EP3561199A1 - Connection element for formworks and method of connecting the formworks - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for connecting formwork elements of a formwork to a connecting element, the formwork being intended for encasing concrete. The invention also relates to a connecting element for carrying out the method. The present invention is intended to enable adjacent formwork elements of wall or ceiling formwork to be firmly connected to one another in a technically simple manner. The object is achieved by a method for connecting two formwork elements, with each Formwork element comprises a formwork skin and a frame made of metal and attached to the formwork skin. Each frame has a groove. There are openings in the bottom of the groove that lead through the frame. A connector includes a first rod and a second rod connected to the first rod. Preferably there is also a third rod. The second and optionally the third rod initially protrude laterally from the first rod in the same direction. In a first step, the first and the second formwork element are arranged adjacently in such a way that an opening in the first formwork element adjoins an opening in the second formwork element. A rod can then be pushed through these two openings. The second rod is pushed through the two adjoining openings as much as possible. For a firm connection, the connecting element is then pivoted so that the two frames and thus the two formwork elements are firmly connected to one another by the first and second rod.

Description

The invention relates to a method for connecting formwork elements of a formwork with a connecting element, wherein the formwork is provided for a concrete sheathing. The invention also relates to a connecting element for carrying out the method.

Formwork is formed by a plurality of formwork elements. Each formwork element comprises a formwork panel. A formwork panel may for example consist of wood or plastic. A formwork element includes as protection for the formwork panel a frame that can be made of steel. On the back of a formwork panel usually consisting of metal supporting elements such as longitudinal and transverse beams are attached, which provide the required mechanical stability. A formwork panel may be attached to the frame and support members by nails, screws or rivets. Formwork elements comprising a formwork panel and a frame for the formwork panel are known from the documents DE 02848154 A1 such as DE 102004050564 A1 known.

From the EP 2 037 057 A2 It is known to use formwork for the production of walls and ceilings. A formwork for the production of a wall must be able to cope with a higher pressure than a formwork for a ceiling. Therefore shuttering elements for the production of a wall are usually stable and resilient than formwork elements for the production of a ceiling. Formwork for the production of walls can also be used for the production of ceilings. Formwork intended for the production of ceilings are not suitable for reasons of stability for the production of walls.

Formwork consist of a plurality of formwork elements which are fastened together by fasteners. From the pamphlets DE 35 17 307 A1 such as DE 10 2012 214 396 A1 are known fasteners for such attachment of adjacent formwork elements. These fasteners comprise two jaws that can be tensioned with a tensioning mechanism. The jaws are sufficient for connection into lateral grooves of two adjacent frame members. Such fasteners can connect two formwork very reliable. Due to the clamping mechanism, however, these are technically relatively expensive to produce. The bracing also takes a relatively long time.

For the production of a wall, the two sides of a wall to be produced by wall formworks are limited. The front of each wall formwork then adjoins the concrete with its formwork. Opposite wall formwork according to the invention are generally held by a plurality of anchor systems according to the invention. The anchor rods of the anchor systems are inserted through openings in the wall formworks and fastened at their ends to the respective formwork skin supporting elements by means of locking devices so that at least the force acting on the anchor rods during concreting tensile force is absorbed. These openings passing through the wall formwork are also called anchor rod bores. Each wall formwork can be formed from a plurality of wall formwork elements, which are fixedly connected to one another by connecting elements.

For the production of a ceiling formwork elements are assembled box-shaped, the length and width of the box shape is usually much larger than the height of the side walls of the box shape.

By the present invention, adjacent formwork elements of wall or ceiling formwork to be able to be firmly connected to each other in a technically simple manner.

A method comprises for achieving the object the features of the main claim. The object is achieved by a connecting element which comprises the features of the independent claim. Another claim comprises a system with two shuttering elements and the connecting element. Advantageous embodiments emerge from the subclaims.

The object is achieved by a method for connecting two formwork elements, wherein each formwork element a formwork skin and one on the formwork skin attached, consisting of metal frames. The formwork skin can be z. B. by rivets, nails or screws attached to the frame. In principle, each formwork element comprises further supporting elements made of metal. Each frame has a groove. Such a groove is located on the inside of each frame. Openings are present in the groove base, which pass through the frame. A connecting element comprises a first rod and a second rod connected to the first rod. Preferably, there is also a third bar. The second and optionally the third rod are initially from the first rod in the same direction from the side and preferably perpendicular. The second rod forms, together with a portion of the first rod, a type U which serves as a clamp for a firm connection of two formwork elements. The optionally provided third bar resembles a hook. This then serves together with the first rod also as a terminal for a firm connection of two formwork elements.

In a first step, the first and the second formwork element are adjacently arranged such that an opening of the first formwork element adjoins an opening of the second formwork element. It can then be pushed through a rod through these two openings.

The second rod is pushed through the two adjacent openings in the maximum possible way. When this is done, the bottom of the U-like shape passes through the two openings. The two legs of the U-like shape are then located laterally from the two openings. A U-like shape in the context of the present invention is when there are two interconnected rod areas, one of which can be pushed through said openings, then by final pivoting the two bar areas on the two frames laterally tight and the two As a result, frames are firmly connected to each other.

For a firm connection, the connecting element is subsequently pivoted so that the two frames and thus the two formwork elements are firmly connected to each other by the first and second bar. If a third rod is present, which is configured as a clamp, the two frames are also connected by the pivoting by the first and third rod. In particular, the bar areas serving as a clamp exert a pressure on the two frames in the firmly connected state. The corresponding rod areas are therefore preferably pressed apart somewhat elastically by the pivoting, so that the two frames are then pressed and therefore held together particularly stably.

The connecting element is preferably constructed so that the frames of the two shuttering elements are first fixedly connected to each other by the pivoting by the first and second rod and in addition thereto by the first and third rod. The amount of force that can be spent on joining can be kept so low. This is especially true in the event that the corresponding rod areas are pressed apart by the pivoting slightly elastic.

A connecting element provided for carrying out the method comprises a first rod and a second rod connected to the first rod. Optionally, a third bar is available. The second rod together with a portion of the first rod forms a kind U and the optional third rod forms a hook. By the second and third bars are meant portions of the connecting element which are rod-shaped and laterally protrude from an area which is rod-shaped and is therefore called the first bar. Although this connecting element is simple in construction and in particular does not comprise any moving parts which would have to be operated separately for connecting two formwork elements, in most cases such a connecting element can connect two formwork elements with sufficient stability. In many cases, a connecting element with only one clamp, ie the embodiment with the first and second rod is sufficient. If a more stable connection is required, then a connecting element with two terminals is used, that is, the embodiment with the first, second and third bars.

If, in exceptional cases, the two frames can not be joined together sufficiently stably, they are additionally connected to one another by connecting elements known from the prior art which comprise two claws and a clamping mechanism for the claws. The two jaws are sufficient for a connection in the grooves of the two frames and are clamped for a firm connection with the clamping mechanism. The claws then exert a pressure on the two frames, thereby further improving the frames firmly held together become. This design ensures a sufficiently strong cohesion even at very high loads. Nevertheless, the assembly effort and the manufacturing cost of the fasteners is significantly lower compared to the case that only fasteners are used, comprising two jaws and a clamping mechanism for the jaws.

Advantageously, the groove on a slope, which acts as a ramp for the second rod during pivoting, to connect with little effort.

In one embodiment, the first rod has a bend near one end. The bend divides the first bar into a straight long section and a straight short section. For the production then the bending of a rod is sufficient, so that the production is then particularly simple. The rectilinear long portion acts as a lever to pivot the connector for a low effort connection. Therefore, the long portion of the first rod is advantageously more than twice as long, preferably more than four times as long, more preferably more than six times as long as the short portion of the first rod. The rectilinear sections thus reduce the production effort and are therefore not absolutely necessary in order to connect properly.

The short portion of the first rod preferably includes an angle of 120 ° to 160 ° with the long portion. This avoids that the connecting element protrudes in the assembled state excessively far from the frame.

At the short portion of the first rod, the second rod is preferably attached, preferably welded, in order to produce with little technical effort. The second rod is advantageously mounted adjacent to the bend of the first rod, so that the attached end of the second rod has a greater distance from the end of the first rod than the bend, in order to be able to fasten firmly.

The subsequent embodiments contribute to the fact that with little effort and / or with little technical manufacturing effort can be properly connected firmly.

The portion of the first rod that is part of the U-shape advantageously includes an angle with another portion of the first rod that is smaller than an angle enclosed by the other portion of the first rod and a portion of the third rod ,

The first rod is advantageously a round rod, the second rod advantageously has one or two flattened sides and, moreover, is rounded in cross section and / or the third rod is advantageously a round rod.

The second rod and / or the third rod are advantageously divided into a long section and a comparatively short section. The sections are separated by a bend from each other and run advantageous for manufacturing reasons straight.

Preferably, the long portion of the second rod is attached to the first rod and / or the short portion of the third rod is attached to the first rod.

The connecting element is preferably made entirely of steel.

The invention also relates to a system comprising a connecting element according to the invention and two formwork elements. Each formwork element comprises a formwork skin and attached to the formwork, existing metal frame. Each frame has a groove and openings in the groove bottom. The two formwork elements can be firmly connected to each other by the connecting element in such a way that the two formwork elements are firmly connected to one another by the first and second rod and on the other hand by the first and third bar.

In one embodiment, the first bar at the end of a transverse pin, which is not provided with a clamp. Through this cross pin end pieces of sleeves, as these in the German patent application 102018205384.7 be turned out of hardened concrete. The connecting element is used in this embodiment, then as a tool in the context of dismantling a wall formwork.

Further advantages and embodiments will become apparent from the following embodiments. The invention is not limited to the examples.

Figur 1:

perspektivische Ansicht eines Verbindungselements;

Figur 2:

Querschnitt des angeschweißten zweiten Stabs;

Figur 3:

Seitenansicht des Verbindungselements;

Figur 4:

Schnitt durch Schalungselement;

Figur 5:

Ausschnitt von zwei benachbarten Schalungselementen;

Figur 6:

Ausschnitt von zwei benachbarten Schalungselementen im verbunden Zustand;

Figur 7:

Verbinden von zwei Rahmen von Schalungselementen;

Figur 8:

perspektivische Ansicht eines zweiten Ausführungsbeispiels eines Verbindungselements;

Figur 9:

Endstück einer Hülse;

Figur 10:

Hülse.

Show it:

FIG. 1:

perspective view of a connecting element;

FIG. 2:

Cross section of the welded second rod;

FIG. 3:

Side view of the connecting element;

FIG. 4:

Section through formwork element;

FIG. 5:

Section of two adjacent formwork elements;

FIG. 6:

Section of two adjacent formwork elements in the connected state;

FIG. 7:

Joining two frames of formwork elements;

FIG. 8:

perspective view of a second embodiment of a connecting element;

FIG. 9:

End piece of a sleeve;

FIG. 10:

Sleeve.

The FIG. 1 shows a connecting element 1, which consists entirely of steel. The connecting element 1 comprises a metal rod 2, which is a round rod and bent near one end 3, that has a bend 4. The bend 4 divides the first round bar 2 into two rectilinear sections, one section being a long section 5 which is much longer than the other short section 6. The short section 6 has the end 3. The long section 5 of the first round bar 2 has an end with a through hole 7. The hole 7 is used in particular for receiving a bolt, which then represents a transverse bolt, with the aid of an end piece of a sleeve can be unscrewed from a finished wall.

The short section 6 of the first round bar 2 includes with the long section 5 of the first round bar 2 due to the bend 4 an angle φ ₁ , which is between 120 ° and 160 ° and may be for example 140 °.

At the short portion 6, a second steel rod 8 made of steel is welded, adjacent to the bend 4, so that the welded end 9 of the welded second rod 8 has a greater distance from the end 3 of the first round rod 2 than the bend 4.

The welded second rod 8 comprises a right angle bend 10 which also divides the second rod 8 into a long rectilinear portion 11 and a comparatively short rectilinear portion 12. The short straight section 12 of the welded-on second rod 8 runs parallel to the short section 6 of the first round rod 2. The second rod 8, together with the short section 6 of the first round rod 2, forms a U-shape from the weld 9 towards the end 3. The long rectilinear portion 11 forms the bottom of the U-shape. Through the two sections 12 and 6, the legs of the U-shape are provided.

Between the bend 4 of the first round rod 2 and the bore 7, a third bar 13 is welded, which is also a round rod, that has a circular cross-section. The welded third bar 13 is bent at right angles. Its bend 14 divides the welded third bar 13 into a short straight section 15 and a long straight section 16. The short straight section 15 of the welded third bar 13 is parallel to the long section 11 of the welded second bar 8.

The short straight section 15 of the welded third bar 13 is the same length as the long straight section 11 of the welded second bar 8. The long straight section 16 of the welded third bar 13 and the short straight section 12 of the welded second bar 8 are in a common Level. The rod 2 runs parallel to this plane.

The weld of the welded third bar 13 is located closer to the bend 4 of the first round bar 2 than in the hole 7.

The welded second rod 8 has two flattened sides 17. Incidentally, its cross section is rounded, as can be seen from the FIG. 2 it can be seen that shows this cross section.

The FIG. 3 shows a side view of the connecting element 1. The short straight section 6 of the first round bar 2 includes with the long straight section 5 of the first round bar 2 an angle φ ₁ , which is smaller than the angle φ ₂ , of the long straight section 5 of seen from the bore 7 and the long rectilinear portion 16 of the welded third bar 13 is included. Further clarifies the FIG. 3 in that the long straight section 16 of the welded third bar 13 is longer than the short straight section 6 of the first round bar 2.

The FIG. 4 shows a section through a formwork element with a made of wood or plastic formwork 18 and made of steel frame members 19. Each frame member comprises a groove 20 on the frame inside. Through the groove bottom 21 at regular intervals openings 22 pass through, which are drilled and therefore circular. In the FIG. 4 Such a bore 22 is shown only in the left frame member 19. In the connected state is then opposite to the right frame member 19 such a bore 22. Limits two such frame members 19 of two formwork elements to each other, then there is a passage through the two then adjacent holes 22, as shown in the FIG. 5 is shown in section.

In order to connect two adjacent frame members 19 with the connecting element 1, the welded second rod 8 is guided through the two holes 22 until the long straight portion 11 of the welded second rod 8 has been pushed through the two holes 22 in the maximum possible way is. The long rectilinear portion 11 forms the bottom of the U-like shape. The two legs of the U-shape are then laterally of the two holes 22. Subsequently, the round rod 5 is pivoted about the straight long portion 11 of the first welded rod 8 around until both short sections 12 and 16 of the two welded rods 8 and 13 laterally abut the one frame element 19. By pivoting the short section 12 of the welded second rod 8 laterally abut the one frame element and at the same time the opposite U-leg, which is provided by the first round rod 8. Thereafter, the short portion 16 of the welded third bar 13 to the frame member as in FIG. 6 abut shown in a plan. Has been pivoted in the maximum possible way, the two frame members 19 are reliably and stably connected by the connecting element 1 together.

With technically simple means so succeeds a sufficiently strong connection of two frame elements 19. For most applications, the compound is sufficiently strong and stable. As far as this solid compound exceptionally not yet sufficiently cope with the mechanical stress, so usual connection means with clamping mechanisms, as these are known from the prior art, additionally be used. Overall, the technical effort and the time required even then is still low compared to the prior art, are used in the exclusively conventional connection means with clamping mechanisms to connect two frame elements sufficiently stable together.

The FIG. 7 shows the joining of two frames 19 of two formwork elements 19. The second bar 8 has already been completely, so pushed through in a maximum manner by adjacent openings 22 and is located on a now serving as a ramp slope 23 of the groove 20 at. If, for example, the long section 5 of the first round bar 2 is then pivoted manually in the direction of the arrow 24, the short section 12 of the second bar 8 slides up the slope 23 and is thereby slightly bent away from the adjacent frame 19 and thus elastically bent outwards , In this way, first connects the second rod 8 together with the first rod 2, the two frames 19 firmly together. Only then does a further pivoting in the direction of arrow 24, that also the second rod 13 together with the first rod 2 as in the FIG. 6 shown the two frame 19 connects to each other. The angular position and dimensioning of the second rod 13 ensures that this second connection requires no excessive effort.

As the FIG. 7 illustrates, the slope 23 preferably does not reach the base 21 of the groove 20 is sufficient to act as a ramp for the short portion 12 of the second rod 8 so that the slope 23 may have a favorable angle, without the groove 20 thereby excessively broaden. Seen from the groove base 21, the side walls therefore initially extend perpendicularly and open into the bevel 23.

The flattened sides 17 of the second rod 8 facilitate the pivoting of the connecting element. 1

The third bar 13 is not necessarily required for a firm connection and can therefore be omitted. However, the third bar 13 is advantageous if it is to be connected in a particularly stable manner. Instead of the third rod, a short protruding bolt 25 as in the FIG. 8 be shown, which serves as a stop. By the bolt 25 pivoting is suitably limited in the context of a connection and thereby advantageously simplifies handling.

The FIG. 8 further shows a bolt 26 inserted through the hole 7, which protrudes on both sides of the first bar 2 and is fixedly connected to the first bar 2, for example welded.

The FIG. 9 shows a in the German patent application 102018205384.7 described end piece 27 of a sleeve. This sleeve has an inner contour with two bulges 28. In addition, there is a wavy outboard step 29 which causes unscrewing of hardened concrete. A waveform is not absolutely necessary for unscrewing. It is sufficient a slope at such a stage to be able to unscrew. Further details are given in the German patent application 102018205384.7 described. The disclosure of this German patent application, we include. The bolt 26 is dimensioned and arranged so that its two ends can be pushed into the bulges 28. By subsequently rotating the first rod 2 about its longitudinal axis, such an end piece 27 can be unscrewed from a manufactured wall.

The FIG. 10 shows a preferably made of plastic sleeve 30, which has a preferably made of plastic pipe 31. Into the ends of the tube 31 are the end pieces 27 inserted and held clamped. An anchor rod is pushed through anchor rod holes in opposing wall formworks and through the sleeve 30, which is then located between the two wall formworks. Locking devices are attached to the then out of the wall formwork outwardly projecting ends of the anchor rod.

After making a wall and after dismantling the wall formwork, the sleeve 30 is in the prepared wall. As described, the end pieces 27 of the sleeve 30 are finally turned out of the wall.

An end 27 of the sleeve 30 together with his in the German patent applications 102018205384.7 described embodiments represents an independent invention.

Claims (18)

Method for connecting a first formwork element to a second formwork element, wherein each formwork element comprises a formwork skin (18) and a metal frame (19) attached to the formwork skin (18), each frame having a groove (20) and openings (22) in the groove base (21), wherein a connecting element (1) comprises a first rod (2) and a first rod (2) connected to the second and optionally a third rod (8, 13), wherein the second Bar (6) together with a portion (6) of the first bar (2) forms a kind U and optionally the third bar (13) forms a hook, with the steps: the first and the second formwork elements (18, 19) are arranged adjacent to one another such that an opening (22) of the first formwork element (18, 19) adjoins an opening (22) of the second formwork element (18, 19), the attached second rod (8) is pushed through the two adjoining openings (22) in the maximum possible way, the connecting element (1) is subsequently pivoted in such a way that the frames (19) of the two formwork elements are firmly connected to one another by the first and second bars (2, 8) and optionally by the first and third bars (2, 13). Method according to the preceding claim, in which, by pivoting, first the frames (19) of the two shuttering elements are fixedly connected to each other by the first and second rods (2, 8) and subsequently additionally by the first and third rods (2, 13 ). Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the two frames (19) are additionally fixed together by connecting elements comprising two jaws which are tensioned for firm connection to a tensioning mechanism. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the groove (20) has a bevel (23) which acts as a ramp for the second rod (8) during pivoting. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the connecting element (1) at one end of the first rod (2) has a transverse pin (26), with the after connecting and producing a wall in the context of disassembly of the wall formwork an end piece ( 27) of a sleeve (30) is rotated out of the wall produced. Connecting element (1) for carrying out the method according to one of the preceding claims, comprising a first rod (2) and a second rod (8) connected to the first rod (2), the second rod (8) together with a portion (6). of the first rod (2) forms a kind U. Connecting element according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the first rod (2) is connected to a third rod (13) and the third rod (13) is hook-shaped. Connecting element according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the first rod (2) has a bend (4) near one end (3) and the bend comprises the first rod (2) in a straight long section (5) and a rectilinear section divided into short section (6). Connecting element according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the long section (5) of the first bar (2) is more than twice as long, preferably more than four times as long, more preferably more than six times as long as the short section (6). of the first staff (2). Connecting element according to one of the two preceding claims, characterized in that the short portion (6) of the first rod (2) with the long portion (5) forms an angle (φ ₁ ) which is 120 ° to 160 °. Connecting element according to one of the four preceding claims, characterized in that on the short portion (6) of the second rod (8) is mounted and preferably welded adjacent to the bend (4), so that the attached end (9) of the second rod (8) has a greater distance from the end (3) of the first rod (2) than to the bend (4). Connecting element according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the portion (6) of the first rod (2) which is part of the U-shape with another portion (5) of the first rod (2) has an angle (φ ₁ ) which is smaller than an angle (φ ₂ ) included by the other portion (5) and a portion (16) of the third bar (13). Connecting element according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the first rod (2) is a round rod, the second rod (8) has one or two flattened sides (17) and otherwise rounded in cross-section and / or the third rod ( 13) is a round bar. Connecting element according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the second rod (8) and / or the third rod (13) are divided into a long section (11, 16) and a comparatively short section (12, 15) which are separated by a bend (10, 14). Connecting element according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the long portion (11) of the second rod (8) is attached to the first rod (2) and / or the short portion (15) of the third rod (13) to the first rod (2). Connecting element according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the first rod (2) at the end, which is opposite to the second rod (8), a transverse pin (26). Connecting element according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the connecting element (1) consists entirely of steel. System comprising a connecting element (1) according to one of the preceding claims and two shuttering elements, each shuttering element comprising a shuttering skin (18) and a metal frame (19) attached to the shuttering skin (18), each frame having a groove (20) and openings (22) in the groove base (21), wherein the two formwork elements (18, 19) by the connecting element (1) can be firmly connected together in such a way that the two formwork elements (18, 19) on the one hand the first and second bars (2, 8) and on the other hand by the first and third bars (2, 13) are firmly connected to each other.

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