EP3892789A1 - Cladding system - Google Patents

Abstract

A formwork system for concrete construction is described, comprising a formwork element 1 and at least one back anchoring system 2, the formwork element 1 comprising a flat formwork part 3 that is oriented essentially perpendicular to a reinforcement layer 6 in the installed state. The anchoring system 2 comprises a back anchoring bracket 8 and either a first 5.1 and a second 5.2 securing bolt or a first securing bolt 5.1 and a fixing hook 4. The anchoring bracket 8 engages around a reinforcement bar 22 of the reinforcement layer 6 in the installed state. The anchoring bracket 8 has at least: a first Reversal area 8.1, wherein in the installed state the first reversal area 8.1 is arranged in the vertical direction above the reinforcing bar 22 of the reinforcement layer 6; a second 8.2 and a sixth 8.6 reversal area, the second 8.2 and the sixth 8.6 reversal area being arranged in the vertical direction below the reinforcement bar 22 of the reinforcement layer 6 in the installed state. Either the second 8.2 and the sixth 8.6 reversal area are in contact with the second securing bolt 5.2, the second securing bolt 5.2 being inserted between the second 8.2 and sixth 8.6 reversal area of the anchoring bracket 8 and the reinforcement bar 22 of the reinforcement layer 6 in the installed state, and so the Anchoring bracket 8 secures in its position, or the second 8.2 or the sixth 8.6 reversal area is in contact with the fixing hook 4, the fixing hook 4 encompassing a reinforcement bar 24 of the reinforcement layer 6 and thus securing the anchoring bracket 8 in its position. The anchoring stirrup 8 also has at least: a third 8.3 and a fifth 8.5 reversal area, with at least part of the third 8.3 and part of the fifth 8.5 reversal area being arranged in the vertical direction below the reinforcing bar 22 of the reinforcement layer 6 and the third 8.3 and the fifth 8.5 reversal area are in contact with the first securing bolt 5.1, the first securing bolt 5.1 being inserted in the installed state between the third 8.3 and fifth 8.5 reversal area of the anchoring bracket 8 and the reinforcement bar 22 of the reinforcement layer 6; and a fourth reversal area 8.4, wherein in the installed state the fourth reversal area 8.4 is arranged in the vertical direction above the reinforcing bar 22 of the reinforcement layer 6 and the fourth reversal area 8.4 is in contact with the reinforcing bar 22 of the reinforcement layer 6. The formwork element 1 has at least one recess 20 and the anchoring bracket 8 engages in the installed state at least with its first reversal area 8.1 in the recess 20 of the formwork element 1, the anchoring bracket 8 being in operative connection with the formwork element 1 in such a way that the formwork element 1 is in is securely fixed in its position.

Description

Technical area

The present invention relates to a formwork system for concrete construction.

State of the art

Concrete structures such as floor / ceiling slabs are often concreted in several sections. Reasons for this are, for example, the amount of concrete required or a work break between pouring the individual sections. The shuttering elements used for this purpose are usually made of steel and have larger dimensions, which leads to a high weight and corresponding difficulties when used on the construction site.

From the EP 507 054 A1 a formwork element is known in which the bars of the latticework forming the formwork support are arranged on both surfaces of an intermediate metal panel and are welded to this. The formwork element results in improved anchoring and reinforcement in the concrete and is particularly suitable for shuttering connection surfaces to which another concrete section is to be connected later.

In the case of large-volume concrete structures and a correspondingly increased concrete pressure, one of the EP 1 132 545 A2 known formwork material can be used. This formwork material consists of a panel made of expanded metal and transverse or longitudinal stiffening elements on both sides of the panel. The stiffening elements are welded together at the crossing points through the panel. It is also possible to use the EP 507 054 A1 to provide known formwork element with additional stiffening elements.

It goes without saying that the formwork elements described must be securely fixed to the reinforcement of the respective concrete structure before the concreting process, since the concrete pressure, which constantly increases during the concreting process, must not lead to the formwork element moving or even falling over. Usually this fixation is done by a so-called suspension, which is made on Reinforcement and formwork element consists of welded metal rods. Overall, the erection and fixing of large-format shuttering elements is very labor-intensive and therefore cost-intensive.

One approach to solving this problem is offered by DE 20 2008 015 883 U1 , which describes a formwork with an anchoring device. The anchoring device has a tension strut connected both to the formwork wall and to the base. The tension strut is connected to the base and / or to the formwork wall via a hook connection containing a flexible loop element. The disadvantage of this system is the complex fastening of the tension strut, in particular on the lower reinforcement layer. Looping the reinforcing bars with the flexible loop element proves to be quite complex and difficult to carry out in practice.

Another variant of a formwork system with formwork element and suspension is based on the EP 2 378 030 A2 emerged. In this case, the tension strut has a loop-hook element with a terminal loop reversal area at its end adjacent to the reinforcement layer. The loop-hook element is hooked around a reinforcement bar of the reinforcement layer and fixed with a safety bolt guided between the reinforcement bar and the loop reversal area. In particular in the case of cramped space conditions with multilayer lower reinforcement, the attachment of the loop-hook element is a problem, which leads to sometimes time-consuming assembly work.

There is therefore still a need for shuttering that can be easily set up and fixed and therefore prove to be relatively inexpensive in use.

Presentation of the invention

The invention, as it is characterized in the claims, is based on the object of providing a shuttering that can be easily and quickly connected to the reinforcement of the concrete structure and is nevertheless securely fixed to the reinforcement.

This object is achieved according to the invention by the formwork system according to claim 1. Further advantageous details, aspects and configurations of the present invention emerge from the dependent claims, the description, the examples and the drawings.

The formwork system according to the invention for concrete construction comprises a formwork element and at least one back anchoring system, the formwork element comprising a flat formwork part oriented essentially perpendicular to a reinforcement layer in the installed state. The back anchoring system comprises a back anchoring bracket and either a first and a second securing bolt or a first securing bolt and a fixing hook. When installed, the anchoring stirrup encompasses a reinforcement bar in the reinforcement layer. The anchoring stirrup has at least: a first reversal area, wherein in the installed state the first reversal area is arranged in the vertical direction above the reinforcing bar of the reinforcement layer; a second and a sixth reversal area, wherein in the installed state the second and the sixth reversal area are arranged in the vertical direction below the reinforcing bar of the reinforcement layer. Either the second and sixth reversal area are in contact with the second securing bolt, the second securing bolt being inserted between the second and sixth reversing area of the anchoring bracket and the reinforcement bar of the reinforcement layer and thus securing the anchoring bracket in its position, or the second or the sixth reversal area is in contact with the fixing hook, the fixing hook engaging around a reinforcing rod of the reinforcement layer and thus securing the anchoring stirrup in its position.

The anchoring stirrup also has at least: a third and a fifth reversal area, wherein in the installed state at least part of the third and part of the fifth reversal area are arranged in the vertical direction below the reinforcing bar of the reinforcement layer and the third and fifth reversal area with the first securing bolt are in contact, the first securing bolt in the installed state being inserted between the third and fifth reversal areas of the anchoring stirrup and the reinforcing bar of the reinforcement layer; and a fourth reversal area, wherein in the installed state the fourth reversal area is arranged in the vertical direction above the reinforcement bar of the reinforcement layer and the fourth reversal area is in contact with the reinforcement bar of the reinforcement layer. The formwork element has at least one recess and the rear anchoring bracket engages in the installed state at least with its first reversal area in the recess of the formwork element, the rear anchoring bracket coming into operative connection with the formwork element in such a way that the formwork element is securely fixed in its position.

In the context of the present text, the term “encompassing” is understood to mean partially encompassing. If, for example, it is mentioned in the present text that the anchoring stirrup in the installed state encompasses a reinforcing bar of the reinforcement layer, then this does not mean that the anchoring stirrup completely encloses the reinforcing bar like a ring. Rather, the anchoring stirrup is placed with one of its reversal areas on the reinforcing bar and thus only partially surrounds it.

A “reversal area” is understood to mean a section in which the anchoring stirrup is bent, that is to say changes direction in its course.

The anchoring stirrup according to the present invention can for example be produced in a simple manner from a steel rod such as a black steel rod or a reinforcing steel rod. To do this, the steel rod is first bent into a circular ring and the ends are welded together. By squeezing the ring in the plane of the ring, the ring is given an oval shape, whereby the first 8.1 and fourth 8.4 reversal areas are formed. This oval ring is bent a second time in a direction perpendicular to the ring plane, as a result of which the second 8.2 and sixth 8.6 reversal areas are formed. By a third bending process, again perpendicular to the plane of the ring but at a distance from the plane of the second bending, the third 8.3 and fifth 8.5 reversal areas are formed and the anchoring bracket receives its in the Figure 2 shown form.

As will be described in more detail below, both the first and the second securing bolt can be equipped with an eyelet and can be inseparably connected to the anchoring bracket with the aid of this eyelet. The production of such a back anchoring bracket with securing bolts attached can basically be done in two ways. As described above, a back anchoring bracket can first be formed and then the eyelet of the securing bolt or bolts with the anchoring bracket guided through the eyelet can be formed by welding. It is also possible to first attach an eyelet to each securing bolt and then to form the anchoring bracket as described above, the steel rod used to manufacture the anchoring bracket being passed through the eyelets of the securing bolts. Manufacturing the anchoring bracket in a first step and the subsequent welding of the eyelet to the securing bolt with the anchoring bracket guided in it is less problematic in terms of production technology.

The formwork system according to the invention manages completely without suspension, but nevertheless provides formwork that is extremely secure and permanently secured in its position. The entire structure is very easy to do and requires a significantly reduced amount of work, especially in comparison to the usual welding processes for fastening a suspension. Attaching the back anchoring bracket to the reinforcement layer requires much less effort and time than welding the suspension to the reinforcement and the formwork element.

In particular, no welding process is required when installing the formwork system according to the invention. In the case of construction sites on which all welding is prohibited, the formwork system according to the invention therefore provides an easily manageable and inexpensive formwork. In addition, the anchoring stirrup is a somewhat bulky, easy-to-handle part that can simply be placed on a reinforcement bar of the lower reinforcement layer, even in confined spaces. Overall, the formwork system can be set up and fixed with comparatively little effort and therefore proves to be relatively inexpensive in use.

At this point it should be mentioned that it is clear to the person skilled in the art that the curvatures of the reversal areas of the anchoring stirrup are adapted to the dimensioning of the reinforcement. Thus, the first and fourth reversal areas have a greater radius of curvature the greater the diameter of the reinforcing bar on which the anchoring stirrup is placed. The third and fifth reversal areas advantageously have a similar or identical radius of curvature, because this makes it easier for the securing bolt to be pushed in. Advantages also result if the third and fifth reversal areas are spaced essentially the same distance from the reinforcing bar after the fourth reversal area has been placed on the reinforcing bar. This is the case when the anchoring stirrup has a plane of symmetry which intersects the first and fourth reversal areas and maps the third and fifth reversal areas as well as the second and sixth reversal areas onto one another. In this case, too, the securing bolt can be pushed particularly easily between the reinforcing bar and the third and fifth reversal area.

As will be described in more detail below, the anchoring stirrup is attached to the reinforcement under tension in the area of the second and sixth reversal area. There are two alternatives for this. Either a second securing bolt is used or a fixing hook is provided. In the installed state, either the second and the sixth reversal area are in contact with the second securing bolt, the second securing bolt being inserted between the second and sixth reversing area of the anchoring stirrup and the reinforcing bar of the reinforcement layer and so the Secures the anchoring bracket in its position. Alternatively, either the second or the sixth reversal area is in contact with the fixing hook, the fixing hook engaging around a reinforcing rod of the reinforcement layer and thus securing the anchoring stirrup in its position.

When assembling the formwork system according to the invention, in a first step the anchoring stirrup is placed on a reinforcement bar of the lower reinforcement layer in such a way that the fourth reversal area rests on the reinforcement bar and the third and fifth reversal area are arranged in the vertical direction below the reinforcement bar. Then the first securing bolt is inserted through the gap formed by the reinforcing bar on which the anchoring stirrup is placed and the third and fifth reversal areas of the anchoring stirrup, which are located vertically below the reinforcing bar.

Now, in the area of the first reversal area of the anchoring stirrup, a pressure oriented in the direction of the lower, horizontally arranged reinforcement layer is exerted on the anchoring stirrup. This pressure is exerted as long and with such force until the second and sixth reversal areas are arranged in the vertical direction below the reinforcing bar of the reinforcement layer on which the anchoring stirrup was placed with its fourth reversal area. In this state, the anchoring stirrup is fixed to the lower reinforcement layer under tension. As already described, this is done either using a second securing bolt or using a fixing hook. In the case of a second securing bolt, this is inserted between the second and the sixth reversal area of the anchoring bracket and the reinforcement bar of the reinforcement layer. Since the anchoring stirrup is under tension, it tries to move upwards against the previously exerted pressure, but this is prevented by the securing bolt. Due to this restoring force, the anchoring stirrup exerts an upward pressure force on the securing bolt in the area of its second and sixth reversal area, which in turn transfers this pressure force to the reinforcement bar on which the anchoring stirrup was placed. In this case, when installed, the second and sixth reversal areas are in contact with the second securing bolt and the anchoring bracket is secured in its position.

Alternatively, a fixing hook is hooked into a reinforcing bar of the lower reinforcement layer, this reinforcing bar being located in the vertical direction below the reinforcing bar on which the anchoring stirrup was placed with its fourth reversal area. Since the anchoring stirrup is also under tension in this case, it tries to push itself upwards against the previously exerted pressure to move, but this is prevented by the fixing hook. As a result of this restoring force, the anchoring bracket exerts an upwardly oriented tensile force on the fixing hook. The fixing hook is located in the area of the second or sixth reversal area of the anchoring bracket, which is why the power transmission from the anchoring bracket to the fixing hook takes place in this area. The fixing hook, in turn, transfers the tensile force to the reinforcing bar in which it is hooked. In this case, when installed, the second or sixth reversal area is in contact with the fixing hook and the anchoring bracket is secured in its position.

In this state, the anchoring stirrup is securely fixed to the reinforcement. In its section lying between the second and the sixth reversal area, the anchoring stirrup protrudes upwards in the vertical direction beyond the reinforcement layer. This section protruding from the lower reinforcement layer comprises the first reversal area of the anchoring stirrup and is preferably oriented essentially perpendicular to the reinforcement layer. Other orientations are also conceivable, but the recess of the formwork element, which is described in more detail below, is preferably designed in such a way that after the section of the anchoring bracket comprising the first reversal area of the anchoring bracket has been pushed into the recess, the formwork element is aligned essentially perpendicular to the reinforcement layer . In principle, orientations of the formwork element to the reinforcement layer that deviate from the vertical are also conceivable, but these are known to occur much less frequently in practice.

According to the invention, the formwork element has at least one recess into which the rear anchoring bracket engages at least with its first reversal area in the installed state. In this case, the anchoring stirrup comes into operative connection with the formwork element in such a way that the formwork element is securely fixed in its position. The recess provided on the formwork element can in principle have any design. It only has to meet the condition that the anchoring bracket with its section comprising the first reversal area can be pushed or plugged into the recess and thus enters into an operative connection with it, through which the formwork element is securely fixed in its position.

This completes the installation of the formwork system according to the invention. The entire structure does not require a welding process. The fastening of the anchoring bracket to the lower reinforcement layer can be carried out in a few simple steps. Finally, the formwork element only needs from above to the The stop provided on the anchoring bracket can be attached and is immediately secure, firmly and permanently fixed in its position.

The anchoring bracket is preferably a closed steel wire loop. Steel wire is an inexpensive, always readily available raw product, which also enables the uncomplicated manufacture of the anchoring stirrup in its desired shape, as already described above.

The first and / or the second securing bolt are preferably formed by a reinforcing steel bar. In this case too, advantages result from the fact that steel wire is an inexpensive, always readily available raw product that can be processed in a simple manner to produce a suitable securing bolt.

The first and / or the second securing bolt particularly preferably have an eyelet, the anchoring stirrup being guided through the eyelet or through the eyelets. In this case, the securing bolt is inseparably connected to the anchoring bracket. After placing the anchoring bracket on the reinforcement bar, the locking bolt is immediately at hand and can be inserted between the reinforcement bar and the third and fifth reversal areas of the anchoring bracket located vertically below the reinforcement bar. The same applies to the previously described fixation of the anchoring bracket under tension by inserting the second securing bolt between the reinforcement bar and the second and sixth reversal areas of the anchoring bracket located vertically below the reinforcement bar.

According to a further preferred embodiment, the first and / or the second securing bolt is in each case designed as a terminal section of a bracket element. By means of an essentially U-shaped bracket element with a shorter leg forming the securing bolt and a longer leg serving as a handle for the user, each of the two securing bolts can be placed in a particularly simple manner between the reinforcing bar and those located below the reinforcing bar in the vertical direction Reversal areas of the anchoring bracket.

The fixing hook particularly preferably has an eyelet, the anchoring bracket being guided through the eyelet. In this case, the fixing hook is inseparably connected to the anchoring bracket. When fixing the back anchorage bracket under tension, the fixing hook is immediately at hand and can be hooked into a reinforcement bar of the lower reinforcement layer as described.

At this point it should be mentioned that the formwork system according to the invention is described below in connection with the construction of a floor / ceiling panel, but that the formwork system can also be used in connection with wall-floor / ceiling joints and wall-wall joints.

According to a preferred embodiment, the flat formwork part has openings. The openings in the flat formwork part are advantageously large enough on the one hand to ensure a durable and stable connection of the concrete of the two adjacent concreting sections, but on the other hand are not so large that the concrete of the first concreting section can flow through the openings.

Particularly preferably, the flat formwork part consists of a metal grid made up of transverse and longitudinal bars and an expanded metal panel connected to the bars of the metal grid, the expanded metal panel being arranged between the transverse and longitudinal bars of the metal grid. The cross bars of the metal grid are preferably welded to the longitudinal bars of the metal grid at their crossing points. Depending on the type of use of the formwork element, the thickness of the transverse and longitudinal bars of the metal grid and the distance between the transverse and longitudinal bars can be optimized. The higher the concrete pressure to be expected on the formwork element, the thicker the individual bars have to be dimensioned or the smaller the spacing between the transverse and longitudinal bars of the metal grid. The ones from the EP 507 054 A1 known formwork elements combine various favorable properties in this context.

The formwork element preferably comprises at least two longitudinal bars as additional stiffening elements on the rear side of the flat formwork part. The stability and rigidity of the formwork element is increased by the longitudinal bars. As an alternative or in addition to the longitudinal bars, the formwork element preferably comprises a lattice girder attached to the rear side of the flat formwork part as a further stiffening element. The stability and rigidity of the formwork element are further strengthened by a lattice girder. Such formwork parts and processes for their production are from the EP 507 054 A1 known.

According to a particularly preferred embodiment of the present invention, the formwork element has at least two recesses, namely a first Recess and a second recess, the two recesses being arranged in alignment one above the other in the vertical direction. In the installed state, the anchoring bracket engages at least with its first reversal area in the two recesses of the formwork element and is in operative connection with the formwork element in such a way that the formwork element is securely fixed in its position. By inserting the anchoring bracket into two recesses of the formwork element arranged one above the other, the stability of the fixing of the formwork element is significantly improved. The forces acting on the formwork element during the concreting process can be better transferred to the anchoring stirrup and subsequently into the reinforcement layer via the enlarged contact area between the formwork element and the anchoring stirrup.

As already mentioned, the recess or the recesses provided on the formwork element can in principle be designed completely arbitrarily. All that has to be fulfilled is the condition that the anchoring stirrup with its section comprising the first reversal area can be pushed or inserted into the recess (s) and thus enters into an operative connection through which the formwork element is securely fixed in its position. Preferably, a first curved rod is provided which is fastened to a first transverse rod of the formwork element and runs essentially parallel to the first transverse rod, the first recess being formed between the first transverse rod and the first curved rod. Particularly preferred is a second, curved rod attached to a second transverse rod of the formwork element and running essentially parallel to the second transverse rod, the second recess being formed between the second transverse rod and the second curved rod. In the practical implementation, slightly curved reinforcing bars, so-called hat brackets, are welded to the transverse bars of the formwork element to implement these embodiments. The anchoring bracket with its section encompassing the first reversal area is pushed into the resulting narrow slot between the formwork element and the hat bracket, and the formwork element as a whole is slipped onto the anchoring bracket.

As already mentioned, several recesses arranged one above the other lead to improved stability of the formwork element. Of course, depending on the dimensions of the concrete structure to be erected and the expected concrete pressure, recesses arranged next to one another in the horizontal direction can also be provided on the formwork element. In this case, a corresponding number of back anchoring stirrups are fixed next to each other on different reinforcing bars of the lower reinforcement layer. With a correspondingly suitable spacing of the recesses and back anchoring brackets, the formwork element can now open several anchoring brackets can be attached. The horizontal distance between the recesses is flexible and decreases with increasing concrete pressure. If necessary, the recesses are formed over the entire length of the formwork element in order to freely position the position of the anchoring system and to be able to comply with on-site constrained points. This ensures a further improved, secure fixing of the formwork element.

If only one recess is provided on the formwork element in the vertical direction, the recess is particularly preferably arranged in the area of the lower edge of the formwork element, that is, adjacent to the lower reinforcement layer. In this way, a particularly secure fixing of the formwork element is achieved.

In the case of recesses arranged one above the other in the vertical direction, the second recess is particularly preferably located at a maximum vertical distance of 150 mm from the first recess. In this case, the anchoring bracket is present with its section comprising the first reversal area pushed into both recesses and thus enters into an operative connection with the formwork element, whereby the formwork element is securely fixed in its position.

According to a further, particularly preferred embodiment of the present invention, the anchoring bracket has a seventh and an eighth reversal area. The seventh reversal area is arranged between the second reversal area and the third reversal area and the eighth reversal area is arranged between the fifth reversal area and the sixth reversal area. In the installed state, the seventh and eighth reversal areas are arranged in the vertical direction above the reinforcement bar of the reinforcement layer. Due to these two additional reversal areas, the anchoring stirrup has a further bend, which means that the anchoring stirrup can also be installed safely and securely when the top layer of reinforcement bars of the lower reinforcement layer is oriented parallel to the formwork element. In this case, the anchoring stirrup must be attached in the second layer, seen from above, to reinforcing bars that run perpendicular to the formwork element.

As will be explained in more detail below in conjunction with the figures, the flat formwork part, which is essentially perpendicular to the reinforcement layer in the installed state, separates a first concreting section from a second concreting section. Particular advantages result if the at least one recess or the at least two recesses of the formwork element are arranged in the second concreting section. The rear anchoring bracket pushed into the recess (s) with its section encompassing the first reversal area In this case, it encompasses the formwork part and supports it on its rear side facing away from the first concreting section. The formwork part can thus withstand the pressure exerted by the concrete of the first concreting section even better.

Brief description of the drawings

Fig. 1

einen vertikalen Schnitt durch eine Bodenplatte mit dem erfindungsgemäßen Schalungssystem;

Fig. 2

einen Rückverankerungsbügel mit Sicherungsbolzen und Fixierungshaken;

Fig. 3

eine vergrößerte Darstellung des Bereichs der Befestigung des Rückverankerungsbügels an der Bewehrung;

Fig. 4A

schematisch einen Ausschnitt der unteren Bewehrungslage beim Anbringen des Rückverankerungsbügels unter Spannung durch Ausübung einer Druckkraft auf den Rückverankerungsbügel;

Fig. 4B

eine vergrößerte Darstellung des Bereichs der Befestigung des Fixierungshakens an der Bewehrung;

Fig. 5

einen an der Bewehrung befestigten Rückverankerungsbügel mit einem ersten Sicherungsbolzen und einen in Form eines Bügelelements ausgebildeten zweiten Sicherungsbolzen;

Fig. 6A

eine vergrößerte Darstellung des Bereichs der ersten und der zweiten Ausnehmung des Schalungselements;

Fig. 6B

eine vergrößerte Darstellung des an der Bewehrung befestigten Rückverankerungsbügels mit daran befestigtem Schalungselement bei horizontal orientierter Blickrichtung auf das Schalungselement;

Fig. 7

eine vergrößerte Darstellung des Rückverankerungsbügels mit daran befestigtem Schalungselement bei seitlicher Blickrichtung auf das Schalungselement;

Fig. 8

schematisch eine weitere Ausführungsform eines Rückverankerungsbügels;

Fig. 9

einen vertikalen Schnitt durch eine Bodenplatte mit einer weiteren Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen Schalungssystem.

The invention is to be explained in more detail below on the basis of exemplary embodiments in connection with the drawings. However, it is expressly pointed out that the invention is not intended to be restricted to the examples given. Show it

Fig. 1

a vertical section through a base plate with the formwork system according to the invention;

Fig. 2

a back anchoring bracket with safety bolts and fixing hooks;

Fig. 3

an enlarged view of the area of the attachment of the back anchorage bracket to the reinforcement;

Figure 4A

schematically a section of the lower reinforcement layer when attaching the anchoring bracket under tension by exerting a compressive force on the anchoring bracket;

Figure 4B

an enlarged view of the area of attachment of the fixing hook to the reinforcement;

Fig. 5

a back anchoring stirrup fastened to the reinforcement and having a first securing bolt and a second securing bolt in the form of a hoop element;

Figure 6A

an enlarged view of the area of the first and the second recess of the formwork element;

Figure 6B

an enlarged view of the anchoring stirrup attached to the reinforcement with the formwork element attached to it with a horizontally oriented view of the formwork element;

Fig. 7

an enlarged view of the anchoring bracket with attached formwork element when looking from the side on the formwork element;

Fig. 8

schematically a further embodiment of a back anchoring bracket;

Fig. 9

a vertical section through a base plate with a further embodiment of the formwork system according to the invention.

Ways of Carrying Out the Invention

the Figure 1 shows a vertical section through a base plate. The lower reinforcement layer 6, the upper reinforcement layer 16, a formwork element 1 and a back anchoring bracket 8 are shown. The formwork element 1 comprises a flat formwork part 3 with a front side facing the first concreting section BA1 and a rear side facing the second concreting section BA2. The flat formwork part 3 consists of a metal grid made up of transverse 14 and longitudinal bars 15 and a panel 17 made of expanded metal connected to the bars of the metal grid (see FIG Figure 6B ). As transverse and longitudinal bars, for example, bars made of structural steel can be used, as they are also used for reinforcement mats or the like. The sheet 17 made of expanded metal is arranged between the transverse 14 and the longitudinal bars 15 of the metal grid. On the back of the flat formwork part 3, a lattice girder 19 is attached as an additional stiffening element.

In the schematic representation of the Figure 1 the rear anchoring stirrup 8 is also shown, which is attached to the lower reinforcement layer 6 with the aid of a first 5.1 and a second 5.2 securing bolt. The section of the anchoring bracket 8 running in the vertical direction parallel to the flat formwork part 3 can also be seen, which is inserted into the at least one recess of the formwork element 1 arranged on the rear side of the formwork element 1 facing the second concreting section BA2. The recess of the formwork element 1 is in the Figure 1 not shown, but will be explained in more detail below.

the Figure 2 shows a back anchoring system 2 comprising a back anchoring bracket 8, a first securing bolt 5.1 and a fixing hook 4. The rear anchoring bracket 8, which is in the form of a closed steel wire loop, comprises a first reversal area 8.1, a second reversal area 8.2, a third reversal area 8.3, a fourth reversal area 8.4, a fifth reversal area 8.5 and a sixth reversal area 8.6. The curvatures of the reversal areas 8.1, 8.4 of the anchoring stirrup are adapted to the dimensioning of the reinforcement so that the distance between the second reversal area 8.2 and the sixth reversal area 8.6 and the distance between the third reversal area 8.3 and the fifth reversal area 8.5 roughly correspond to the diameter of the reinforcing bar on which As will be explained in more detail below, the anchoring bracket 8 is placed. The second 8.2 and sixth 8.6 reversal area and the third 8.3 and fifth 8.5 reversal area have identical radii of curvature, which is why the anchoring bracket 8 has a plane of symmetry which intersects the first 8.1 and fourth 8.4 reversal area and the second 8.2 and sixth 8.6 reversal area and the third 8.3 and fifth 8.5 reversal area each mapped onto one another.

The first securing bolt 5.1 formed from a reinforcing steel bar is equipped with an eyelet 12 (see also Figure 3 ) through which the anchoring bracket 8 is guided. The first securing bolt 5.1 and the anchoring bracket 8 are inseparably connected to one another.

The fixing hook 4 is also formed from a reinforcing steel rod and equipped with an eyelet 13 through which the anchoring bracket 8 is guided. Fixation hooks 4 and anchoring bracket 8 are inseparably connected to one another.

In the Figure 3 the area of attachment of the anchoring bracket 8 to the lower reinforcement layer 6 is shown enlarged. The lower reinforcement layer 6 is shown in the form of four layers of reinforcing bars, the individual layers of reinforcing bars each consisting of reinforcing bars running essentially parallel to one another, the reinforcing bars of successive layers, however, each essentially perpendicular to the reinforcing bars of the layer below or above Reinforcing bars are oriented. The entire reinforcement layer can also be made up of reinforcement mats in the usual way.

The anchoring stirrup 8 is first placed on the reinforcement bar 22 of the lower reinforcement layer 6 in such a way that the fourth 8.4 reversal area rests on the reinforcement bar 22 and the third 8.3 and fifth 8.5 reversal area are arranged in the vertical direction below the reinforcement bar 22.

The curvature of the fourth reversal area 8.4 of the anchoring bracket 8 is adapted to the dimensioning of the reinforcement. After placing the back anchoring bracket 8 on the reinforcement bar 22, the first securing bolt 5.1 is through the gap that the reinforcement bar 22 on which the Anchoring bracket 8 is placed, and the third 8.3 and fifth 8.5 reversal area of the anchoring bracket 8, which are located below the reinforcing bar 22 in the vertical direction, are inserted. The situation with the inserted first safety bolt 5.1 is in the Figure 4A shown.

the Figure 4A shows the installation step in which, in the area of the first reversal area 8.1 of the anchoring bracket 8, a pressure D oriented in the direction of the lower, horizontally arranged reinforcement layer 6 is exerted on the anchoring bracket 8. This pressure D is exerted so long and with such a force until the second 8.2 and the sixth 8.6 reversal area are arranged in the vertical direction below the reinforcement bar 22 of the reinforcement layer 6. The anchoring stirrup 8 with its fourth reversal area 8.4 was placed on the reinforcing bar 22. In this state, the anchoring stirrup 8 is fixed to the lower reinforcement layer 6 under tension.

This is done as in Figure 4B shown, with the help of the fixing hook 4. This fixing hook 4 is hooked into the reinforcement bar 24 of the lower reinforcement layer 6, the reinforcement bar 24 being in the vertical direction below the reinforcement bar 22 on which the anchoring bracket 8 was placed with its fourth reversal area 8.4. Since the anchoring bracket 8 is under tension, it tries to move upwards against the previously exerted pressure, but this is prevented by the fixing hook 4. As a result of this restoring force, the anchoring bracket 8 exerts an upwardly oriented tensile force on the fixing hook 4. The fixing hook 4 is located in the area of the sixth reversal area 8.6 of the anchoring bracket 8, which is why the force is transmitted from the anchoring bracket 8 to the fixing hook 4 in this area. The fixing hook 4 in turn transmits the tensile force to the reinforcing bar 24 in which it is hooked. The sixth reversal area 8.6 is thus in contact with the fixing hook 4 and the anchoring bracket 8 is secured in its position.

Figure 5 shows an installation situation analogous to Figure 4B . The anchoring stirrup 8 is fixed to the lower reinforcement layer 6 under tension. The anchoring stirrup 8 was placed with its fourth reversal area 8.4 on the reinforcing bar 22. The first securing bolt 5.1 was then inserted through the space formed by the reinforcing bar 22 and the third 8.3 and fifth 8.5 reversal area of the anchoring bracket 8. As already described, a pressure oriented in the direction of the lower, horizontally arranged reinforcement layer 6 was subsequently exerted on the anchoring bracket 8 in the area of the first reversal area 8.1 of the anchoring bracket 8. To secure the anchoring bracket 8 under Tension on the lower reinforcement layer 6, a second securing bolt 5.2 is used in this case. The firm, secure and permanent anchoring of the anchoring bracket 8 to the lower reinforcement layer 6 can be seen immediately.

The second securing bolt 5.2 is designed as a terminal section of a bracket element 18. The essentially U-shaped bracket element 18 has a shorter leg forming the second securing bolt 5.2 and a longer leg serving as a handle for the user. The user can grip the bracket element 18 by the longer leg and insert the shorter leg between the reinforcement bar 22 on which the anchoring bracket 8 is placed and the second 8.2 and sixth 8.6 reversal area of the anchoring bracket 8 located in the vertical direction below the reinforcement bar 22. The shorter leg now forms the second securing bolt 5.2 and takes over its function.

the Figure 6A shows an enlarged representation of the formwork element 1. The formwork element 1 has a flat formwork part 3, which consists of a metal grid made up of transverse 14 and longitudinal bars 15 and a panel 17 made of expanded metal connected to the bars of the metal grid (see FIG Figure 6B ). The sheet 17 made of expanded metal is arranged between the transverse 14 and the longitudinal bars 15 of the metal grid.

In the Figure 6A a first curved rod 23.1 that is fastened to a first transverse rod 14.1 of the formwork element 1 and runs essentially parallel to the first transverse rod 14.1 can be seen. The first recess 20 is formed between the first transverse rod 14.1 and the first curved rod 23.1. The bar 23.1 is a reinforcing bar in the form of a hat bracket, which was welded to the cross bar 14.1 of the formwork element 1. In the vertical direction above the first curved rod 23.1, a second curved rod 23.2 is provided which is fastened to the second transverse rod 14.2 of the formwork element 1 and runs essentially parallel to the second transverse rod 14.2. The second recess 21 is formed between the second transverse rod 14.2 and the second curved rod 23.2. The second bar 23.2 is also a reinforcing bar in the form of a hat bracket, which was welded to the transverse bar 14.2 of the formwork element 1.

Figure 6B shows an enlarged view of the anchoring bracket 8 fastened to the reinforcement layer 6 with the shuttering element 1 fastened to it. The viewing direction is oriented horizontally in the direction of the shuttering element 1. The anchoring stirrup 8, its fourth reversal area 8.4 resting on the reinforcing bar 22 and the first securing bolt 5.1 can be clearly seen. In the area of the flat formwork part 3, the first reversal area 8.1 encompassing is in the vertical direction Recognizable upward over the reinforcement layer 6 protruding portion of the anchoring bracket 8. This section of the anchoring bracket 8 protruding above the reinforcement layer 6 is inserted into the two narrow slots between the first cross bar 14.1 and the first curved bar 23.1 or between the second cross bar 14.2 and the second curved bar 23.2. The entire formwork element 1 is thus attached to the anchoring bracket 8 and is immediately fixed in its position securely, firmly and permanently.

the Figure 7 also shows an enlarged view of the anchoring bracket 8 with the formwork element 1 attached to it. In the area of the flat formwork part 3, the section of the anchoring bracket 8 which encompasses the first reversal area 8.1 and projects upward in the vertical direction beyond the reinforcement layer 6 can be seen. This section of the anchoring bracket 8 protruding above the reinforcement layer 6 is inserted into the two narrow slots between the first cross bar 14.1 and the first curved bar 23.1 or between the second cross bar 14.2 and the second curved bar 23.2. The rear anchoring bracket 8 pushed into the recesses 20, 21 with its section encompassing the first reversal area 8.1 engages around the formwork part 3 and supports it on its rear side facing away from the first concreting section BA1. Thus, the entire formwork element 1 is attached to the anchoring bracket 8 and is immediately securely, firmly and permanently fixed in its position, the formwork element 1 being that of the concrete due to the recesses 20, 21 arranged in the second concreting section BA2 and the anchoring bracket 8 inserted therein first concreting section BA1 can withstand even better pressure.

Finally shows the Figure 8 Another embodiment of a back anchoring bracket 8, which is designed in the form of a closed steel wire loop and has a first reversal area 8.1, a second reversal area 8.2, a third reversal area 8.3, a fourth reversal area 8.4, a fifth reversal area 8.5, a sixth reversal area 8.6, a seventh reversal area 8.7 and an eighth reversal area 8.8. In contrast to those related to the Figures 1 to 7 As discussed above, the anchoring bracket shown here also has a seventh 8.7 and an eighth 8.8 reversal area. The seventh reversal area 8.7 is arranged between the second reversal area 8.2 and the third reversal area 8.3 and the eighth reversal area 8.8 is arranged between the fifth reversal area 8.5 and the sixth reversal area 8.6.

In the exemplary embodiment shown here, too, the curvatures of the reversal areas 8.1, 8.4 of the anchoring bracket 8 are adapted to the dimensioning of the reinforcement so that the distance between the second reversal area 8.2 and the sixth reversal area 8.6 and the distance between the third reversal area 8.3 and fifth reversal area 8.5 and also the The distance between the seventh 8.7 and eighth 8.8 reversal area corresponds approximately to the diameter of the reinforcing bar 22 on which the anchoring bracket 8 is placed. The second 8.2 and sixth 8.6 reversal area and the third 8.3 and fifth 8.5 reversal area and also the seventh 8.7 and eighth 8.8 reversal area have identical radii of curvature, which is why the anchoring bracket 8 has a plane of symmetry that intersects the first 8.1 and fourth 8.4 reversal area and the second 8.2 and sixth 8.6 reversal area as well as the third 8.3 and fifth 8.5 reversal area and also the seventh 8.7 and eighth 8.8 reversal area each mapped onto one another.

Based on Figure 9 it can be seen that the two additional reversal areas 8.7, 8.8, due to which the anchoring stirrup 8 has a further bend, have the effect that the anchoring stirrup 8 can also be installed safely and securely when the top layer 6.1 on reinforcing bars of the lower reinforcement layer 6 is parallel to the Formwork element 1 is oriented. In this case, the anchoring stirrup 8 must be fastened in the second layer 6.2, seen from above, to reinforcing bars which run perpendicular to the formwork element 1. It can also be clearly seen that in the installed state the seventh 8.7 and eighth 8.8 reversal areas are located in the vertical direction above the reinforcement bar 22 of the reinforcement layer.

List of reference symbols

BA 1

first concreting section

BA 2

second concreting section

1

Formwork element

2

Anchoring system

3

Formwork part

4th

Fixation hook

5.1

first safety bolt

5.2

second safety bolt

6th

lower reinforcement layer

6.1

top layer of reinforcement bars of the lower reinforcement layer 6

6.2

Seen from above, second layer of reinforcing bars of the lower reinforcement layer 6

8th

Anchoring bracket

8.1

first reversal area of the anchoring bracket

8.2

second reversal area of the anchoring bracket

8.3

third reversal area of the anchoring bracket

8.4

fourth reversal area of the anchoring bracket

8.5

fifth reversal area of the anchoring bracket

8.6

sixth reversal area of the anchoring bracket

8.7

seventh reversal area of the anchoring bracket

8.8

eighth reversal area of the anchoring bracket

12th

Eye of the securing bolt

13th

Fixing hook eyelet

14th

Cross bar

14.1

first cross bar

14.2

second cross bar

15th

Longitudinal bar

16

upper reinforcement layer

17th

Expanded metal sheet

18th

Bracket element

19th

Lattice girder

20th

first recess

21

second recess

22nd

Rebar

23.1

first curved rod

23.2

second curved rod

24

Rebar

D.

pressure

Claims (12)

Having formwork system for concrete construction - A formwork element (1), wherein the formwork element (1) comprises a flat formwork part (3) which, in the installed state, is essentially perpendicular to a reinforcement layer (6) and - At least one anchoring system (2), the anchoring system (2) having - a back anchor bracket (8) and - a first (5.1) and a second (5.2) securing bolt or a first securing bolt (5.1) and a fixing hook (4), wherein the anchoring stirrup (8) in the installed state encompasses a reinforcement bar (22) of the reinforcement layer (6),
wherein the anchoring bracket (8) has at least - A first reversal area (8.1), wherein in the installed state the first reversal area (8.1) is arranged in the vertical direction above the reinforcement bar (22) of the reinforcement layer (6), - A second (8.2) and a sixth (8.6) reversal area, the second (8.2) and the sixth (8.6) reversal area being arranged in the vertical direction below the reinforcement bar (22) of the reinforcement layer (6) in the installed state, and - the second (8.2) and the sixth (8.6) reversal area are in contact with the second securing bolt (5.2), the second securing bolt (5.2) in the installed state between the second (8.2) and the sixth (8.6) reversal area of the anchoring bracket ( 8) and the reinforcement bar (22) of the reinforcement layer (6) is inserted and thus secures the anchoring bracket (8) in its position,
or - The second (8.2) or the sixth (8.6) reversal area is in contact with the fixing hook (4), the fixing hook (4) encompassing a reinforcing rod (24) of the reinforcement layer (6) and thus the anchoring bracket (8) in its position ensures - A third (8.3) and a fifth (8.5) reversal area, wherein in the installed state at least part of the third (8.3) and part of the fifth (8.5) reversal area are arranged in the vertical direction below the reinforcing bar (22) of the reinforcement layer (6) and the third (8.3) and fifth (8.5) reversal area are in contact with the first safety bolt (5.1), the first safety bolt (5.1) in the installed state between the third (8.3) and the fifth (8.5) The reverse area of the anchoring stirrup (8) and the reinforcement bar (22) of the reinforcement layer (6) are inserted, - A fourth reversal area (8.4), the fourth reversal area (8.4) being arranged in the vertical direction above the reinforcement bar (22) of the reinforcement layer (6) and the fourth reversal area (8.4) with the reinforcement bar (22) of the reinforcement layer ( 6) is in contact, wherein the formwork element (1) has at least one recess (20) and the anchoring bracket (8) in the installed state at least with its first reversal area (8.1) engages in the recess (20) of the formwork element (1) and the anchoring bracket (8) with it the formwork element (1) comes into operative connection that the formwork element (1) is securely fixed in its position. Formwork system according to Claim 1, characterized in that the anchoring bracket (8) is a closed steel wire loop. Formwork system according to one of Claims 1 or 2, characterized in that the first (5.1) and / or the second (5.2) securing bolt has an eyelet (12), the anchoring bracket (8) being guided through the eyelet (12). Formwork system according to one of Claims 1 or 2, characterized in that the first (5.1) and / or the second (5.2) securing bolt is designed as a terminal section of a bracket element (18). Formwork system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the fixing hook (4) has an eyelet (13), the anchoring bracket (8) being guided through the eyelet (13). Formwork system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the flat formwork part (3) consists of a metal grid made up of transverse (14) and longitudinal bars (15) and a panel (17) made of expanded metal connected to the bars of the metal grid, the Plate (17) made of expanded metal is arranged between the transverse (14) and the longitudinal bars (15) of the metal grid. Formwork system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the formwork element (1) has longitudinal bars attached to the back of the flat formwork part (3) and / or a lattice girder (19) attached to the back of the flat formwork part (3) as an additional stiffening element. Formwork system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the formwork element (1) has at least two recesses (20, 21), namely a first recess (20) and a second recess (21), the two recesses (20, 21) are arranged in alignment one above the other in the vertical direction and the anchoring bracket (8) in the installed state engages at least with its first reversal area (8.1) in the two recesses (20, 21) of the formwork element (1) and the anchoring bracket (8) with the formwork element ( 1) comes into operative connection that the formwork element (1) is securely fixed in its position. Formwork system according to one of Claims 6 to 8, characterized in that a first curved rod (23.1) which is fastened to a first transverse rod (14.1) and runs essentially parallel to the first transverse rod (14.1) is provided, the first recess (20 ) is formed between the first cross bar (14.1) and the first curved bar (23.1). Formwork system according to claim 9, characterized in that a second curved rod (23.2) is provided which is fastened to a second transverse rod (14.2) and runs essentially parallel to the second transverse rod (14.2), the second recess (21) between the second cross bar (14.2) and the second curved bar (23.2) is formed. Formwork system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the anchoring bracket (8) has a seventh (8.7) and an eighth (8.8) reversal area, the seventh reversal area (8.7) between the second reversal area (8.2) and the third reversal area (8.3 ), the eighth reversal area (8.8) being arranged between the fifth reversal area (8.5) and the sixth reversal area (8.6), with the seventh (8.7) and eighth (8.8) reversal area in the vertical direction above the reinforcing bar in the installed state (22) of the reinforcement layer (6) are arranged. Formwork system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the flat formwork part (3), which is essentially perpendicular to the reinforcement layer (6) in the installed state, separates a first concreting section (BA1) from a second concreting section (BA2), the at least one recess (20) or the at least two recesses (20, 21) of the formwork element (1) are arranged in the second concreting section (BA2).

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