EP3214191B1 - Hochfeste al-mg-si-aluminiumlegierung und deren herstellungsverfahren - Google Patents

Hochfeste al-mg-si-aluminiumlegierung und deren herstellungsverfahren Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3214191B1
EP3214191B1 EP17468001.7A EP17468001A EP3214191B1 EP 3214191 B1 EP3214191 B1 EP 3214191B1 EP 17468001 A EP17468001 A EP 17468001A EP 3214191 B1 EP3214191 B1 EP 3214191B1
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Prior art keywords
temperature
casting
process according
bars
forms
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP3214191A1 (de
Inventor
Peter Cvahte
Marina Jelen
Dragojevic Vukasin
Steinacher Matej
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Impol 2000 D D
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
    • C22C21/02—Alloys based on aluminium with silicon as the next major constituent
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
    • C22F1/04—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
    • C22F1/05—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon of alloys of the Al-Si-Mg type, i.e. containing silicon and magnesium in approximately equal proportions

Definitions

  • the invention is in the field of metallurgy and materials and refers to a high-strength Al-Mg-Si aluminium alloy and its manufacturing process.
  • the invented alloy is used in the automotive, aircraft, transport, and construction industries.
  • Magnesium and silicon are the main alloying elements in the 6xxx aluminium alloys. Together they form the Mg 2 Si phase, which allows precipitation hardening of the alloy during ageing.
  • the Al-Mg-Si alloys have good workability, machinability, weldability, corrosion resistance, and strength between 230 and 450 MPa, depending on the heat treatment. A strength above 450 MPa was achieved with addition of 0.8-1.5 wt. % of Cu and 0.05-0.3 wt. % of Zr in the EP 2548983 patent, but this alloy has poor corrosion resistance on account of the higher content of copper.
  • the Al-Zn alloys (the 7xxx series) can achieve a strength higher than 500 MPa, but the use of these alloys is limited by their workability and corrosion resistance.
  • the Al-Mg-Si alloys are manufactured in the following sequence: charge preparing and melting, melt holding, semi-continuous billet casting, homogenizing, extruding of the bars or other final forms, forming (e.g. forging), and heat treatment.
  • a recent manufacturing process i.e., the continuous casting of bars, enables the forming of cast bars directly. In this case there is no homogenizing and extrusion.
  • the Al-Mg-Si alloys contain iron, copper, manganese, chromium, zinc, titanium, and zirconium.
  • the addition of zirconium improves the corrosion resistance, inhibits the recrystallization, refines the as-cast grains, and consequently improves the mechanical properties.
  • the content of zirconium in the Al-Mg-Si alloys is to 0.3 wt.
  • the chemical compositions of Al-Mg-Si alloys do not contain 1.3-1.7 wt. % of Si, 0.14-0.25 wt. % of Fe, up to 0.75 wt. % of Cu, 0.7-0.8 wt. % of Mn, 0.85-1.1 wt. % of Mg, 0.15-0.25 wt. % of Cr, up to 0.2 wt. % of Zn, up to 0.1 wt. % of Ti, 0.15-0.25 wt. % of Zr, other elements up to 0.15 wt. % (single element up to 0.05 wt. %), with the rest being Al.
  • the present invention is defined by the appended claims.
  • the manufacturing process of the Al-Mg-Si alloy begins with preparing a charge that consists of the primary aluminium (99.7 wt. % of Al), revert scrap, secondary scrap, and alloying elements. These are added as the pure elements or master alloys.
  • the prepared charge is placed in the melting furnace (gas or induction), where the melting is started.
  • the chemical composition of the melt is checked after the melting.
  • the melting temperature depends on the content of Zr in the melt and is between 700 and 780 °C, while the melting takes up to 5 h.
  • the melt stirring is favourable for the dissolution of Zr, which is implemented naturally in an induction furnace and mechanically in a gas furnace.
  • the melting time is reduced with the use of an Al-Zr master alloy, where the Zr is precipitated in the form of fine Al 3 Zr phases.
  • the melt is poured into the holding furnace, where it is cleaned with argon or nitrogen flushing and is held above the liquidus temperature up to 4 h.
  • the liquidus temperature depends on the content of Zr in the melt and is between 700 and 750 °C. If the holding temperature falls below the liquidus temperature, the zirconium begins to precipitate in the form of the Al 3 Zr phase, which settles to the bottom of the holding furnace, because its density is 4.1 g/cm 3 .
  • the coarse Al 3 Zr phases represent the defects in the final products and also decrease the effect of the Zr in the alloy.
  • the alloy can be semi-continuously cast with different casting processes (with floats, with a hot top, or in an electromagnetic field at lower frequency) into billets with a diameter of 218-450 mm and a length up to 8 m.
  • the casting temperature is between 680 and 730 °C and the casting rate is 50-85 mm/min.
  • the alloy can be continuously cast into bars with a diameter of 30-150 mm.
  • the casting temperature is between 680 and 730 °C and the casting rate is 100-1000 mm/min.
  • the cast bars are subsequently hot or cold formed and heat treated, or only heat treated.
  • the melt temperature in the holding furnace should not fall under the liquidus temperature during the casting.
  • the cast billets are homogenized at a temperature of 400-550 °C for up to 24 h, cooled with fans, water fog, water, or air, and ultrasonically tested.
  • the homogenization is performed below the solidus temperature, because the Mg 2 Si phases are melted at higher temperatures and cause the formation of pores within the microstructure.
  • the billets are cut into a round length of 600-1600 mm and dressed as necessary. Later, the round is preheated to the homogenous temperature or in the temperature profile (wedge). The temperature of the round is between 470 and 550 °C.
  • the bars with a diameter of 20-180 mm or other forms to an outlined circle of 270 mm, are directly or indirectly extruded with an extrusion rate of 0.1-25 mm/s.
  • the temperatures of the container and the die are between 360 and 520 °C.
  • the bars are water quenched (spray or wave) immediately after the extrusion (T1 temper). Then the bars in the T1 temper are cold or hot formed and heat treated, or only heat treated according to the required heat treatment.
  • the bars, other forms, or forged parts for the T6 temper are solution heat treated at a temperature of 450-550 °C from 1 to 3 h, water quenched, and artificially aged at a temperature of 120-210 °C for up to 15 h.
  • T5 temper For the T5 temper they are only artificially aged at a temperature of 120-210 °C for up to 15 h and for the T4 temper they are the solution heat treated at a temperature of 450-550 °C from 1 to 3 h, water quenched, and still naturally aged.
  • the high-strength Al-Mg-Si aluminium alloy in the form of bars, other forms, or forged parts, which is manufactured with the processes and chemical composition described above, achieves a tensile strength of 452-495 MPa, a yield stress of 418-465 MPa, an elongation of 9-12.5 %, and a hardness of 141-145 HB in the T6 temper.
  • the alloy has good corrosion resistance, which is in accordance with automotive standards.
  • the intergranular corrosion test according to the VW PV 1113 standard showed that the depth of the intergranular corrosion of the bars in the T6 temper is less than 200 ⁇ m.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Extrusion Of Metal (AREA)
  • Continuous Casting (AREA)

Claims (12)

  1. Eine hochfeste gespritzte oder gegossene Al-Mg-Si-Aluminiumlegierung ist dadurch gekennzeichnet,
    dass sie 1,3-1,7 Gew.-% Silicium (Si), 0,14-0,25 Gew.-% Eisen (Fe), bis zu 0,75 Gew.-% Kupfer (Cu), 0,7-0,8 Gew.-% Mangan (Mn), 0,85-1,1 Gew.-% Magnesium (Mg), 0,15-0,25 Gew.-% Chrom (Cr), bis zu 0,2 Gew.-% Zink (Zn), bis zu 0,1 Gew.-% Titan (Ti), 0,15-0,25 Gew.-% Zirconium (Zr), sowie andere Elemente bis zu 0,15 Gew.-% und ein Einzelelement bis 0,05 Gew.-% enthält, und der Rest aus Aluminium (AI) besteht.
  2. Ein Herstellungsprozess der hochfesten gespritzten oder gegossenen Al-Mg-Si-Aluminiumlegierung mit einer Zusammensetzung gemäß Anspruch 1, ist dadurch gekennzeichnet,
    dass er die Vorbereitung des Auftrags, das Schmelzen, die Schmelzwarmhaltung, den semi-kontinuierlichen Rundbarrenguss oder den kontinuierlichen Balkenguss, das Homogenisieren, das Schneiden der Rundbarren, das Spritzen, Formen und die Wärmbehandlung beinhaltet.
  3. Das Verfahren gemäß Anspruch 2 ist dadurch gekennzeichnet,
    dass die Schmelztemperatur im Schmelzofen zwischen 700 und 780 °C liegt und dass die Schmelzzeit bis zu 5 Stunden beträgt.
  4. Das Verfahren gemäß Anspruch 2 ist dadurch gekennzeichnet,
    dass die Schmelztemperatur im Warmhalteofen zwischen 700 und 750 °C liegt und dass die Warmhaltezeit vor dem Gießen bis zu 4 Stunden dauert, während die Schmelztemperatur im Warmhalteofen während des Gießens nicht unter die Liquidustemperatur sinken sollte.
  5. Das Verfahren gemäß Anspruch 2 ist dadurch gekennzeichnet,
    dass der Guss mit einem halb-kontinuierlichen Gießverfahren mit Schwimmern, mit Gießaufsatz oder in einem elektromagnetischen Feld bei niedrigerer Frequenz zu Rundbarren mit einem Durchmesser von 218-450 mm, einer Länge bis zu 8 m, bei einer Gießtemperatur von 680-730 °C und einer Gießgeschwindigkeit von 50-85 mm/min durchgeführt wird, oder dass der Guss mit einem kontinuierlichen Gießverfahren zu Barren mit einem Durchmesser von 30-150 mm, bei einer Gießtemperatur von 680-730 °C und einer Gießgeschwindigkeit von 100-1000 mm/min durchgeführt wird.
  6. Das Verfahren gemäß Anspruch 2 ist dadurch gekennzeichnet,
    dass die gegossenen Rundbarren bei einer Temperatur von 400-550 °C bis zu 24 Stunden homogenisiert werden und mit Gebläsen, Wassernebel, Wasser oder Luft gekühlt werden.
  7. Das Verfahren gemäß Anspruch 2 ist dadurch gekennzeichnet,
    dass die Rundbarren vor dem Strangpressen auf eine Temperatur von 470-550 °C vorgeheizt werden.
  8. Das Verfahren gemäß Anspruch 2 ist dadurch gekennzeichnet,
    dass die Behältertemperatur und die Formtemperatur beim direkten oder indirekten Strangpressen zwischen 360 und 520 °C liegen.
  9. Das Verfahren gemäß Anspruch 2 ist dadurch gekennzeichnet,
    dass die Rundbarren direkt oder indirekt in Balken mit einem Durchmesser von 20-180 mm oder in andere Formen auf eine skizzierte Kreisform von 270 mm stranggepresst werden (und zwar mit einer Extrusionsgeschwindigkeit von 0,1-25 mm/s), die dennoch sofort nach dem Strangpressen wasservergütet werden (mittels Sprühwasser oder Welle).
  10. Das Verfahren gemäß Anspruch 2 ist dadurch gekennzeichnet,
    dass die Balken, sonstige Formen oder Schmiedeteile für den Härtegrad T6 bei einer Temperatur von 450-550 °C für 1 bis 3 Stunden lösungsgeglüht, wasservergütet und bei einer Temperatur von 120-210 °C für bis zu 15 Stunden warmausgehärtet werden.
  11. Das Verfahren gemäß Anspruch 2 ist dadurch gekennzeichnet,
    dass die Balken, sonstige Formen oder Schmiedeteile für den Härtegrad T5 bei einer Temperatur von 120-210°C für bis zu 15 Stunden warmausgehärtet werden.
  12. Das Verfahren gemäß Anspruch 2 ist dadurch gekennzeichnet,
    dass die Balken, sonstige Formen oder Schmiedeteile für den Härtegrad T4 bei einer Temperatur von 450-550 °C für 1 bis 3 Stunden lösungsgeglüht, wasservergütet und dann kaltausgehärtet werden.
EP17468001.7A 2016-03-04 2017-03-02 Hochfeste al-mg-si-aluminiumlegierung und deren herstellungsverfahren Active EP3214191B1 (de)

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SI201600063A SI24911A (sl) 2016-03-04 2016-03-04 Visokotrdna aluminijeva zlitina Al-Mg-Si in njen postopek izdelave

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EP3214191B1 true EP3214191B1 (de) 2020-08-19

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DE102020001116A1 (de) 2020-02-20 2021-08-26 Neuman Aluminium Fliesspresswerk Gmbh Kaltfließgepresstes Bauteil und Kaltfließpressverfahren
RU2754541C1 (ru) * 2020-09-16 2021-09-03 Общество с ограниченной ответственностью "Институт легких материалов и технологий" Деформируемый сплав на основе алюминия и изделие из него
CN113186434B (zh) * 2021-04-13 2022-06-28 上海交通大学 一种汽车用耐应力腐蚀的铝合金材料及其制备方法
CN113070648B (zh) * 2021-04-14 2022-07-15 辽宁忠旺集团有限公司 一种航空座椅框架加工工艺
CN113817941A (zh) * 2021-08-27 2021-12-21 东莞市鑫昌铝制品有限公司 一种铝合金型材及其制备方法
CN114892048A (zh) * 2022-05-11 2022-08-12 四川越创铝业有限公司 一种低合金成份、高强度铝合金的制备方法
CN115094355A (zh) * 2022-07-01 2022-09-23 南京工业大学 Al-Zn-Mg-Cu系铝合金双级慢速随炉升温均匀化热处理工艺
CN116555608B (zh) * 2023-07-12 2023-10-13 中铝材料应用研究院有限公司 光学铝合金和其制备方法
CN117737490A (zh) * 2023-12-07 2024-03-22 安徽省金兰金盈铝业有限公司 一种高强度铝合金的加工工艺

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