EP4299861A1 - Assembly and method for post-reinforcing a component with at least one discontinuity area - Google Patents

Abstract

An arrangement comprises a component (1) having at least one discontinuity region (5) and at least one reinforcing element (9), which is arranged at least in sections within a borehole (6) in the at least one discontinuity region (5) and is anchored at each end.

Description

The content of the German patent application DE 10 2022 206 617.0 is incorporated herein by reference.

The invention relates to an arrangement and a method for subsequently reinforcing a component with at least one discontinuity region.

DE 10 2019 217 313 A1 discloses a reinforcing device for an existing building, wherein a reinforcing layer can be attached to an outer surface of the existing building and can be anchored to the existing building by means of an anchoring element.

EP 2 715 013 B1 discloses punching protection or subsequent shear force reinforcement.

For the static design, i.e. in particular the dimensioning and construction, of continuous components, design rules apply, in particular the required bending force verifications and/or shear force verifications, which are based on the assumption that the cross-sections in a component remain flat. These design rules are not applicable to components with discontinuity areas. Areas of discontinuity are, for example, frame corners, consoles and/or notched supports. A discontinuity area is formed in particular by sudden cross-sectional changes. The static design of such a discontinuity area is essential, particularly with regard to the lifespan assessment or lifespan calculation of the component.

The invention is based on the object of simplifying the static design of components with a discontinuity area, in particular of improving the service life determination for the component and, in particular, of being able to reliably design the component with an increased service life.

This object is achieved according to the invention by an arrangement with the features specified in claim 1 and by a method with the features specified in claim 14.

According to the invention, it was recognized that a discontinuity area in a component can advantageously be depicted with a so-called framework model, which can form the basis for the design, in particular for a static dimensioning. This makes it possible to model the load-bearing behavior of the discontinuity area in the form of a truss. The truss includes tension struts and compression struts. It was found that with such a framework model, a real component, which is designed in particular as a composite component and in particular as an existing structure made of reinforced concrete, can be advantageously modeled. Compression struts can be made from a base material of the component, in particular concrete. Tension struts can be created using separate reinforcing elements. Such a reinforcing element is in particular a reinforcing element and in particular a reinforcing bar, which is also referred to as reinforcing steel, reinforcing steel or reinforcing iron. The at least one reinforcing element is in particular a tension/compression element. The framework model makes it possible to identify tension struts that do not have sufficient strength, particularly in an existing structure have and/or are damaged. Tension struts identified in this way can be specifically replaced or supplemented with new tension struts in order to restore and/or increase the load-bearing capacity and usability of the discontinuity area. A further advantage of the invention is that overstressing of the compression struts, in particular the concrete struts, can be detected and eliminated. Reinforcing elements can be introduced to specifically reinforce the pressure struts, especially subsequently.

The reinforcing element can originally be present in the component as a reinforcing element, in particular cast in the base material, in particular concrete. The reinforcing element can additionally or alternatively have been subsequently introduced into the base material, i.e. into the concrete, in particular into a borehole which is at least partially arranged within the discontinuity area. The discontinuity region is formed in particular on both sides of a sudden cross-sectional change. The reinforcing element is in particular anchored at each end. If the reinforcing element has initially been embedded in the base material, it is per se anchored at the end.

According to the invention, the subsequent reinforcement of a component with a discontinuity area is particularly advantageous if the component is an existing structure made of concrete and in particular reinforced concrete. However, the component can also be made from other materials, in particular stone, masonry, wood and/or plastic.

It was found that with a subsequently introduced reinforcing element, the discontinuity area and thus the component as a whole can be stabilized, i.e. strengthened. The lifespan of such a Component is increased. An exchange and/or a new production of such a component can be delayed and in particular prevented. Such a process is cost-efficient and sustainable, i.e. economically and ecologically sensible.

The reinforcing element is in particular rod-shaped or rod-shaped and in particular has a linear longitudinal axis. Anchoring in the component is advantageously possible on the two opposite end faces. Attaching and anchoring the reinforcing element in the component is uncomplicated and efficient. Reinforcing the component is inexpensive.

An embodiment of the reinforcing element according to claim 2 is particularly advantageous for use in a concrete component. The reinforcing element is available in particular as a standardized mass product, cost-effective, with defined geometry and standardized strength. Such a reinforcing element is robust and has a high level of reliability. The reinforcing element enables reliable and traceable reinforcement of the component. A component reinforced in this way has predictable strength and stability.

An arrangement according to claim 3 simplifies anchoring in the borehole.

An embodiment of the reinforcing element according to claim 4 enables direct anchoring in the borehole.

An arrangement according to claim 5 enables flexible anchoring of the reinforcing element by means of a coupling element.

An arrangement according to claim 6 enables an internally arranged and protected anchoring of the reinforcing element in the component.

An arrangement according to claim 7 enables flexible reinforcement of the component. Arranging the second anchoring element completely within the borehole enables a protected and, in particular, visually appealing arrangement because it is hidden.

An external anchoring of the second anchoring element, in particular in such a way that it is supported on a surface of the component adjacent to the borehole, simplifies the accessibility and assembly of the second anchoring element. In particular, subsequent releasability of the reinforcing element is simplified with an external anchoring. The second anchoring element can be supported on the surface in particular by means of a coupling element that can be mechanically coupled to the reinforcing element. The coupling element is, for example, a screw nut that can be screwed onto the reinforcing element. In this case, the second anchoring element has in particular a coupling thread, in particular a metric external thread or a coarse external thread.

An arrangement according to claim 8 enables an improved, in particular increased, load-bearing effect of the reinforced arrangement. A surface reinforcement is arranged in particular over the surface of the component and is attached to it, in particular embedded. Surface reinforcement in the form of textile concrete has proven to be particularly advantageous. It is particularly advantageous if the surface reinforcement is mechanically coupled to the reinforcing element. The strength is thereby additionally increased. The surface reinforcement is overall attached to the component by means of the reinforcing element. Additionally or alternatively, textile concrete can be integrated into the component as part of a composite layer. A separate attachment using the reinforcing element may be unnecessary. A plate-like element, in particular a metal plate, in particular a steel plate, can also serve as surface reinforcement. In particular, several surface-like elements can be connected to one another, for example to form an angle profile element and/or an element enclosing the original cross section. The surface reinforcement can be designed to be dimensionally stable or flexible.

An arrangement according to claim 9 has additionally increased strength, particularly in a corner region of the component. In particular, in a concave area of the component, the targeted deflection of the surface reinforcement on the surface of the component is ensured by means of a deflection element. In addition, the reliable, particularly extensive, contact of the surface reinforcement on the surface of the component is guaranteed. Undesirable gaps between the surface reinforcement and the surface of the component can be reduced and, in particular, prevented.

An arrangement according to claim 10 enables a stable, i.e. mechanically robust, external reinforcement that can be produced easily. The at least one reinforcing element is attached to a holding plate and in particular welded to it. The holding plate is attached to the surface of the component

An arrangement according to claim 11 enables improved absorption of torsional stresses, which act in particular with respect to a component longitudinal axis of the at least one discontinuity region.

An arrangement according to claim 12 ensures an uncomplicated absorption of the torsional stresses, in particular without additional components and in particular exclusively through a suitable arrangement of several additional reinforcing elements, in particular in the form of concrete screws and / or continuously arranged threaded rods.

An arrangement according to claim 13 enables large-area reinforcement, which is particularly advantageous for particularly large components.

A method according to claim 14 essentially has the advantages of the arrangement according to claim 1. It is particularly advantageous that a reinforcing element is attached, in particular subsequently, to an already existing component and the discontinuity region of the component and therefore the component as a whole is mechanically reinforced.

Both the features specified in the patent claims and the features specified in the following description of exemplary embodiments of the arrangement according to the invention are each suitable, alone or in combination with one another, for further developing the subject matter according to the invention. The respective combinations of features do not represent any restrictions with regard to the developments of the subject matter of the invention, but are essentially only of an exemplary nature.

Fig. 1

eine schematische Darstellung eines Bauteils mit Diskontinuitätsbereichen,

Fig. 2

eine vergrößerte, geschnittene Darstellung des Details II in Fig. 1,

Fig. 3

eine vergrößerte, geschnittene Darstellung des Details III in Fig. 1,

Fig. 4

eine vergrößerte, geschnittene Darstellung des Details IV in Fig. 1,

Fig. 5

eine Fig. 2 entsprechende Darstellung einer Konsolverstärkung,

Fig. 6

eine Fig. 2 entsprechende Darstellung einer weiteren Konsolverstärkung,

Fig. 7

eine Fig. 2 entsprechende Darstellung einer Verstärkung an einem ausgeklinkten Auflager,

Fig. 8

eine Fig. 7 entsprechende Darstellung mit einer alternativen Anordnung der Verstärkungselemente,

Fig. 9

eine Seitenansicht eines Bauteils mit einem Diskontinuitätsbereich in Form einer Öffnung,

Fig. 10

eine Schnittdarstellung gemäß Schnittlinie X-X in Fig. 9,

Fig. 11

eine Fig. 2 entsprechende Darstellung einer Anordnung für wechselnde Beanspruchungen,

Fig. 12

eine Fig. 3 entsprechende Darstellung einer Knotenverstärkung mit einer Stütze einer Decke und einem Unterzug,

Fig. 13

eine vergrößerte Detaildarstellung des Details XIII in Fig. 12,

Fig. 14

eine Fig. 2 entsprechende Darstellung mit einer Oberflächenbewehrung und einem Umlenkelement,

Fig. 15

eine Fig. 3 entsprechende Darstellung mit Oberflächenbewehrungen und Umlenkelementen,

Fig. 16

eine Fig. 15 entsprechende Darstellung mit einer Oberflächenbewehrung in Form von Metallblechen,

Fig. 17

eine Fig. 16 entsprechende Darstellung mit diagonal angeordneten Verstärkungselementen,

Fig. 18

eine Fig. 3 entsprechende Schnittdarstellung mit mehreren ZusatzVerstärkungselementen, die senkrecht zu einer Bauteil-Längsachse des mindestens einen Diskontinuitätsbereichs angeordnet sind,

Fig. 19

eine Schnittdarstellung gemäß Schnittlinie XIX-XIX in Fig. 18,

Fig. 20

eine Fig. 18 entsprechende Seitenansicht eines Bauteils mit einer außenliegenden Verstärkungslage,

Fig. 21

eine Schnittdarstellung gemäß Schnittlinie XXI-XXI in Fig. 20.

Additional features, advantageous refinements and details of the invention result from the following description of exemplary embodiments based on the drawing. Show it:

Fig. 1

a schematic representation of a component with discontinuity areas,

Fig. 2

an enlarged, sectioned view of detail II in Fig. 1 ,

Fig. 3

an enlarged, sectioned view of detail III in Fig. 1 ,

Fig. 4

an enlarged, sectioned representation of detail IV in Fig. 1 ,

Fig. 5

one Fig. 2 corresponding representation of a console reinforcement,

Fig. 6

one Fig. 2 corresponding representation of further console reinforcement,

Fig. 7

one Fig. 2 corresponding representation of a reinforcement on a notched support,

Fig. 8

one Fig. 7 corresponding representation with an alternative arrangement of the reinforcing elements,

Fig. 9

a side view of a component with a discontinuity area in the form of an opening,

Fig. 10

a sectional view according to section line XX in Fig. 9 ,

Fig. 11

one Fig. 2 corresponding representation of an arrangement for changing stresses,

Fig. 12

one Fig. 3 corresponding representation of a node reinforcement with a support of a ceiling and a beam,

Fig. 13

an enlarged detailed view of detail XIII in Fig. 12 ,

Fig. 14

one Fig. 2 corresponding representation with surface reinforcement and a deflection element,

Fig. 15

one Fig. 3 corresponding representation with surface reinforcements and deflection elements,

Fig. 16

one Fig. 15 corresponding representation with surface reinforcement in the form of metal sheets,

Fig. 17

one Fig. 16 corresponding representation with diagonally arranged reinforcing elements,

Fig. 18

one Fig. 3 corresponding sectional view with several additional reinforcing elements which are arranged perpendicular to a component longitudinal axis of the at least one discontinuity region,

Fig. 19

a sectional view according to section line XIX-XIX in Fig. 18 ,

Fig. 20

one Fig. 18 corresponding side view of a component with an external reinforcement layer,

Fig. 21

a sectional view according to section line XXI-XXI in Fig. 20 .

An in Fig. 1 to 4 Component 1 shown comprises a base material, in particular concrete, which is designed in particular as a skeletal structure. Component 1 is in particular an existing building. The component 1 has a bar 2, which is also referred to as a bar 2 and which runs in particular horizontally. The bar 2 is supported on a surface by means of several supports 3. The supports 3 are inclined relative to a horizontal direction and are arranged in particular vertically oriented. The supports 3 are also referred to as vertical supports or supports 3. The component 1 is in particular designed in one piece. The supports 3 are connected to one another via the cross member 2. At their end facing away from the bar 2, the supports 3 have a plate-like support element 4. The support elements 4 are also referred to as support feet, foundation elements or foundations. With the support elements 4, the component 1 rests on the ground. The crossing areas between the bar 2 and the respective supports 3 are referred to as frame corners. These frame corners each form a discontinuity area 5 of the component 1. The discontinuity areas can be L-shaped, T-shaped or cross-shaped.

In Fig. 2 an L-shaped discontinuity region 5 is shown in more detail. In the intersection area of the bar 2 and support 3, two drill holes 6 are made in the component 1. The drill holes 6 each have a longitudinal axis 7, which are each oriented parallel to the longitudinal extent of the bar 2 or the support 3. Relative to a transverse extension oriented perpendicular to the longitudinal axis 7, the drill holes 6 on the bar 2 and the support 3 are each arranged off-center and in particular in an outer area. A respective transverse distance A in the plane oriented perpendicular to the longitudinal axis 7 to the adjacent, outer surface 8 of the Bar 2 or the support 3 is in particular smaller than half of the respective thickness D, in particular A ≤ 0.4 x D, in particular A ≤ 0.3 x D, in particular A ≤ 0.2 x D, in particular A ≤ 0 .1 x D and in particular A ≤ 0.05 x D.

A reinforcing element 9 is arranged in each of the boreholes 6 and anchored twice in the discontinuity region 5. The reinforcing element 9 is particularly suitable for transmitting tensile loads. The reinforcing element 9 is a tension element. In principle, the reinforcing element 9 is also suitable for transmitting pressure loads. In general, the reinforcing element 9 is a tension/compression element.

The respective reinforcing element 9 is designed as a reinforcing element in the form of a reinforcing bar, i.e. in particular as a reinforcing steel with an external coarse thread. The reinforcing element 9 has a first end 10 and an opposite second end 11. At the first end 10, the reinforcing element 9 has a first anchoring element 12, which is designed as an external cutting thread. Accordingly, the first anchoring element 12 is formed in one piece on both reinforcing elements 9 and is designed integrally.

Instead of the anchoring element 12 made in one piece on the reinforcing element 9 in the form of a self-tapping external thread, it is also possible to provide a separate anchoring element 12 which can be coupled to the reinforcing element 9 in a fixed or detachable manner. A detachable coupling of the anchoring element 12 with the reinforcing element 9 is particularly advantageously possible with a coupling thread connection, in particular in that the reinforcing element 9 has an external coarse thread has, onto which the anchoring element 12 can be screwed with a corresponding internal thread or attached with a corresponding through hole and fastened by means of a retaining nut.

A detachable coupling of an internal reinforcing element would be possible, for example, by means of an element that is at least partially sleeve-like. Such a sleeve element can be designed on its outer circumference with a self-tapping external thread and with an inner contour such that it can be coupled to the reinforcing element. Such a reinforcing element can, for example, be screwed into the borehole 6 in advance and anchored directly by means of the self-tapping external thread, the reinforcing element then being coupled to the anchoring element 12, 13 anchored in the borehole 6. Alternatively, it is possible to releasably or permanently couple the anchoring element 12, 13 in advance to the reinforcing element 9, i.e. outside the borehole 6, and then screw it into the borehole 6 in the coupled arrangement and anchor it there.

The external cutting thread 12 is designed in such a way that when the reinforcing element 9 is screwed into the borehole 6, it automatically cuts an internal thread in the borehole wall. The reinforcing element 9 is automatically and immediately anchored when screwed into the borehole 6. The first anchoring element 12 is arranged on the inside.

The reinforcing element 9 protrudes from the respective borehole 6 with the second end 11 on the surface 8. The second end 11 is arranged on the outside of the component 1. At the second end 11, a second anchoring element 13 is arranged, which has a coupling section having. The coupling section is designed in particular as a coupling thread, in particular as a metric thread. It is advantageous if the reinforcing element 9 is designed as a threaded rod and has a metric thread anyway. The formation of a separate coupling section, in particular by rolling on a coupling thread, is then unnecessary. However, the external coarse thread that is already present on the reinforcing element 9 can also serve as a coupling thread. The coupling section is in particular formed in one piece and integrally on the reinforcing element 9. A coupling element 14, in particular a separately designed one, interacts with the coupling section and is designed as a fastening nut 14 according to the exemplary embodiment shown. The fastening nut 14 is screwed onto the second anchoring element 13, in particular the coupling section, and fastened thereto. With the coupling element 14, the reinforcing element 9 can be supported and anchored on the second anchoring element 13 on the component 1, in particular on the surface 8. According to the exemplary embodiment shown, a support disk 15 is arranged between the coupling element 14 and the surface 8.

For reasons of illustration alone, the two reinforcing elements 9 are in together Fig. 2 shown. It is understood that the drill holes 6, different from it Fig. 2 suggests, not arranged in one and the same plane and in particular in a direction perpendicular to the plane of the drawing Fig. 2 are arranged spaced apart from each other.

There can be more than two reinforcing elements 9 in the discontinuity region 5 according to Fig. 2 be arranged, in particular in different planes, which correspond to a direction perpendicular to the plane of the drawing Fig. 2 are arranged one behind the other.

It goes without saying that the anchoring elements 12, 13 can be arranged on the component 1 either on the inside and/or on the outside. It is advantageous if at least one anchoring element is arranged on the inside.

It is important that the bar 2 and the support 3 cross each other. This intersection area 16 is marked with dots. It is advantageous if the various reinforcing elements 9 extend through the crossing area 16 and in particular protrude on both sides of the crossing area. If the crossing area 16 ends at a surface 8 of the component 1, an external anchoring is in particular arranged in this area. Otherwise, internal anchoring may be advantageous.

The discontinuity region 5 according to Fig. 3 is essentially cross-shaped or plus-shaped. In the discontinuity region 5 shown, four reinforcing elements 9 are arranged, with two reinforcing elements 9 being assigned to the support 3 and the other two reinforcing elements 9 to the bar 2.

The drill holes 6 are arranged with their longitudinal axes 7 relative to the longitudinal extents of the bar 2 or the support 3 with an angle of inclination n, which is 20 ° according to the exemplary embodiment shown. Due to the inclined arrangement of the reinforcing elements 9 relative to the respective longitudinal extent of the bar 2 and support 3, it is possible to introduce the reinforcing elements 9 into the discontinuity area 5 and in particular on the bars 2 and supports 3, which are designed as endless components. An endless component is understood to mean that the respective Length of bar 2 and support 3 along the longitudinal extent of which is large and in particular is significantly larger than the length of the reinforcing elements 9. In particular, the longitudinal extent of bar 2 and / or support 3 is each at least twice as large as the length of the reinforcing element 9 arranged therein, in particular five times as large, in particular ten times as large, in particular at least twenty times, in particular at least fifty times as large, in particular at least one hundred times as large. Due to the inclined orientation of the drill holes 6, lateral access for the reinforcing elements 9 into the component 1 is possible. The reinforcing elements are arranged symmetrically to one another with respect to the respective longitudinal extent of the bar 2 and support 3. The arrangement can also be asymmetrical.

The arrangement of the drill holes 6 is in particular such that their vertical projection in the plane of the drawing is in accordance with Fig. 3 cut at a central intersection S. The intersection point S denotes a point perpendicular to the drawing plane in Fig. 3 oriented cutting line that intersects reinforcing elements 9 arranged in the different levels. The reinforcing elements 9 are arranged in a star shape or radial shape in the discontinuity area 5.

All reinforcing elements 9 used in the discontinuity region 5 are each designed with two internal anchoring elements 12, 13. The reinforcing elements 9 can also be designed with an internal and an external anchoring element or with two external anchoring elements.

The discontinuity region 5 according to Fig. 4 is T-shaped and essentially represents a combination of the arrangement and design of the reinforcing elements 9 Fig. 2 and 3 represents.

The reinforcing elements 9 assigned to the bar 2 are as in Fig. 3 arranged inclined. The two reinforcing elements 9 assigned to the support 3 are each designed with an internal and an external anchor.

The following is with reference to Fig. 5 a further exemplary embodiment of a component is described. Structurally identical components contain the same reference numbers as in the previous exemplary embodiment, the description of which is hereby referred to. Parts that are structurally different but functionally similar are given the same reference numerals followed by an a.

The component 1a has a carrier 2a with a console 17 molded onto it. The carrier 2a is also referred to as a support 2a. The console 17 is integrally formed on the support 2a. The console 17 defines the crossing area 16 and in particular also the discontinuity area 5a, which extends at least in some areas beyond the console 17 and the crossing area 16 into the support 2a. The discontinuity area 5a is in particular larger than the crossing area 16. The console 17 serves in particular to absorb an external force F. The external force F causes an in Fig. 5 Internal tensile force Fz indicated by dashed lines, which acts on the console and is oriented in a direction transverse and in particular perpendicular to the longitudinal extent of the support 2a.

To reinforce the console 17, the borehole 6 is mounted in the component 1a in such a way that the longitudinal axis 7 is oriented parallel to the line of action of the tensile force Fz. The reinforcing element 9 anchored in the borehole 6 has an internal anchoring and an external anchoring. According to the exemplary embodiment shown, the external anchoring is arranged on the exposed surface 8 of the console 17, in particular the surface 8, which is oriented perpendicular to the line of action of the tensile force Fz.

Alternatively, the external anchoring can also be arranged on the opposite surface 8 of the support 2a. It is also conceivable that the reinforcing element 9 is designed with two internal anchors.

According to the design of the discontinuity area 5 in Fig. 2 the reinforcing element 9 is arranged on the outside of the console 17 in such a way that it is arranged adjacent to the surface on which the external force Fz acts.

The following is with reference to Fig. 6 a further exemplary embodiment of a component is described. Structurally identical parts contain the same reference numbers as in the previous exemplary embodiments, the description of which is hereby referred to. Structurally different but functionally similar parts receive the same reference numbers with a suffix b.

In contrast to the console according to Fig. 5 is component 1b in Fig. 6 essentially L-shaped. The top of the support 2b is flush with the console 17. The support element 2b stands along its longitudinal extent only on one side, namely downwards, relative to the console 17. Accordingly, a second reinforcing element oriented along the longitudinal direction of the carrier element 2b is additionally attached in the carrier element 2b, in particular with an internal and an external anchoring.

The following is with reference to Fig. 7 a further exemplary embodiment of a component is described. Structurally identical parts receive the same reference numbers as in the previous exemplary embodiments, the description of which is hereby referred to. Structurally different but functionally similar parts receive the same reference numerals with a c after them.

The component 1c is a bolt 2c with a notch 18, i.e. a recess. The cross member 2c is also referred to as a carrier. The component 1c is in particular a support element. Due to the notch 18, the component 1c has a discontinuity area 5c. The discontinuity region 5c is reinforced by two reinforcing elements 9 oriented along the surfaces of the notch 18. The reinforcing elements are arranged on the outside at a distance A with respect to the notch 18. The reinforcing elements 9 are each designed with an internal anchor and an external anchor. The reinforcing elements 9 can also be designed with exclusively internal anchorings.

In the exemplary embodiment 1d, which also shows a notched support, the two reinforcing elements are each arranged on the upper surface 8 of the component 1d and in particular from the upper surface 8 introduced into component 1d. This exemplary embodiment is particularly advantageous if access to the component 1d from the side and/or from below is not possible. So that an advantageous absorption of the operating loads is possible, in particular a transverse load, one of the reinforcing elements 9 is arranged inclined relative to the transverse extent of the console.

The following is with reference to 9 and 10 a further exemplary embodiment of a component is described. Structurally identical parts receive the same reference numbers as in the previous exemplary embodiments, the description of which is hereby referred to. Structurally different but functionally similar parts receive the same reference numbers with an e after them.

The component 1e is designed as a beam or wall element and has a large opening 19 in the form of an opening. The opening 19 creates a discontinuity region 5e in the component 1e, in particular laterally and/or above and below the opening 19. To reinforce this discontinuity region 5e, several reinforcing elements 9 are provided on the component 1e.

A first group of reinforcing elements 9 each extends in the thickness direction 36 of the component, i.e. perpendicular to the plane of the drawing Fig. 9 . According to the exemplary embodiment shown, four rows of eight reinforcing elements 9 are provided on the front 20 and back 21 of the component 1e. Two rows are arranged above the opening 19 and two rows below the opening 19. Each row of reinforcing elements 9 is combined by an external sheet metal strip 22 and mechanically coupled to one another. In this In the area, the reinforcing elements 9 are designed with an external anchor. The opposite end of the reinforcing elements 9 is designed with an internal anchoring, as shown in particular in Fig. 10 is shown.

The reinforcing elements of the first group are tension/compression elements and can have continuous anchoring in the structure. With the continuous anchorings, the tension/compression elements can be introduced into the component 1e independently of one another, in particular on the opposite sides 20, 21. It is advantageous if two tension/pressure elements overlap each other, i.e. are arranged overlapping in the thickness direction 36. This ensures that force is transferred from one side, for example the front 20, to the opposite side, for example the back 21.

Alternatively, the tension/compression elements can be designed with two end anchors. The tension/compression elements are anchored at the ends on both sides 20, 21 of the cross section, so that in particular force transmission from one side to the other is possible without overlapping. The number of reinforcing elements required is thereby reduced, in particular halved.

A second group of reinforcing elements 9 comprises tensile elements which are each oriented transversely and in particular perpendicular to the planes which are each defined by the sheet metal strips 22 which combine the reinforcing elements 9 of the first group. This second group of reinforcing elements 9 is therefore oriented in the height direction H of the component 1e and on an edge web 23 surrounding the opening 19 Component 1e arranged. The reinforcing elements 9 of the second group therefore extend in a direction that is oriented from a bottom 24 to a top 25 of the component 1e. According to the exemplary embodiment shown, the reinforcing elements 9 extend from the bottom 24 in the direction of the opening 19 or from an inner surface of the opening 19 in the direction of the top 25. These reinforcing elements are each designed with an internal and an external anchoring and could accordingly also be in the opposite direction , i.e. oriented from the opening 19 to the bottom 24 or oriented from the top 25 to the opening 19.

The reinforcing elements 9 attached to the front 20 and back 21 have a length such that a free residual cross-section remains between the internal anchors of these reinforcing elements, in which the reinforcing element of the second group is arranged.

A further reinforcing element 9 is arranged laterally next to the opening 19 and has a length that extends essentially along the entire height H of the component 1e. The length of these further reinforcing elements 9 is in particular greater than the height of the opening 19. These reinforcing elements 9 extend over the opening 19 and form a lateral border in the height direction H for the opening 19.

The reinforcing elements 9 of the second group are tension elements and are used in particular to absorb transverse forces.

The following is with reference to Fig. 11 a further exemplary embodiment of a component is described. Structurally identical parts receive the same reference numbers as in the previous exemplary embodiments, the description of which is hereby referred to. Structurally different but functionally similar parts receive the same reference numbers with an f after them.

The component 1f essentially corresponds to that in Fig. 2 , wherein additional internal reinforcing elements 9 are arranged, which are arranged with an edge distance B adjacent to the inner side surfaces 26. In particular, B = A.

Another difference is that all reinforcing elements only have internal anchoring elements.

Due to the double reinforcement in both the bar 2 and the support 3, the component 1f is designed in particular to absorb changing, in particular dynamically changing, loads, which can act on the component 1f, for example as a result of an earthquake. Changing loads are understood to be in particular tensile/compressive loads.

The following is with reference to Fig. 12 and 13 a further exemplary embodiment of a component is described. Structurally identical parts receive the same reference numbers as in the previous exemplary embodiments, the description of which is hereby referred to. Structurally different but functionally similar parts receive the same reference numbers with a suffix g.

In contrast to the node element in Fig. 3 In the component 1g, a beam 27 is fastened in one piece to the support 3g and a ceiling element 28 is arranged thereon. The ceiling element 28 has a transverse extension in a direction perpendicular to the plane of the drawing Fig. 12 on which is greater than the transverse extent of the beam and the support 3g. On an upper side of the ceiling element 28 opposite the beam 27, a further support 3g is arranged and firmly connected to the ceiling element 28. The node element of the component 1g has, at least in some areas, a gradually variable transverse extension due to the ceiling element 28.

Another difference is that at least one reinforcing element 9 is designed with an external anchor. This external anchoring is carried out by means of a mounting unit 29. The mounting unit 29 has a mounting plate 30, in particular made of steel material, which is placed on an outer surface 8 of the support 3g and can be fastened and in particular anchored to the support with at least one fastening element 31 . The fastening element is in particular a fastening screw which is guided through corresponding openings in the mounting plate and held by a retaining nut 32. The reinforcing element 9 is firmly and in particular permanently attached to the mounting plate 30, in particular welded on.

In particular, during assembly, the reinforcing element 9 and the mounting plate 30 are mounted independently of one another on the support 3g and connected to one another in the arrangement mounted on the support 3, in particular non-positively and/or cohesively, in particular welded to one another.

The following is with reference to Fig. 14 a further exemplary embodiment of a component is described. Structurally identical parts receive the same reference numbers as in the previous exemplary embodiments, the description of which is hereby referred to. Structurally different but functionally similar parts receive the same reference numbers with an h after them.

The component 1h essentially corresponds to a frame corner Fig. 2 , wherein additional surface reinforcement 33 is arranged on both the outer surface 8 and the inner side surface 26. According to the exemplary embodiment shown, the surface reinforcement is designed as textile concrete, which is embedded in particular on the component 1h. The surface reinforcement 33 is designed to be flat and enables the component 1h to be clad. The component 1h can be clad on one side, on both sides or on all sides.

In the component 1h, the reinforcing elements are each attached starting from the inner side surface 26 and are designed with an external anchor on the inner side surface 26. The reinforcing elements 9 are arranged in the component 1h outside the crossing area 16 in the discontinuity area 5h.

In order to ensure that the surface reinforcement 33 rests against the component 1h in the corner area 34 on the inner side surface 26, a deflection element 35 is provided, which is held in the area of the external anchoring by means of the reinforcing elements 9. The deflection element is designed in particular as an angle plate, in particular corresponding to the concave contour of the component 1h in the corner region 34.

The deflection element 35 is optional. In particular, the reinforcing elements can also be designed on the outer surface 8 with the external anchoring.

The following is with reference to Fig. 15 a further exemplary embodiment of a component is described. Structurally identical parts receive the same reference numbers as in the previous exemplary embodiments, the description of which is hereby referred to. Structurally different but functionally similar parts receive the same reference numbers with an i after them.

As in the previous exemplary embodiment, several elements for surface reinforcement 33 are arranged on the component 1i. Either textile concrete or metal sheet serves as surface reinforcement. To attach the surface reinforcements 33 to the component 1i, various arrangements of the reinforcing elements are possible, in particular with an orientation perpendicular to the respective surface of the component 1i, the reinforcing elements being held with an external anchor on which the surface reinforcement 33 and a deflection element 35 in the respective corner area . At an opposite end, the respective reinforcing element is designed with an internal anchoring.

Alternatively, a reinforcing element is also conceivable, which is designed with external anchoring on both sides. In a further embodiment, a reinforcing element is provided, which is arranged in the base of the corner region 34 transversely to the intersecting surfaces, in particular oriented at a 45 ° angle. The number of reinforcement elements for attaching the deflection element 35 is thereby reduced. The transversely oriented reinforcing element is designed with an internal anchoring, but can alternatively also be designed with two external anchoring elements throughout the node area.

The following is with reference to Fig. 16 a further exemplary embodiment of a component is described. Structurally identical parts receive the same reference numbers as in the previous exemplary embodiments, the description of which is hereby referred to. Structurally different but functionally similar parts receive the same reference numbers with a suffix j.

In the case of the component 1j, metal sheets are provided for surface reinforcement, which are held on the component 1j exclusively by reinforcing elements oriented transversely to the surfaces 8. The reinforcing elements are either designed as continuous reinforcing elements with two external anchors. Alternatively, the reinforcing elements are arranged on the opposite surfaces 8 in such a way that the internal anchoring elements overlap in the thickness direction of the component 1j.

The overlapping anchoring elements 9 and the respective continuous anchoring elements 9 enable reliable force transmission between the opposing surfaces of the component 1j. The advantage of the reinforcing elements 9 with the internal anchoring is that they can be installed more easily. The advantage of the continuous reinforcing elements 9 is that a reduced number is required.

The following is with reference to Fig. 17 a further exemplary embodiment of a component is described. Structurally identical parts receive the same reference numbers as in the previous exemplary embodiments, the description of which is hereby referred to. Structurally different but functionally similar parts receive the same reference numerals with a suffix k.

At the junction of the component 1k, the surface reinforcements 33 are held in the webs by reinforcing elements which are arranged opposite each other and overlap with respect to their anchoring elements. Diagonally oriented reinforcing elements are provided in the intersection area 16. A reinforcing element is designed throughout with two external anchors. In the perpendicular orientation, two reinforcing elements are provided, which are arranged diagonally across the inner anchoring elements.

The following is with reference to 18 and 19 a further exemplary embodiment of a component is described. Structurally identical parts receive the same reference numbers as in the previous exemplary embodiments, the description of which is hereby referred to. Structurally different but functionally similar parts receive the same reference numbers with a suffix 1.

The component 11 has a reinforcement which is designed to absorb torsional stresses in the form of a torsional moment M _T.

The discontinuity region 51 of the component 11 has a component longitudinal axis 37.

According to the exemplary embodiment shown, the improved absorption of torsional stresses is ensured in particular by the fact that a first group of reinforcing elements 9 are each arranged parallel to one another and parallel to the longitudinal axis 37 of the component. According to the exemplary embodiment shown, these are reinforcing rods with external coarse threads, with the first anchoring element 12 at the end being designed as a self-tapping external thread and the opposite second anchoring element 13 being designed as a fastening nut. The fastening nut is screwed onto a, in particular metric, fastening thread of the reinforcing element 9 and is supported on the outer surface 13 of the component 51.

In a plane perpendicular to the longitudinal axis 37 of the component, the reinforcing elements 9 are arranged with their longitudinal axes 7 at the corner points of a fictitious rectangle. The fictitious rectangle is in particular geometrically similar to the outer contour of the component 11.

The improved absorption of torsional stresses is further made possible in particular by a group of additional reinforcing elements 38. The additional reinforcing elements 38 are in particular arranged in pairs opposite one another in a plane perpendicular to the longitudinal axis 37 of the component. In the viewing direction of the component longitudinal axis 37, the additional reinforcing elements 38 form a, in particular closed and in particular rectangular, reinforcing frame, which encloses the first group of reinforcing elements 9. The contour of the reinforcing frame is geometrically similar to the outer contour of the component 11.

The reinforcing frame 39 is arranged in particular close to the surface in the component 11. This means in particular that a surface distance a is small based on the respective edge length s of the component 11. The surface distance a defines in particular the vertical distance of a longitudinal axis 40 of the additional reinforcing element 38 from the facing outer surface 8 of the component 11. In particular, the following applies: a ≤ 0.3 · s, in particular a ≤ 0.25 · s, in particular a ≤ 0.2 · s, in particular a ≤ 0.15 · s, in particular a ≤ 0.1 · s, in particular a ≤ 0.05 · s, and in particular a ≥ 0.01 · s. According to the exemplary embodiment shown, the additional reinforcing elements 38 are each designed as concrete screws, the ends of which are anchored in the component 11 with a cutting thread. The additional reinforcing elements 38 are attached to the respective surface 8 by means of a fastening nut as a second anchoring element 13.

The following is with reference to 20 and 21 a further exemplary embodiment of a component is described. Structurally identical parts receive the same reference numbers as in the previous exemplary embodiments, the description of which is hereby referred to. Structurally different but functionally similar parts receive the same reference numbers with an m after them.

The component 1m is designed with reinforcement to absorb torsional stresses. In this exemplary embodiment, the additional reinforcing element 38m is designed as a reinforcing layer which is attached to the surface 8 of the component 1m from the outside. The reinforcing layer 38m is in particular designed as a textile concrete with at least one binder layer and a textile, in particular net-like, flexible reinforcement layer integrated and/or embedded therein. The reinforcement layer 38m is U-shaped along the outer surface 8 of the component 1m laid out like this in Fig. 21 is shown. At the two ends of the U-contour, the reinforcing layer 38m is attached to the component 1m by means of several reinforcing elements 9 arranged along the longitudinal axis 37 of the component. The reinforcing elements 9 are arranged in particular transversely to the longitudinal axis 37 of the component and in particular parallel to one another on opposite side surfaces of the component 1m.

According to the exemplary embodiment shown, the reinforcing elements 9 are designed as concrete screws which are anchored internally in the component 1m with a cutting thread. At the opposite, outer end, the reinforcing elements 9 are held by means of a fastening screw.

An advantageous load distribution from the reinforcing elements 9 to the reinforcing layer 38m takes place according to the exemplary embodiment shown by a holding strip 41, which is designed in particular as flat steel and has through holes for the reinforcing elements 9.

Optionally, two reinforcing elements 9a are present in the component 1m, which extend with the respective longitudinal axis 7 parallel to one another and parallel to the component longitudinal axis 37 in the component 1m. The reinforcing elements 9a are optional and can therefore also be omitted. The reinforcing elements 9a are based on the cross section of the component 1m Fig. 20 arranged underneath, in particular opposite the open ends of the U of the reinforcing layer 38m and in particular opposite to the reinforcing elements 9, which serve to fasten the reinforcing layer 38m. In particular, the reinforcing elements 9a are arranged adjacent to the corner regions of the cross section perpendicular to the longitudinal axis 37 of the component.

Claims (14)

arrangement with a. a component (1; 1a; 1b; 1c; 1d; 1e; 1f; 1g; 1h) having at least one discontinuity region (5; 5a; 5b; 5c; 5d; 5e; 5f; 5g; 5h; 5i; 5j; 5k); 1i; 1y; 1k), b. at least one reinforcing element (9), which is arranged at least in sections within a borehole (6) in the at least one discontinuity region (5; 5a; 5b; 5c; 5d; 5e; 5f; 5g; 5h; 5i; 5j; 5k) and in each case at the end is anchored. Arrangement according to claim 1, characterized in that the at least one reinforcing element (9) is designed as a reinforcing element, in particular as a reinforcing rod, in particular with an external coarse thread. Arrangement according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the at least one reinforcing element (9) has a first anchoring element (12) at a first end (10) and a second anchoring element (11) at a second end (11) opposite the first end (10). 13). Arrangement according to claim 3, characterized in that the first anchoring element (12) and/or the second anchoring element (13) is formed in one piece on the at least one reinforcing element (9), in particular as a self-tapping external thread. Arrangement according to claim 3 or 4, characterized in that the first anchoring element (12) and/or the second anchoring element (13) is designed in several parts and comprises a coupling element (14) which can be mechanically coupled to the at least one reinforcing element (9). Arrangement according to one of claims 3 to 5, characterized in that the first anchoring element (12) is arranged completely within the borehole (6). Arrangement according to one of claims 3 to 6, characterized in that the second anchoring element (13) is arranged completely within the borehole (6) or on a surface (8, 20, 21, 24, 25, 26) adjacent to the borehole (6). ) of the component (1; 1a; 1b; 1c; 1d; 1e; 1f; 1g; 1h; 1i; 1j; 1k) is supported. Arrangement according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by a surface reinforcement (33) mechanically coupled to the at least one reinforcing element (9), which is on the surface (8, 20, 21, 24, 25, 26) of the component (1h; 1i; 1j ; 1k) is attached. Arrangement according to claim 8, characterized in that the surface reinforcement (33) is held in a corner region (34) of the component (1h; 1i; 1j; 1k) by means of a deflection element (35). Arrangement according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by a mounting plate (30) arranged on the surface (8, 20, 21, 24, 25, 26) of the component (1g), to which the at least one reinforcing element (9) is attached, in particular welded , is. Arrangement according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the at least one discontinuity region (51) has a component longitudinal axis (37), with at least one additional reinforcing element (38) oriented transversely, in particular perpendicular, to the component longitudinal axis (37). is. Arrangement according to claim 11, characterized in that there are several additional reinforcing elements (38) which are arranged in a plane oriented perpendicular to the longitudinal axis (37) of the component in accordance with the outer contour of the component (11, 1m) in the discontinuity region (51). Arrangement according to claim 11 or 12, characterized by a reinforcing layer (38m) as an additional reinforcing element, in particular textile concrete, which is arranged on the outside of the component (1m) and is held on the component (1m) by means of the at least one reinforcing element (9). Method for subsequently reinforcing a component (1; 1a; 1b; 1c; 1d; 1e; 1f; 1g) having a discontinuity region (5; 5a; 5b; 5c; 5d; 5e; 5f; 5g; 5h; 5i; 5j; 5k). ; 1h; 1i; 1j; 1k) comprising the process steps - Providing the component (1; 1a; 1b; 1c; 1d; 1e; 1f; 1g; 1h; 1i; 1j; 1k) with a discontinuity area (5; 5a; 5b; 5c; 5d; 5e; 5f; 5g; 5h ; 5i; 5j; 5k), - Attaching at least one reinforcing element (9) at least in sections within a borehole (6) in the discontinuity area (5; 5a; 5b; 5c; 5d; 5e; 5f; 5g; 5h; 5i; 5j; 5k), - End-side anchoring of the at least one reinforcing element (9) to the component (1; 1a; 1b; 1c; 1d; 1e; 1f; 1g; 1h; 1i; 1j; 1k).

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