EP3215396A1 - Surveillance électronique de la fixation du chargement de véhicules - Google Patents

Surveillance électronique de la fixation du chargement de véhicules

Info

Publication number
EP3215396A1
EP3215396A1 EP15784271.7A EP15784271A EP3215396A1 EP 3215396 A1 EP3215396 A1 EP 3215396A1 EP 15784271 A EP15784271 A EP 15784271A EP 3215396 A1 EP3215396 A1 EP 3215396A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
load
vehicle
load securing
control module
detected
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP15784271.7A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Dirk Bruhn
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Terra Control Geologische Beratung und Umwelttechnik GmbH
Original Assignee
Terra Control Geologische Beratung und Umwelttechnik GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Terra Control Geologische Beratung und Umwelttechnik GmbH filed Critical Terra Control Geologische Beratung und Umwelttechnik GmbH
Publication of EP3215396A1 publication Critical patent/EP3215396A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60P—VEHICLES ADAPTED FOR LOAD TRANSPORTATION OR TO TRANSPORT, TO CARRY, OR TO COMPRISE SPECIAL LOADS OR OBJECTS
    • B60P7/00—Securing or covering of load on vehicles
    • B60P7/06—Securing of load
    • B60P7/08—Securing to the vehicle floor or sides
    • B60P7/0823—Straps; Tighteners
    • B60P7/0861—Measuring or identifying the tension in the securing element
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01G—WEIGHING
    • G01G19/00—Weighing apparatus or methods adapted for special purposes not provided for in the preceding groups
    • G01G19/08—Weighing apparatus or methods adapted for special purposes not provided for in the preceding groups for incorporation in vehicles
    • G01G19/12—Weighing apparatus or methods adapted for special purposes not provided for in the preceding groups for incorporation in vehicles having electrical weight-sensitive devices
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
    • G08B21/00—Alarms responsive to a single specified undesired or abnormal condition and not otherwise provided for
    • G08B21/18—Status alarms
    • G08B21/182—Level alarms, e.g. alarms responsive to variables exceeding a threshold

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a vehicle having a loading surface on which a load can be placed and fixed by at least one movable, mechanical and flexible in itself load securing can be brought into contact with the load and by at least one charge indicator the presence of cargo the loading area can be detected and with a central control module, the signals of all charge detectors can be detected.
  • Unnormalized goods are usually lashed with straps, ropes or chains, which in turn in eyelets, rings, brackets, hooks, brackets or other brackets are mounted on the back.
  • An example of this is contained in DE 10 2011 101 907 A1.
  • CONFIRMATION COPY check the load securing devices at all relevant places in the loading area.
  • control assembly monitors only a lower limit on the tension in the straps and an upper limit on the mass of the load. This results in a decisive disadvantage that it is still in the technically qualified responsibility of the respective driver to capture the mass of the current load and to calculate from how large the tensile force must be in the straps. For example, if the tension in the straps is sufficient to secure an excavator, it would destroy an equally "secure" refrigerator.
  • the object of the invention has been found to avoid these disadvantages by the development of a control module, with the fast and easy verifiable, whether cargo is present and whether a load securing is activated to a sufficient extent.
  • a refined embodiment should be limited to the use of standardized load securing with relatively low retention force.
  • the control board should then determine the number of calculate required load securing.
  • the control module should also detect the orientation of the load securing and take into account the value for the bias voltage.
  • the invention teaches that by means of at least one safety sensor, the amount of force can be detected, with the load securing acts on the load and the control unit of the measured value of the mass of the load is detected and can be checked by the control module, whether the force in the Load securing corresponds to the dimension that is specified in accordance with the weight of the load in the applicable regulations.
  • a single, central control device detects via a first sensor, the charge detector, whether there is a load on the bed and, by a second measuring device, the mass of the load sensed by a third sensor - the safety sensor - the force with which the mechanical load securing acts on the load and calculates from these data, whether the applied or introduced force corresponds to the applicable regulations.
  • An essential - but in principle only optional - part of the control assembly is a display that signals the driver of a truck or the leader of a ship or aircraft that cargo is present and whether it is secured or not.
  • each charge indicator is assigned a warning light. It glows red when the charge indicator signals the presence of a load, but a signal about sufficient forces in the assigned load securing devices is missing. So- soon this signal is applied, the indicator turns to the color green.
  • a very useful additional feature is a further indicator light, with which the operational readiness of the control module itself and the connected sensors is reported. Additionally or alternatively, the information of the control module can be sent to another location, such as to the headquarters of the shipping company, the shipping company, the airline or to a supervisory authority.
  • the required size of the data memory can be limited by the fact that, over time, the oldest data record is repeatedly overwritten by the most recent record that has just arrived.
  • the control module is connected to all charge sensors, all safety sensors and the measuring device for the ground via an arbitrary connection.
  • Conceivable mechanical connections are linkages or shafts that are moved via angle levers, gears, worm wheels, racks or wedges.
  • Suitable hydraulic connections are pipelines in which a liquid is caused to flow by cylinders or flexible bellows. Applicable is also a pneumatic transmission of the information by the pressure change of a gas in pipes.
  • the invention prefers an electrical or electromagnetic connection between the sensors, the measuring device and the control module, which are equipped with electrical interfaces for this purpose.
  • the control assembly consists of a housing with electronic components on a circuit board.
  • the mechanical interfaces of the charge detectors, the measuring equipment for the mass of the load and the safety sensors in The load securing devices are to be adapted to the design of the respective vehicle, its equipment and the applicable regulations.
  • a vehicle according to this invention is a truck, a passenger car with a cargo bed, a railway car or other land vehicle or a ship or other watercraft or a hovercraft or a ground effect vehicle or an aircraft or other aircraft or a spacecraft or a suitable trailer.
  • the load securing in the inventive sense is a movable mechanical component that is mounted on the bed or in the vicinity thereof. It is more or less flexible in itself.
  • Brackets, partitions or barriers are examples of intrinsically less flexible load securing. They are pivotable relative to the loading surface about at least one axis of movement or displaceable, so that they are removed during the loading of the cargo area and then brought into mechanical contact with the charge.
  • a container is loaded onto a truck with an unsecured partial load and secured by - hopefully adequately dimensioned - Twist-Locks (safety pins), then during evasive maneuvers or braking slippage of the cargo within the container can cause the entire vehicle to overturn.
  • the task of adequately securing and monitoring the load within the container is like securing any load on the bed of a truck.
  • flexible load securing makes sense.
  • she It consists of a net and / or a flat, textile material and / or at least one chain and / or at least one rope and / or at least one lashing strap and / or another elongate and inherently movable element or it is a composite of several such elements ,
  • any load securing - such as e.g. a strap, but also a headband - in itself more or less elastic.
  • a belt or a chain must be biased with a certain force, which depends on the mass of the cargo to be transported in current regulations such. VDI Guideline 2700.
  • the mass value must be measured during loading by a suitable measuring device and recorded by the control board. It's not enough to just estimate the value.
  • a measuring device for the amount of the actually applied preload force is incorporated in the load securing as a safety sensor. It not only records the exceeding of a threshold value but the respective amount and transmits this information to the customer. troll assembly.
  • a sensor can serve, for example, a curved and clamped at their ends leaf spring, which is loaded centrally with the tensile force. Their respective position is detected electrically and passed to the control module.
  • Another example of a measuring sensor is a strain gauge - DMS - mounted on a metal plate.
  • the mechanics and geometry of the safety sensor must be adapted to whether the load securing loop wraps, is pressed or pressed into the load.
  • the load securing is a belt, a chain, or a rope
  • the sensor is preferably inserted or added thereto as an intermediate member.
  • the invention proposes that the loading area is divided into subareas whose number and size are based on the smallest, still to be expected with some frequency size of the load. Each of these subregions must then be detected by its own charge indicator and distinguished from the neighboring area.
  • An advantageous embodiment is a double-layered and airtight anti-slip mat which rests on the loading area.
  • the two layers are connected airtight at their edges and at the dividing lines of the subregions, so that air-filled chambers form.
  • On the inner surfaces of the chambers are mounted as a charge indicator contacts, which are pressed together by the mass of the load and activated.
  • Another embodiment for the charge message are at least three cameras, ultrasonic sensors or radar sensors, which are preferably grown at the corners of the cargo area. From their signals, evaluation electronics in the control module calculate which parts of the cargo area are occupied by cargo.
  • Each partial area must be assigned a suitable load securing with a safety sensor. If this assignment is not fixed by a mechanism, but is freely selectable, as for example in a belt that can be latched in two of numerous lashing loops, the selected assignment must be reported to the control module. In principle, a manual input by an operator is conceivable.
  • the invention prefers that the respectively selected mounting location of each safety sensor on the loading surface is automatically detected and stored by the control module.
  • This location determination can, for example, additionally be integrated into three charge detectors at the corners of the loading area, which detect the direction of signals from the safety sensors and report them to the control module, which calculates the respective point on the loading area therefrom.
  • Switching contacts ultrasonic sensors, a radar device or a camera have already been mentioned as charge detectors.
  • laser beams or light barriers can be used.
  • light-emitting strips are suitable, which are arranged on a side wall of the loading area. They form a light curtain whose light beams are received on the opposite side wall in a receiver bar only where no load interrupts the light beam.
  • a charge can also be detected by means of contacting sensors.
  • switch contacts on the inner surfaces of air chambers in a double-layered anti-slip mat can be measured by a load on the change in air pressure.
  • Conceivable are vertically movable pins in holes in the bed, the spherical or conical tips are pressed by the load against the force of a spring down. These pins can be extended to angled pivot levers, which are each movable about a pivot joint in or on the loading area. A short stroke at the load sensing tip is translated by the lever into a long motion at the other end of the lever.
  • the mass of the load In vehicles for one-piece cargo, it is sufficient to measure the mass of the load by changing the vehicle after touchdown. Examples are the change in ground clearance, the contraction of the landing gear, the change in air pressure in air-filled tires of a land vehicle or an aircraft still on the ground, the change in the mean immersion depth of a vessel or the measurement of the deformation of a structure below the bed.
  • numerous sensors are available on the current state of the art. From the amount of this signal is drawn back to the mass of the load and calculated in the control assembly from the proper clamping force in the load securing.
  • the invention prefers electrical connections between the control module, the mass load devices, the fuse sensors and the charge detectors. It is of course possible that each sensor and each detector is connected via a cable to the control board. To reduce the number of cables and connectors, however, it is more advantageous to wire said components star and / or ring with each other and with the control board and to send over this cable all messages and queries by means of a CAN bus or other bus system and receive.
  • the invention proposes the safety sensors and other sensors and / or the charge detectors via an RFID (Radio Frequency Identification System) or another
  • An alternative to or supplementation of a battery is an electric generator which diverts from the load securing an extremely low part of the mechanical energy for tensioning the load securing or shaking the load while driving the vehicle on an uneven surface and converts it into electrical energy.
  • This is a first part of the generator -
  • an electrical coil - mechanically connected to a first part of a load securing. The latter moves when activating the load securing or by vibrations during the drive of the vehicle with respect to a second part of the load securing, which with a second part of the generator - eg
  • the safety sensors are basically one specific
  • a strain gauge can be glued to the shaft of such a lashing ring.
  • the shaft is movable in a linear sliding bearing against the force of a spring. The respective position of the lashing ring scans a Hall generator, from whose signal the tensile force is calculated.
  • the securing sensors must be installed in the load securing devices. If they are in an activated state at a specific, clearly defined place on the
  • Loading area are located, such as a firmly inserted partition, then this location can be entered firmly in the monitoring control board.
  • a safety sensor is installed in a belt, a rope or a chain that can be hooked to different eyelets or hooks, it is makes sense that the location of the selected hook is automatically communicated to the control board.
  • the accuracy of a GPS module Global Positioning System Module
  • an on-board location system will be employed - such as three receivers at corners of the cargo area, each receiving the direction of a signal from the security sensor and relaying this information to the control unit, wherefrom the current location of the sensor is determined.
  • the control module can even check whether the load is also properly secured on all sides. For example, if only one belt runs from the front to the rear over the load, but a belt from the left to the right is still missing, the control module will issue a warning message "Belt is missing on the side!”.
  • the control module will give the warning message: "Please cross back straps!.
  • oc Lashing angle between the belt and the loading area.
  • the invention therefore proposes that, in a further equipment variant, a sensor for detecting the offset angle ⁇ is also installed in the belt and this information is forwarded to the control module.
  • sensors are known in the current state of the art and available in catalogs.
  • the necessary biasing force can be calculated there according to the above formula.
  • control assembly when the control assembly is informed of the location of the beginning and end of each belt, the preload force currently set therein, and the approximate size and limitation of the cargo, it may issue a message indicating whether there are a sufficient number of belts is present and whether these straps are also sufficiently biased.
  • control module will give a message as to whether the number of prestressed belts in the direction of travel and transverse to the direction of travel is sufficient.
  • the invention is based on the assumption that a one-piece load is located in the area or in each subarea of the entire loading area. If you want to load and secure several loads of very different sizes and weights, then it is strongly recommended that you divide the entire load area into sections.
  • a message about the required number and tension of the straps is preferably displayed on a display showing the loading area of the vehicle and the approximate outline of the load as well as its weight.
  • the recognized belts are represented by lines. The color red symbolizes that the belt is present but not sufficiently preloaded. When the required preload force is achieved, the color changes to green. By pressing the button "Load securing o.k?" The user is informed where and how many straps are still missing or if the load securing according to the available data of the control module is correct.
  • This information from the control assembly should preferably be routed to a smartphone or other mobile display during loading, which the driver or another person in charge of the vehicle can view while working on lashing the cargo. While driving, this information should be NEN from the smartphone or from another display in the field of view of the driver be available.
  • NEN from the smartphone or from another display in the field of view of the driver be available.
  • the data about the load and its securing are printed out and / or archived. It is a possible variant of the charge control according to the invention that the data is stored in the control module and is printed out or read out from this memory. The invention is not limited to any particular form of data storage and data usage.
  • Figure 1 Side view of a truck with cargo, the load securing is monitored.
  • FIG 1 shows the side view of a vehicle (1), in this case a lorry 's, which is equipped with a loading area (2), which is loaded with a load (3).
  • Lashing eyes (21) are fastened to the loading surface (2), in which a load securing device (4) is hooked, here a lashing strap (4). He is drawn for better visibility with a very thick line.
  • a clamping device (41) is inserted, recognizable on the semicircular side part, which carries a - not visible here - shaft for winding the belt.
  • Essential for the function of the charge monitoring according to the invention are the two charge detectors (7) at the front and the rear edge of the loading area (2).
  • Figure 1 is symbolized by concentric circular arc segments that they emit radar waves or ultrasonic signals, which are reflected by the outer surfaces of the load (3) and sent back to - not extra marked - recipients in the charge detectors (7) back.
  • Not visible in FIG. 1 are two further charge detectors (7) near the longitudinal edge of the loading area (2), which is likewise not visible here.
  • the loading area (2) is equipped at all four corners, each with a charge indicator (7).
  • all outer surfaces of the load (3) are detected and reported by the charge detectors (7) via one - not shown here - radio link to the antenna (62) and in the control module (61).
  • the charge detectors (7) are shaped as an angled lever, which is hinged below the loading surface (2) and projects beyond the loading surface (2) only with a bevelled tip on both sides. Normally, this lever is pressed by a - not shown - spring to the underside of the bed (2). If, during loading or unloading, a load (3) should be pushed over the edge of the loading area (2), the cargo detectors (7) fold down and are not damaged.
  • the weight of the load (3) is detected by the control module (61) - not shown here sensors - on the air suspension of the rear axle and calculated from the acquired data, in which lashing (21) a lashing strap (4) is to be hooked and which Proper biasing force is applied.
  • the lashing angle between the lashing strap (4) and the loading surface (2) is about 60 °. This value is well below the limit of about 83 °, below which the tensile force must be increased depending on the sine of the lashing angle. This increase can be easily traced in FIG. 1 if one imagines a force vector in the direction of the lashing strap (4) and mentally splits it into its components extending vertically and horizontally to the loading surface (2).
  • FIG. 1 does not explicitly indicate that the current amount of the angle ⁇ is transmitted wireless to the control module (61) and a correction factor for the preload force in the lashing strap (4) is calculated there. List of signs ⁇ angle of inclination between load securing 4 u. Loading area 2
  • tensioning device of a belt as load securing 4 5 safety sensor detects the force with which the load securing devices 4 act on the load 3

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
  • Emergency Management (AREA)
  • Force Measurement Appropriate To Specific Purposes (AREA)
  • Traffic Control Systems (AREA)

Abstract

Véhicule, qui comporte une plateforme de chargement sur laquelle une charge (3) peut être installée et fixée. Au moins un élément de fixation (4) de charge mobile, mécanique et souple peut être mis en contact avec la charge, la présence d'une charge sur la plateforme de chargement peut être détectée à l'aide d'au moins un capteur de charge (7), et les signaux émis par tous les capteurs de charge peuvent être collectés au moyen d'un module de commande central. Selon l'invention, au moins un capteur de fixation (5) peut détecter la grandeur de la force qui est exercée sur la charge par l'élément de fixation de charge, la valeur de mesure de la masse de la charge peut être détectée par le module de commande et ledit module de commande peut vérifier si la force exercée par l'élément de fixation de charge correspond à la valeur fixée en fonction de la masse de la charge dans les réglementations en vigueur.
EP15784271.7A 2014-08-23 2015-08-20 Surveillance électronique de la fixation du chargement de véhicules Withdrawn EP3215396A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102014012508.4A DE102014012508A1 (de) 2014-08-23 2014-08-23 Elektronische Überwachung der Ladungssicherung von Fahrzeugen
PCT/DE2015/000417 WO2016029895A1 (fr) 2014-08-23 2015-08-20 Surveillance électronique de la fixation du chargement de véhicules

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3215396A1 true EP3215396A1 (fr) 2017-09-13

Family

ID=54345404

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP15784271.7A Withdrawn EP3215396A1 (fr) 2014-08-23 2015-08-20 Surveillance électronique de la fixation du chargement de véhicules

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US10315555B2 (fr)
EP (1) EP3215396A1 (fr)
DE (2) DE102014012508A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2016029895A1 (fr)

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US20170267159A1 (en) 2017-09-21
US10315555B2 (en) 2019-06-11
WO2016029895A1 (fr) 2016-03-03
DE112015003859A5 (de) 2017-05-11
WO2016029895A4 (fr) 2016-05-12
DE102014012508A1 (de) 2016-02-25

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