EP3189273B1 - Glow plug - Google Patents

Glow plug Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3189273B1
EP3189273B1 EP15759410.2A EP15759410A EP3189273B1 EP 3189273 B1 EP3189273 B1 EP 3189273B1 EP 15759410 A EP15759410 A EP 15759410A EP 3189273 B1 EP3189273 B1 EP 3189273B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
tubular body
head
glow plug
connector
connecting piece
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP15759410.2A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP3189273A1 (en
Inventor
Eberhard Janzen
Gebro GABRIYEL
Albrecht Geissinger
Jean-Marc Couffignal
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Robert Bosch GmbH
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Robert Bosch GmbH
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Publication of EP3189273A1 publication Critical patent/EP3189273A1/en
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Publication of EP3189273B1 publication Critical patent/EP3189273B1/en
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23Q—IGNITION; EXTINGUISHING-DEVICES
    • F23Q7/00—Incandescent ignition; Igniters using electrically-produced heat, e.g. lighters for cigarettes; Electrically-heated glowing plugs
    • F23Q7/001—Glowing plugs for internal-combustion engines
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23Q—IGNITION; EXTINGUISHING-DEVICES
    • F23Q7/00—Incandescent ignition; Igniters using electrically-produced heat, e.g. lighters for cigarettes; Electrically-heated glowing plugs
    • F23Q7/001—Glowing plugs for internal-combustion engines
    • F23Q2007/004—Manufacturing or assembling methods

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a glow plug with a heating pin, which is formed of a metal shell, which accommodates a heating cartridge made of ceramic and welded to the front portion of a tubular body whose rear portion carries a connector for the electrical supply, wherein the electrical connection with the mass via the metal shell and the tubular body takes place, wherein the supply takes place from the connector via a center electrode which is accommodated isolated in the tubular body.
  • glow plugs which produces the connection between the supply of the ceramic immersion heater with the center electrode by screwing a threaded rod in a metal spring, which is formed from the emerging from the heating ceramic connecting wire.
  • This arrangement is held in position by means of an insulating powder contained in the metal shell which is inserted into the tubular body of the candle. The electrical contact and the hold in position result from the compression of the insulating powder around the screwed parts around.
  • the present invention aims to simplify the construction and manufacture of a glow plug by omitting the compacted insulating powder inside the glow plug in order to reduce the cost of materials and the manufacturing cost of the glow plug, by the manufacturing steps and the number of parts, the participate in the execution of the glow plug, be reduced.
  • front and left sides of the figures corresponding to the side of the heating cartridge of the glow plug and the rear side or right side of the side of the connecting piece of the glow plug corresponds.
  • the glow plug of the present invention has a particularly simple structure in which the use of an insulating powder around the connecting elements between the heating cartridge and the center electrode is avoided, whereby the production is simplified and a reliable, efficient and economical glow plug is obtained.
  • the connecting piece consists of graphite.
  • the head is an electrically conductive metal cylinder which is divided by the collar into a front portion and a rear portion.
  • the collar is frustoconical in cross-section.
  • this frusto-conical cross-section of the collar it is possible to distribute the forces well on a significant support surface, which consists of the support shoulder of the reduction of the cylinder body, so that all pressure forces that ensure the electrical conduction between the heating cartridge and the center electrode, limited to the area which lies between the rear of the heating cartridge and the head, without these forces acting on the center electrode and can deform in the tubular body and cause a short circuit to the mass to which the tubular body is connected.
  • the immersion heater is recessed relative to the base part of the shell of the heating pin to form a chamber which at least partially accommodates the connector and partly the head, these two elements being surrounded by the insulating sleeve.
  • This chamber which is formed in the metal shell in its thicker part consisting of the base part, makes it possible to form the cavity or at least the main part of the space in which the connecting elements are received, which is compressed between the rear side of the heating cartridge and the center electrode are, ie the extension of the center electrode, which consists of the head, which in turn is supported on the support shoulder of the reduction. This makes it possible to reduce the depth of the reduction while not weakening the mechanical strength of the tubular body without requiring an increase in the material thickness of the tubular body.
  • the insulating washer has a passage which is appreciably smaller than the cross section of the rear portion of the head or of the center electrode.
  • the dimension of the through hole of the insulating washer makes it possible to ensure the accurate centering of the central electrode or its extension due to a slight stress on the elastic deformation of the rear portion of the head, which lies behind the collar and is received under normal conditions in the insulating ,
  • the insulating sleeve engages at least partially in the chamber of the metal shell, whereby a proper centering of the electrical connection elements between the rear of the heating cartridge and the front end of the center electrode, which consists of their attached head, is ensured.
  • the welding of the base part and the tube-shaped body takes place with laser, in particular by a rotary movement about the axis of the candle around.
  • This laser welding process enables a particularly effective, dense and fast welding.
  • the assembly of the front side of the glow plug with the vertically oriented tubular body, with its front end facing upwards, and the subunit thus mounted is reversed so that the axis is vertical, but the rear end of the tubular body and that of the center electrode are turned up to mount the gasket, the insulating sleeve and the connector, in particular by being conveyed to the rear end of the center electrode.
  • the mounted subassembly corresponding to the front portion of the glow plug is reversed to then mount the rear portion of the glow plug, and in particular the components unite and assemble the connector, with a certain compressive force on the tubular body by crimping to the rear end, preferably knurled or roughened or provided with a thread of the rear end of the center electrode, which absorbs the forces.
  • the glow plug according to the invention as a whole is particularly simple, effective and economical both because of their structure and because of their manufacturing process.
  • the subject of the invention is a glow plug consisting of a tubular body 1 carrying a heating pin 2 at the front side AV and a connector 3 at the rear end 110 (AR), whereby it is possible to connect the glow plug to the special connecting elements (not shown) ) of each vehicle manufacturer.
  • the heating pin 2 is applied via its electrical connection with the metal shell 21 to the ground, wherein the tubular body 1 in turn is in contact with the mass of the electrical system of the vehicle; the supply via the connector 3, which is connected via a control device, not shown, with the electrical system, which controls the supply of the heating pin 2 via the center electrode 7 through the body 1 therethrough.
  • FIG. 2A . 2 B and 3 explains; the assembly process is based on FIG. 4 and their parts 4A, 4B described.
  • the front of the glow plug is composed of the heating pin 2, which is mounted with the tubular body 1 in the axis xx of the glow plug.
  • the heating pin 2 is composed of a cylindrical metal shell 21 which accommodates a ceramic heating cartridge 22 comprising a circuit 23 having a heating resistor 231, a ground contact 232 at its periphery and an input contact 233 in its bottom wall 24 or rear.
  • the rear face 24 of the heating cartridge 22 is recessed with respect to the rear end of the metal shell 21 and the base part 26 by forming a chamber 25.
  • connection of the contact 232 and the metal shell 21 by soldering, pressing, shrinking or by pressing and shrinking in combination.
  • This connection bears the reference numeral 201. It preferably relates to the entire peripheral surface of the heating cartridge 22 and the entire inner surface of the cylindrical portion of the metal shell 21st
  • the metal shell 21 with a cylindrical shape terminates on the rear side with a base part 26, which forms a sealing cone 27, which serves to support the glow plug on the cylinder head of the internal combustion engine, wherein the front end, which is formed from the heating pin 2, in the combustion chamber of Cylinder of the engine protrudes.
  • the circuit 23 is in contact with the metal shell 21 through the ground via its contact 232; its input contact 233 is connected to the connector 3 through the tubular body 1 due to the conductive assembly consisting of a connector 4 partially received in an insulating sleeve 5 which also receives the front portion 61 of the head 6, which is attached to the center electrode 7 through the tubular body 1 therethrough.
  • the insulating sleeve 5 defines and insulates the conductive path in the base portion 26 of the metal shell 21: it covers the front portion 61 of the head 6 and receives the cylindrical connector 4 made of an electrically conductive cylindrical member made of graphite in electrical contact with the rear side 24 of the heating cartridge 22 passes.
  • the length L of the sleeve 5 is less than the sum of the length l1 of the connector 4 and the length l2 of the front portion 61 of the head 6, so that the connector 4 of the sleeve 5 and front end 61 formed assembly from the front of the insulating sleeve 5 protrudes when this assembly is compressed during mounting and during operation of the glow plug.
  • the connector 4 is compressed at room temperature by staying with its front side 41 with the rear side 24 and with its rear side 42 with the front portion of the head 6 in contact to ensure the electrical conduction in hot conditions, despite the dimensional variations caused by different expansions of the sheath 21, the tubular body 1 and the center electrode 7 are generated under the effect of the temperature fluctuations of the glow plug and its surroundings in a cold engine or a hot engine.
  • the front end 101 of the tubular body 1 includes a counterbore 102, which forms a shoulder 103 and receives an insulating washer 104, which keeps the center electrode 7 isolated from the electrically conductive tubular body 1 and in support Head 6 receives over its collar 62, wherein the rear portion 63 engages generally in the insulating disk 104 to be centered therein and kept electrically isolated from the tubular body 1.
  • the opening 1041 of the insulating washer 104 is matched in their dimensions to that of the rear portion 63 of the head or the center electrode 7, that is slightly braced to keep the center electrode 7 directly or indirectly well in centered position, which clearly from the inner contour of the tubular Body 1 is spaced to avoid any short circuit.
  • the base part 26 is welded to the front portion 101 of the tubular body 1 via a weld 203, whereby a cavity is formed with the chamber 25 and the counterbore 102, in which the subassembly composed of connector 4 and head 6 is housed, the front portion thereof 61 engages in the insulating sleeve 5, which partially receives the connector 4.
  • This subunit is compressed by the connecting piece 4, the front end 61 and the collar 62 of the head 6 between the rear side 24 and in particular the supply contact 233 of the ceramic heater 22 and the support shoulder 103 by means of the insulating 104 in the recess 102.
  • the pressing forces are exerted only on the head 6 to be transmitted to the support shoulder 103, whereas the center electrode 7 is not exposed to these forces and is not in danger of bending and touching the tubular body 1.
  • the input contact 233 of the ceramic cartridge 22 and the front end 61 of the head 6 have a surface treatment or coating.
  • the attached material (s) reduce electrical resistance, increase resistance to wear, and inhibit any oxidation that would increase power consumption.
  • the glow plug includes the connector 3, which is connected to the center electrode 7 for the electrical supply of the glow plug.
  • the tubular body 1 which is externally provided with a thread 105 and with a tool holder 106 for screwing it into the cylinder head of the internal combustion engine, includes a rear counterbore 107, which has an insulating bushing 9 for centering and electrically isolating the rear end 72 the center electrode 7 with the interposition of a seal 8 receives, which closes the annular space between the electrode 7 and the interior of the tubular body 1 and ensures the tightness of the entire front portion of the candle.
  • the connector 3 fixed to the rear end 72 of the center electrode 7 is externally provided with a collar 31 and at the front with a sleeve 32 to receive the knurled rear end 72 of the center electrode 7 and the fuse in the assembled state by a Flanging 204 ( FIG. 1 ).
  • the rear end 33 of the connector 3 receives the connector, which is unique to each vehicle manufacturer; Generally, this connector differs from one vehicle manufacturer to the next, however, all of these particular connectors (not shown) are adaptable to the end 33.
  • the assembly of the glow plug takes place in the same way as in FIG. 4 is shown in its parts 4A, 4B.
  • the heating pin 2 is mounted in the metal shell 21 either by soldering or by inserting the heating cartridge 22.
  • the insertion takes place offline or inline in an automatic manner by pressing in, shrinking or by a combined process of pressing in and shrinking.
  • soldering In the case of soldering, this assembly is done off-line by soldering the sets of parts, which is done in an oven and at high temperatures that can not be targeted in the production line.
  • the mounting of the front portion of the glow plug is carried out from the machined tubular body 1 (E1) by inserting the insulating washer 104 (E2), then inserting (E3) the center electrode 7 to which the head 6 has previously been welded the depression 102 above the insulating disk 104 and therethrough.
  • the head 6 and the center electrode 7 may preferably be joined by a laser welding with a rotary motion. Due to the very long length diversity of the center electrode 7, because of the length of the candles to be produced at the request of the manufacturer, this weld preferably takes place off-line.
  • the insulating washer 104 preferably has a cross section which corresponds to the cross section of the counterbore 102 for accurate positioning of the washer and then for accurate positioning of the center electrode 7 in a relatively accurate manner.
  • the insulating sleeve 5 is arranged around the front end 61 of the head 6 (step E4), and then the intermediate piece 4 is inserted into the insulating sleeve 5 (E5).
  • the insulating sleeve 5 has an inner diameter which is adapted to that of the front portion 61 of the head 6 to ensure accurate centering.
  • the outer diameter of the connecting piece 4 made of graphite corresponds exactly to the inner diameter of the insulating sleeve 5, to ensure positioning with minimal play.
  • the projection of the front side 41 of the graphite connector 4 with respect to the front end of the insulating sleeve, which is preferably made of ceramic, represents an excess length, which for pressing the graphite connector 4 to the rear side 24 of the ceramic heating cartridge 22 and in particular to the supply contact 233 is necessary and indispensable.
  • the compressive force exerted on the base member 26 in the direction of the tubular body 1 by supporting the collar 62 of the head 6 against the washer 104 is a compressive force which is permanently maintained after assembly by welding the base member 26 to the front end 101 of the tubular body 1.
  • the connecting piece 4 made of graphite is thus definitely compressed.
  • the degree of compression varies depending on the forces caused by expansions / depressions of the assembled parts, which are exposed to the temperature fluctuations in operation, to which the glow plug is subject.
  • the compressive forces exerted on the connecting piece 4 and the head 6 are effected on the one hand on the rear side 24 of the heating cartridge 22 and on the other hand on the supporting shoulder 103 of the tubular body 1.
  • This definitive compression makes it possible to absorb the expansions and contractions caused by the temperature variations of the candle to ensure a permanent electrical connection regardless of the temperature variations of these parts.
  • step (E6) the arrangement made with the heating pin 2 is covered.
  • step (E7) which arises after welding to the weld 203, is stable. It is rotated 180 ° so that the back is facing upwards ( FIG. 4B ) and to get to the position of step (E8). In this step, the gasket 8 and then the insulating bushing 9 are inserted (step E9).
  • the connector 3 is mounted on the rear end 72 of the center electrode 7, the connector 3 is compressed in the direction of the tubular body 1 by the force F (FIG. FIG. 2B ) and the crimp 204 (step E10) of the connector 3 is made by compressing the sleeve 32 at the knurled end 72 (FIG. FIG. 1 ).

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Resistance Heating (AREA)

Description

Gebiet der ErfindungField of the invention

Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft eine Glühkerze mit einem Heizstift, der aus einer Metallhülle gebildet ist, welche eine Heizpatrone aus Keramik aufnimmt und mit dem vorderen Bereich eines rohrförmigen Körpers verschweißt ist, dessen hinterer Bereich einen Verbinder für die elektrische Versorgung trägt, wobei die elektrische Verbindung mit der Masse über die Metallhülle und dem rohrförmigen Körper erfolgt, wobei die Versorgung ausgehend vom Verbinder über eine Mittelelektrode erfolgt, die im rohrförmigen Körper isoliert aufgenommen ist.The present invention relates to a glow plug with a heating pin, which is formed of a metal shell, which accommodates a heating cartridge made of ceramic and welded to the front portion of a tubular body whose rear portion carries a connector for the electrical supply, wherein the electrical connection with the mass via the metal shell and the tubular body takes place, wherein the supply takes place from the connector via a center electrode which is accommodated isolated in the tubular body.

Stand der TechnikState of the art

Es sind bereits zahlreiche Ausführungsformen solcher Glühkerzen und insbesondere eine Glühkerze bekannt, welche die Verbindung zwischen der Versorgung der keramischen Heizpatrone mit der Mittelelektrode durch Einschrauben einer Gewindestange in eine Metallfeder herstellt, die aus dem aus der Heizkeramik austretenden Verbindungsdraht gebildet ist. Diese Anordnung wird über ein Isolierpulver in Stellung gehalten, das in der Metallhülle enthalten ist, die in den rohrförmigen Körper der Kerze eingeschoben ist. Der elektrische Kontakt und der Halt in Stellung ergeben sich aus dem Verdichten des Isolierpulvers um die verschraubten Teile herum.There are already numerous embodiments of such glow plugs and in particular a glow plug is known which produces the connection between the supply of the ceramic immersion heater with the center electrode by screwing a threaded rod in a metal spring, which is formed from the emerging from the heating ceramic connecting wire. This arrangement is held in position by means of an insulating powder contained in the metal shell which is inserted into the tubular body of the candle. The electrical contact and the hold in position result from the compression of the insulating powder around the screwed parts around.

Dokumente WO 02/01112 A1 und DE 102005029839 A1 stellen darüber hinaus einen für die Erfindung relevanten Stand der Technik dar.Documents WO 02/01112 A1 and DE 102005029839 A1 moreover constitute a relevant prior art for the invention.

Ziel der ErfindungObject of the invention

Die vorliegende Erfindung zielt darauf ab, den Aufbau und die Herstellung einer Glühkerze zu vereinfachen, indem das verdichtete Isolierpulver im Inneren der Glühkerze weggelassen wird, um den Materialaufwand und den Herstellungsaufwand für die Glühkerze zu vermindern, indem die Herstellungsschritte und die Anzahl an Teilen, die bei der Ausführung der Glühkerze mitwirken, vermindert werden.The present invention aims to simplify the construction and manufacture of a glow plug by omitting the compacted insulating powder inside the glow plug in order to reduce the cost of materials and the manufacturing cost of the glow plug, by the manufacturing steps and the number of parts, the participate in the execution of the glow plug, be reduced.

Darlegung und Vorteile der ErfindungPresentation and advantages of the invention

Um die Beschreibung zu vereinfachen wird standardmäßig der Begriff der Ausrichtung "vorn" / "hinten" in den verschiedenen Figuren verwendet, wobei die Vorderseite bzw. linke Seite der Figuren der Seite der Heizpatrone der Glühkerze entspricht und die Hinterseite bzw. rechte Seite der Seite des Anschlussstutzens der Glühkerze entspricht.To simplify the description, the term "front" / "rear" orientation is used by default in the various figures, with the front and left sides of the figures corresponding to the side of the heating cartridge of the glow plug and the rear side or right side of the side of the connecting piece of the glow plug corresponds.

Dazu liegt die Aufgabe der Erfindung in einer Glühkerze vom vorangehend definierten Typ, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die elektrische Verbindung zwischen der hinteren Bodenwand der Heizpatrone, die mit einem Eingangskontakt versehen ist, und dem vorderen Ende der Mittelelektrode enthält:

  • ein elektrisch leitendes Verbindungsstück,
  • einen elektrisch leitenden zylindrischen Kopf, der an die Vorderseite der Mittelelektrode befestigt ist und einen Abstützbund zum Abstützen an der Hinterseite aufweist,
  • eine elektrisch isolierende Hülse, welche den vorderen Abschnitt des Kopfes über den Bund hinaus und teilweise das Verbindungsstück umgibt,
  • wobei der rohrförmige Körper eine Senkung an seinem vorderen Ende aufweist, die eine Abstützschulter bildet, welche eine isolierende Zentrier- und Isolierscheibe aufnimmt, wobei der Bund im Querschnitt kleiner als die Senkung ist, um an der Schulter aufzuliegen,
  • wobei die aus dem Verbindungsstück und dem Kopf zusammengesetzte Untereinheit zwischen dem Versorgungskontakt der Bodenwand der Heizpatrone und der Abstützschulter des rohrförmigen Körpers axial zusammengedrückt wird, wobei das Verbindungsstück mit seiner Vorderseite am Eingangskontakt und mit seiner Hinterseite am vorderen Ende des Kopfes anliegt, dessen Bund mittels der Isolierscheibe an der Abstützung anliegt.
To this end, the object of the invention lies in a glow plug of the type defined above, characterized in that the electrical connection between the rear bottom wall of the heating cartridge, which is provided with an input contact, and the front end of the center electrode contains:
  • an electrically conductive connector,
  • an electrically conductive cylindrical head fixed to the front of the center electrode and having a support collar for supporting at the rear side,
  • an electrically insulating sleeve surrounding the front portion of the head beyond the collar and partially surrounding the connector,
  • the tubular body having a counterbore at its front end forming a support shoulder which receives an insulating centering and insulating washer, the collar being smaller in cross-section than the counterbore to rest on the shoulder,
  • wherein the subassembly composed of the connecting piece and the head is axially compressed between the supply contact of the bottom wall of the heating cartridge and the supporting shoulder of the tubular body, the connecting piece bears with its front on the input contact and with its rear side at the front end of the head, whose collar Insulating washer abuts against the support.

Die erfindungsgemäße Glühkerze hat einen besonders einfachen Aufbau, bei dem die Verwendung eines Isolierpulvers um die Verbindungselemente herum zwischen der Heizpatrone und der Mittelelektrode vermieden wird, wodurch die Herstellung vereinfacht wird und eine zuverlässige, wirkungsvolle und wirtschaftliche Glühkerze erhalten wird.The glow plug of the present invention has a particularly simple structure in which the use of an insulating powder around the connecting elements between the heating cartridge and the center electrode is avoided, whereby the production is simplified and a reliable, efficient and economical glow plug is obtained.

Gemäß einem vorteilhaften Merkmal besteht das Verbindungsstück aus Graphit.According to an advantageous feature, the connecting piece consists of graphite.

Mit dem Verbindungsstück aus Graphit kann eine einwandfreie elektrische Leitfähigkeit zwischen der Mittelelektrode bzw. dem vorderen Ende der Mittelelektrode und der Hinterseite der Heizpatrone im Bereich des Eingangskontakts bzw. Versorgungskontakts des Stromkreises des Heizwiderstands sichergestellt werden.With the graphite connector, proper electrical conductivity between the center electrode and the front end of the center electrode and the rear side of the heating cartridge in the region of the input contact or supply contact of the circuit of the heating resistor can be ensured.

Gemäß einem weiteren vorteilhaften Merkmal ist der Kopf ein elektrisch leitender Metallzylinder, der von dem Bund in einen vorderen Abschnitt und in einen hinteren Abschnitt aufgeteilt wird.According to a further advantageous feature, the head is an electrically conductive metal cylinder which is divided by the collar into a front portion and a rear portion.

Nach einem weiteren vorteilhaften Merkmal ist der Bund im Querschnitt kegelstumpfförmig. Mit diesem kegelstumpfförmigen Querschnitt des Bundes ist es möglich, die Kräfte auf eine bedeutende Abstützfläche gut zu verteilen, die aus der Abstützschulter der Senkung des Zylinderkörpers besteht, damit sämtliche Druckkräfte, welche die elektrische Leitung zwischen der Heizpatrone und der Mittelelektrode gewährleisten, auf den Bereich beschränkt werden, der zwischen der Hinterseite der Heizpatrone und dem Kopf liegt, ohne dass diese Kräfte sich auf die Mittelelektrode auswirken und sie in dem rohrförmigen Körper verformen können und einen Kurzschluss mit der Masse hervorrufen können, mit welcher der rohrförmige Körper verbunden ist.According to a further advantageous feature, the collar is frustoconical in cross-section. With this frusto-conical cross-section of the collar, it is possible to distribute the forces well on a significant support surface, which consists of the support shoulder of the reduction of the cylinder body, so that all pressure forces that ensure the electrical conduction between the heating cartridge and the center electrode, limited to the area which lies between the rear of the heating cartridge and the head, without these forces acting on the center electrode and can deform in the tubular body and cause a short circuit to the mass to which the tubular body is connected.

Gemäß einem weiteren vorteilhaften Merkmal ist die Heizpatrone bezüglich des Basisteils der Hülle des Heizstifts rückspringend ausgeführt, um eine Kammer zu bilden, welche zumindest teilweise das Verbindungsstück und teilweise den Kopf aufnimmt, wobei diese beiden Elemente von der Isolierhülse umgeben werden.According to a further advantageous feature, the immersion heater is recessed relative to the base part of the shell of the heating pin to form a chamber which at least partially accommodates the connector and partly the head, these two elements being surrounded by the insulating sleeve.

Diese Kammer, die in der Metallhülle in ihrem aus dem Basisteil bestehenden dickeren Teil ausgebildet ist, ermöglicht es, den Hohlraum bzw. zumindest den Hauptteil des Raums zu bilden, in welchem die Anschlusselemente aufgenommen werden, die zwischen der Hinterseite der Heizpatrone und der Mittelelektrode zusammengedrückt sind, d. h. die Verlängerung der Mittelelektrode, die aus dem Kopf besteht, der sich seinerseits an der Abstützschulter der Senkung abstützt. Dadurch ist es möglich, die Tiefe der Senkung zu vermindern und dabei nicht die mechanische Festigkeit des rohrförmigen Körpers zu schwächen, ohne eine Erhöhung der Materialdicke des rohrförmigen Körpers zu erfordern.This chamber, which is formed in the metal shell in its thicker part consisting of the base part, makes it possible to form the cavity or at least the main part of the space in which the connecting elements are received, which is compressed between the rear side of the heating cartridge and the center electrode are, ie the extension of the center electrode, which consists of the head, which in turn is supported on the support shoulder of the reduction. This makes it possible to reduce the depth of the reduction while not weakening the mechanical strength of the tubular body without requiring an increase in the material thickness of the tubular body.

Nach einem weiteren vorteilhaften Merkmal hat die Isolierscheibe einen Durchgang, der merklich kleiner ist als der Querschnitt des hinteren Abschnitts des Kopfes bzw. der Mittelelektrode.According to a further advantageous feature, the insulating washer has a passage which is appreciably smaller than the cross section of the rear portion of the head or of the center electrode.

Die Abmessung der Durchgangsbohrung der Isolierscheibe gestattet es, die genaue Zentrierung der Mittelelektrode bzw. ihrer Verlängerung aufgrund einer geringfügigen Spannung sicherzustellen, die auf die elastische Verformung des hinteren Abschnitts des Kopfs erfolgt, der hinter dem Bund liegt und unter normalen Bedingungen in der Isolierscheibe aufgenommen wird.The dimension of the through hole of the insulating washer makes it possible to ensure the accurate centering of the central electrode or its extension due to a slight stress on the elastic deformation of the rear portion of the head, which lies behind the collar and is received under normal conditions in the insulating ,

Gemäß einem weiteren vorteilhaften Merkmal greift die Isolierhülse zumindest teilweise in die Kammer der Metallhülle ein, wodurch eine einwandfreie Zentrierung der elektrischen Verbindungselemente zwischen der Hinterseite der Heizpatrone und dem vorderen Ende der Mittelelektrode, das aus deren angesetztem Kopf besteht, sichergestellt wird.According to a further advantageous feature, the insulating sleeve engages at least partially in the chamber of the metal shell, whereby a proper centering of the electrical connection elements between the rear of the heating cartridge and the front end of the center electrode, which consists of their attached head, is ensured.

Aufgabe der Erfindung ist auch ein Verfahren zum Herstellen einer Glühkerze, wie sie vorangehend definiert ist. Dieses Herstellungsverfahren ist dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass

  • der rohrförmige Köper mit einer Senkung ausgebildet wird, die eine Abstützschulter an seinem vorderen Ende bildet,
  • eine Isolierscheibe in die Senkung an die Abstützschulter gelegt wird,
  • die Mittelelektrode eingesetzt wird, an welche zuvor der Kopf befestigt wurde, indem er in die Isolierscheibe eingeschoben wird, um dessen Bund in Anlage an die Scheibe zu bringen, und indem so die Mittelelektrode in dem rohrförmigen Körper zentriert wird,
  • die Isolierhülse an den vorderen Abschnitt des Kopfes gesetzt wird,
  • das Verbindungsstück in die Isolierhülse eingeführt wird, indem man es mit seiner Vorderseite auf natürliche Weise vorstehen lässt, wobei seine Hinterseite an den vorderen Abschnitt des Kopfes anliegt,
  • der zuvor an die Isolierhülse montierte Heizstift so eingesetzt wird, dass die Vorderseite des Zwischenstücks zumindest im Wesentlichen in Kontakt mit der Hinterseite der Heizpatrone in ihrer Kammer steht, wobei die geometrischen Parameter der verschiedenen Bauteile derart sind, dass ein Freiraum zwischen der Hinterseite des Basisteils des Heizstifts und der Vorderseite des rohrförmigen Körpers verbleibt,
  • der Heizstift und der rohrförmige Körper axial zusammengedrückt werden, um die gegenüberliegenden Seiten der Metallhülle der Heizpatrone und den rohrförmigen Körper einander anzunähern und zumindest im Wesentlichen in Kontakt zu bringen, um sie durch Verschweißen zusammenzufügen,
  • die Montage durch Einsetzen der Dichtung der Isolierbuchse und schließlich des Verbinders an das hintere Ende der Mittelelektrode fertiggestellt wird, indem die Dichtheit und die elektrische Isolierung zwischen dem Verbinder und dem rohrförmigen Körper hergestellt werden.
The object of the invention is also a method for producing a glow plug, as defined above. This manufacturing method is characterized in that
  • the tubular body is formed with a countersink which forms a support shoulder at its front end,
  • an insulating washer is placed in the countersink on the support shoulder,
  • inserting the center electrode to which the head has previously been attached by inserting it into the washer to bring its collar into abutment with the washer, and thereby centering the center electrode in the tubular body,
  • the insulating sleeve is placed on the front section of the head,
  • the connector is inserted into the insulating sleeve by allowing it to protrude naturally with its front face, with its rear end against the front portion of the head,
  • the heating pin previously mounted on the insulating sleeve is inserted so that the front of the intermediate piece is at least substantially in contact with the rear side of the heating cartridge in its chamber, wherein the geometric parameters of the various Components are such that a clearance remains between the rear side of the base part of the heating pin and the front side of the tubular body,
  • the heating pin and the tubular body are axially compressed so as to approximate and at least substantially contact the opposite sides of the metal shell of the heating cartridge and the tubular body to join them together by welding,
  • the assembly is completed by inserting the gasket of the insulating bushing and finally the connector to the rear end of the center electrode, by making tightness and electrical insulation between the connector and the tubular body.

Gemäß einem weiteren vorteilhaften Merkmal erfolgt das Verschweißen des Basisteils und des rohrörmgen Körpers mit Laser, insbesondere durch eine Drehbewegung um die Achse der Kerze herum. Dieser Laserschweißverfahren ermöglicht ein besonders wirkungsvolles, dichtes und schnelles Verschweißen.According to a further advantageous feature, the welding of the base part and the tube-shaped body takes place with laser, in particular by a rotary movement about the axis of the candle around. This laser welding process enables a particularly effective, dense and fast welding.

Nach einem weiteren vorteilhaften Merkmal erfolgt die Montage der Vorderseite der Glühkerze mit dem vertikal ausgerichteten rohrförmigen Körper, wobei dessen vorderes Ende nach oben gewandt ist, und die so montierte Untereinheit wird so umgedreht, dass die Achse vertikal verläuft, jedoch das hintere Ende des rohrförmigen Körpers und das der Mittelelektrode nach oben gewandt sind, um die Dichtung, die Isolierhülse und den Verbinder insbesondere durch Börderlung am hinteren Ende der Mittelelektrode zu montierten.According to a further advantageous feature, the assembly of the front side of the glow plug with the vertically oriented tubular body, with its front end facing upwards, and the subunit thus mounted is reversed so that the axis is vertical, but the rear end of the tubular body and that of the center electrode are turned up to mount the gasket, the insulating sleeve and the connector, in particular by being conveyed to the rear end of the center electrode.

Wie bei der Montage des vorderen Abschnitts der Glühkerze in vertikaler Ausrichtung ist es besonders interessant, dass beim Montieren des hinteren Abschnitts der Glühkerze die dem vorderen Abschnitt der Glühkerze entsprechende montierte Untereinheit umgedreht wird, um dann den hinteren Abschnitt der Glühkerze zu montieren und insbesondere die Bauteile zu vereinen und den Verbinder zu montieren, und zwar mit einer bestimmten Druckkraft auf den rohrförmigen Körper durch Bördelung an das hintere Ende, das vorzugsweise gerändelt oder aufgeraut oder mit einem Gewinde des hinteren Endes der Mittelelektrode versehen ist, das so die Kräfte aufnimmt.As with the mounting of the front portion of the glow plug in a vertical orientation, it is particularly interesting that, when mounting the rear portion of the glow plug, the mounted subassembly corresponding to the front portion of the glow plug is reversed to then mount the rear portion of the glow plug, and in particular the components unite and assemble the connector, with a certain compressive force on the tubular body by crimping to the rear end, preferably knurled or roughened or provided with a thread of the rear end of the center electrode, which absorbs the forces.

Somit ist die erfindungsgemäße Glühkerze sowohl aufgrund ihres Aufbaus als auch aufgrund ihres Herstellungsverfahrens insgesamt besonders einfach, wirkungsvoll und wirtschaftlich.Thus, the glow plug according to the invention as a whole is particularly simple, effective and economical both because of their structure and because of their manufacturing process.

Zeichnungendrawings

Die vorliegende Erfindung wird nachfolgend näher anhand einer Ausführungsform einer Glühkerze beschrieben, die in den beigefügten Zeichnungen dargestellt ist, worin zeigt:

  • Figur 1 eine Gesamtansicht einer erfindungsgemäßen Glühkerze,
  • Figur 2 in den beiden Teilen 2A und 2B den besonderen Aufbau des vorderen Endes und des hinteren Endes der Glühkerze,
  • Figur 2A eine Schnittansicht teilweise in Explosionsansicht des vorderen Endes der in ihrer Achse xx aufgeschnittenen Glühkerze,
  • Figur 2B eine Ansicht teilweise in Explosionsansicht und im Schnitt des hinteren Endes der in ihrer Achse xx aufgeschnittenen Glühkerze,
  • Figur 3 eine axiale Schnittansicht des vorderen Endes der Glühkerze gemäß Figur 2A,
  • Figur 3A eine axiale Schnittansicht des vorderen Endes der Glühkerze der druckfreien Zusammenfügungen vor dem Verschweißen,
  • Figur 4 in den Teilen 4A und 4B die verschiedenen Schritte des Zusammenfügens einer Glühkerze nach Figur 1.
The present invention will be described in more detail below with reference to an embodiment of a glow plug shown in the accompanying drawings, in which:
  • FIG. 1 an overall view of a glow plug according to the invention,
  • FIG. 2 in the two parts 2A and 2B, the specific structure of the front end and the rear end of the glow plug,
  • FIG. 2A 1 is a partially exploded sectional view of the front end of the glow plug cut in its axis xx;
  • FIG. 2B 3 is a partially exploded and sectional view of the rear end of the glow plug cut in its axis xx;
  • FIG. 3 an axial sectional view of the front end of the glow plug according to FIG. 2A .
  • FIG. 3A an axial sectional view of the front end of the glow plug of the pressure-free joints before welding,
  • FIG. 4 in the parts 4A and 4B, the various steps of assembling a glow plug after FIG. 1 ,

Beschreibung einer Ausführungsform der ErfindungDescription of an embodiment of the invention

Nach Figur 1 ist Gegenstand der Erfindung eine Glühkerze, die aus einem rohrförmigen Körper 1 besteht, der an der Vorderseite AV einen Heizstift 2 und am hinteren Ende 110 (AR) einen Verbinder 3 trägt, wodurch es möglich ist, die Glühkerze mit den besonderen Verbindungselementen (nicht dargestellt) eines jeden Fahrzeugherstellers zu verbinden.To FIG. 1 the subject of the invention is a glow plug consisting of a tubular body 1 carrying a heating pin 2 at the front side AV and a connector 3 at the rear end 110 (AR), whereby it is possible to connect the glow plug to the special connecting elements (not shown) ) of each vehicle manufacturer.

Der Heizstift 2 ist über seine elektrische Verbindung mit der Metallhülle 21 an die Masse angelegt, wobei der rohrförmige Körper 1 seinerseits in Kontakt mit der Masse des Bordnetzes des Fahrzeugs ist; die Versorgung erfolgt über den Verbinder 3, der über eine nicht dargestellte Steuervorrichtung mit dem Bordnetz verbunden ist, welche die Versorgung des Heizstifts 2 über die Mittelelektrode 7 durch den Körper 1 hindurch steuert.The heating pin 2 is applied via its electrical connection with the metal shell 21 to the ground, wherein the tubular body 1 in turn is in contact with the mass of the electrical system of the vehicle; the supply via the connector 3, which is connected via a control device, not shown, with the electrical system, which controls the supply of the heating pin 2 via the center electrode 7 through the body 1 therethrough.

Der nähere Aufbau der Glühkerze gemäß der Erfindung wird anhand der näheren Zeichnungen auf Figur 2A, 2B und 3 erläutert; das Montageverfahren wird anhand von Figur 4 und deren Teile 4A, 4B beschrieben.The detailed structure of the glow plug according to the invention will become apparent from the closer drawings FIG. 2A . 2 B and 3 explains; the assembly process is based on FIG. 4 and their parts 4A, 4B described.

Nach Figur 2A, 3, setzt sich die Vorderseite der Glühkerze aus dem Heizstift 2 zusammen, der mit dem rohrförmigen Körper 1 in der Achse xx der Glühkerze montiert ist.To FIG. 2A . 3 , the front of the glow plug is composed of the heating pin 2, which is mounted with the tubular body 1 in the axis xx of the glow plug.

Der Heizstift 2 setzt sich aus einer zylindrischen Metallhülle 21 zusammen, die eine keramische Heizpatrone 22 aufnimmt, welche einen Stromkreis 23 mit einem Heizwiderstand 231, einem Massekontakt 232 an seinem Umfang und einem Eingangskontakt 233 in seiner Bodenwand 24 oder Hinterseite umfasst. Die Hinterseite 24 der Heizpatrone 22 ist bezüglich des hinteren Endes der Metallhülle 21 und des Basisteils 26 rückspringend ausgeführt, indem eine Kammer 25 gebildet wird.The heating pin 2 is composed of a cylindrical metal shell 21 which accommodates a ceramic heating cartridge 22 comprising a circuit 23 having a heating resistor 231, a ground contact 232 at its periphery and an input contact 233 in its bottom wall 24 or rear. The rear face 24 of the heating cartridge 22 is recessed with respect to the rear end of the metal shell 21 and the base part 26 by forming a chamber 25.

Die Verbindung des Kontakts 232 und der Metallhülle 21 erfolgt durch Verlöten, Einpressen, Aufschrumpfen oder durch Einpressen und Aufschrumpfen in Kombination. Diese Verbindung trägt das Bezugszeichen 201. Sie betrifft vorzugsweise die gesamte Umfangsfläche der Heizpatrone 22 und die gesamte Innenfläche des zylindrischen Abschnitts der Metallhülle 21.The connection of the contact 232 and the metal shell 21 by soldering, pressing, shrinking or by pressing and shrinking in combination. This connection bears the reference numeral 201. It preferably relates to the entire peripheral surface of the heating cartridge 22 and the entire inner surface of the cylindrical portion of the metal shell 21st

Die Metallhülle 21 mit zylindrischer Form endet auf der hinteren Seite mit einem Basisteil 26, das einen Dichtkegel 27 bildet, der zum Abstützen der Glühkerze am Zylinderkopf der Brennkraftmaschine dient, wobei das vordere Ende, das aus dem Heizstift 2 gebildet ist, in den Verbrennungsraum des Zylinders des Motors vorspringt.The metal shell 21 with a cylindrical shape terminates on the rear side with a base part 26, which forms a sealing cone 27, which serves to support the glow plug on the cylinder head of the internal combustion engine, wherein the front end, which is formed from the heating pin 2, in the combustion chamber of Cylinder of the engine protrudes.

Der Stromkreis 23 ist durch die Masse über seinen Kontakt 232 mit der Metallhülle 21 in Kontakt; sein Eingangskontakt 233 ist mit dem Verbinder 3 durch den rohrförmigen Körper 1 hindurch aufgrund der leitenden Zusammenfügung verbunden, die aus einem Verbindungsstück 4 besteht, das teilweise in einer Isolierhüle 5 aufgenommen ist, welche auch den vorderen Abschnitt 61 des Kopfes 6 aufnimmt, der an die Mittelelektrode 7 durch den rohrförmigen Körper 1 hindurch befestigt ist.The circuit 23 is in contact with the metal shell 21 through the ground via its contact 232; its input contact 233 is connected to the connector 3 through the tubular body 1 due to the conductive assembly consisting of a connector 4 partially received in an insulating sleeve 5 which also receives the front portion 61 of the head 6, which is attached to the center electrode 7 through the tubular body 1 therethrough.

Im Einzelnen ist gemäß Figur 2A, 3 der Kopf 6, der an das vordere Ende 71 der Mittelelektrode 7 über eine Schweißnaht 202 befestigt ist, ein zylindrisches Teil, das mit einem beispielsweise kegelstumpfförmigen Bund 62 versehen ist, welcher seinen vorderen Abschnitt 61 von seinem hinteren Abschnitt 63 trennt; letzterer ist mit der Vorderseite 71 der Mittelelektrode 7 über eine Schweißnaht 202 verschweißt.In detail is according to FIG. 2A . 3 the head 6, which is fixed to the front end 71 of the center electrode 7 via a weld 202, a cylindrical part which is provided with a frusto-conical collar 62, for example, which separates its front portion 61 from its rear portion 63; the latter is welded to the front 71 of the center electrode 7 via a weld 202.

Die Isolierhülse 5 legt den Leitungsweg im Basisteil 26 der Metallhülle 21 fest und isoliert diesen: sie überdeckt den vorderen Abschnitt 61 des Kopfes 6 und nimmt das zylindrische Verbindungsstück 4 auf, das aus einem elektrisch leitenden, zylindrischen Element aus Graphit besteht, das in elektrischem Berührungskontakt mit der Hinterseite 24 der Heizpatrone 22 gelangt.The insulating sleeve 5 defines and insulates the conductive path in the base portion 26 of the metal shell 21: it covers the front portion 61 of the head 6 and receives the cylindrical connector 4 made of an electrically conductive cylindrical member made of graphite in electrical contact with the rear side 24 of the heating cartridge 22 passes.

Die Länge L der Hülse 5 ist geringer als die Summe der Länge ℓ1 des Verbindungsstücks 4 und die Länge ℓ2 des vorderen Abschnitts 61 des Kopfs 6, so dass das Verbindungsstück 4 der aus Hülse 5 und vorderem Ende 61 gebildeten Zusammenfügung aus dem vorderen Bereich der Isolierhülse 5 vorsteht, wenn diese Zusammenfügung beim Montieren und während des Betriebs der Glühkerze zusammengedrückt wird.The length L of the sleeve 5 is less than the sum of the length ℓ1 of the connector 4 and the length ℓ2 of the front portion 61 of the head 6, so that the connector 4 of the sleeve 5 and front end 61 formed assembly from the front of the insulating sleeve 5 protrudes when this assembly is compressed during mounting and during operation of the glow plug.

Das Verbindungsstück 4 wird bei Raumtemperatur zusammengedrückt, indem es mit seiner Vorderseite 41 mit der Hinterseite 24 und mit seiner Hinterseite 42 mit dem vorderen Bereich des Kopfes 6 in Kontakt bleibt, um die elektrische Leitung bei heißen Bedingungen trotz der maßlichen Schwankungen zu gewährleisten, die durch unterschiedliche Ausdehnungen der Hülle 21, des rohrförmigen Körpers 1 und der Mittelelektrode 7 unter der Wirkung der Temperaturschwankungen der Glühkerze und deren Umgebung bei einem kalten Motor bzw. einem heißen Motor erzeugt werden.The connector 4 is compressed at room temperature by staying with its front side 41 with the rear side 24 and with its rear side 42 with the front portion of the head 6 in contact to ensure the electrical conduction in hot conditions, despite the dimensional variations caused by different expansions of the sheath 21, the tubular body 1 and the center electrode 7 are generated under the effect of the temperature fluctuations of the glow plug and its surroundings in a cold engine or a hot engine.

Das vordere Ende 101 des rohrförmigen Körpers 1 enthält eine Senkung 102, welche eine Schulter 103 bildet und eine Isolierscheibe 104 aufnimmt, welche die Mittelelektrode 7 vom elektrisch leitenden rohrförmigen Körper 1 isoliert hält und in Abstützung den Kopf 6 über seinen Bund 62 aufnimmt, wobei der hintere Abschnitt 63 im Allgemeinen in die Isolierscheibe 104 eingreift, um darin zentriert und gegenüber dem rohrförmigen Körper 1 elektrisch isoliert gehalten zu werden. Die Öffnung 1041 der Isolierscheibe 104 ist in ihren Abmessungen auf die des hinteren Abschnitts 63 des Kopfes bzw. der Mittelelektrode 7 abgestimmt, d. h. geringfügig verspannt, um die Mittelelektrode 7 direkt oder indirekt gut in zentrierter Stellung zu halten, die deutlich von der Innenkontur des rohrförmigen Körpers 1 beabstandet liegt, um jeglichen Kurzschluss zu vermeiden. Diese geringfügige Verspannung des Kopfes 6 bei 63 durch die Öffnung 1041 in Kombination mit dem Andrücken der Scheibe 104 durch Annäherung der Hinterseite des Bundes 62 und der Abstützung 103 des rohrförmigen Körpers 1 nach der Verschweißung 203 gewährleisten, dass keine Abnutzung der Hinterseite 42 des Verbindungsstücks 4 aufgrund von radialen Bewegungen des vorderen Endes 61 des Kopfes 6 entsteht.The front end 101 of the tubular body 1 includes a counterbore 102, which forms a shoulder 103 and receives an insulating washer 104, which keeps the center electrode 7 isolated from the electrically conductive tubular body 1 and in support Head 6 receives over its collar 62, wherein the rear portion 63 engages generally in the insulating disk 104 to be centered therein and kept electrically isolated from the tubular body 1. The opening 1041 of the insulating washer 104 is matched in their dimensions to that of the rear portion 63 of the head or the center electrode 7, that is slightly braced to keep the center electrode 7 directly or indirectly well in centered position, which clearly from the inner contour of the tubular Body 1 is spaced to avoid any short circuit. This slight tension of the head 6 at 63 through the opening 1041 in combination with the pressing of the disc 104 by approaching the rear of the collar 62 and the support 103 of the tubular body 1 after the welding 203 ensure that no wear of the rear side 42 of the connecting piece 4th arises due to radial movements of the front end 61 of the head 6.

Nach Figur 3 stützt sich im montierten Zustand der kegelstumpfförmige Bund 62, der im Querschnitt deutlich geringer ist als die Senkung 102, um jegliche Gefahr von Berührung zu vermeiden, auf die Isolierscheibe 104 ab, ohne dabei die Wand der Senkung 102 zu berühren. Das Basisteil 26 ist mit dem vorderen Bereich 101 des rohrförmigen Körpers 1 über eine Schweißnaht 203 verschweißt, wodurch ein Hohlraum mit der Kammer 25 und der Senkung 102 gebildet wird, in welchem die aus Verbindungsstück 4 und Kopf 6 zusammengesetzte Untereinheit aufgenommen ist, deren vorderer Abschnitt 61 in die Isolierhülse 5 eingreift, welche teilweise das Verbindungsstück 4 aufnimmt.To FIG. 3 supported in the assembled state of the frusto-conical collar 62, which is significantly smaller in cross section than the countersink 102 to avoid any risk of contact, on the insulating disk 104, without touching the wall of the depression 102. The base part 26 is welded to the front portion 101 of the tubular body 1 via a weld 203, whereby a cavity is formed with the chamber 25 and the counterbore 102, in which the subassembly composed of connector 4 and head 6 is housed, the front portion thereof 61 engages in the insulating sleeve 5, which partially receives the connector 4.

Diese Untereinheit wird von dem Verbindungsstück 4, dem vorderen Ende 61 und dem Bund 62 des Kopfes 6 zwischen der Hinterseite 24 und insbesondere dem Versorgungskontakt 233 der Heizkeramik 22 und der Abstützschulter 103 mittels der Isolierscheibe 104 in der Senkung 102 zusammengedrückt. Somit werden die Druckkräfte nur auf den Kopf 6 ausgeübt, um auf die Abstützschulter 103 übertragen zu werden, wohingegen die Mittelelektrode 7 nicht diesen Kräften ausgesetzt wird und nicht Gefahr läuft, sich zu verbiegen und den rohrförmigen Körper 1 zu berühren. In Anbetracht der hohen elektrischen Leistung, die zu übertragen ist, haben der Eingangskontakt 233 der Keramikpatrone 22 und das vordere Ende 61 des Kopfes 6 eine Oberflächenbehandlung bzw. -beschichtung. Das bzw. die angesetzten Materialien vermindern den elektrischen Widerstand, erhöhen die Beständigkeit gegen Abnutzung und unterbinden jegliche Oxidation, durch welche der Stromverbrauch ansteigen würde.This subunit is compressed by the connecting piece 4, the front end 61 and the collar 62 of the head 6 between the rear side 24 and in particular the supply contact 233 of the ceramic heater 22 and the support shoulder 103 by means of the insulating 104 in the recess 102. Thus, the pressing forces are exerted only on the head 6 to be transmitted to the support shoulder 103, whereas the center electrode 7 is not exposed to these forces and is not in danger of bending and touching the tubular body 1. In view of the high electrical Power to be transmitted, the input contact 233 of the ceramic cartridge 22 and the front end 61 of the head 6 have a surface treatment or coating. The attached material (s) reduce electrical resistance, increase resistance to wear, and inhibit any oxidation that would increase power consumption.

Nach Figur 2B, Hinterseite AR, enthält die Glühkerze den Verbinder 3, der mit der Mittelelektrode 7 für die elektrische Versorgung der Glühkerze verbunden ist.To FIG. 2B Rear side AR, the glow plug includes the connector 3, which is connected to the center electrode 7 for the electrical supply of the glow plug.

Auf der Hinterseite AR enthält der rohrförmige Körper 1, der außen mit einem Gewinde 105 und mit einer Werkzeugaufnahme 106 zu dessen Einschrauben in den Zylinderkopf der Brennkraftmaschine versehen ist, eine hintere Senkung 107, welche eine Isolierbuchse 9 zum Zentrieren und elektrischen Isolieren des hinteren Endes 72 der Mittelelektrode 7 unter Zwischenschaltung einer Dichtung 8 aufnimmt, welche den ringförmigen Zwischenraum zwischen Elektrode 7 und Innenraum des rohrförmigen Körpers 1 verschließt und die Dichtheit des gesamten vorderen Abschnitts der Kerze sicherstellt.On the rear side AR, the tubular body 1, which is externally provided with a thread 105 and with a tool holder 106 for screwing it into the cylinder head of the internal combustion engine, includes a rear counterbore 107, which has an insulating bushing 9 for centering and electrically isolating the rear end 72 the center electrode 7 with the interposition of a seal 8 receives, which closes the annular space between the electrode 7 and the interior of the tubular body 1 and ensures the tightness of the entire front portion of the candle.

Der am hinteren Ende 72 der Mittelelektrode 7 befestigte Verbinder 3 ist außen mit einem Bund 31 und vorn mit einer Hülse 32 versehen, um das gerändelte bzw. mit einem Gewinde versehene hintere Ende 72 der Mittelelektrode 7 aufzunehmen und um die Sicherung im montierten Zustand durch eine Bördelung 204 (Figur 1) zu gestatten.The connector 3 fixed to the rear end 72 of the center electrode 7 is externally provided with a collar 31 and at the front with a sleeve 32 to receive the knurled rear end 72 of the center electrode 7 and the fuse in the assembled state by a Flanging 204 ( FIG. 1 ).

Das hintere Ende 33 des Verbinders 3 nimmt das Verbindungsstück auf, das jedem Fahrzeughersteller eigen ist; im Allgemeinen unterscheidet sich dieses Verbindungsstück von einem Fahrzeughersteller zum nächsten, jedoch sind alle diese speziellen Verbinder (nicht dargestellt) auf das Ende 33 anpassbar.The rear end 33 of the connector 3 receives the connector, which is unique to each vehicle manufacturer; Generally, this connector differs from one vehicle manufacturer to the next, however, all of these particular connectors (not shown) are adaptable to the end 33.

Die Montage der Glühkerze erfolgt so, wie sie in Figur 4 in ihren Teilen 4A, 4B gezeigt ist.The assembly of the glow plug takes place in the same way as in FIG. 4 is shown in its parts 4A, 4B.

Zum Montieren und vor allem zum Einsetzen der Bauteile nach dieser Ausführungsform des Montageverfahrens ist es vorteilhaft, dass die Vorgänge mit der vertikal ausgerichteten Glühkerze bzw. zumindest ihrer Achse xx mit Umkehrung der zuvor hergestellten Untereinheit um 180° (Figur 4A, Schritt E1-E7) erfolgen, damit die Hinterseite AR der Glühkerze für die Montage nach oben gewandt ist (Figur 4B, Schritt E8-E10).For mounting and especially for inserting the components according to this embodiment of the assembly method, it is advantageous that the operations with the vertically oriented glow plug or at least its axis xx with inversion of the subunit previously prepared by 180 ° ( FIG. 4A , Step E1-E7), so that the back AR of the glow plug is facing upwards for assembly ( FIG. 4B , Step E8-E10).

Die verschiedenen schematisch dargestellten Montageschritte sind mit den Bezugszeichen E1-E10 bezeichnet.The various assembly steps shown schematically are designated by the reference numerals E1-E10.

Vor den nachfolgend beschriebenen Schritten der Montage wird der Heizstift 2 entweder durch Verlöten oder durch Einschieben der Heizpatrone 22 in die Metallhülle 21 montiert.Before the mounting steps described below, the heating pin 2 is mounted in the metal shell 21 either by soldering or by inserting the heating cartridge 22.

Das Einschieben erfolgt Offline oder Inline auf automatische Weise durch Einpressen, Aufschrumpfen oder durch kombiniertes Verfahren aus Einpressen und Aufschrumpfen.The insertion takes place offline or inline in an automatic manner by pressing in, shrinking or by a combined process of pressing in and shrinking.

Im Falle des Verlötens erfolgt diese Montage Offline durch Verlöten der Sätze von Teilen, das in einem Ofen und mit hohen Temperaturen durchgeführt wird, die nicht in der Fertigungslinie angestrebt werden können.In the case of soldering, this assembly is done off-line by soldering the sets of parts, which is done in an oven and at high temperatures that can not be targeted in the production line.

Das Montieren des vorderen Bereichs der Glühkerze (Figur 4A) erfolgt ausgehend vom bearbeiteten rohrförmigen Körper 1 (E1) durch Einsetzen der Isolierscheibe 104 (E2), dann durch Einführen (E3) der Mittelelektrode 7, an die zuvor der Kopf 6 angeschweißt wurde, in die Senkung 102 oberhalb der Isolierscheibe 104 und durch diese hindurch. Der Kopf 6 und die Mittelelektrode 7 können vorzugsweise durch eine Laserschweißung mit einer Drehbewegung zusammengefügt werden. Aufgrund der sehr großen Längendiversität der Mittelelektrode 7 wegen der Länge der auf Nachfrage der Hersteller herzustellenden Kerzen erfolgt diese Schweißnaht vorzugsweise Offline.The mounting of the front portion of the glow plug (FIG. 4A) is carried out from the machined tubular body 1 (E1) by inserting the insulating washer 104 (E2), then inserting (E3) the center electrode 7 to which the head 6 has previously been welded the depression 102 above the insulating disk 104 and therethrough. The head 6 and the center electrode 7 may preferably be joined by a laser welding with a rotary motion. Due to the very long length diversity of the center electrode 7, because of the length of the candles to be produced at the request of the manufacturer, this weld preferably takes place off-line.

Die Isolierscheibe 104 hat vorzugsweise einen Querschnitt, der für eine genaue Positionierung der Isolierscheibe und dann für eine genaue Positionierung der Mittelelektrode 7 in relativ genauer Art und Weise dem Querschnitt der Senkung 102 entspricht.The insulating washer 104 preferably has a cross section which corresponds to the cross section of the counterbore 102 for accurate positioning of the washer and then for accurate positioning of the center electrode 7 in a relatively accurate manner.

Anschließend wird die Isolierhülse 5 um das vordere Ende 61 des Kopfes 6 angeordnet (Schritt E4) und dann wird das Zwischenstück 4 in die Isolierhülse 5 eingesetzt (E5). Die Isolierhülse 5 hat einen Innendurchmesser, der an den des vorderen Abschnitts 61 des Kopfes 6 angepasst ist, um eine genaue Zentrierung zu gewährleisten.Subsequently, the insulating sleeve 5 is arranged around the front end 61 of the head 6 (step E4), and then the intermediate piece 4 is inserted into the insulating sleeve 5 (E5). The insulating sleeve 5 has an inner diameter which is adapted to that of the front portion 61 of the head 6 to ensure accurate centering.

Der Außendurchmesser des Verbindungsstücks 4 aus Graphit entspricht in genauer Weise dem Innendurchmesser der Isolierhülse 5, um eine Positionierung mit minimalem Spiel zu gewährleisten.The outer diameter of the connecting piece 4 made of graphite corresponds exactly to the inner diameter of the insulating sleeve 5, to ensure positioning with minimal play.

Der Vorsprung der Vorderseite 41 des Verbindungsstücks aus Graphit 4 bezüglich des vorderen Endes der Isolierhülse, die vorzugsweise aus Keramik besteht, stellt eine Überlänge dar, die für das Andrücken des Verbindungsstücks aus Graphit 4 an die Hinterseite 24 der keramischen Heizpatrone 22 und insbesondere an den Versorgungskontakt 233 erforderlich und unabdingbar ist.The projection of the front side 41 of the graphite connector 4 with respect to the front end of the insulating sleeve, which is preferably made of ceramic, represents an excess length, which for pressing the graphite connector 4 to the rear side 24 of the ceramic heating cartridge 22 and in particular to the supply contact 233 is necessary and indispensable.

Die auf das Basisteil 26 in Richtung des rohrförmigen Körpers 1 ausgeübte Druckkraft durch Abstützung des Bundes 62 des Kopfes 6 an die Isolierscheibe 104 ist eine Druckkraft, die nach dem Montieren durch Verschweißen des Basisteils 26 am vorderen Ende 101 des rohrförmigen Körpers 1 dauerhaft aufrechterhalten wird.The compressive force exerted on the base member 26 in the direction of the tubular body 1 by supporting the collar 62 of the head 6 against the washer 104 is a compressive force which is permanently maintained after assembly by welding the base member 26 to the front end 101 of the tubular body 1.

Das Verbindungsstück 4 aus Graphit wird so definitiv zusammengedrückt. Der Verpressungsgrad variiert in Abhängigkeit von den Kräften, die durch Ausdehnungen/Entspannungen der montierten Teile entstehen, die den Temperaturschwankungen im Betrieb ausgesetzt sind, denen die Glühkerze unterliegt. Die auf das Verbindungsstück 4 und den Kopf 6 ausgeübten Druckkräfte erfolgen einerseits an der Hinterseite 24 der Heizpatrone 22 und andererseits an der Abstützschulter 103 des rohrförmigen Körpers 1. Dieses definitive Zusammendrücken gestattet es, die Ausdehnungen und Zusammenziehungen aufzunehmen, die aufgrund der Temperaturschwankungen der Kerze erzeugt werden, um eine dauerhafte elektrische Verbindung unabhängig von den Temperaturschwankungen dieser Teile sicherzustellen.The connecting piece 4 made of graphite is thus definitely compressed. The degree of compression varies depending on the forces caused by expansions / depressions of the assembled parts, which are exposed to the temperature fluctuations in operation, to which the glow plug is subject. The compressive forces exerted on the connecting piece 4 and the head 6 are effected on the one hand on the rear side 24 of the heating cartridge 22 and on the other hand on the supporting shoulder 103 of the tubular body 1. This definitive compression makes it possible to absorb the expansions and contractions caused by the temperature variations of the candle to ensure a permanent electrical connection regardless of the temperature variations of these parts.

In Schritt (E6) wird die mit dem Heizstift 2 erfolgte Anordnung überdeckt.In step (E6), the arrangement made with the heating pin 2 is covered.

Nach diesem Einsetzen bleibt ein Zwischenraum (i) zwischen dem vorderen Bereich 111 des rohrförmigen Körpers 1 und der Hinterseite 28 des Basisteils 26 des Heizstifts 2 bestehen. Die Anordnung wird in der Achse xx zusammengedrückt, um die Oberflächen einander anzunähern, und das Basisteil 26 wird an den rohrförmigen Körper 1 angeschweißt (E7), so dass der elektrische Kontakt zwischen der Heizpatrone 2 und der Mittelelektrode 7 nach Verschweißen der Anordnung, die komprimiert bleibt, erfolgt.After this insertion remains a gap (i) between the front portion 111 of the tubular body 1 and the rear side 28 of the base part 26 of the heating pin 2 is made. The assembly is compressed in the axis xx to approximate the surfaces, and the base member 26 is welded to the tubular body 1 (E7), so that the electrical contact between the heating cartridge 2 and the center electrode 7 after welding the assembly that compresses stays, takes place.

Die am Ende von Schritt (E7) erhaltene Untereinheit, die nach dem Verschweißen mit der Schweißnaht 203 entsteht, ist stabil. Sie wird um 180° gedreht, damit die Hinterseite nach oben gewandt ist (Figur 4B) und um in die Stellung von Schritt (E8) zu gelangen. Bei diesem Schritt werden die Dichtung 8 und dann die Isolierbuchse 9 eingesetzt (Schritt E9).The subunit obtained at the end of step (E7), which arises after welding to the weld 203, is stable. It is rotated 180 ° so that the back is facing upwards ( FIG. 4B ) and to get to the position of step (E8). In this step, the gasket 8 and then the insulating bushing 9 are inserted (step E9).

Der Verbinder 3 wird am hinteren Ende 72 der Mittelelektrode 7 montiert, der Verbinder 3 wird in Richtung des rohrförmigen Körpers 1 durch die Kraft F komprimiert (Figur 2B) und die Bördelung 204 (Schritt E10) des Verbinders 3 erfolgt durch Komprimieren der Hülse 32 am gerändelten Ende 72 (Figur 1).The connector 3 is mounted on the rear end 72 of the center electrode 7, the connector 3 is compressed in the direction of the tubular body 1 by the force F (FIG. FIG. 2B ) and the crimp 204 (step E10) of the connector 3 is made by compressing the sleeve 32 at the knurled end 72 (FIG. FIG. 1 ).

Claims (10)

  1. Glow plug comprising a heating pin (2) which is formed from a metal casing (21) which accommodates a ceramic heating cartridge (22) and is welded to the front region (101) of a tubular body (1) of which the rear region (110) is fitted with a connector (3) for the supply of power, wherein the electrical connection to earth is made by means of the metal casing (21) and the tubular body (1), wherein the supply is performed starting from the connector (3) by means of a centre electrode (7) which is accommodated in an insulated manner in the tubular body (1), which glow plug is characterized in that
    the electrical connection between the rear side (24) of the heating cartridge (2), which is provided with an input contact (233), and the front end (71) of the centre electrode (7) contains:
    - an electrically conductive connecting piece (4),
    - an electrically conductive cylindrical head (6) which is fastened to the front region (71) of the centre electrode (7) and has a supporting collar (62),
    - an electrically insulating sleeve (5) which surrounds the front section (61) of the head (6) beyond the collar (62) and partially surrounds the connecting piece (4),
    - wherein the tubular body (1) has a recess (102) at its front end (101), which recess forms a supporting shoulder (103) which accommodates an insulating disc for centring and electrical insulation (104), wherein the collar (62) has a smaller cross section than the recess (102) in order to rest on the shoulder (103),
    - wherein the sub-unit which is made up of the connecting piece (4) and the head (6) is pressed between the supply contact (233), the rear side (24) of the heating cartridge (2) and the supporting shoulder (103) of the tubular body (1), wherein the connecting piece (4) is pressed, by way of its front side (41), against the input contact (233) and, by way of its rear side (42), against the front end (61) of the head (6), the collar (62) of the said head being pressed against the support (103) by means of the insulating disc (104) .
  2. Glow plug according to Claim 1,
    characterized in that
    the connecting piece (4) is composed of graphite, is electrically conductive and is deformable under pressure.
  3. Glow plug according to Claims 1 and 2, characterized in that
    the head (6) is an electrically conductive metal cylinder which is subdivided into a front section (61) and into a rear section (63) by the collar (62).
  4. Glow plug according to Claim 1,
    characterized in that
    the collar (62) has a cross section in the shape of a truncated cone.
  5. Glow plug according to Claim 1,
    characterized in that
    the heating cartridge (22) is designed such that it can spring back in an axial direction with respect to the base part (26) of the casing (21) of the heating pin (2) in order to form a chamber (25) which at least partially accommodates the connecting piece (4) and partially accommodates the head (6), wherein these two elements (4, 6) are surrounded by the insulating sleeve (5) .
  6. Glow plug according to Claim 1,
    characterized in that
    the insulating disc (104) has a passage (1041) which is slightly smaller than the cross section of the rear section (63) of the head (6) or the centre electrode (7) in order to create a play-free arrangement.
  7. Glow plug according to Claim 1,
    characterized in that
    the insulating sleeve (5) engages at least partially into the chamber (25) of the metal casing (21).
  8. Method for producing a glow plug according to one of Claims 1 to 7,
    characterized in that
    - the tubular body (1) is produced (E1) with a recess (102) which forms a supporting shoulder (103) at its front end (101),
    - an insulating disc (104) is placed (E2) into the recess (102) onto the supporting shoulder (103),
    - the centre electrode (7) is inserted (E3), the head (6) having been fastened to the said centre electrode beforehand by being pushed into the insulating disc (104) in order to bring the collar (62) of the said head into contact with the disc (104), and by the centre electrode (7) being centred in the tubular body (1) in this way,
    - the insulating sleeve (5) is placed (E4) against the front section (61) of the head (6),
    - the connecting piece (4) is inserted (E5) into the insulating sleeve (5) by the said connecting piece being allowed to project in a natural manner by way of its front side (41), wherein the rear side (42) of the said connecting piece bears against the front section (61) of the head (6),
    - the heating pin (2) which was previously fitted to the insulating sleeve (5) is inserted (E6) such that the front side (41) of the intermediate piece (4) is at least substantially in contact with the rear side (24) of the heating cartridge (22) in its chamber (25), wherein the geometric parameters of the various components are such that a clearance or play (i) remains between the connecting plane (28) at the rear side of the base part (26) of the heating pin (2) and the connecting plane (111) of the front side of the tubular body (1),
    - the heating pin (2) and the tubular body (1) are axially pressed together in order to move the opposite connecting planes (28 and 111) of the metal casing (21) of the heating cartridge (22) and the tubular body (1) closer to one another and to at least bring them substantially into contact in order to join them by welding,
    - the seal (8), the insulating bushing (9) and the connector (3) are fitted to the rear end (72) of the centre electrode (7) by a leak-tight connection being established between the connector (3) and the tubular body (1),
    - the fitting is completed by attaching the connector (3) to the rear end (72) of the centre electrode (7) by the leak-tight connection being established between the connector (3) and the tubular body (1).
  9. Method according to Claim 8,
    characterized in that
    the welding of the base part (26) and the tubular body (1) is performed by way of a laser, in particular with a synchronized rotary movement of the two constituent parts.
  10. Method according to Claim 8,
    characterized in that
    - the fitting of the front region of the glow plug (E1-E7) is performed with the vertically oriented tubular body (1) (axis xx), wherein the front end (101) of the said tubular body faces upwards, and
    - the sub-unit which is fitted in this way is turned over so that the axis (xx) always runs vertically, but the rear end (110) of the tubular body (1) and that (72) of the centre electrode (7) face upwards, in order to fit the connector (3), in particular by beading (204), to the rear end (72) of the centre electrode (7) .
EP15759410.2A 2014-09-01 2015-08-18 Glow plug Active EP3189273B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR1458171A FR3025153B1 (en) 2014-09-01 2014-09-01 GLOW PLUG
PCT/EP2015/068906 WO2016034399A1 (en) 2014-09-01 2015-08-18 Glow plug

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3189273A1 EP3189273A1 (en) 2017-07-12
EP3189273B1 true EP3189273B1 (en) 2018-08-15

Family

ID=52130367

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP15759410.2A Active EP3189273B1 (en) 2014-09-01 2015-08-18 Glow plug

Country Status (5)

Country Link
EP (1) EP3189273B1 (en)
JP (1) JP6283768B2 (en)
CN (1) CN106605100B (en)
FR (1) FR3025153B1 (en)
WO (1) WO2016034399A1 (en)

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN109578188B (en) * 2018-11-02 2021-04-02 湖北康利安动力科技有限公司 A glow plug for diesel engine explosion-proof system

Family Cites Families (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE10020328A1 (en) * 1999-08-27 2001-03-01 Bosch Gmbh Robert Ceramic glow plug
WO2001016528A1 (en) * 1999-08-27 2001-03-08 Robert Bosch Gmbh Ceramic sheathed element glow plug
CZ300971B6 (en) * 1999-08-27 2009-09-30 Robert Bosch Gmbh Ceramic sheathed element glow plug and process for producing thereof
DE10030924A1 (en) * 2000-06-24 2002-01-03 Bosch Gmbh Robert glow plug
DE10339641A1 (en) * 2003-08-28 2005-03-24 Robert Bosch Gmbh Pencil-type glow plug for an internal combustion engine comprises a connecting pin and a contact element that are partly surrounded by an electrically insulating plastic sleeve within the plug housing
JP2005180855A (en) * 2003-12-22 2005-07-07 Bosch Automotive Systems Corp Ceramic heater type glow plug
JP4623645B2 (en) * 2004-06-29 2011-02-02 日本特殊陶業株式会社 Glow plug
DE102005029839A1 (en) * 2005-06-27 2007-01-04 Robert Bosch Gmbh glow plug
DE102009045273A1 (en) * 2009-10-02 2011-04-07 Robert Bosch Gmbh Heater plug manufacturing method for e.g. diesel engine, involves partly surrounding connecting area by solid ceramic element with electrically insulating characteristics, and partially cutting solid ceramic element in cutting process
DE102010062438A1 (en) * 2010-12-06 2012-06-06 Robert Bosch Gmbh Glow plug and method for its production
JP5720452B2 (en) * 2011-07-12 2015-05-20 株式会社デンソー Heating element conduction control device

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
None *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO2016034399A1 (en) 2016-03-10
FR3025153A1 (en) 2016-03-04
CN106605100B (en) 2019-08-30
JP2017525928A (en) 2017-09-07
EP3189273A1 (en) 2017-07-12
JP6283768B2 (en) 2018-02-21
CN106605100A (en) 2017-04-26
FR3025153B1 (en) 2016-12-09

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