connected.
  • the apparatus also comprises first gripping means for gripping and handling, inside the chamber, the spraying device and second gripping means for gripping and handling, inside the chamber, the article to be eroded or broken up.
  • the spraying device includes a body, in which there is produced at least one duct for passage of the pressurized liquid and at least one nozzle, in communication with said body, this latter preferably also performing the function of handle.
  • the nozzle comprises an inner channel with a first stretch and a second stretch, from which the pressurized liquid flows, which has a cross section between 0.007 mm 2 and 3 mm 2 .
  • the cross section of the second stretch is between 0.07 mm 2 and 0.30 mm 2 .
  • the pumping means operate at a pressure preferably between 50 bar and 300 bar.
  • the feed pressure of the liquid allows the nozzle, thus structured, to generate a jet capable of completely eroding and breaking up the aggregate material of the article I.
  • the apparatus of the invention allows the cast product to be completely cleaned, also eliminating any reaction layer without having to resort to the use chemical agents or the like.
  • the jet of water can also be used directly on the surface of the cast object without causing erosion or deformation thereof.
  • the first stretch of the inner channel has a length between 22 mm and 42 mm and said second stretch has a length between 5 mm and 10 mm.
  • the first stretch of the inner channel has a cross section between 10 mm and 30 mm.
  • this flow rate is around 2 l/min.
  • the spraying device comprises a cap, which defines a chamber around the nozzle.
  • the cap has at least one passage, for inflow into the chamber of solid particles, and at least one duct that allows outflow from the chamber of said solid particles dispersed in the jet of liquid.
  • the second gripping means comprise a jaw, configured to grip the article to be eroded or broken up, and a control element connected at a first end to said jaw and at the opposite end to a handle positioned outside the chamber.
  • the operator gripping the handle, can thus move the article inside the chamber, so that the jet can reach the whole of its surface.
  • the grip on the handle reduces or even eliminates the possibility of the operator injuring a limb with the jet of liquid, which has a high cutting capacity, during the operations to erode and break up the article.
  • control element comprises a rod passing through an opening produced in the casing.
  • Said control element can be supported on the casing by a coupling that comprises a guide ring in which there is housed a spherical element, the control element passing through said spherical element.
  • the coupling thus configured allows the article to be moved, shifted in any direction or rotated in any sense or both of these movements, inside the chamber.
  • control element can be supported on the casing by a flexible membrane, fitted around the control element, which blocks the opening of the casing.
  • the first gripping means comprise a flexible membrane arranged at an opening produced in the casing, where said membrane is shaped in the form of a glove.
  • the apparatus comprises blowing means adapted to direct a jet of air onto the inner surface of the window to remove drops of liquid deposited thereon.
  • Said blowing means can comprise a plurality of nozzles positioned at least along one edge of the window and arranged so as to create a jet of air substantially parallel to the inner surface of the window.
  • the apparatus comprises a vent grille positioned on the casing, a filter element being interposed between the chamber and said vent grille to retain volatile particles that could escape from said chamber.
  • the grille facilitates expulsion of the excess air introduced by the blowing means.
  • the filter element thus allows passage of the air, while blocking particles such as drops of nebulized water in which powder of the aggregate material is dispersed.
  • the apparatus indicated as a whole with 1, comprises a casing 10 in which there is defined a chamber 11 for housing an article I to be eroded or broken up.
  • the apparatus is particularly suitable for eroding articles composed in particular of compacted aggregates of powdery or fluid materials, or of a mixture of these two.
  • the apparatus is particularly effective when applied to erode and/or break up molds used for producing small articles made of metal, ceramic compounds or other materials compatible with the casting process.
  • Typical uses of the apparatus according to the invention are, for example, the production of dental prostheses, of jewelry or of small mechanical components with a complex shape.
  • the material of the molds in general comprises silicon dioxide mixed with other minerals or chemical products that increase its consistency.
  • the casing 10 comprises at least one bottom 12, lateral walls 13 and a covering 14 in the upper part.
  • a gasket 15b is preferably interposed between the hatch 15 and the wall of the casing 11.
  • the casing 10 is also provided with a window 19.
  • the window is closed with a transparent material, preferably not colored, which allows an operator to view the article I inside the chamber 11 during execution of the work.
  • the window 19 is included in the hatch 15.
  • the hatch 15 is at least partially made of a transparent material, typically glass, polymethacrylate or polycarbonate.
  • At least one part 14a of the upper covering 14 is sloping toward the front wall 13a of the casing 11.
  • the hatch 15 is preferably positioned on this sloping part 14a to provide the operator with a better view of the chamber 11.
  • erosion of the article I is performed by means of a jet of liquid, at high pressure, sprayed onto the surface of the article I.
  • a suitable liquid for this purpose is typically water or water-based mixtures.
  • the apparatus is provided with a spraying device, indicated as a whole with 20, housed in the chamber 11.
  • the pressurized liquid is supplied to the spraying device 20 by pumping means 30, better described below.
  • the spraying device 20 comprises at least one body 21 and at least one nozzle 22 in fluid communication with one another.
  • the body 21 acts as handle for freely handling the device in the chamber 11 so as to direct the jet of liquid against the article I.
  • the body 21 has a substantially cylindrical shape.
  • any other ergonomic shape can advantageously be used.
  • a duct 23 for passage of the liquid towards the nozzle 22.
  • the nozzle 22 is connected to the body, for example, by means of a threaded connector 25.
  • the nozzle 22 according to the invention comprises an inner channel 24 with a first stretch 24a and a second stretch 24b; the jet of liquid flows from said second stretch 42b.
  • the two stretches of the inner channel are typically, but not exclusively, cylindrical and coaxial to each other.
  • the first stretch 24a of the inner channel 24 has a cross section preferably between 10 mm 2 and 30 mm 2 and more preferably between 15 mm 2 and 25 mm 2 .
  • the second stretch 24b of the inner channel 24 has a cross section between 0.007 mm 2 and 3 mm 2 , and more preferably between 0.07 mm 2 and 0.3 mm 2 .
  • the first stretch 24a of the inner channel 24 has a cross section of around 19.6 mm 2 and the second stretch 24b has a cross section of around 0.115 mm 2 .
  • the first stretch 24a of the duct 24 is typically longer than the second stretch 24b. More in detail the first stretch 24a has a length between 22 mm and 42 mm and more preferably between 28 mm and 34 mm.
  • the second stretch 24b instead has a length between 5 mm and 10 mm, and more preferably between 7 mm and 9 mm.
  • the first stretch 24a has a length of around 32 mm and the second stretch 24b has a length of around 8 mm.
  • a nozzle 22 with these characteristics, together with an adequate feed pressure of the liquid, allows a jet of liquid capable of rapidly eroding and breaking up the aggregate material of the article I to be generated.
  • the mechanical action of this jet is capable of eroding relatively soft compacted aggregates, such as chalks or the like, and tougher materials such as quartz (silicon dioxide) or mixtures based on this material.
  • a jet of liquid is particularly effective as, contrary to the case of the prior art sandblasting method, it does not damage the cast product (prostheses, crowns, bridges) even if they were to be hit by the jet for a few moments.
  • the liquid must be fed at a pressure between 50 bar and 300 bar.
  • Optimal operating pressures are between 90 bar and 200 bar.
  • the flow of the liquid dispensed by the nozzle 22 is between 0.5 1/min and 5 1/min.
  • said pumping means 30 comprise at least one motor 31, preferably electric, connected to a pump 32.
  • the motor 31 can be powered by an inverter (not indicated in the figure) that allows its rotation speed to be varied and, consequently, also the delivery pressure of the pump 32 to be varied.
  • the rotation speed of the motor can be controlled, for example, by means of a pedal control (not shown) so as to leave both of the operator's hands free.
  • the pumping means 30 are enclosed in a second casing 33, separate from the casing 10.
  • This variant allows the pumping means 30 to be positioned on the ground or under the work bench, so as to reduce the footprint in the operator's range of action.
  • a bulkhead 17 separates the chamber 11 from a further chamber 18 in which the pumping means are positioned.
  • a pipe 25 feeds the pressurized liquid from the pump 32 toward the spraying device 20.
  • the spraying device 20 is configured to dispense a liquid mixed with solid particles.
  • the spraying device 20 comprises a cap 26, positioned at the outlet of the liquid from the nozzle 22, which defines a chamber 27 around the nozzle 22.
  • a passage 28, produced in the cap 26, allows the inflow of solid particles, such as abrasive grains or the like, into the chamber 27.
  • These particles are typically picked up from a container in communication with the chamber 27, directly or through a pipe, not shown in the figure.
  • the particles can comprise, for example, materials such as bicarbonate of soda or other substances not harmful to human health.
  • Transfer of the particles from the container to the chamber 27 takes place through a vacuum pressure that is created inside the aforesaid chamber when the jet of liquid flows from the nozzle 22.
  • a duct 29, preferably coaxial with the duct 24 of the nozzle 22, allows the outflow from the cap 26 of the solid particles dispersed in the jet of liquid.
  • the cap 26 can be removably coupled to the body 21 or to the nozzle 22, for example through screw or interlocking means.
  • the cap 26 can be fitted to the spraying device also only to complete the last processing step, i.e. the surface finishing operation of the cast product.
  • the apparatus is provided with gripping means that allow the operator to handle the article I and the spraying device 20 inside the chamber 11.
  • the apparatus comprises first gripping means 40 for gripping and handling the spraying device and second gripping means 50 for gripping and handling, inside the chamber 11, the article to be eroded or broken up.
  • the first gripping means 40 can comprise a flexible membrane 41 positioned at a first opening 42 produced in the casing 11, preferably in a lateral wall 13.
  • Said membrane 41 is advantageously in the form of a glove, so as to allow safe and easy gripping of the spraying device 20.
  • the membrane is maintained in position by a sealing ring 43 fixed at the edge of the first opening 42.
  • the second gripping means 50 comprise at least one jaw 51, configured to grip the article I to be eroded or broken up.
  • a control element 52 is connected at a first end to said jaw 51 and at the opposite end to a handle 53.
  • the handle 53 is advantageously positioned outside the chamber 11. The movement provided by the operator to the handle 53 is transmitted from the control element to the jaw 51.
  • This solution eliminates the risk of the operator injuring a limb with the jet of liquid dispensed by the spraying device 20.
  • this jet could possibly cut through protective equipment, such as gloves or the like, if not adequately reinforced.
  • the jaw 51 is advantageously separable from the control element 52. In this way, it can be replaced with others jaws to adapt to different shapes and dimensions of the articles I to be eroded.
  • control element 52 can comprise a rod passing through an opening 54 produced in a lateral wall 13 of the casing 11.
  • control element 52 can be supported on the casing 11 by a coupling 55.
  • the coupling 55 can comprise a guide ring 55a in which there is housed a spherical element 55b.
  • the control element 52 passes through the spherical element 55b.
  • Said spherical element 55b being able to rotate freely in the guide ring 55a, allows the control element 52 to shift and rotate the jaw 51 inside the chamber 11.
  • the coupling 55 acts as seal to prevent the liquid from escaping from the chamber 11 through the opening 54.
  • a flexible membrane for example made of rubber or similar materials, in turn fitted around the control element 52.
  • the second gripping means similarly to the first gripping means, can comprise a membrane, in the form of a glove, positioned at the opening produced in a lateral wall 13 of the casing 11.
  • This membrane to withstand the cutting action of the jet of liquid, is preferably made of composite materials.
  • materials comprising a layer of fibrous material, such as Kevlar or carbon fiber, covered with a layer of plastic material, such as polyurethane or the like, are suitable to withstand the cutting action of the jet of liquid.
  • the apparatus also comprises blowing means 60 adapted to direct a jet of air onto the inner surface of the window 19 to remove drops of liquid that can deposit thereon during execution of the work.
  • said blowing means 40 can comprise a plurality of nozzles 61 positioned along at least one edge 19a of the window 19.
  • said nozzles 61 are arranged side by side so as to create a laminar jet of air substantially parallel to the inner surface of the window 19.
  • the nozzles 61 are fed with compressed air from a compressor that, typically, is not included in the apparatus.
  • vent grille 62 is provided in the upper part of the casing 10, for example on the upper cover 14 or, as in the variant shown, in the top part of the rear lateral wall.
  • a filter element 63 is interposed between the chamber 11 and the vent grille 62 to retain the powder, dissolved in nebulized water, which could escape from the chamber 11.
  • vent grille 62 is preferably connected in a removable manner to the casing 11 so as to allow removal of the filter 63 for cleaning or replacement.
  • the apparatus can be provided with lighting means 70 adapted to illuminate the inside of the chamber 11.
  • Said lighting means comprise, for example, light sources 71 positioned in a housing 72 facing the chamber 11.
  • the housing 72 has a window 73 that allows the light to illuminate the article I in the chamber 11.
  • the light source 71 is preferably removable from the housing 72 to be able to clean the window 73.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Cleaning By Liquid Or Steam (AREA)
  • Dental Tools And Instruments Or Auxiliary Dental Instruments (AREA)

Claims (12)

  1. Appareil pour l'érosion d'agrégats denses comprenant :
    - un boîtier (10) définissant une chambre de travail (11) où le boîtier (10) comprend au moins :
    f) un fond (12),
    g) des parois latérales (13),
    h) une paroi de couverture (14),
    i) une trappe (15) pour accéder à la chambre (11) et permettre l'insertion d'un article (I) à éroder ou à briser,
    j) au moins une fenêtre (19) permettant de voir l'article (I) à l'intérieur de la chambre (11) ;
    - un dispositif de pulvérisation (20), logé dans la chambre, pour distribuer un liquide sous pression ;
    - des moyens de pompage (30) pour alimenter ledit liquide sous pression vers ledit dispositif de pulvérisation (20) ;
    - des premiers moyens de préhension (40) pour saisir et manipuler, à l'intérieur de la chambre (11), le dispositif de pulvérisation (20) ;
    - des seconds moyens de préhension (50) pour saisir et manipuler, à l'intérieur de la chambre (11), l'article (I) à éroder ou à briser ;
    où ledit dispositif de pulvérisation (20) comprend un corps (21), qui agit comme une poignée, dans lequel est produit au moins un conduit (23) pour le passage du liquide sous pression et au moins une buse (22), en communication avec ledit corps (21), l'appareil étant caractérisé par le fait que la buse (22) comprend un canal interne (24) avec un premier tronçon (24a) et un second tronçon (24b), à partir duquel le liquide sous pression s'écoule, où ledit second tronçon a une section transversale comprise entre 0,007 mm2 et 3 mm2, et dans lequel les moyens de pompage (30) fonctionnent à une pression comprise entre 50 bar et 300 bar.
  2. Appareil selon la revendication 1, caractérisé par le fait que ledit premier tronçon (24a) du canal interne (24) a une longueur comprise entre 22 mm et 42 mm et ledit second tronçon (24b) a une longueur comprise entre 5 mm et 10 mm.
  3. Appareil selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisé par le fait que ledit premier tronçon (24a) du canal interne (24) a une section transversale comprise entre 10 mm2 et 30 mm2.
  4. Appareil selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé par le fait que ledit dispositif de pulvérisation (20) comprend un bouchon (26), qui définit une chambre (27) autour de la buse (22), avec au moins un passage (28), pour l'entrée dans la chambre (27) de particules solides, et au moins un conduit (29) qui permet la sortie de la chambre (27) desdites particules solides dispersées dans le jet de liquide.
  5. Appareil selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé par le fait que le débit des moyens de pompage (30) est compris entre 0,5 l/min et 5 l/m.
  6. Appareil selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé par le fait que lesdits seconds moyens de préhension (50) comprennent une mâchoire (51), configurée pour saisir l'article (I) à éroder ou à briser, et un élément de commande (52) relié à une première extrémité à ladite mâchoire (51) et à l'extrémité opposée à la poignée (53) positionnée à l'extérieur de la chambre (11).
  7. Appareil selon la revendication 6, caractérisé par le fait que ledit élément de commande (52) comprend une tige passant à travers une ouverture (54) produite dans le boîtier (10).
  8. Appareil selon la revendication 7, caractérisé par le fait que ledit élément de commande (52) est supporté sur le boîtier (10) par un accouplement (55), ledit accouplement comprenant une bague de guidage (55a) dans laquelle est logé un élément sphérique (55b), l'élément de commande (52) passant à travers ledit élément sphérique (55b).
  9. Appareil selon la revendication 7, caractérisé par le fait que ledit élément de commande (52) est supporté sur le boîtier (10) par une membrane flexible, montée autour de l'élément de commande (52), qui bloque l'ouverture (54).
  10. Appareil selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé par le fait qu'il comprend des moyens de soufflage (40) adaptés pour diriger un jet d'air sur la surface intérieure de la fenêtre (19) pour éliminer les gouttes de liquides qui s'y sont déposées.
  11. Appareil selon la revendication 10, caractérisé par le fait que lesdits moyens de soufflage (40) comprennent une multitude de buses positionnées au moins le long d'un bord (19a) de la fenêtre et disposées de manière à créer un jet d'air substantiellement parallèle à la surface intérieure de la fenêtre (19).
  12. Appareil selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé par le fait qu'il comprend une grille de ventilation (62) positionnée sur le boîtier (10), un élément filtrant (63) étant interposé entre la chambre (11) et ladite grille de ventilation (62) pour retenir les particules volatiles qui pourraient s'échapper de ladite chambre.
EP15726314.6A 2014-11-20 2015-04-15 Appareil pour l'érosion d'articles de compact d'agrégat de matériaux Active EP3221086B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
ITPC20140018 2014-11-20
PCT/IB2015/052733 WO2016079599A1 (fr) 2014-11-20 2015-04-15 Appareil pour l'érosion d'articles de compact d'agrégat de matériaux

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3221086A1 EP3221086A1 (fr) 2017-09-27
EP3221086B1 true EP3221086B1 (fr) 2021-03-24

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EP15726314.6A Active EP3221086B1 (fr) 2014-11-20 2015-04-15 Appareil pour l'érosion d'articles de compact d'agrégat de matériaux

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EP (1) EP3221086B1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2016079599A1 (fr)

Family Cites Families (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3214764A1 (de) * 1982-04-21 1983-10-27 BEGO Bremer Goldschlägerei Wilh. Herbst GmbH & Co, 2800 Bremen Vorrichtung zum strahlen feinwerktechnischer werkstuecke
US4951429A (en) * 1989-04-07 1990-08-28 Flow Research, Inc. Abrasivejet nozzle assembly for small hole drilling and thin kerf cutting
DE4123019C2 (de) * 1991-07-11 2001-11-22 Kaltenbach & Voigt Bearbeitungsgerät zum Bearbeiten von feinwerktechnischen, insbesondere dentaltechnischen Werkstücken in einem von einem Gehäuse umgebenen Bearbeitungsraum
US5177911A (en) * 1991-11-15 1993-01-12 Ruemelin Charles R Abrasive blast cabinet
US5556324A (en) * 1995-02-17 1996-09-17 Church & Dwight Co., Inc. Blasting cabinet
JP4287528B2 (ja) * 1999-02-05 2009-07-01 株式会社不二製作所 ブラスト加工装置におけるノズル
AU2008288701B2 (en) * 2007-08-21 2014-07-31 Jet-Tech International Pty Ltd Fluid/abrasive jet cutting arrangement

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
None *

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Publication number Publication date
WO2016079599A1 (fr) 2016-05-26
EP3221086A1 (fr) 2017-09-27

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