EP3181772A1 - Reinforcing element for installations in concrete structures - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to components (1, 21) with which a possible weakening of a concrete structure (10) by means of internals (20), eg media lines, can be approximately or completely eliminated. The internals (20) are surrounded by at least one component (1, 21), which transmits the forces and whereby a force model is formed, which forms force-neutral zones (31) for the internals. The component (1, 21) consists for this purpose of a tension element (2) and at least at one end of an anchorage (3).

Description

The present invention relates to a device for reinforcing concrete structures according to the preamble of patent claim 1.

Concrete structures used as ceilings, walls and beams, among other things, are used in all modern buildings to house media pipes for water, sewage, ventilation, electrical and communication. Because ventilation pipes usually have large diameters, these were built separately for buildings with air conditioning systems and the ventilation ducts are often rectangular, so that they can be used in infrastructure, eg. B. could be hidden in suspended ceilings. In the context of energy saving, which is increasingly being used, more and more pipes and ducts for forced ventilation have been installed. This entails that ventilation ducts of large cross section must be inserted. Since no one appreciates publicly laid pipes in private homes and commercial buildings, which in addition to aesthetic defects are also dust collectors and dirt zones and reduce the room height, more and more pipes are installed in the concrete structure.

In general, as comfort needs to progress, more conduits for media lines such as electric, audio, heaters, and water are being inserted, so that in many cases there is an acute weakening of the concrete structures.

In the environment of such media lines arise in the concrete structure several cavities with a longitudinal extent often go through large areas of the concrete structure. As a result, in particular the shear behavior of the concrete structures is massively impaired.

In particular, for the functioning of the static z. As a reinforced reinforced concrete ceiling, however, the shear capacity is of crucial importance.

Previously known punching systems allow only reinforcements of the concrete structure in the range of force introduction areas of columns and the like. They are not suitable for solving the problems caused by media lines causing weakening in the midst of concrete structures. This is particularly because a full concrete cross-section without inserts (eg media lines) must be present for the determined carrying capacity of these puncturing systems. Such deposits, however, create large zones without carrying capacity. This would have to be taken into account by installing special devices locally at the point of weakening. Such devices are not known until today.

In the 200 22 421 U1 a structural steel construction is specified as reinforcement for a concrete slab element, a concrete floor or a concrete floor with integrated heating or cooling function, which has at least one reinforcing grid and attached carrier for the heating or cooling pipes.

The publication EP 1 207 354 A2 shows a support strip for a reinforcement for sheet-like elements of hardenable material. The presented support bar has clamping points where, for example, lines or heating / cooling pipes can be connected.

The font DE 19937414A1 describes a device by means of which recesses in the support area of flat slabs of reinforced concrete or prestressed concrete can be reinforced. In this document, the problem is recognized that the arrangement of recesses has a fundamental influence on the carrying capacity of the construction. It is also recognized that there must be the possibility of such devices even during construction, just before pouring the concrete, to be installed.

This disclosure only relates to conduits routed perpendicular to the ceiling and through the ceiling in the immediate vicinity of the support and solves the problems of puncture resistance. However, the problem is more diverse and often causes problems for the structural engineers, because it is difficult to estimate on site and at the time of acceptance and / or control of the reinforcement, how much the strength is weakened by accumulations of media lines and media lines of large diameter, and how to proceed if it is suspected that the load capacity of a concrete structure is insufficient. The more perfect an installation is performed today by the plumbing, electrical and ventilation installer, the more and, above all, the greater the number and diameter of the pipes that will be built into a concrete structure for later placement of the media lines. The structural engineer is usually not reported, he is confronted with the facts on the spot and must take the reinforcement usually under time pressure.

In static planning, ie in the design of the reinforcement of a concrete construction, this fact has so far at best been taken into account when dimensioning girders. For ceilings and walls, rely on the normally collateralized reinforcement. The pipes are laid before the pouring of the concrete, but often after the determination of the statically necessary reinforcement by the workers on site. The civil engineer, who has to relieve the static before pouring the concrete and is responsible for its quality, has so far not been provided with a means by which he could install a static reinforcement at short notice, with simple means and on site in the construction.

The present invention now has the object with a component to improve the concrete structures of the type mentioned in such a way that in the planning phase means are made available, which can be used locally reduce the weakenings by media lines or even eliminated. However, means can be made available that can be installed locally at the time of removal of the reinforcement, which ensures the reinforcement of the concrete structure after pouring the concrete by means of clear and for the civil engineer by means of easily recognizable force model in the field of media lines the Reinforced shear behavior such that the statics of the concrete structure corresponds to the originally made by the structural engineer with the calculation of the reinforcement design either completely or at least approximated.

This object is achieved by a component for concrete structures with the features of claim 1. Further features of the invention will become apparent from the dependent claims and the advantages thereof are explained in the following description.

Basis of the invention is a method that allows the civil engineer both in the planning phase as well as locally using components with force models to take effective measures to reinforce the conventionally reinforced concrete construction locally by suitable means in such a way that the construction is not excessive by media lines weakened, respectively, unnecessary unnecessary oversizing of the same must lead to uneconomical building structures. For this purpose, the deposits referred to as internals 20 and media lines are surrounded by means of components 1,21,22,23, which transmit forces and form clearly recognizable force-neutral zones 31. On each concrete structure, the shear forces act 16,16 '. The figures show such structures in each case in the horizontal arrangement, but apply to any position.

In the following, different force models are described. The ZD force model 40 is released by means of ZD component 21, the SB force model 41 is released by an SB component 22, and the / requirements of an HS force model 42 enable an HS component 23.

The ZD Force Model 40 is in Fig. 1 shown. The force neutral zone 31 is formed by a tensile zone 33 and a pressure zone 32. The pressure forces are through the concrete 12 and other parts of the device 1 such as those in Fig. 21 . 22 taken extensions 8, while for receiving the thrust forces 16,16 'a ZD component 21 with at least one tension element 2 is used.

The SB Force Model 41 is in Fig. 2 shown. The force neutral zone 31 is made possible by an MQ zone 37, which can transmit the bending moments 34 and the thrust forces 36. The bending moments 34 and the thrust forces 36 are taken over by an SB component 22 with at least one rigid element 6.

Any two force models and force-neutral zones can be combined by the connection via an HS force model 42 in such a way that a horizontal thrust zone 35 is formed which absorbs the horizontal thrust forces 18 (FIG. Fig. 3 ). The same combination can be made with an SB Force Model 41 and the HS Force Model 42, but this is not shown in the drawing.

Fig. 1

ZD-Kräftemodell

Fig. 2

SB-Kräftemodell

Fig. 3

Kombination von einem ZD-Kräftemodell mit einem HS-Kräftemodell

Fig. 4

ZD-Bauelement mit runden Endstücken

Fig. 5

ZD-Bauelement mit viereckigen Endstücken

Fig. 6

in der Betonkonstruktion eingebautes ZD-Bauelement

Fig. 7

verschiedene Formen der Halterungen am Bauelement

Fig. 8

ZD-Bauelement mit Hohlraum bildender Zugstange

Fig. 9

ZD-Bauelement mit Hohlraum bildender Zugstange verstärkt

Fig. 10

in der Betonkonstruktion eingebautes ZD-Bauelement mit Hohlraum bildender Zugstange verstärkt

Fig. 11

Hohlraum bildende Zugstangen verschiedener Bauart von ZD-Bauelementen

Fig. 12

Verbindung von mehreren ZD-Bauelementen

Fig. 13

ZD-Bauelement mit winklig angeordneter Zugstange und Verankerung

Fig. 14

kreuzweise und winklig angeordnete Zugstange und Verankerung von ZD- Bauelementen

Fig. 15

eine Vielzahl kreuzweise und winklig angeordnete Zugstangen und Verankerungen von ZD-Bauelementen

Fig. 16

U-förmiges SB-Bauelement mit Verankerungen

Fig. 17

verschiedene Formen von SB-Bauelementen

Fig. 18

Anordnung eines HS-Bauelementes in der Decke

Fig. 19

verschiedene Ausführungsformen verschiedener HS-Bauelemente

Fig. 20

geprüfte, einfache Ausführungsform mit definierter kraftneutraler Zone

Fig. 21

geprüfte, geschlossene Ausführungsform mit definierter kraftneutraler Zone

Fig. 22

geprüfte, offene Ausführungsform mit definierter kraftneutraler Zone

In the drawing shows:

Fig. 1

ZD-force model

Fig. 2

SB-force model

Fig. 3

Combination of a ZD Force Model with an HS Force Model

Fig. 4

ZD component with round end pieces

Fig. 5

ZD component with square end pieces

Fig. 6

built in concrete construction ZD component

Fig. 7

various forms of brackets on the component

Fig. 8

ZD component with cavity-forming pull rod

Fig. 9

ZD component reinforced with cavity forming drawbar

Fig. 10

reinforced in the concrete structure built ZD component with cavity forming tie rod

Fig. 11

Cavity forming tie rods of various types of ZD components

Fig. 12

Connection of several ZD components

Fig. 13

ZD component with angled drawbar and anchoring

Fig. 14

crosswise and angled pull rod and anchoring of ZD components

Fig. 15

a plurality of crosswise and angled tie rods and anchors of ZD components

Fig. 16

U-shaped SB component with anchors

Fig. 17

various forms of SB devices

Fig. 18

Arrangement of an HV component in the ceiling

Fig. 19

various embodiments of various HS devices

Fig. 20

tested, simple embodiment with a defined force-neutral zone

Fig. 21

tested, closed embodiment with defined force-neutral zone

Fig. 22

tested, open design with defined force neutral zone

The figures represent possible embodiments, which will be explained in the following description.

The invention ensures in the region of said cavities in the transverse direction, the necessary shear behavior by creating a clear flow of forces. Thus, the resulting tensile component is taken from the thrust forces (eg, truss model) by the systems and devices described below. It is created locally by the systems an armored area for power transmission. This happens according to the force model by means such as e.g. Armierungsbügel, frame systems, rings, dowels and the like which are described below. This results in an increased shear resistance of the concrete structure. It allows the necessary arrangement and guidance of the media lines and the suspension of the resulting tensile forces in such a way that the necessary power flows and concrete pressure diagonals can form. This is done by arranged on the above systems and devices loops, straps, iron, etc. It is also possible to leave the media lines in place and to arrange the new components 1 so that the necessary pressure diagonals can form freely despite the media lines.

An embodiment of the invention based on the component 1, the ZD component 21 is in the 4 and 5 displayed. The most important part of the ZD component 21 is the drawbar 2. This acts as a drawstring element in both directions. The pull rod 2 can be straight or in any conceivable embodiment z. B. be designed as a curved rod or frame. In order to securely anchor the ZD component 21 in the concrete 12, it can be equipped with an anchoring 3 at least at one end. These anchors 3 may consist of round or square upsets, conventional end anchorages such as welded crossbars or bends. They always serve to anchor the drawbar 2 in the concrete 12 after pouring.

Fig. 6 shows a built-ZD component 21. The printed diagonal 30 act on the connected to the anchors 3, 3 'tie rod 2, so that the internals 20 can be accommodated in a force-neutral zone 31. The ZD component 21 takes over the transmission of forces, so that even when installing many and / or large installations 20 such. B. media lines the concrete structure 10 with a previously designed and existing conventional armor 11 statically little or not weakened.

In order to keep the internals 20 during the pouring of the concrete 12 in the force-neutral zone 31, so in the space provided for the leadership of the fixtures 20, with the drawbar 2 or the anchors 3, 3 ', a holder 4 fixed or detachable connected. This consists z. B. from rods, bands or loops with which the possible cavity for the management of the media lines is controlled and defined. In Fig. 7 is shown which embodiments are possible. Furthermore, it is also thought to form these brackets 4 as wires or bands, which are at least one end to the pull rod 2 or the anchors 3, 3 'releasably secured. In this way, a ZD component 21, or an SB component 22 and also an HS component 23 still used at the last moment before pouring the concrete 12 and the baffles 20 with the loose at one end holder 4 and so on be connected to the corresponding component 21,22 or 23. In this case, it is a matter of keeping the internals 20 in the designated cavity, the force-neutral zone 30, also during the pouring.

Other embodiments are in the Fig. 8 to Fig. 11 shown. In such embodiments, the tension element 2 also forms the holder 4 for the fixtures 20. Elements shown in these figures are suitable for planned installation, so that the craftsmen are given where they may and should lay their media lines. Will a device 21, 22 or 23 at an early stage dhz B. already provided in the planning by the plumber, the ventilation technician or the electrician, this can introduce its lines in the brackets 4 of the already existing on-site components 21, 22 or 23. The invention thus offers the builders a way to provide the static security for the installation of fixtures 20 at an early stage.

In order to determine the position of a plurality of components 21, 22 and / or 23 in the longitudinal direction of the force-neutral zone 31, a plurality of components 21, 22 and / or 23 can be connected by connections 5 (FIG. Fig. 12 ). This is necessary if there is a risk that could be moved by the pouring of the concrete 12, the components 21, 22 and / or 23 and thereby would not act exactly at the place where the civil engineer wants the reinforcement.

The anchorage 3 does not have to be an upset or a welded part as described above. As in Fig. 13 shown, the pull rod 2 and the anchor 3 also consist of a bent angle. Pull rod 2 and anchoring 3 then take over the thrust forces 16 in the Druckdiagonalen 30 mutually. Tie rod 2 and anchoring 3 can both take over the tensile forces caused by the shear forces 16. They are usually arranged at an angle of 90 °. As in Fig. 13 - 15 can also be created with this arrangement for the internals 20 and especially for media lines with a large diameter a force neutral zone 31.

Especially in modern construction, which has to meet the requirements of building organization (facility management), many installations are often installed, especially large diameter media lines. If this was not already known at the time of the static design of the concrete structure, it can lead to major problems. It is therefore conceivable that a plurality of crosswise arranged combinations of angularly bent elements Tie rods 2 and anchors 3 are used. In this way, as in Fig. 15 shown a plurality of power neutral zones 31 created for the placement of fittings 20, wherein the concrete structure 10 is not weakened as possible.

In some cases, it may be worthwhile or necessary to use specially shaped SB devices 22. Fig. 16 shows such rigid elements 6, which have the advantage that they create an even larger precisely predetermined neutral zone 31 for internals 20. The baffles 20 can be bundled with such rigid elements 6 accurately. A rigid element 6 consists for example of a frame 7, which takes over the thrust forces 16 in the form of bending moments and shear forces and thereby a SB-component 22 according to Fig. 2 represents. In Fig. 17 a few variations of such SB devices 22 are shown in the form of frame 7. Such frames 7 can be connected to each other by means of connections 5.

Basically, variants are to be presented, which allow the structural engineer, even at the last moment before pouring the concrete 12 to make arrangements that the concrete structure 10 has no weaknesses and meets the requirements. It is not the goal that you lay out the conventional reinforcement less stable. The goal is rather to reduce or even eliminate weakenings caused by unplanned installations.

To the top and in the Fig. 1 to 19 Basically explained facts in the practical application were to observe elements 1 in the form as they are in FIGS. 20 to 22 be subjected to practical tests. It turns out that the ZD-force model with the in the Fig. 20 - 22nd the best results. In the technical sense, these forms are merely advances in FIGS. 4, 5 . 8 and 9 shown ZD-components 21. The force model 40 is in Fig. 1 shown. The force neutral zone 31 is defined by a tension zone 33 and a pressure zone 32 (FIG. Fig. 1 ) educated. The compressive forces are absorbed by the concrete 12 and the anchorages, while a ZD component 21 '- 21'"(FIG. Fig. 20 - 22nd ) with at least one tension element 2, 2 'is used.

In the Fig. 20 - 22nd shown ZD components 21 '- 21 "' ensure in the area of the internals 20 the necessary shear behavior by creating a clear flow of forces with the force neutral zone 31. Thus, the resulting tensile component is derived from the shear forces (eg ZD components 21 '- 21'"recorded and created locally reinforced area for power transmission. This is done by means such as Armierungsbügel and the like. The result is a clearly quantifiable, increased shear resistance of

Concrete structure. It allows the necessary arrangement and guidance of the internals 20 (media lines) and the connection of the resulting tensile forces in such a way that the necessary power flows and concrete pressure diagonals can form. It is possible to leave the media lines in place and the ZD components 21 as shown in FIG Fig. 20 - 22nd are shown to be arranged so that the necessary power flows despite the baffles 20 (media lines) can form freely. Thus, caused by installations 20 local weakenings of the concrete structure 11 are locally compensated and integrated in the entire concrete structure 11.

The most important part of the ZD components 21 '- 21'"is the drawbar 2, 2 ', which acts as a drawstring element in both directions.To securely anchor the ZD components 21' - 21 '" in the concrete, it becomes the ends equipped with anchors 3 The anchors 3 consist z. B. from welded crossbars, screwed approaches, upsets or bends. They serve to anchor the drawbar 2, 2 'in the concrete after pouring. These can be in the Fig. 21 and Fig. 22 Extensions shown take 8 additional functions, such. For example, preventing cracks and avoiding large deformations, etc., in close proximity of the components 21 '-21'. "They also serve to" gently "transfer the forces from the ZD components 21'-21 '" to the concrete ,

The ZD components 21 '- 21' "take over the transmission of forces locally and can be used multiple times at any point.In the installation of many and large installations 20, the concrete structure 10 with a previously designed and existing conventional armor 11 statically little or not weakened at all.The local weakenings caused by fixtures 20 are compensated for by the use of ZD components 21'-21 '"according to the invention.

Basically, also in the FIGS. 20-22 variants of the ZD components 21 '- 21'"allow the structural engineer to take precautions at the last moment, for example on the occasion of a final check made by the structural engineer before pouring the concrete, so that the entire concrete structure 10 has no weak points It is not the aim and the object of the invention that the conventional reinforcement has to be designed to be less stable, the aim being rather to correct the weakenings which result from installations 1 by corresponding measures Fig. 20 - 22nd shown ZD components 21 '- 21'"achieved have proven intensive tests.

Claims (15)

Device for reinforcing concrete structures, bridged by means of inserted components weakened zones, which arise from internals (20), characterized in that
in addition to the conventional design of the reinforcement (11), originally calculated by the constructor, and prior to the pouring of the concrete, the installations (20) are surrounded by at least one component (1) which transmits the forces, thereby creating at least one force model which is suitable for the Built-in power neutral zones (31), by which the position of the internals (20) is defined and in which the internals are housed by the local shear behavior of the statics in the area of the internals (20) is reinforced by the component (1), so that caused by the internals (20) weakening of the concrete structure are at least minimized and thus the weakened concrete structure is improved. Device according to claim 1,
characterized in that
the component (1) consists of a ZD component (21), by which at least one ZD force model (40) is formed, which consists of at least one pressure zone (32) and at least one tension zone (33). Device according to claim 1,
characterized in that
the component (1) consists of an SB component (22) by which at least one SB force model (41) is formed, which consists of at least one MQ zone (37) and takes over bending moments (34) and thrust forces (36) , Device according to claim 1,
characterized in that
the component (1) consists of an HS component (23), by which at least one HS force model (42) is formed, which consists of at least one horizontal thrust zone (35). Device according to claims 2 and 4,
characterized in that
the component (1) at least one force model is formed, which consists of at least one ZD force model (40) and at least one HS force model (42). Device according to claims 3 and 4,
characterized in that
the component (1) is a force model formed, which consists of at least one SB-force model (41) and at least one HS-force model (42). Device according to one of claims 1 to 6,
characterized in that
the component has at least one tension element (2). Device according to claim 7,
characterized in that
the component has at least one tension element (2) and at least one holder (4). Device according to claim 8,
characterized in that
the component has at least one tension element (2), at least one holder (4) and at least one anchoring (3). Device according to claims 1 and 3,
characterized in that
the component (1) consists of at least one anchored in the concrete and rigid element (6). Device according to claim 10,
characterized in that
the rigid element (6) forms a frame (7). Device according to claims 1 to 11,
characterized in that
at least two components (1) are interconnected by at least one connection (5, 5 '). Device according to claim 12,
characterized in that
the connection between at least two components (1) is arranged along the force-neutral zone (31). Device according to claim 12,
characterized in that
Connections (5, 5 ') between at least two components (1) are arranged transversely to the force neutral zone (31). Device according to claim 12,
characterized in that
Connections (5, 5 ') are arranged between at least two components (1) along the force-neutral zone (31) and transversely to the force-neutral zone (31).

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