EP3181772B1 - Use of a reinforcing element for installations in concrete structures - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to the use of a device for reinforcing concrete buildings according to the preamble of patent claim 1.

Concrete structures that are used as ceilings, walls and supports are used, among other things, to accommodate media pipes for water, wastewater, ventilation, electrical and communication in all modern buildings. Because ventilation pipes usually have large diameters, they were built separately for buildings with air conditioning systems and the ventilation ducts were often designed rectangular so that they could be integrated into the infrastructure, e.g. B. could be hidden in suspended ceilings. In connection with energy saving, which is becoming more and more popular, more and more pipes and ducts for forced ventilation have been installed. This means that ventilation pipes with a large cross-section have to be inserted. Since no one appreciates openly laid cables in private homes and commercial buildings, which, in addition to aesthetic defects, also trap dust and dirt and reduce the room height, more and more cables are being installed in the concrete structure.

In general, increasing comfort requirements mean that more empty pipes are being installed for media lines such as electrical, audio, heating and water, so that in many cases there is an acute weakening of the concrete structures.

In the vicinity of such media lines, several cavities with a length expansion arise in the concrete structure, which often pass through large areas of the concrete structure. This massively affects the shear-bearing behavior of the concrete structures in particular.

Especially for the functioning of the statics, e.g. B. a reinforced concrete ceiling, however, the shear capacity is of crucial importance.

Previously known punching systems only allow reinforcement of the concrete structure in the area of force application areas of supports and the like. They are not suitable for solving the problems caused by media pipe weakening in the middle of concrete structures. This is particularly because a full concrete cross-section without inserts (e.g. media lines) must be present for the load-bearing capacity of these punching systems to be determined. However, such deposits create large zones of no bearing capacity. This would have to be taken into account by installing special devices locally at the point of weakening. Such devices are not known to date.

In the DE 200 22 421 U1 a structural steel structure is specified as reinforcement for a concrete slab element, a concrete ceiling or a concrete floor with an integrated heating or cooling function, which has at least one reinforcement grid and supports attached to it for the heating or cooling pipes.

The publication EP 1 207 354 A2 shows a support bar for reinforcement for flat elements made of hardenable material. The support strip presented has clamping points where, for example, cables or heating/cooling pipes can be connected.

The font DE 19937414A1 describes a component by means of which recesses in the column area of flat ceilings made of reinforced concrete or prestressed concrete can be reinforced. This document recognizes the problem that the arrangement of recesses has a fundamental influence on the load-bearing capacity of the construction. It is also recognized that it must be possible to install such devices during construction, shortly before the concrete is poured.

This disclosure only applies to lines perpendicular to the ceiling and through the ceiling in the immediate vicinity of the supports and solves the problems with regard to punching shear strength. However, the problem is more diverse and often causes problems for structural engineers because it is difficult to estimate on site and at the time of acceptance and/or inspection of the reinforcement how much the strength is weakened by accumulations of media lines and media lines of large diameters and how to proceed , if it is suspected that the load-bearing capacity of a concrete structure is insufficient. The more perfectly an installation is carried out today by the plumbing, electrical and ventilation installers, the more and above all, the larger the number and diameter of the pipes that are installed in a concrete structure to later accommodate the media lines. The structural engineer is usually not informed; he is confronted with the facts on site and usually has to remove the reinforcement under time pressure.

The JPH06322890A concerns beams that are provided with reinforcing reinforcement in the area of through holes.

In static planning, i.e. when designing the reinforcement of a concrete structure, this fact has so far only been taken into account when dimensioning beams. For ceilings and walls, reinforcement that is normally designed with safety features is relied upon. The cables are inserted before the concrete is poured, but often after the statically necessary reinforcement has been determined by the workers on site. The civil engineer, who has to approve the statics before pouring the concrete and is liable for its quality, has not yet been provided with any means with which he could install static reinforcement in the construction at short notice, using simple means and on site.

The present invention now has the task of using a component to improve the concrete structures of the type mentioned in such a way that means are made available in the planning phase which, when used locally, can reduce or even eliminate the weakening caused by media lines. However, means are also made available that can be installed locally at the time of acceptance of the reinforcement, which ensures the reinforcement of the concrete structure after the concrete has been poured in by means of a clear force model in the area of the media pipes that is easily recognizable to the civil engineer Shear-bearing behavior is reinforced in such a way that the statics of the concrete structure either completely or at least approximately correspond to the design originally made by the structural engineer when calculating the reinforcement.

This problem is solved by using a device for reinforcing concrete structures with the features of patent claim 1. Further features according to the invention emerge from the dependent claims and their advantages are explained in the following description.

The basis of the invention is a method that allows the civil engineer both in the Effective measures must be taken in the planning phase as well as on site using structural elements with force models in order to locally reinforce the conventionally reinforced concrete structure using suitable means in such a way that the building structure is not excessively weakened by media lines or that unnecessary over-dimensioning of the same does not lead to uneconomical building structures. For this purpose, the inserts and media lines, referred to below as internals 20, are surrounded by components 1, 21, 22, 23, which transmit forces and form clearly recognizable force-neutral zones 31. The shear forces 16.16' act on every concrete structure. The figures show such building structures in a horizontal arrangement, but apply to any position.

Various force models are described below. The ZD force model 40 is solved using a ZD component 21, the SB force model 41 is solved by an SB component 22 and the requirements of a HS force model 42 enable an HS component 23.

The ZD power model 40 is in Fig. 1 shown. The force-neutral zone 31 is formed by a tension zone 33 and a pressure zone 32. The compressive forces are caused by the concrete 12 and other parts of the component 1 such as those in Fig. 21 , 22 The extensions 8 shown are taken over, while a ZD component 21 with at least one tension element 2 is used to absorb the thrust forces 16, 16 '.

The SB force model 41 is in Fig. 2 shown. The force-neutral zone 31 is made possible by an MQ zone 37, which can transmit the bending moments 34 and the shear forces 36. The bending moments 34 and the shear forces 36 are taken over by an SB component 22 with at least one rigid element 6.

Any two force models and force-neutral zones can be combined by connecting via an HS force model 42 in such a way that a horizontal shear zone 35 is created, which absorbs the horizontal shear forces 18 ( Fig. 3 ). The same combination can be made with an SB force model 41 and the HS force model 42, but this is not shown here.

Fig. 1

ZD-Kräftemodell

Fig. 2

SB-Kräftemodell

Fig. 3

Kombination von einem ZD-Kräftemodell mit einem HS-Kräftemodell

Fig. 4

ZD-Bauelement mit runden Endstücken

Fig. 5

ZD-Bauelement mit viereckigen Endstücken

Fig. 6

in der Betonkonstruktion eingebautes ZD-Bauelement

Fig. 7

verschiedene Formen der Halterungen am Bauelement

Fig. 8

ZD-Bauelement mit Hohlraum bildender Zugstange

Fig. 9

ZD-Bauelement mit Hohlraum bildender Zugstange verstärkt

Fig. 10

in der Betonkonstruktion eingebautes ZD-Bauelement mit Hohlraum bildender Zugstange verstärkt

Fig. 11

Hohlraum bildende Zugstangen verschiedener Bauart von ZD-Bauelementen

Fig. 12

Verbindung von mehreren ZD-Bauelementen

Fig. 13

ZD-Bauelement mit winklig angeordneter Zugstange und Verankerung

Fig. 14

kreuzweise und winklig angeordnete Zugstange und Verankerung von ZD-Bauelementen

Fig. 15

eine Vielzahl kreuzweise und winklig angeordnete Zugstangen und Verankerungen von ZD-Bauelementen

Fig. 16

U-förmiges SB-Bauelement mit Verankerungen

Fig. 17

verschiedene Formen von SB-Bauelementen

Fig. 18

Anordnung eines HS-Bauelementes in der Decke

Fig. 19

verschiedene Ausführungsformen verschiedener HS-Bauelemente

Fig. 20

geprüfte, einfache Ausführungsform mit definierter kraftneutraler Zone

Fig. 21

geprüfte, geschlossene Ausführungsform mit definierter kraftneutraler Zone

Fig. 22

geprüfte, offene Ausführungsform mit definierter kraftneutraler Zone

In the drawing shows:

Fig. 1

ZD force model

Fig. 2

SB force model

Fig. 3

Combination of a ZD force model with a HS force model

Fig. 4

ZD component with round end pieces

Fig. 5

ZD component with square end pieces

Fig. 6

ZD component installed in the concrete structure

Fig. 7

different forms of mounting on the component

Fig. 8

ZD component with a cavity-forming tie rod

Fig. 9

ZD component reinforced with a cavity-forming tie rod

Fig. 10

ZD component installed in the concrete structure reinforced with a tie rod forming a cavity

Fig. 11

Cavity-forming tie rods of various types of ZD components

Fig. 12

Connection of several ZD components

Fig. 13

ZD component with angled tie rod and anchoring

Fig. 14

Crosswise and angularly arranged tie rod and anchoring of ZD components

Fig. 15

a variety of crosswise and angled tie rods and anchors ZD components

Fig. 16

U-shaped SB component with anchors

Fig. 17

different forms of self-service components

Fig. 18

Arrangement of a HS component in the ceiling

Fig. 19

different embodiments of different HS components

Fig. 20

Tested, simple embodiment with defined force-neutral zone

Fig. 21

Tested, closed embodiment with defined force-neutral zone

Fig. 22

Tested, open embodiment with defined force-neutral zone

The figures represent possible exemplary embodiments, which are explained in the following description.

The invention ensures the necessary shear-bearing behavior in the transverse direction in the area of the cavities mentioned by creating a clear flow of forces. The resulting tensile component resulting from the shear forces (e.g. truss model) is absorbed by the systems and devices described below. The systems create a locally reinforced area for power transmission. Depending on the force model, this is done using means such as reinforcing brackets, frame systems, rings, dowels and the like, which are described below. The result is an increased shear resistance of the concrete structure. It enables the necessary arrangement and routing of the media lines and the suspension of the resulting tensile forces in such a way that the necessary force flows and concrete pressure diagonals can be formed. This is done by means of loops, bands, iron, etc. arranged on the above-mentioned systems and devices. It is also possible to leave the media lines in place and to arrange the new components 1 in such a way that the necessary pressure diagonals can be formed freely despite the media lines.

An embodiment of the component 1 on which the invention is based, the ZD component 21, is in the Figs. 4 and 5 pictured. The most important part of the ZD component 21 is the tie rod 2. This acts as a tension band element in both directions. The pull rod 2 can be straight or in any conceivable version, e.g. B. be designed as a curved rod or frame. In order to securely anchor the ZD component 21 in the concrete 12, it can be equipped with an anchor 3 at least at one end. These anchors 3 can consist of round or square upsets, conventional end anchors such as welded cross bars or bends. They always serve to anchor the tie rod 2 in the concrete 12 after pouring.

Fig. 6 shows an installed ZD component 21. The pressure diagonals 30 act on the tie rod 2 connected to the anchors 3, 3 ', so that the internals 20 can be accommodated in a force-neutral zone 31. The ZD component 21 takes over the transmission of the forces, so that even when installing many and / or large internals 20 such as. B. media lines, the concrete structure 10 with an already designed and existing conventional reinforcement 11 is statically weakened little or not at all.

In order to hold the internals 20 in the force-neutral zone 31, i.e. in the cavity provided for guiding the internals 20, even during the pouring of the concrete 12, a holder 4 is fixed or detachable with the tie rod 2 or the anchors 3, 3 ' tied together. This consists e.g. B. from rods, bands or loops with which the possible cavity for guiding the media lines is controlled and defined. In Fig. 7 shows which embodiments are possible. Furthermore, it is also thought to design these holders 4 as wires or bands, which have at least one end on the pull rod 2 or the Anchors 3, 3 'are releasably secured. In this way, a ZD component 21, or an SB component 22 and also a HS component 23 can be inserted at the last moment before the concrete 12 is poured in and the internals 20 can be enclosed with the holder 4 loose at one end and so on be connected to the corresponding component 21, 22 or 23. The point of this action is to keep the internals 20 in the cavity provided for this purpose, the force-neutral zone 30, even during pouring.

Other embodiments are in the Fig. 8 to Fig. 11 shown. In such embodiments, the tension element 2 also forms the holder 4 for the internals 20. Elements shown in these figures are suitable for planned installation, so that the craftsmen are told where they can and should lay their media lines. If a component 21, 22 or 23 is provided at an early stage, for example in the planning by the plumber, the ventilation engineer or the electrician, he can insert his cables into the holders 4 of the components 21, 22 or 23 that are already on site. The invention thus offers the builders an opportunity to provide static safety for the laying of fixtures 20 at an early stage.

In order to determine the position of several components 21, 22 and/or 23 in the longitudinal direction of the force-neutral zone 31, several components 21, 22 and/or 23 can be connected by connections 5 ( Fig. 12 ) can be connected to each other. This is necessary if there is a risk that the structural elements 21, 22 and/or 23 could be displaced by pouring the concrete 12 and would therefore not work exactly at the location where the civil engineer wants the reinforcement.

The anchoring 3 does not have to be an upset or a welded part, as described above. As in Fig. 13 shown, the pull rod 2 and the anchor 3 can also consist of a bent angle. Tie rod 2 and anchor 3 then take over the thrust forces 16 in the pressure diagonals 30 alternately. Tie rod 2 and anchor 3 can both take over the tensile forces caused by the shear forces 16. They are usually arranged at an angle of 90°. As in Fig. 13 - 15 shown, a force-neutral zone 31 can also be created with this arrangement for the internals 20 and especially for media lines with large diameters.

Especially in modern buildings that have to meet the requirements of building organization (facility management), a lot of built-in 20, especially media lines with large diameters, are often installed. If this was not already known at the time of the structural design of the concrete structure, it can lead to major problems. It is therefore conceivable that a large number of cross-arranged combinations of angled bent elements made of tie rods 2 and anchors 3 are used. In this way, as in Fig. 15 shown, a large number of force-neutral zones 31 are created for the accommodation of internals 20, whereby the concrete structure 10 is not weakened as much as possible.

In certain cases it may be worthwhile or necessary to use specially shaped SB components 22. Fig. 16 shows such rigid elements 6, which have the advantage that they create an even larger, precisely specified, force-neutral zone 31 for internals 20. The internals 20 can be bundled accurately with such rigid elements 6. A rigid element 6 consists, for example, of a frame 7, which takes over the shear forces 16 in the form of bending moments and transverse forces and thereby an SB component 22 according to Fig. 2 represents. In Fig. 17 a few variations of such SB components 22 are shown in the form of frame 7. Such frames 7 can also be connected to one another using connections 5.

Basically, variants should be presented that enable the structural engineer to take precautions even at the last moment before pouring the concrete 12 so that the concrete structure 10 does not have any weak points and meets the requirements. The goal is not to make conventional reinforcement less stable. The goal is rather to be able to reduce or even eliminate weakening caused by unplanned installations.

To the above and in the Fig. 1 to 19 fundamentally explained facts were observed in practical application. Components 1 were in the form as they are in Fig. 20 to Fig. 22 shown are subjected to practical tests. It turns out that the ZD force model with the in the Fig. 20 - 22 the shapes shown achieve the best results. In a technical sense, these forms are merely further developments of the in Figures 4, 5 , 8 and 9 ZD components 21 shown. The force model 40 is in Fig. 1 shown. The force-neutral zone 31 is formed by a tension zone 33 and a pressure zone 32 ( Fig. 1 ) educated. The compressive forces are taken over by the concrete 12 and the anchors, while a ZD component 21' - 21‴ ( Fig. 20 - 22 ) with at least one tension element 2, 2 'serves.

In the Fig. 20 - 22 The ZD components 21' - 21' shown ensure the necessary shear-bearing behavior in the area of the internals 20 by creating a clear flow of forces with the force-neutral zone 31. The resulting tensile component comes from the shear forces (e.g. truss model) through the ZD -Components 21' - 21‴ added and locally reinforced area created for power transmission. This is done through means such as reinforcement brackets and the like. The result is a clearly quantifiable, increased shear resistance of the concrete structure. It enables the necessary arrangement and guidance of the internals 20 (media lines) and the connection of the resulting tensile forces in such a way that the necessary force flows and concrete pressure diagonals can be formed. It is possible to leave the media lines in place and the ZD components 21 as shown in Fig. 20 - 22 shown are to be arranged in such a way that the necessary force flows can develop freely despite the internals 20 (media lines). This means that local weakenings of the concrete structure 11 caused by internals 20 are locally compensated for and integrated into the entire concrete structure 11.

The most important part of the ZD components 21' - 21' is the tie rod 2, 2'. This acts as a tension band element in both directions. In order to securely anchor the ZD components 21' - 21" in the concrete, it is equipped with anchors 3 at the ends. The anchors 3 consist, for example, of: B. from welded crossbars, screwed approaches, upsets or bends. They serve to anchor the tie rod 2, 2' in the concrete after pouring. They can do this in the Fig. 21 and Fig. 22 The extensions shown take on 8 additional functions, such as: B. preventing cracks and avoiding major deformations etc. in close proximity to the components 21' - 21'. They also serve a “gentle” transfer of forces from the ZD components 21' - 21‴ to the concrete.

The ZD components 21' - 21‴ transfer the forces locally and can be used anywhere, even multiple times. When installing many and large fixtures 20, the concrete structure 10 is weakened statically little or not at all with an already designed and existing conventional reinforcement 11. The local weakenings caused by internals 20 are compensated for by using ZD components 21′-21‴ according to the invention.

In principle, they should also be in the Figs 20 - 22 presented variants of the ZD components 21' - 21‴ enable the structural engineer to e.g. at the last moment. B. on the occasion of a final check carried out by the structural engineer before pouring the concrete, precautions must be taken so that the entire concrete structure 10 has no weak points and meets the requirements. It is not the aim and task of the invention that the conventional reinforcement has to be designed to be less stable! The aim is rather to correct weakenings that arise from internals 1 through appropriate measures. That this is with the in Fig. 20 - 22 Intensive tests have proven that this is achieved with the ZD components 21' - 21' shown.

Claims (9)

1. Use of a

   device for reinforcing concrete structures, which bridges weakened zones caused by embedded elements (20) by means of inserted structural elements and which transmits the forces, wherein in addition to the conventional design of the reinforcement (11) originally calculated by the structural engineer and before the concrete is cast, the embedded elements (20) are surrounded by at least one structural element (1),

   the structural element (1) comprises at least one anchoring (3) and at least one tension element (2) in the form of a straight tension rod, a curved rod or a frame, which is connected to an anchoring (3) at both ends,

   wherein a force model is formed by the structural element (1), which strengthens the local shear behavior of the statics in the area of the embedded elements (20), and thus improves the concrete structure weakened by the embedded elements (20) by transferring the forces,

   and reduces or eliminates the static weaknesses of the concrete structure caused by the embedded elements (20), the tensile element (2) taking over shear, compressive, transverse, tensile forces and/or bending moments,

   wherein force-neutral zones (31) are formed by the force model for the embedded elements (20),

   the structural element (1) surrounds these force-neutral zones (31) in a plane on two opposite sides at least partially and completely on a third side connecting the two sides, and the embedded elements (20) are accomodated and held in the force-neutral zones (31),

   wherein by inserting the structural element (1), the weaknesses are bridged, which are caused by the embedded elements (20), which were not taken into account in the static design of the conventional reinforcement of the concrete structures.
2. Use of a device according to claim 1,
   characterised in that
   the structural element (1) consists of a ZD structural element (21), which forms at least one ZD force model (40) onsisting of at least one pressure zone (32) and at least one tension zone (33).
3. Use of a device according to claim 1,
   characterised in that
   the structural element (1) consists of an HS structural element (23), which forms at least one HS force model (42) consisting of at least one horizontal shear zone (35).
4. Use of a device according to claim 2 and 3,
   characterised in that
   at least one force model is formed by the structural element (1) consisting of at least one ZD force model (40) and of at least one HS force model (42).
5. Use of a device according to any one of claims 1 to 4,
   characterised in that
   the anchoring (3) consists of conventional end anchors such as welded crossbars or screwed lugs or round or angular bumps or bends.
6. Use of a device according to one of claims 1 to 5,
   characterised in that
   at least two structural elements (1) are connected to one another by at least one connection (5, 5').
7. Use of a device according to claim 6,
   characterised in that
   the connection between at least two components (1) is arranged along the force-neutral zone (31).
8. Use of a device according to claim 6,
   characterised in that
   connections (5, 5') between at least two components (1) are arranged transversely to the force-neutral zone (31).
9. Use of a device according to claim 6,
   characterised in that
   connections (5, 5') between at least two components (1) are arranged along the force neutral zone (31) and transversely to the force-neutral zone (31).

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