EP3189273B1 - Bougie de préchauffage - Google Patents

Bougie de préchauffage Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3189273B1
EP3189273B1 EP15759410.2A EP15759410A EP3189273B1 EP 3189273 B1 EP3189273 B1 EP 3189273B1 EP 15759410 A EP15759410 A EP 15759410A EP 3189273 B1 EP3189273 B1 EP 3189273B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
tubular body
head
glow plug
connector
connecting piece
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP15759410.2A
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP3189273A1 (fr
Inventor
Eberhard Janzen
Gebro GABRIYEL
Albrecht Geissinger
Jean-Marc Couffignal
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Robert Bosch GmbH
Original Assignee
Robert Bosch GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Robert Bosch GmbH filed Critical Robert Bosch GmbH
Publication of EP3189273A1 publication Critical patent/EP3189273A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP3189273B1 publication Critical patent/EP3189273B1/fr
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23Q—IGNITION; EXTINGUISHING-DEVICES
    • F23Q7/00—Incandescent ignition; Igniters using electrically-produced heat, e.g. lighters for cigarettes; Electrically-heated glowing plugs
    • F23Q7/001—Glowing plugs for internal-combustion engines
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23Q—IGNITION; EXTINGUISHING-DEVICES
    • F23Q7/00—Incandescent ignition; Igniters using electrically-produced heat, e.g. lighters for cigarettes; Electrically-heated glowing plugs
    • F23Q7/001—Glowing plugs for internal-combustion engines
    • F23Q2007/004—Manufacturing or assembling methods

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a glow plug with a heating pin, which is formed of a metal shell, which accommodates a heating cartridge made of ceramic and welded to the front portion of a tubular body whose rear portion carries a connector for the electrical supply, wherein the electrical connection with the mass via the metal shell and the tubular body takes place, wherein the supply takes place from the connector via a center electrode which is accommodated isolated in the tubular body.
  • glow plugs which produces the connection between the supply of the ceramic immersion heater with the center electrode by screwing a threaded rod in a metal spring, which is formed from the emerging from the heating ceramic connecting wire.
  • This arrangement is held in position by means of an insulating powder contained in the metal shell which is inserted into the tubular body of the candle. The electrical contact and the hold in position result from the compression of the insulating powder around the screwed parts around.
  • the present invention aims to simplify the construction and manufacture of a glow plug by omitting the compacted insulating powder inside the glow plug in order to reduce the cost of materials and the manufacturing cost of the glow plug, by the manufacturing steps and the number of parts, the participate in the execution of the glow plug, be reduced.
  • front and left sides of the figures corresponding to the side of the heating cartridge of the glow plug and the rear side or right side of the side of the connecting piece of the glow plug corresponds.
  • the glow plug of the present invention has a particularly simple structure in which the use of an insulating powder around the connecting elements between the heating cartridge and the center electrode is avoided, whereby the production is simplified and a reliable, efficient and economical glow plug is obtained.
  • the connecting piece consists of graphite.
  • the head is an electrically conductive metal cylinder which is divided by the collar into a front portion and a rear portion.
  • the collar is frustoconical in cross-section.
  • this frusto-conical cross-section of the collar it is possible to distribute the forces well on a significant support surface, which consists of the support shoulder of the reduction of the cylinder body, so that all pressure forces that ensure the electrical conduction between the heating cartridge and the center electrode, limited to the area which lies between the rear of the heating cartridge and the head, without these forces acting on the center electrode and can deform in the tubular body and cause a short circuit to the mass to which the tubular body is connected.
  • the immersion heater is recessed relative to the base part of the shell of the heating pin to form a chamber which at least partially accommodates the connector and partly the head, these two elements being surrounded by the insulating sleeve.
  • This chamber which is formed in the metal shell in its thicker part consisting of the base part, makes it possible to form the cavity or at least the main part of the space in which the connecting elements are received, which is compressed between the rear side of the heating cartridge and the center electrode are, ie the extension of the center electrode, which consists of the head, which in turn is supported on the support shoulder of the reduction. This makes it possible to reduce the depth of the reduction while not weakening the mechanical strength of the tubular body without requiring an increase in the material thickness of the tubular body.
  • the insulating washer has a passage which is appreciably smaller than the cross section of the rear portion of the head or of the center electrode.
  • the dimension of the through hole of the insulating washer makes it possible to ensure the accurate centering of the central electrode or its extension due to a slight stress on the elastic deformation of the rear portion of the head, which lies behind the collar and is received under normal conditions in the insulating ,
  • the insulating sleeve engages at least partially in the chamber of the metal shell, whereby a proper centering of the electrical connection elements between the rear of the heating cartridge and the front end of the center electrode, which consists of their attached head, is ensured.
  • the welding of the base part and the tube-shaped body takes place with laser, in particular by a rotary movement about the axis of the candle around.
  • This laser welding process enables a particularly effective, dense and fast welding.
  • the assembly of the front side of the glow plug with the vertically oriented tubular body, with its front end facing upwards, and the subunit thus mounted is reversed so that the axis is vertical, but the rear end of the tubular body and that of the center electrode are turned up to mount the gasket, the insulating sleeve and the connector, in particular by being conveyed to the rear end of the center electrode.
  • the mounted subassembly corresponding to the front portion of the glow plug is reversed to then mount the rear portion of the glow plug, and in particular the components unite and assemble the connector, with a certain compressive force on the tubular body by crimping to the rear end, preferably knurled or roughened or provided with a thread of the rear end of the center electrode, which absorbs the forces.
  • the glow plug according to the invention as a whole is particularly simple, effective and economical both because of their structure and because of their manufacturing process.
  • the subject of the invention is a glow plug consisting of a tubular body 1 carrying a heating pin 2 at the front side AV and a connector 3 at the rear end 110 (AR), whereby it is possible to connect the glow plug to the special connecting elements (not shown) ) of each vehicle manufacturer.
  • the heating pin 2 is applied via its electrical connection with the metal shell 21 to the ground, wherein the tubular body 1 in turn is in contact with the mass of the electrical system of the vehicle; the supply via the connector 3, which is connected via a control device, not shown, with the electrical system, which controls the supply of the heating pin 2 via the center electrode 7 through the body 1 therethrough.
  • FIG. 2A . 2 B and 3 explains; the assembly process is based on FIG. 4 and their parts 4A, 4B described.
  • the front of the glow plug is composed of the heating pin 2, which is mounted with the tubular body 1 in the axis xx of the glow plug.
  • the heating pin 2 is composed of a cylindrical metal shell 21 which accommodates a ceramic heating cartridge 22 comprising a circuit 23 having a heating resistor 231, a ground contact 232 at its periphery and an input contact 233 in its bottom wall 24 or rear.
  • the rear face 24 of the heating cartridge 22 is recessed with respect to the rear end of the metal shell 21 and the base part 26 by forming a chamber 25.
  • connection of the contact 232 and the metal shell 21 by soldering, pressing, shrinking or by pressing and shrinking in combination.
  • This connection bears the reference numeral 201. It preferably relates to the entire peripheral surface of the heating cartridge 22 and the entire inner surface of the cylindrical portion of the metal shell 21st
  • the metal shell 21 with a cylindrical shape terminates on the rear side with a base part 26, which forms a sealing cone 27, which serves to support the glow plug on the cylinder head of the internal combustion engine, wherein the front end, which is formed from the heating pin 2, in the combustion chamber of Cylinder of the engine protrudes.
  • the circuit 23 is in contact with the metal shell 21 through the ground via its contact 232; its input contact 233 is connected to the connector 3 through the tubular body 1 due to the conductive assembly consisting of a connector 4 partially received in an insulating sleeve 5 which also receives the front portion 61 of the head 6, which is attached to the center electrode 7 through the tubular body 1 therethrough.
  • the insulating sleeve 5 defines and insulates the conductive path in the base portion 26 of the metal shell 21: it covers the front portion 61 of the head 6 and receives the cylindrical connector 4 made of an electrically conductive cylindrical member made of graphite in electrical contact with the rear side 24 of the heating cartridge 22 passes.
  • the length L of the sleeve 5 is less than the sum of the length l1 of the connector 4 and the length l2 of the front portion 61 of the head 6, so that the connector 4 of the sleeve 5 and front end 61 formed assembly from the front of the insulating sleeve 5 protrudes when this assembly is compressed during mounting and during operation of the glow plug.
  • the connector 4 is compressed at room temperature by staying with its front side 41 with the rear side 24 and with its rear side 42 with the front portion of the head 6 in contact to ensure the electrical conduction in hot conditions, despite the dimensional variations caused by different expansions of the sheath 21, the tubular body 1 and the center electrode 7 are generated under the effect of the temperature fluctuations of the glow plug and its surroundings in a cold engine or a hot engine.
  • the front end 101 of the tubular body 1 includes a counterbore 102, which forms a shoulder 103 and receives an insulating washer 104, which keeps the center electrode 7 isolated from the electrically conductive tubular body 1 and in support Head 6 receives over its collar 62, wherein the rear portion 63 engages generally in the insulating disk 104 to be centered therein and kept electrically isolated from the tubular body 1.
  • the opening 1041 of the insulating washer 104 is matched in their dimensions to that of the rear portion 63 of the head or the center electrode 7, that is slightly braced to keep the center electrode 7 directly or indirectly well in centered position, which clearly from the inner contour of the tubular Body 1 is spaced to avoid any short circuit.
  • the base part 26 is welded to the front portion 101 of the tubular body 1 via a weld 203, whereby a cavity is formed with the chamber 25 and the counterbore 102, in which the subassembly composed of connector 4 and head 6 is housed, the front portion thereof 61 engages in the insulating sleeve 5, which partially receives the connector 4.
  • This subunit is compressed by the connecting piece 4, the front end 61 and the collar 62 of the head 6 between the rear side 24 and in particular the supply contact 233 of the ceramic heater 22 and the support shoulder 103 by means of the insulating 104 in the recess 102.
  • the pressing forces are exerted only on the head 6 to be transmitted to the support shoulder 103, whereas the center electrode 7 is not exposed to these forces and is not in danger of bending and touching the tubular body 1.
  • the input contact 233 of the ceramic cartridge 22 and the front end 61 of the head 6 have a surface treatment or coating.
  • the attached material (s) reduce electrical resistance, increase resistance to wear, and inhibit any oxidation that would increase power consumption.
  • the glow plug includes the connector 3, which is connected to the center electrode 7 for the electrical supply of the glow plug.
  • the tubular body 1 which is externally provided with a thread 105 and with a tool holder 106 for screwing it into the cylinder head of the internal combustion engine, includes a rear counterbore 107, which has an insulating bushing 9 for centering and electrically isolating the rear end 72 the center electrode 7 with the interposition of a seal 8 receives, which closes the annular space between the electrode 7 and the interior of the tubular body 1 and ensures the tightness of the entire front portion of the candle.
  • the connector 3 fixed to the rear end 72 of the center electrode 7 is externally provided with a collar 31 and at the front with a sleeve 32 to receive the knurled rear end 72 of the center electrode 7 and the fuse in the assembled state by a Flanging 204 ( FIG. 1 ).
  • the rear end 33 of the connector 3 receives the connector, which is unique to each vehicle manufacturer; Generally, this connector differs from one vehicle manufacturer to the next, however, all of these particular connectors (not shown) are adaptable to the end 33.
  • the assembly of the glow plug takes place in the same way as in FIG. 4 is shown in its parts 4A, 4B.
  • the heating pin 2 is mounted in the metal shell 21 either by soldering or by inserting the heating cartridge 22.
  • the insertion takes place offline or inline in an automatic manner by pressing in, shrinking or by a combined process of pressing in and shrinking.
  • soldering In the case of soldering, this assembly is done off-line by soldering the sets of parts, which is done in an oven and at high temperatures that can not be targeted in the production line.
  • the mounting of the front portion of the glow plug is carried out from the machined tubular body 1 (E1) by inserting the insulating washer 104 (E2), then inserting (E3) the center electrode 7 to which the head 6 has previously been welded the depression 102 above the insulating disk 104 and therethrough.
  • the head 6 and the center electrode 7 may preferably be joined by a laser welding with a rotary motion. Due to the very long length diversity of the center electrode 7, because of the length of the candles to be produced at the request of the manufacturer, this weld preferably takes place off-line.
  • the insulating washer 104 preferably has a cross section which corresponds to the cross section of the counterbore 102 for accurate positioning of the washer and then for accurate positioning of the center electrode 7 in a relatively accurate manner.
  • the insulating sleeve 5 is arranged around the front end 61 of the head 6 (step E4), and then the intermediate piece 4 is inserted into the insulating sleeve 5 (E5).
  • the insulating sleeve 5 has an inner diameter which is adapted to that of the front portion 61 of the head 6 to ensure accurate centering.
  • the outer diameter of the connecting piece 4 made of graphite corresponds exactly to the inner diameter of the insulating sleeve 5, to ensure positioning with minimal play.
  • the projection of the front side 41 of the graphite connector 4 with respect to the front end of the insulating sleeve, which is preferably made of ceramic, represents an excess length, which for pressing the graphite connector 4 to the rear side 24 of the ceramic heating cartridge 22 and in particular to the supply contact 233 is necessary and indispensable.
  • the compressive force exerted on the base member 26 in the direction of the tubular body 1 by supporting the collar 62 of the head 6 against the washer 104 is a compressive force which is permanently maintained after assembly by welding the base member 26 to the front end 101 of the tubular body 1.
  • the connecting piece 4 made of graphite is thus definitely compressed.
  • the degree of compression varies depending on the forces caused by expansions / depressions of the assembled parts, which are exposed to the temperature fluctuations in operation, to which the glow plug is subject.
  • the compressive forces exerted on the connecting piece 4 and the head 6 are effected on the one hand on the rear side 24 of the heating cartridge 22 and on the other hand on the supporting shoulder 103 of the tubular body 1.
  • This definitive compression makes it possible to absorb the expansions and contractions caused by the temperature variations of the candle to ensure a permanent electrical connection regardless of the temperature variations of these parts.
  • step (E6) the arrangement made with the heating pin 2 is covered.
  • step (E7) which arises after welding to the weld 203, is stable. It is rotated 180 ° so that the back is facing upwards ( FIG. 4B ) and to get to the position of step (E8). In this step, the gasket 8 and then the insulating bushing 9 are inserted (step E9).
  • the connector 3 is mounted on the rear end 72 of the center electrode 7, the connector 3 is compressed in the direction of the tubular body 1 by the force F (FIG. FIG. 2B ) and the crimp 204 (step E10) of the connector 3 is made by compressing the sleeve 32 at the knurled end 72 (FIG. FIG. 1 ).

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Resistance Heating (AREA)

Claims (10)

  1. Bougie de préchauffage comprenant une broche chauffante (2) qui est constituée d'une gaine métallique (21), laquelle accueille une cartouche chauffante (22) en céramique et est soudée avec la zone avant (101) d'un corps tubulaire (1), dont la zone arrière (110) comporte un connecteur (3) pour l'alimentation électrique, la liaison électrique avec la masse étant réalisée par le biais de la gaine métallique (21) et du corps tubulaire (1), l'alimentation depuis le connecteur (3) s'effectuant par le biais d'une électrode centrale (7) qui est accueillie de manière isolée dans le corps tubulaire (1), ladite bougie de préchauffage étant caractérisée en ce que
    la liaison électrique entre le côté arrière (24) de la cartouche chauffante (2), qui est pourvue d'un contact d'entrée (233), et l'extrémité avant (71) de l'électrode centrale (7) contient :
    - une pièce de liaison (4) électriquement conductrice,
    - une tête cylindrique (6) électriquement conductrice qui est fixée au niveau de la zone avant (71) de l'électrode centrale (7) et qui possède un collet d'appui (62),
    - une gaine (5) électriquement isolante qui entoure la portion avant (61) de la tête (6) au-delà du collet (62) et partiellement la pièce de liaison (4),
    - le corps tubulaire (1) possédant un enfoncement (102) au niveau de son extrémité avant (101), lequel forme un épaulement d'appui (103) qui accueille une rondelle isolante servant au centrage et à l'isolation électrique (104), le collet (62) ayant une section transversale plus petite que celle de l'enfoncement (102) afin de pouvoir reposer sur l'épaulement (103),
    - le sous-ensemble qui est composé de la pièce de liaison (4) et de la tête (6) étant comprimé entre le contact d'alimentation (233), le côté arrière (24) de la cartouche chauffante (2) et l'épaulement d'appui (103) du corps tubulaire (1), la pièce de liaison (4) étant pressée par son côté avant (41) contre le contact d'entrée (233) et par son côté arrière (42) contre l'extrémité avant (61) de la tête (6), dont le collet (62) est pressé contre l'appui (103) au moyen de la rondelle isolante (104).
  2. Bougie de préchauffage selon la revendication 1, caractérisée en ce que la pièce de liaison (4) est constituée de graphite, est électriquement conductrice et peut être déformée sous pression.
  3. Bougie de préchauffage selon l'une des revendications 1 et 2, caractérisée en ce que la tête (6) est un cylindre en métal électriquement conducteur qui est divisé par le collet (62) en une portion avant (61) et en une portion arrière (63).
  4. Bougie de préchauffage selon la revendication 1, caractérisée en ce que le collet (62) présente une section transversale de forme tronconique.
  5. Bougie de préchauffage selon la revendication 1, caractérisée en ce que la cartouche chauffante (22) est réalisée à recul automatique par rapport à la partie de base (26) de la gaine (21) de la broche chauffante (2), afin de former une chambre (25) qui accueille au moins partiellement la pièce de liaison (4) et partiellement la tête (6), ces deux éléments (4, 6) étant entourés par la gaine isolante (5) .
  6. Bougie de préchauffage selon la revendication 1, caractérisée en ce que la rondelle isolante (104) possède un passage (1041) qui est légèrement plus petit que la section transversale de la portion arrière (63) de la tête (6) ou l'électrode centrale (7) afin de réaliser un arrangement exempt de jeu.
  7. Bougie de préchauffage selon la revendication 1, caractérisée en ce que la gaine isolante (5) pénètre au moins partiellement dans la chambre (25) de la gaine métallique (21).
  8. Procédé de fabrication d'une bougie de préchauffage selon l'une des revendications 1 à 7, caractérisé en ce que
    - le corps tubulaire (1) est fabriqué (E1) avec un enfoncement (102) qui forme un épaulement d'appui (103) au niveau de son extrémité avant (101),
    - une rondelle isolante (104) est posée (E2) dans l'enfoncement (102) sur l'épaulement d'appui (103),
    - l'électrode centrale (7) est introduite (E3), à laquelle la tête (6) a préalablement été fixée, en l'insérant dans la rondelle isolante (104) afin d'amener son collet (62) en appui contre la rondelle (104) et en centrant ainsi l'électrode centrale (7) dans le corps tubulaire (1),
    - la gaine isolante (5) est posée (E4) au niveau de la portion avant (61) de la tête (6),
    - la pièce de liaison (4) est introduite (E5) dans la gaine isolante (5) en la laissant dépasser naturellement par son côté avant (41), son côté arrière (42) reposant contre la portion avant (61) de la tête (6),
    - la broche chauffante (2) préalablement montée sur la gaine isolante (5) est insérée (E6) de telle sorte que le côté avant (41) de la pièce intermédiaire (4) se trouve au moins pour l'essentiel en contact avec le côté arrière (24) de la cartouche chauffante (22) dans sa chambre (25), les paramètres géométriques des différents composants étant tels qu'un espace libre ou un jeu (i) demeure entre le plan de liaison (28) au niveau du côté arrière de la partie de base (26) de la broche chauffante (2) et le plan de liaison (111) du côté avant du corps tubulaire (1),
    - la broche chauffante (2) et le corps tubulaire (1) sont comprimés mutuellement dans le sens axial afin d'approcher les plans de liaison (28) et (111) opposés de la gaine métallique (21) de la cartouche chauffante (22) et du corps tubulaire (1) l'un de l'autre et de les amener au moins sensiblement en contact afin de les assembler par soudage,
    - la garniture d'étanchéité (8), la douille isolante (9) et le connecteur (3) sont montés au niveau de l'extrémité arrière (72) de l'électrode centrale (7) en établissant l'étanchéité entre le connecteur (3) et le corps tubulaire (1),
    - le montage est terminé par la pose du connecteur (3) au niveau de l'extrémité arrière (72) de l'électrode centrale (7) en établissant l'étanchéité entre le connecteur (3) et le corps tubulaire (1).
  9. Procédé selon la revendication 8, caractérisé en ce que le soudage de la partie de base (26) et du corps tubulaire (1) est réalisé par laser, notamment avec un mouvement de rotation synchronisé des deux éléments constitutifs.
  10. Procédé selon la revendication 8, caractérisé en ce que
    - le montage de la zone avant de la bougie de préchauffage (E1-E7) s'effectue avec le corps tubulaire (1) orienté verticalement (axe xx), son extrémité avant (101) étant dirigée vers le haut, et
    - le sous-ensemble ainsi monté est retourné afin que l'axe (xx) soit toujours vertical, mais que l'extrémité arrière (110) du corps tubulaire (1) et celle (72) de l'électrode centrale (7) sont orientées vers le haut afin de monter le connecteur (3), notamment par bordage (204) au niveau de l'extrémité arrière (72) de l'électrode centrale (7).
EP15759410.2A 2014-09-01 2015-08-18 Bougie de préchauffage Active EP3189273B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR1458171A FR3025153B1 (fr) 2014-09-01 2014-09-01 Bougie de prechauffage
PCT/EP2015/068906 WO2016034399A1 (fr) 2014-09-01 2015-08-18 Bougie de préchauffage

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3189273A1 EP3189273A1 (fr) 2017-07-12
EP3189273B1 true EP3189273B1 (fr) 2018-08-15

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EP15759410.2A Active EP3189273B1 (fr) 2014-09-01 2015-08-18 Bougie de préchauffage

Country Status (5)

Country Link
EP (1) EP3189273B1 (fr)
JP (1) JP6283768B2 (fr)
CN (1) CN106605100B (fr)
FR (1) FR3025153B1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2016034399A1 (fr)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN109578188B (zh) * 2018-11-02 2021-04-02 湖北康利安动力科技有限公司 一种用于柴油机防爆系统的预热塞

Family Cites Families (11)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CZ300980B6 (cs) * 1999-08-27 2009-09-30 Robert Bosch Gmbh Svícka se žhavicím kolíkem
WO2001016529A1 (fr) * 1999-08-27 2001-03-08 Robert Bosch Gmbh Bougie crayon de prechauffage en ceramique
DE10020328A1 (de) * 1999-08-27 2001-03-01 Bosch Gmbh Robert Keramische Glühstiftkerze
DE10030924A1 (de) * 2000-06-24 2002-01-03 Bosch Gmbh Robert Glühstiftkerze
DE10339641A1 (de) * 2003-08-28 2005-03-24 Robert Bosch Gmbh Glühstiftkerze mit besonders eingebettetem Kontaktelement
JP2005180855A (ja) * 2003-12-22 2005-07-07 Bosch Automotive Systems Corp セラミックスヒータ型グロープラグ
JP4623645B2 (ja) * 2004-06-29 2011-02-02 日本特殊陶業株式会社 グロープラグ
DE102005029839A1 (de) * 2005-06-27 2007-01-04 Robert Bosch Gmbh Glühstiftkerze
DE102009045273A1 (de) * 2009-10-02 2011-04-07 Robert Bosch Gmbh Verfahren zum Herstellen einer Glühkerze
DE102010062438A1 (de) * 2010-12-06 2012-06-06 Robert Bosch Gmbh Glühkerze und Verfahren zu deren Herstellung
JP5720452B2 (ja) * 2011-07-12 2015-05-20 株式会社デンソー 発熱体通電制御装置

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Title
None *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR3025153A1 (fr) 2016-03-04
WO2016034399A1 (fr) 2016-03-10
CN106605100B (zh) 2019-08-30
JP6283768B2 (ja) 2018-02-21
EP3189273A1 (fr) 2017-07-12
FR3025153B1 (fr) 2016-12-09
CN106605100A (zh) 2017-04-26
JP2017525928A (ja) 2017-09-07

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