EP3203151A1 - Dispositif de mélange d'air/gaz de combustion pour un appareil de chauffage - Google Patents

Dispositif de mélange d'air/gaz de combustion pour un appareil de chauffage Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3203151A1
EP3203151A1 EP16201672.9A EP16201672A EP3203151A1 EP 3203151 A1 EP3203151 A1 EP 3203151A1 EP 16201672 A EP16201672 A EP 16201672A EP 3203151 A1 EP3203151 A1 EP 3203151A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
fuel
needle
air
mixing device
opening
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP16201672.9A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP3203151B1 (fr
Inventor
Ewald Oesterle
Franz Schmuker
Markus Wacker
Albrecht Schaefer
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Robert Bosch GmbH
Original Assignee
Robert Bosch GmbH
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Robert Bosch GmbH filed Critical Robert Bosch GmbH
Publication of EP3203151A1 publication Critical patent/EP3203151A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP3203151B1 publication Critical patent/EP3203151B1/fr
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N1/00—Regulating fuel supply
    • F23N1/007—Regulating fuel supply using mechanical means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C7/00—Combustion apparatus characterised by arrangements for air supply
    • F23C7/008—Flow control devices
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D14/00—Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid
    • F23D14/46—Details, e.g. noise reduction means
    • F23D14/60—Devices for simultaneous control of gas and combustion air
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D14/00—Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid
    • F23D14/46—Details, e.g. noise reduction means
    • F23D14/62—Mixing devices; Mixing tubes
    • F23D14/64—Mixing devices; Mixing tubes with injectors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D2900/00—Special features of, or arrangements for burners using fluid fuels or solid fuels suspended in a carrier gas
    • F23D2900/14—Special features of gas burners
    • F23D2900/14481—Burner nozzles incorporating flow adjusting means

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a fuel-air mixing device in which a preferably gaseous fuel is supplied into the flowing air in the region of a constriction via at least one opening and a heater with such a fuel-air mixing device.
  • the invention also relates to a method for controlling a heater with such a fuel-air mixing device.
  • the EP2863125A1 shows and describes a fuel-air mixing device in the form of a venturi for a blower-assisted burner.
  • the air is sucked in by the blower and due to the negative pressure conditions in the area of the Venturi throat the gaseous fuel is sucked in automatically.
  • the fuel-air ratio is set via the position of the fuel supply opening. Heaters with such an arrangement are too limited in their ability to change the fuel-air ratio over a wide modulation range, for today's wishes.
  • the fuel-air mixing device with the features of the main claim has the advantage that the fact that the needle is adjustable in the fuel port, the regulation of the amount of fuel flowing the amount of fuel can take place by adjusting the needle. As a result, the position of the fuel opening in the bottleneck no longer needs to be changed to adjust the amount of fuel and can be fixed. This makes it possible to place the fuel outlet in the area with the lowest suction pressure and always introduce the fuel at high speed.
  • the fuel-air ratio through the needle can be set very precisely without restricting the large modulation range of the air flow.
  • This allows a quick and accurate adaptation to external boundary conditions, in particular fluctuations in the gas density and gas quality. So different fuel types can be supplied and optimized by adjusting the fuel port with the needle, the respective mixing ratio.
  • the features listed in the dependent claims advantageous refinements of the heater according to the main claim are possible. So it is advantageous if the position of the fuel opening in the bottleneck is adjustable. Thus, age-related changes to the geometric or fluidic conditions can be easily corrected. Also, manufacturing tolerances can be compensated in this way. In addition, so the air flow can be regulated, which allows in particular when using the fuel-air mixing device in a heater with a constant speed fan, the setting of the burner performance.
  • the once set fuel opening can be locked. This can, for example, directly after installation and the Calibration of the fuel-air mixing device in a heater in the factory done or locally, when the heater is installed.
  • the flow conditions improve.
  • the turbulence in the fuel flow is reduced.
  • the flow conditions further improve when the fuel port is designed so that the fuel is introduced centrally into the air flow.
  • the airfoil has a particularly stable symmetry, allowing the fuel to flow cleanly along the flowing air. Turbulence and turbulence are avoided by tearing flow lines and allows a particularly low-pressure flow.
  • a further improvement occurs when the adjustment of the needle can be automated.
  • a particularly advantageous actuator is an electric motor, this allows a fast and precise control and allows a compact, space-saving design.
  • the burner output can be adjusted by the fan power without changing the fuel-air ratio. This allows optimal and clean combustion over a very large modulation range. This is advantageous, for example, in well-insulated houses, as in such a low power value for the heating, but a high power value for the process water is needed. Ensuring the optimum mixing ratio is possible by adjusting the fuel opening with the needle. It is not necessary to adjust the introduced amount of fuel above the fuel pressure, such as by throttling the fuel supply in front of the fuel port, which would limit the modulation range.
  • a particularly large modulation range is achieved when the fuel is introduced into the airflow at maximum inflow velocity. This is made possible by a fuel which is available under a predetermined, in particular constant pressure, which is provided by a fuel regulating valve.
  • the heater has a sensor for determining a fuel / air ratio
  • the knowledge of the fuel / air ratio allows conclusions to be drawn as to the quality of the combustion. This information helps to optimize combustion.
  • a further improvement occurs when the heater has a control system which automatically adjusts the needle.
  • the heater can be operated with an optimum fuel-air ratio ensured by automatic control. In this way, the ease of use is increased and the occurrence of setting errors largely avoided.
  • a method of controlling the heater whereby a sensor determines at least one measured value and the control system adjusts the needle depending on the measured value, allows to ensure always optimal combustion under rapidly changing internal and external conditions.
  • FIG. 1 a section through a fuel-air mixing device 10 according to the invention is shown
  • FIG. 2 shows a view of the fuel-air mixing device 10 in a heater 12 according to the invention in the region of a constriction 14 of a venturi 16 is a fuel port 18 of a fuel nozzle 20, which is fastened by means of a connection holder 22.
  • the connection holder 22 consists of an annular element which comprises the fuel nozzle 20 and of which four equidistantly arranged Finger out, which are connected to the venturi 16.
  • an air opening 24 is formed between the venturi 16 and the fuel nozzle 20, through which in the environment existing air 26 (shown by an arrow) flows.
  • FIG. 3 shows that the air opening 24 is formed substantially annular.
  • the number of fingers of the connector holder 22 can be changed, with a smaller number saves material and ensures a better air supply. A larger number of fingers improves the mechanical stability of the connector holder 22. In particularly advantageous embodiments, the number of fingers is between three and twelve.
  • the connecting holder 22 is cylindrical and / or funnel-shaped, wherein the Venturi tube 16 and the fuel nozzle 20 are each enclosed in the opposite ends of the connecting holder 22 and the air supply is ensured by openings in the cylinder and / or funnel jacket.
  • a fuel 28 (shown by arrows) is directed through a fuel supply line 30 into a fuel chamber 32.
  • the fuel nozzle 20 and the fuel chamber 32 are made of a workpiece, in other variants, these are made of separate and fixed or detachably connected sections. In this way, the fuel nozzle 20 is adaptable to different Venturi tubes 16 with different geometries, wherein the same workpiece for the fuel chamber 32 is usable.
  • the fuel 28 is introduced via the fuel supply line 30 into the fuel chamber 32.
  • a negative pressure located on the side facing away from the fuel nozzle 20 side of the venturi 16 a negative pressure, so that the air 26 through the air opening 24 sucked and accelerated to the bottleneck 14.
  • the fuel 28 is introduced via the fuel nozzle 20 into the constriction 14 and sucked in the flow direction.
  • the exactly positioned by the connection holder 22 fuel port 18 is located at the position with the lowest negative pressure, so that the fuel 28 is sucked in at a high flow rate. This allows a high modulation of the burner performance at a constant fuel-air ratio.
  • the fuel nozzle 20 has a needle 34.
  • the needle is located on the longitudinal axis of the fuel nozzle 20. It is displaceable along this longitudinal axis.
  • the needle 34 tapers towards the fuel opening 18.
  • the opening cross section of the fuel opening 18 can be adjusted.
  • the needle diameter decreases linearly with the length, wherein the needle 34 is always arranged symmetrically about the longitudinal axis of the fuel nozzle 20. Therefore, in the embodiment, the opening cross section of the fuel opening 18 depends quadratically on the insertion depth of the needle 34.
  • the needle diameter varies nonlinearly along the length of the needle 34.
  • the amount of fuel 28 supplied may be accurately adjusted depending on the depth of insertion of the needle 26.
  • Fuel dosage and in particular allows an increase in the dosing accuracy without changing the displacement mechanism. This is especially for the cheap production and adaptation of different versions of the fuel-air mixing device 10 for use under different technical requirements of advantage, since only the profile of the needle 34 must be changed.
  • the geometry of the needle 34, in particular the needle tip, is optimized with regard to its flow properties.
  • the needle tip of the needle 34 has a peg-shaped adjusting body 38. In this way, a particularly laminar fuel influence in the air flow at the constriction 14 is ensured.
  • FIG. 4B illustrates an alternative geometry of an adjusting body 38.
  • the radius of the adjusting body 38 extends from the needle 34 starting initially linear, from a turning point, the radius of the adjusting body 38 decreases linearly.
  • the needle 34 is guided from the fuel nozzle 20 opposite direction to the fuel port 18. This design offers the advantage that an adjustment mechanism for the needle 34 can be arranged downstream of and / or in the venturi tube 16 in the flow direction. This allows a more compact design of the fuel-air mixing device 10th
  • the needle 34 is disposed at an angle to the axis of symmetry of the fuel nozzle 20 and / or decentralized. In this way, the fuel 28 becomes asymmetric in the air flow admitted, which increases the formation of turbulence and thus accelerates the mixing of air 26 and fuel 28.
  • a similar effect is achieved in variants with a fuel nozzle 20 arranged in a decentralized manner relative to the axis of symmetry of the venturi 16.
  • the position of the fuel nozzle 20 arranged centrally relative to the venturi 16 is fixed by the connection holder 22.
  • the position of the fuel nozzle 20 and thus the fuel port 18 is adjustable.
  • the degree of turbulence of the outflowing fuel 28 can be regulated.
  • the normal of the fuel opening 18 is arranged parallel to the axis of symmetry of the Venturi tube 16, so that the fuel is sucked in the direction of the air flow.
  • the normal of the fuel opening 18 at an angle between 0 ° and 45 ° relative to the axis of symmetry of the Venturi 16. In this way, the degree of turbulence and thus the mixing of the fuel-air mixture can be adjusted.
  • FIG. 5 A and B Variants are shown in which the immersion depth of the fuel nozzle 20 via a thread 36 is adjustable. It is in the in Figure 5 A variant shown, the Venturi 16 connected via a thread 36 with the connector holder 22. In the in FIG. 5B illustrated variant of the connector holder 22 and the fuel nozzle 20 are connected via a thread 36. In an embodiment not shown with two threads 36, the variants of the Figures 5 A and B combined, while the two threads 36 each for the rough setting and the fine adjustment of the position of the fuel nozzle 20 is provided.
  • the fuel nozzle 20 and / or the venturi 16 are slidably mounted relative to the connection holder and are or is fixed with a locking mechanism, such as a latch, a locking screw, a folding element or a magnetic closure.
  • a locking mechanism such as a latch, a locking screw, a folding element or a magnetic closure.
  • the axial positioning of the fuel nozzle 20 with actuators such as electric motors, linear motors, hydraulically or pneumatically. These actuators are directly or indirectly, such as threaded, connected to the fuel nozzle 20 and can also be used for the operation of a locking mechanism. All actuators and manually operated adjustment mechanisms can be used in combination.
  • the size and / or shape of the air opening 24 can be varied.
  • the sucked amount of air and / or the fuel-air ratio and / or the turbulence degree of the air 26 and the fuel 28 can be influenced.
  • the variably positionable configured fuel nozzle 20 can be locked. In this way, the setting of the fuel nozzle is protected from changes and manipulation.
  • the locking device can be realized for example in the form of a locking screw and / or a latching element and / or a folding element.
  • the locking device is closable, in particular sealable executed.
  • the adjustment of the opening cross-section of the fuel opening 18 takes place in the embodiment by the displacement of the needle 34 by means of an electric motor 40 (shown schematically in FIG FIG. 1 ).
  • the rotational movement of the electric motor 40 is transferred via a transmission in a longitudinal movement.
  • the position of the needle is controlled directly with a linear motor and / or pneumatically and / or hydraulically.
  • the needle is manually adjustable, for example via a thread or by a freely movable bearing with a locking mechanism. This is advantageous in applications in which an adjustment of the fuel opening is rarely necessary. Particularly advantageous are those variants in which the manually adjustable needle can be locked and the lock is designed to be closed, in particular sealable.
  • control of the opening cross-section of the fuel opening 18 via a variable in length needle 34 allows a particularly compact design of the fuel-air mixing device 10th
  • FIG. 6 schematically shows a heater 12, which has a fan 42, a burner 44 and a fuel-air mixing device 10.
  • the fuel 28 is supplied via the fuel supply line 30 of the fuel-air mixing device 10.
  • the fuel control valve 48 is configured in the embodiment to provide the fuel 28 at a predetermined, constant pressure regardless of its input pressure. It is particularly advantageous if the fuel 28 is regulated to a pressure equal to or substantially equal to the ambient pressure. In other variants, the fuel is adjusted to a value proportional to the ambient pressure. In further Variants of the fuel pressure is varied, matching the currently required heating power. This is particularly advantageous in variants in which the blower 42 is operated at constant power, since with the aid of the fuel control valve 48, the fuel flow and thus the burner output can be regulated.
  • the fuel 28 is mixed with the incoming air 26, sucked by the blower 42 and fed to the burner 44 via a feed hood 50.
  • the burner 44 is designed as a downflow burner, below which a heat exchanger 52 is arranged, to which a flow line 54 and a return line 56 is connected for heating water.
  • the exhaust gases are passed through an exhaust pipe 58 from the heat exchanger 52 via an exhaust outlet 60 to the outside.
  • a control system 62 which is connected via bus lines 64 to the fuel control valve 48, to the burner 44 and to the fuel-air mixing device 10 and has an external connection 66.
  • the external connection 66 can be connected to a control element, which allows setting and control of heater parameters and functions.
  • other components of the heater 12 are connected to the control system 62, such as the fan 42 for controlling the speed and / or a radio module for communication with external controls and controls.
  • the control system 62 wirelessly communicates with the heater components, preferably via a radio link.
  • FIG. 7 schematically illustrates the operation of the heater 10 according to the invention.
  • the fan 42 sucks on the invention
  • Fuel-air mixing device 10 a fuel-air mixture and delivers it via the feed hood 50 to the burner 44.
  • the fuel control valve 48 is mounted directly on the fuel chamber 32 of the fuel-air mixing device 10, which as an angle is executed. This allows a particularly space-saving arrangement in the heater 12. In this way, a particularly compact design of the heater 12 is possible.
  • the fuel control valve 48 and the fuel line 46 are arranged parallel or substantially parallel to the fuel nozzle 20. This is advantageous for use in elongate heaters 12 having a given maximum diameter.
  • the adjusting mechanism for the needle is partially or completely within the fuel chamber 32 and / or the fuel supply line 30 and / or from the fuel control valve 48 and / or the fuel line 46th
  • the fuel-air mixture burns with a flame 68, which is monitored by an ionization electrode 70.
  • the hot exhaust gases flow around the heat exchanger and are cooled by this.
  • the ionization electrode 70 measures the ionization current and sends this value to the control system 62. From the ionization current, the fuel-air ratio can be determined. Depending on ionization current, the control system 62 regulates the fuel-air ratio over the depth of insertion of the needle 34 to optimize combustion, such as emissions and efficiency.
  • sensors suitable for determining the fuel-air ratio are used instead of the ionization electrode, for example by measuring the residual oxygen (lambda probe), the carbon dioxide or carbon monoxide content in the exhaust gases as well as ultraviolet or infrared radiation in the flame 68.
  • the sensor or the sensors is / are mounted in / on the burner 44 and / or in / on the exhaust gas line 58 and / or in / on the exhaust gas outlet 60.
  • the ionization current is measured in the exemplary embodiment in the first step by means of the ionization electrode 70 and transmitted to the control system 62. If the ionization current deviates from a predetermined power-dependent value, the control system 62 changes the depth of insertion of the needle 34 in a second step so that the ionization current largely assumes the predetermined value. In this way, the operation of the heater 12 can be ensured with an optimum fuel-air ratio.
  • a sensor for determining the fuel-air ratio which measures no ionization current
  • a sensor for determining the residual oxygen (lambda probe) the carbon dioxide or carbon monoxide content in the exhaust gases, see above, is in first step by means of this sensor, the corresponding sensor measured value determined.
  • This sensor reading is used in the second step to adjust the insertion depth of the needle 34. If the sensor reading deviates from a predetermined, power-dependent value, the control system 62, in the second step, changes the depth of insertion of the needle 34 so that the sensor reading becomes substantially the predetermined value.
  • the fuel-air ratio is determined in an intermediate step by the control system 62 with the aid of stored characteristic maps from the ionization current or the sensor measured value and the burner output. If the fuel-air ratio deviates from a predetermined value at least with a defined deviation, in the second step, the insertion depth of the needle 34 is adjusted so that the fuel-air ratio largely assumes the predetermined value.
  • the ionization electrode 70 or the sensor transmits in the first step a plurality of ionization current measurements or sensor measured values to the control system 62 which determines therefrom the rate of change of the ionization current or of the sensor measurement variable or of the fuel-air ratio.
  • further measurement data are transmitted from further sensors to the control system 62 and taken into account for the adjustment of the adjustable needle 34.
  • the burner output is set to a defined value. This is advantageous in systems and / or parameter ranges where the burner output can not be assigned to an optimal ionization current or sensor measured value or where Burner power and ionization current or sensor reading can not be clearly assigned to a fuel-air ratio.
  • control system 62 adjusts the position of the fuel nozzle 20 in an intermediate step that may be performed before or after the third step.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Regulation And Control Of Combustion (AREA)
EP16201672.9A 2016-02-03 2016-12-01 Dispositif de mélange d'air/gaz de combustion pour un appareil de chauffage Active EP3203151B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102016201624.5A DE102016201624A1 (de) 2016-02-03 2016-02-03 Brennstoff-Luft-Mischeinrichtung für ein Heizgerät

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3203151A1 true EP3203151A1 (fr) 2017-08-09
EP3203151B1 EP3203151B1 (fr) 2020-02-12

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EP (1) EP3203151B1 (fr)
DE (1) DE102016201624A1 (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102019217419A1 (de) * 2019-11-12 2021-05-12 Robert Bosch Gmbh Mischeinrichtung für ein gebläsebetriebenes Heizgerät

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102017217248A1 (de) 2017-09-27 2019-03-28 Robert Bosch Gmbh Brennstoff-Luft-Mischeinrichtung und ein Heizgerät

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0754914A1 (fr) * 1995-07-19 1997-01-22 Centre D'etude Et De Realisations D'equipement Et De Materiel (C.E.R.E.M.) S.A.R.L. Dispositif d'injection pour bruleur atmosphérique à gaz d'appareil de chauffage notamment du type à infrarouge
EP1482245A1 (fr) * 2003-05-30 2004-12-01 Hovalwerk AG Dispositif de réglage du rapport air/carburant d'un appareil de combustion à prémélange
DE102013220954A1 (de) * 2013-10-16 2015-04-16 Robert Bosch Gmbh Heizgerät mit einem von einem Gebläse unterstützten Brenner
EP2863125A1 (fr) 2013-10-16 2015-04-22 Robert Bosch Gmbh Appareil de chauffage doté d'un brûleur assisté d'un ventilateur

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE596838C (de) * 1931-10-08 1934-05-11 Karl Molnar Dipl Ing Zerstaeuber fuer fluessige Brennstoffe, insbesondere fuer OElfeuerungen
AT259811B (de) * 1966-07-08 1968-02-12 Pierre Nibelle Gasbrenner
DE3316190A1 (de) * 1983-05-04 1984-11-15 Hans Georg Dipl.-Ing. Zimmermann (FH), 7100 Heilbronn Oel-blaubrenner

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0754914A1 (fr) * 1995-07-19 1997-01-22 Centre D'etude Et De Realisations D'equipement Et De Materiel (C.E.R.E.M.) S.A.R.L. Dispositif d'injection pour bruleur atmosphérique à gaz d'appareil de chauffage notamment du type à infrarouge
EP1482245A1 (fr) * 2003-05-30 2004-12-01 Hovalwerk AG Dispositif de réglage du rapport air/carburant d'un appareil de combustion à prémélange
DE102013220954A1 (de) * 2013-10-16 2015-04-16 Robert Bosch Gmbh Heizgerät mit einem von einem Gebläse unterstützten Brenner
EP2863125A1 (fr) 2013-10-16 2015-04-22 Robert Bosch Gmbh Appareil de chauffage doté d'un brûleur assisté d'un ventilateur

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102019217419A1 (de) * 2019-11-12 2021-05-12 Robert Bosch Gmbh Mischeinrichtung für ein gebläsebetriebenes Heizgerät
EP3822539A1 (fr) 2019-11-12 2021-05-19 Robert Bosch GmbH Dispositif de mélange pour un appareil de chauffage par soufflerie

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DE102016201624A1 (de) 2017-08-03
EP3203151B1 (fr) 2020-02-12

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