EP4050170B1 - Building with thermally insulating building element - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to a building according to claim 1 with a thermally insulating component
It is known to arrange thermally insulating components between adjacent building parts in order to achieve improved thermal insulation. Such thermally insulating components can be arranged in a vertical direction between a wall or support and a ceiling or foundation. For this application, it is known to provide thermally insulating components that are designed in the manner of a brick.

From the EP 2 151 531 A2 Such a heat-insulating brick is known. Free-standing support columns are provided as supporting elements, which extend from the lower to the upper support surface of the thermal insulation body of the brick.

The CH 710 940 A2 discloses a thermal connection element with an insulating body in which pressure elements are arranged. Transverse force-transmitting rods are provided for the transmission of transverse forces.

The DE 94 13 502 U1 discloses a component for thermal insulation in masonry, which comprises a thermal insulation body through which several vertical support columns extend, which are connected to one another by abutting webs.

Thermally insulating components are also known which are intended to be arranged between horizontally adjacent building parts. Such heat-insulating ones Components are used, for example, to connect projecting building parts such as balconies or the like. Such a thermally insulating component is, for example, from EP 1 892 344 A1 and the EP 2 937 481 A1 known.

The present invention is based on the object of specifying a building that has an advantageous structure.

This task is achieved with regard to the building by a building with the features of claim 1.

It has surprisingly been shown that for the connection and thermal separation of structural parts lying vertically one above the other, thermally insulating components can be used, the structure of which is similar to the structure of thermally insulating components that are used for the connection of horizontally adjacent structural parts. This has the advantage that only an adjustment of the thermally insulating components previously used for the horizontal installation position is necessary. In particular, force-transmitting elements previously used exclusively for the horizontal installation position, in particular thrust bearings, can be used to connect a wall or support to a ceiling or a foundation. The insulating body, which was previously used exclusively for connecting horizontally adjacent components, can also advantageously be used in an adapted design. Compared to an insulating body that connects horizontally adjacent components to one another, only the type, number and/or position of the force-transmitting elements in the insulating body is preferably changed. Depending on the application, it can also be provided that a thermally insulating component previously intended for connecting horizontally adjacent components can be used without modification for connecting a wall or support to a ceiling or a foundation.

For a thermally insulating component according to claim 1, it is provided that the thermally insulating component has force-transmitting elements which protrude through the insulating body at least from the first longitudinal side to the second longitudinal side. The force-transmitting elements extend beyond the long sides up and down into the adjacent parts of the building. At least a first force-transmitting element consists of castable, non-metallic material and is designed as a thrust thrust bearing. The thrust bearing is designed to transmit vertically directed compressive forces and to transmit transverse forces directed horizontally and perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the insulation joint. These transverse forces can, for example, be forces acting on a wall in the horizontal direction, such as wind forces or the like. Such thrust bearings are easily available because they are already used to connect projecting building parts such as balconies or the like. This eliminates the need to design special force-transmitting elements for installation between structural parts lying one above the other.

The pressure thrust bearing advantageously has at least one projection projecting over a long side into the adjacent structural part, which has a pressure surface for absorbing the transverse forces, the pressure surface being at a distance of at least from the end face of the insulating body, from the side of which a transverse force to be absorbed by this pressure surface acts a third of the width of the insulating body. The width of the insulating body is measured in the transverse direction of the insulation joint and horizontally. Because the pressure surface is at a distance of at least one third of the width of the insulating body from the end face of the insulating body from which the transverse force to be absorbed acts, there is sufficient concrete coverage of the pressure surface by the adjacent structural part. This makes it possible to safely introduce the transverse force to be absorbed and prevents the concrete of the adjacent part of the building from breaking off on the pressure surface.

The pressure surface is inclined to the horizontal to absorb the transverse forces. The printing surface preferably forms an angle of at least 20°, in particular of at least 30°, with the horizontal at every point. Accordingly, only the area which forms an angle of at least 20°, in particular of at least 30°, with the horizontal is considered to be the printing surface. Adjacent areas of the pressure thrust bearing, which form an angle of less than 20°, in particular less than 30°, with the horizontal, i.e. are comparatively flat, are preferably not viewed as part of the pressure surface.

The width of the projection is advantageously at most 40% of the width of the thrust bearing. The width of the projection and the width of the thrust bearing are measured in the transverse direction of the insulation joint and horizontally. The projection therefore extends over less than half the width of the thrust bearing. This makes it easy to achieve a sufficient distance from the opposite end face of the insulating body. The length of the projection is advantageously at most twice the width of the projection. The length of the projection is measured in the longitudinal direction of the insulation joint. The width of the projection is measured in the transverse direction of the insulation joint and horizontally. The projection preferably has a comparatively compact shape and not an elongated shape.

The pressure thrust bearing is advantageously arranged centrally in the insulating body in the transverse direction of the insulation joint. The insulating body advantageously has opposite end faces which run parallel to the longitudinal direction of the insulation joint. The thrust bearing is advantageously arranged centrally between the end faces of the insulating body.

An independent idea concerns the design of the insulating body. The design of the insulating body is independent of the design of the first force-transmitting element as a thrust bearing, which is designed to transmit transverse forces directed horizontally and perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the insulation joint.

In known buildings, brick-shaped components are often used as a thermally insulating component between building parts that run at least partially vertically one above the other, the insulating body of which consists of lightweight concrete or dimensionally stable foam. It is now particularly intended to design the insulating body as a storage box filled with insulating material. Such storage boxes filled with insulating material are known as insulating bodies for the connection of cantilevered components such as balconies, i.e. for arrangement between building parts that are adjacent in the horizontal direction. It has now been shown that storage boxes filled with insulating material can be used advantageously as insulating bodies for arrangement in an insulating joint in which the adjacent structural parts run above and below the insulating joint. As a result, no other insulating bodies are required for connecting structural parts above and below an insulation joint than for connecting structural parts lying on both sides next to an insulation joint.

In a preferred design, the storage box is made of plastic and the insulating material is mineral wool. Preferably, the at least one first force-transmitting element is positioned in the storage box. All force-transmitting elements of the thermally insulating component are advantageously positioned in the storage box. The force-transmitting elements are thereby prepositioned and held via the storage box during assembly of the thermally insulating component, so that the thermally insulating component is easy to install.

Advantageously, at least one further first force-transmitting element is a thrust bearing.

In an advantageous embodiment, the at least one thrust bearing is arranged centrally in the insulating body with respect to the transverse direction of the insulation joint.

It can be provided that all first force-transmitting elements are thrust bearings. In alternative It can be provided that the thermally insulating component comprises both at least one thrust bearing and at least one thrust bearing. At least one thrust bearing can be designed to absorb transverse forces directed horizontally and perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the insulation joint.

It can be provided that at least one thrust bearing or alternatively all thrust bearings are designed to absorb horizontal forces acting in the longitudinal direction of the insulation joint. For this purpose, in particular, a thrust bearing designed to absorb transverse forces directed horizontally and perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the insulation joint is installed in an orientation rotated by 90 ° about the vertical axis. In an advantageous embodiment variant, all thrust thrust bearings of the component are designed identically, but arranged differently, so that forces in the longitudinal direction of the insulation joint and forces transverse to the longitudinal direction of the insulation joint and in the horizontal direction can be absorbed.

The castable, non-metallic material of the at least one first force-transmitting element is advantageously high-strength concrete or high-strength mortar. The castable, non-metallic material is particularly preferably ultra-high-strength concrete or ultra-high-strength mortar. In an advantageous design, the castable, non-metallic material is fiber-reinforced. The fibers can be, for example, metal fibers or carbon fibers. Fiber reinforcement made from other materials can also be advantageous.

Both tensile forces and transverse forces can be transmitted via the insulating joint via a force-transmitting element not according to the invention made up of two tension rods, which are connected to one another in a force-transmitting manner via a shear plate. The small cross-section of the shear plate results in a good insulating effect. The force-transmitting element consisting of two tension rods and a push plate also has a simple structure. The tension rods are preferably arranged on opposite vertical edges of the push plate. The thickness of the shear plate measured in the longitudinal direction of the insulation joint is preferably smaller than the diameter of at least one tension rod. This allows a good insulating effect to be achieved.

The insulating body of the thermally insulating component is preferably elongated and has a significantly greater length than conventional masonry stones. This is particularly advantageous for connecting a wall to a ceiling or foundation. The number of thermally insulating components required over the length of the wall can thereby be kept low. The length of the insulating body measured in the longitudinal direction of the insulation joint is advantageously at least 5 times the height of the insulating body. The height of the insulating body is measured from the first long side to the second long side in the vertical direction. The length of the insulating body measured in the longitudinal direction of the insulation joint advantageously corresponds to the length of the thermally insulating component measured in the longitudinal direction of the insulation joint.

The length of the insulating body measured in the longitudinal direction of the insulation joint is advantageously at least 5 times the width of the insulating body measured in the transverse direction of the insulation joint and horizontally.

Thermally insulating components can also be used to connect a support, the insulating body of which has a length that approximately corresponds to the width of the insulating body. For connecting a support, the length of the insulating body can be, for example, one third to three times the width of the insulating body.

All force-transmitting elements of the thermally insulating component are advantageously designed separately from one another and separated from one another by the insulating body. In particular, the thrust bearings and thrust bearings of tension rods and shear force rods are designed separately. The tension bars and shear bars point to the Pressure bearings and/or thrust bearings are advantageously spaced apart in the longitudinal direction of the insulation joint.

Fig. 1

eine schematische Darstellung eines Bauwerks mit einem ersten Ausführungsbeispiel eines thermisch isolierenden Bauelements,

Fig. 2

eine schematische Darstellung eines Bauwerks mit einem weiteren Ausführungsbeispiel eines thermisch isolierenden Bauelements in Abwandlung des Ausführungsbeispiels nach Fig. 1,

Fig. 3 bis Fig. 7

schematische Darstellungen von Ausführungsbeispielen von Bauwerken mit dem thermisch isolierenden Bauelement aus Fig. 2,

Fig. 8

eine schematische Darstellung des Ausführungsbeispiels nach Fig. 1 in Richtung des Pfeils VIII in Fig. 1,

Fig. 9

eine ausschnittsweise vergrößerte schematische Darstellung des Ausführungsbeispiels nach Fig. 1 im Bereich des Isolierkörpers,

Fig. 10

eine schematische Darstellung eines Bauwerks mit einem weiteren Ausführungsbeispiel eines thermisch isolierenden Bauelements,

Fig. 11

eine schematische Darstellung eines weiteren Bauwerks mit einem thermisch isolierenden Bauelement in Abwandlung des Ausführungsbeispiels nach Fig. 10,

Fig. 12 bis Fig. 16

schematische Darstellungen von Ausführungsbeispielen von Bauwerken mit dem thermisch isolierenden Bauelement aus Fig. 11,

Fig. 17

eine schematische Darstellung eines weiteren Ausführungsbeispiels eines Bauwerks mit einem thermisch isolierenden Bauelement,

Fig. 18

eine schematische Darstellung eines weiteren Ausführungsbeispiels eines Bauwerks mit einem thermisch isolierenden Bauelement in Abwandlung des Ausführungsbeispiels nach Fig. 17,

Fig. 19 bis Fig. 23

schematische Darstellungen von Ausführungsbeispielen von Bauwerken mit dem thermisch isolierenden Bauelement gemäß Fig. 18,

Fig. 24

ein weiteres Ausführungsbeispiel eines Bauwerks mit einem thermisch isolierenden Bauelement in schematischer Darstellung,

Fig. 25

eine schematische Darstellung eines weiteren Bauwerks mit einem thermisch isolierenden Bauelement in Abwandlung des Ausführungsbeispiels nach Fig. 24,

Fig. 26 bis Fig. 30

schematische Darstellungen von Ausführungsbeispielen von Bauwerken mit dem thermisch isolierenden Bauelement aus Fig. 25,

Fig. 31

ein nicht erfindungsgemäßes Ausführungsbeispiel eines Bauwerks mit einem thermisch isolierenden Bauelement in schematischer Darstellung,

Fig. 32

eine schematische Darstellung eines weiteren Bauwerks mit einem thermisch isolierenden Bauelement in Abwandlung des Ausführungsbeispiels nach Fig. 31,

Fig. 33 bis Fig. 37

schematische Darstellungen von Ausführungsbeispielen von Bauwerken mit dem thermisch isolierenden Bauelement aus Fig. 32,

Fig. 38

ein weiteres nicht erfindungsgemäßes Ausführungsbeispiel eines Bauwerks mit einem thermisch isolierenden Bauelement in schematischer Darstellung,

Fig. 39

eine schematische Darstellung eines weiteren Bauwerks mit einem thermisch isolierenden Bauelement in Abwandlung des Ausführungsbeispiels nach Fig. 38,

Fig. 40 bis Fig. 44

schematische Darstellungen von Ausführungsbeispielen von Bauwerken mit dem thermisch isolierenden Bauelement aus Fig. 39,

Fig. 45

ein weiteres nicht erfindungsgemäßes Ausführungsbeispiel eines Bauwerks mit einem thermisch isolierenden Bauelement in schematischer Darstellung,

Fig. 46

eine schematische Darstellung eines weiteren Bauwerks mit einem thermisch isolierenden Bauelement in Abwandlung des Ausführungsbeispiels nach Fig. 45,

Fig. 47 bis Fig. 51

schematische Darstellungen von Ausführungsbeispielen von Bauwerken mit dem thermisch isolierenden Bauelement aus Fig. 46,

Fig. 52

eine schematische Darstellung einer nicht erfindungsgemäßen Ausführung eines Bauwerks mit einem thermisch isolierenden Bauelement,

Fig. 53

eine schematische Darstellung des thermisch isolierenden Bauelements aus Fig. 52,

Fig. 54

eine vergrößerte Darstellung eines Ausschnitts des kraftübertragenden Elements aus Fig. 53,

Fig. 55

eine schematische Draufsicht auf das kraftübertragende Element aus Fig. 54,

Fig. 56

eine schematische Darstellung eines Bauwerks mit einem thermisch isolierenden Bauelement nach dem Stand der Technik,

Fig. 57 bis Fig. 62

weitere mögliche Anordnungen des thermisch isolierenden Bauelements aus Fig. 56.

Exemplary embodiments of the invention are explained below with reference to the drawing. Show it:

Fig. 1

a schematic representation of a building with a first exemplary embodiment of a thermally insulating component,

Fig. 2

a schematic representation of a building with a further exemplary embodiment of a thermally insulating component in a modification of the exemplary embodiment Fig. 1 ,

Fig. 3 to Fig. 7

schematic representations of exemplary embodiments of buildings with the thermally insulating component Fig. 2 ,

Fig. 8

a schematic representation of the exemplary embodiment Fig. 1 in the direction of arrow VIII in Fig. 1 ,

Fig. 9

a partially enlarged schematic representation of the exemplary embodiment Fig. 1 in the area of the insulating body,

Fig. 10

a schematic representation of a building with a further exemplary embodiment of a thermally insulating component,

Fig. 11

a schematic representation of another structure with a thermally insulating component in a modification of the exemplary embodiment Fig. 10 ,

Fig. 12 to Fig. 16

schematic representations of exemplary embodiments of buildings with the thermally insulating component Fig. 11 ,

Fig. 17

a schematic representation of a further exemplary embodiment of a building with a thermally insulating component,

Fig. 18

a schematic representation of a further exemplary embodiment of a building with a thermally insulating component in a modification of the exemplary embodiment Fig. 17 ,

Fig. 19 to Fig. 23

schematic representations of exemplary embodiments of buildings with the thermally insulating component according to Fig. 18 ,

Fig. 24

a further exemplary embodiment of a building with a thermally insulating component in a schematic representation,

Fig. 25

a schematic representation of another structure with a thermally insulating component in a modification of the exemplary embodiment Fig. 24 ,

Fig. 26 to Fig. 30

schematic representations of exemplary embodiments of buildings with the thermally insulating component Fig. 25 ,

Fig. 31

a non-inventive embodiment of a building with a thermally insulating component in a schematic representation,

Fig. 32

a schematic representation of another structure with a thermally insulating component in a modification of the exemplary embodiment Fig. 31 ,

Fig. 33 to Fig. 37

schematic representations of exemplary embodiments of buildings with the thermally insulating component Fig. 32 ,

Fig. 38

a further exemplary embodiment not according to the invention of a building with a thermally insulating component in a schematic representation,

Fig. 39

a schematic representation of another structure with a thermally insulating component in a modification of the exemplary embodiment Fig. 38 ,

Fig. 40 to Fig. 44

schematic representations of exemplary embodiments of buildings with the thermally insulating component Fig. 39 ,

Fig. 45

a further exemplary embodiment not according to the invention of a building with a thermally insulating component in a schematic representation,

Fig. 46

a schematic representation of another structure with a thermally insulating component in a modification of the exemplary embodiment Fig. 45 ,

Fig. 47 to Fig. 51

schematic representations of exemplary embodiments of buildings with the thermally insulating component Fig. 46 ,

Fig. 52

a schematic representation of an embodiment of a building not according to the invention with a thermally insulating component,

Fig. 53

a schematic representation of the thermally insulating component Fig. 52 ,

Fig. 54

an enlarged view of a section of the force-transmitting element Fig. 53 ,

Fig. 55

a schematic top view of the force-transmitting element Fig. 54 ,

Fig. 56

a schematic representation of a building with a thermally insulating component according to the prior art,

Fig. 57 to Fig. 62

further possible arrangements of the thermally insulating component Fig. 56 .

Fig. 1 shows schematically a building 1 with a first building part 2 and a second building part 3. The first building part 2 can be a wall or support. The second structural part 3 can also be a wall or support. Other possible designs for the two building parts 2 and 3 are shown in the following figures. The first structural part 2 runs in relation to the vertical S above the second structural part 3. In the exemplary embodiment Fig. 1 the first structural part 2 and the second structural part 3 are aligned vertically, and the first structural part 2 is arranged above the second structural part 3. The structural parts 2 and 3 are made of concrete, advantageously made of in-situ concrete.

The building parts 2 and 3 are connected to one another via a thermally insulating component 6. The thermally insulating component has an insulating body 7.

An insulating joint 4 is formed between the structural parts 2 and 3. The insulating body 7 of the thermally insulating component 6 is arranged in the insulation joint 4 between the structural parts 2 and 3. The insulating body 7 has a first longitudinal side 19 running at the top and a second longitudinal side 20 running at the bottom. In the exemplary embodiment, the first long side 19 lies completely vertically above the second long side 20. It can also be provided that the structural parts 2 and 3 are opposite to the illustration in Fig. 1 run tilted, for example when connecting an inclined wall or an inclined roof section. The first long side 19 runs at least partially perpendicularly above the second long side 20, even in an inclined arrangement. The insulating body 7 has opposite end faces 26 and 27. The end faces 26 and 27 of the insulating body 7 each extend from the first long side 19 to the second long side 20 of the insulating body 7 Fig. 1 In the installation situation shown, the end faces 26 and 27 run vertically. The end faces 27 and 27 advantageously run flush with the inside and outside sides of the building parts 2 and 3.

To transmit forces between the structural parts 2 and 3, the thermally insulating component 6 has force-transmitting elements which protrude through the insulating body 7 at least from the first longitudinal side 19 to the second longitudinal side 20. Preferably, at least some of the force-transmitting elements protrude beyond the long sides 19 and 20 and protrude into the structural parts 2 and 3. The force-transmitting elements are preferably surrounded by the concrete of the building parts 2 and 3, so that there is good force transmission between the concrete and the force-transmitting elements. In the exemplary embodiment, thrust bearings 10 and tension rods 11 are provided as force-transmitting elements. In Fig. 1 A tension rod 11 and a thrust bearing 10 are shown schematically. Advantageously, several tension rods 11 and several thrust bearings 10 are provided in the longitudinal direction 5 of the insulation joint 4, each at a distance from one another.

The thrust bearing 10 has two projections 15 and 16 which protrude over the first longitudinal side 19 into the first structural part 2. On the opposite side, the thrust bearing 10 has projections 17 and 18 which protrude into the second structural part 3. Based on the installation position, the projections 15 and 16 are arranged on the top and the projections 17 and 18 on the underside of the thrust thrust bearing 10.

The tension rod 11 has anchoring sections 12 which protrude into the structural parts 2 and 3. In the exemplary embodiment, the tension rod 11 is designed as a straight rod and the anchoring sections 12 as comparatively long, straight sections of the tension rod 11. A different design of the anchoring sections 12 can also be provided.

Compressive forces F _D , tensile forces Fz and transverse forces F _Q1 , F _Q2 are to be transmitted in both directions via the insulation joint 4. The compressive force F _D and the tensile force Fz act parallel to the vertical S. The transverse forces F _Q1 and F _Q2 act in the exemplary embodiment in the transverse direction 28 of the insulation joint 4 and in the horizontal direction, i.e. perpendicular to the vertical S. To transmit the compressive force F _D and the transverse forces F _Q1 , F _Q2, the at least one thrust bearing 10 is provided. The tensile force Fz is transmitted via the at least one tension rod 11. The insulation joint 4 has a longitudinal direction 5, which is shown in the illustration Fig. 1 runs perpendicular to the plane of the sheet. The longitudinal direction 5 runs horizontally between the longitudinal sides 19 and 20 and between the end faces 26 and 27 of the insulating body 7. The longitudinal direction 5 runs perpendicular to a transverse direction 28 of the component 6. The transverse direction 28 runs horizontally and, in the in Fig. 1 Installation position shown, perpendicular to the end faces 26 and 27. If the thermally insulating component 6 is installed at an angle, the transverse direction 28 can be inclined to the end faces 26 and 27.

The thrust thrust bearing 10 is made of castable, non-metallic material. The castable, non-metallic material is advantageously high-strength concrete or high-strength mortar. As a result, very large compressive forces F _D and can be exerted via the thrust bearing 10 Transverse forces F _Q1 , F _Q2 are transmitted with a small cross section of the thrust bearing 10. The castable, non-metallic material is particularly preferably ultra-high-strength concrete or ultra-high-strength mortar. In an advantageous design, the castable, non-metallic material is fiber-reinforced. The fibers can be, for example, metal fibers or carbon fibers. Fiber reinforcement made from other materials can also be advantageous.

The thrust bearing 10 has opposite end faces 35 and 36, which in the exemplary embodiment extend vertically and parallel to the longitudinal direction 5 of the insulating joint 4. In the exemplary embodiment, the end faces 35 and 36 run parallel to the end faces 26 and 27 of the insulating body 7. In the exemplary embodiment, the end faces 35 and 36 are flat and have a constant distance from one another. However, a different design of the end faces 35 and 36 of the thrust bearing 10 can also be advantageous. The end faces 35 and 36 can, for example, be inclined to one another in sections or over their entire length. Preferably, the thrust bearing has a reduced extension in the longitudinal direction, transverse direction and/or vertical direction at at least one point within the insulating body 7. As a result, the heat transfer between the building parts 2 and 3 can be reduced and the insulating effect can be improved.

Fig. 2 shows schematically a section of a structure 1, for example a building, with a first, vertically extending structural part 2, for example a wall or support, and a second, horizontally extending structural part 3, for example a floor or a foundation. In an insulation joint 4 between the structural parts 2 and 3, the insulating body 7 of a thermally insulating component 6 is arranged, which is similar to that in Fig. 1 thermally insulating component 6 shown is formed. In contrast to the thermally insulating component 6 Fig. 1 is the at least one tension rod 11 of the thermally insulating component 6 Fig. 2 only formed straight on the anchoring section 12 projecting into the first structural part 2. The anchoring section projecting into the second structural part 3 12 is provided with an angled section 14, which is comparatively short and carries a flattened anchor head 13 at its end. As a result, anchoring in the concrete of the structural part 3 can be achieved at a smaller distance from the insulating body 7. The second structural part 3 follows in the exemplary embodiment Fig. 2 horizontally, so that less space is available in the vertical direction for anchoring than in the exemplary embodiment Fig. 1 .

Fig. 3 shows a section of a building 1, in which the building parts 2 and 3 as well as the thermally insulating component 6 are closed accordingly Fig. 2 are arranged. The same reference numbers designate corresponding elements in all figures. The first structural part 2 carries additional insulation made of insulating material 21. The insulating material 21 is preferably provided on an outside 31 of the structural part 2 designed as a wall made of concrete. The second structural part 3 extends from the opposite inside 32 of the structural part 2. The second structural part 3 carries insulating material 21 on its upper side 33. The insulating material 21 on the upper side 33 runs in an extension of the insulating body 7 of the thermally insulating component 6 and in the exemplary embodiment has the the same height as the insulating body 7. The insulating body 7 extends to the insulating material 21 attached to the outside 31 of the building part 2. In this arrangement, the second building part 3 is preferably a foundation.

Fig. 4 shows an arrangement of the thermally insulating component 6, in which the first structural part 2 is a wall or support that rises from a central region of the second structural part 3. The insulating body 7 of the thermally insulating component 6 is arranged in the foot area of the building part 2 and between the building parts 2 and 3. The second building part 3 can be, for example, a foundation. The second structural part 3 carries on its top 33 insulating material 21, which connects to the insulating body 7 of the component 6 on both sides and preferably has the same height as the insulating body 7.

In the exemplary embodiment according to Fig. 5 the thermally insulating component 6 is arranged between a first structural part 2 designed as a floor ceiling and a second structural part 3 designed as a wall or support. The second building part 3 runs essentially vertically and the first building part 2 runs essentially horizontally. The angled section 14 of the thermally insulating component 6 projects into the first structural part 2 and, based on the installation position, upwards from the insulating body 7. The building parts 2 and 3 are, for example, covered towards the outside of the building by insulating material 21, which extends continuously both on the first building part 2 and on the insulating body 7 and on the second building part 3.

Fig. 6 shows the arrangement of the thermally insulating component 6 between a first structural part 2, which forms a building ceiling, and a second structural part 3, which can be designed as a wall or support. The first building part 2 is aligned horizontally and the second building part 3 is vertical. The first structural part 2 runs above the second structural part 3. The angled section 14 of the tension rod 11 projects into the first structural part 2. Insulating material 21 extends on the outside 31 of the second structural part 3 and on an underside of the first structural part 2. The insulating body 7 is between the insulating material 21 arranged on the outside 31 of the structural part 3 and the on the underside 34 of the structural part 2.

Fig. 7 shows a corresponding arrangement in which the first structural part 2 extends from the second structural part 3 in both directions and not, as in Fig. 6 , above the outside 31 ends.

Fig. 8 shows schematically the arrangement of the thermally insulating component 6 in an insulation joint 4 in a side view. The tension rods 11 and thrust bearings 10 are shown in the schematic representation, although in the actual design these preferably do not protrude to an end face 26, 27 of the insulating body 7 and are therefore not visible in a side view. How Fig. 8 shows are several thrust bearings 10 are provided at a regular distance from one another, which protrude through the insulating body 7 from the first long side 18 to the second long side 20 and on the first long side 19 and the second long side 20 with their projections 15, 16, 17, 18 over the long sides 19 and 20 into the Building parts 2 and 3 protrude into it.

The thrust bearings 10 have transverse sides 37 and 38 that run transversely to the longitudinal direction 5 of the insulating joint 4. In the exemplary embodiment, the transverse sides 37 and 38 run parallel to one another, so that the extension of the thrust bearing 10 in the longitudinal direction of the insulating joint 4 is constant. However, the transverse sides 37 and 38 can also be inclined to one another, so that the extension of the thrust bearing 10 in the longitudinal direction of the insulation joint 4 changes in the horizontal and/or vertical direction. In particular, a recess is provided on one or both transverse sides 37, 38, at which the extension of the thrust bearing 10 is reduced.

In the view in Fig. 8 the projections 15 and 17 are shown and the projections 16 and 18 are located behind the drawing plane. When viewed in the transverse direction 28 of the insulation joint 4 ( Fig. 9 ), the projections 15, 16, 17 and 18 are rounded. Therefore, longitudinal forces F _L cannot be transmitted or cannot be transmitted significantly via the projections 15 to 18. Longitudinal forces F _L are forces that act in the longitudinal direction 5 of the insulation joint 4. Compressive forces F _D are transmitted by the thrust bearings 10. A tension rod 11 is arranged at a short distance from each thrust bearing 10. Tensile forces Fz are transmitted via the tension rods 11. The distance between adjacent thrust bearings 10 is significantly larger than the distance between a thrust bearing 10 and the adjacent tension rod 11. The insulating body 7 has, as Fig. 8 shows an elongated shape. The insulating body 7 has a length p, which is measured in the longitudinal direction 5 of the insulation joint 4. The insulating body 7 also has a height r, which is measured in the direction of the vertical S. The length p is significantly greater than the height r. The length p is advantageously at least 5 times the height r.

In Fig. 9 is the design of the insulating body 7 of the thermally insulating component 6 from the Fig. 1 to 8 shown in detail. The insulating body 7 has the two opposite end faces 26 and 27, which connect the long sides 19 and 20 to one another. In the exemplary embodiment, the insulating body 7 is formed by a storage box 8 in which insulating material 9 is arranged. The storage box 8 is advantageously made of plastic and is constructed in particular from extruded plastic profiles. In the exemplary embodiment, the storage box 8 has longitudinal webs 29 on the long sides 19 and 20 and adjacent to the end faces 26 and 27.

The insulating body 7 has a width e measured in the transverse direction 28. The width e advantageously corresponds to the width of the insulation joint 4. The width e advantageously corresponds to the width of the structural part 2, 3, which has the smaller extension in the transverse direction 28, so that the structural parts 2 and 3 cover the insulation joint 4 over the entire width e of the insulating body 7 limit. The length p of the insulating body 7 is advantageously at least 5 times the width e of the insulating body 7. This is particularly advantageous if the thermally insulating component 6 is used to connect a wall to a ceiling or a foundation. When connecting a support to a ceiling or a foundation, other dimensions of the insulating body 7, in particular a significantly shorter length p of the insulating body 7, can be advantageous.

How Fig. 9 also shows, the at least one thrust bearing 10 and the at least one tension rod 11 are held in the storage box 8. In Fig. 9 the thrust bearing 10 and the tension rod 11 are shown in the same cross section without any distance in the longitudinal direction 5 of the insulation joint 4. It can be provided that tension rod 11 and thrust bearing 10 are arranged in the same cross section perpendicular to the longitudinal direction 5 or that tension rod 11 and thrust bearing 10 are at a distance from one another in the longitudinal direction 5, as in Fig. 9 shown.

How Fig. 9 also shows, the projection 15 has a pressure surface 22, the projection 16 has a pressure surface 23, the projection 17 has a pressure surface 24 and the projection 18 a pressure surface 25. The pressure surface 22 is intended to absorb transverse forces F _Q2 , which act on the first structural part 2 in the direction of the end face 27. The pressure surface 25 of the projection 18 transmits these forces into the second structural part 3. Accordingly, the pressure surfaces 23 and 24 of the projections 16 and 17 work together to transmit transverse forces F _Q1 from the first structural part 2 to the second structural part 3, which are in the direction of the end face 26 act on the first building part 2. The first projection 15 and the second projection 17 are arranged closer to the end face 26 of the insulating body 7 than the projections 16 and 18. The projections 16 and 18 are arranged closer to the end face 27 and further away from the end face 26 than the projections 15 and 17. The pressure surfaces 22 and 23 of the projections 15 and 16 face each other and form a concave contour in side view. Accordingly, the pressure surfaces 24 and 25 of the projections 17 and 18 face each other and form an approximately concave contour in a side view. The pressure surfaces 22 to 25 enclose an angle α with the horizontal H, which in the installed state shown runs parallel to the transverse direction 28, which is at least 20°, in particular at least 30°. The angle α of each pressure surface 22 to 25 opens in the direction of the closer end face 26 or 27. The pressure surface 22 rises towards the end face 26 and the pressure surface 23 towards the end face 27. The pressure surface 24 drops towards the end face 26 and the Pressure surface 25 towards the end face 27.

In order to ensure sufficient concrete coverage of the pressure surfaces 22, 23, 24 and 25, it is provided that the pressure surface acts towards the end face 26, 27 of the insulating body 7, from the side of which a transverse force F _Q1 , F _Q2 to be absorbed by this pressure surface 22 to 25 acts, a distance a, b, c, d of at least one third of the width e of the insulating body 7 measured in the transverse direction 28 of the insulation joint 4 and horizontally. In the exemplary embodiment, the pressure surface 22 has a distance a from the end face 27, from which the pressure force F _Q2 to be absorbed acts, which is more than a third, in particular more than half, preferably more than two thirds of the width e. The pressure surface 24 is arranged symmetrically to the pressure surface 22 and at the same distance from the end face 27. The pressure surface 23 has a distance b from the end face 26, which is more is more than a third, in particular more than half, of the width e of the insulating body 7. The pressure surface 25 is designed symmetrically to the pressure surface 23 and is arranged at a distance d from the end face 26, which corresponds to the distance e. All distances a, b, c, d are measured in the horizontal direction and parallel to the transverse direction 28.

The width g of each projection 22 to 25 measured in the transverse direction 28 of the insulating joint 4 is advantageously at most 40% of the width i of the thrust bearing 10 measured in the transverse direction 28. The length f of each projection 22 to 25 measured in the longitudinal direction 5 of the insulating joint 4, which is in Fig. 8 is shown, is advantageously at most twice the width g of the respective projection 22 to 25. The projections 22 to 25 are therefore compact.

In the exemplary embodiment, the end faces 35, 36 of the thrust bearing 10 run parallel to one another. This results in a constant width i of the thrust bearing 10 over its entire height r. If the end faces 35 and 36 run differently, the width can change over the height r. The width i is the total width of the thrust bearing 10.

In the exemplary embodiment, each thrust bearing 10 has four projections 15, 16, 17, 18. A different number of projections, for example exactly one projection on the first long side 19 and exactly one projection on the second long side 20, can also be advantageous. If only one projection is provided on one long side 19, 20, the projection is advantageously arranged centrally between the end faces 35 and 36. In particular, each projection has two pressure surfaces which face the opposite end faces 26, 27 of the insulating body.

Fig. 10 shows an exemplary embodiment of a thermally insulating component 6, which is arranged between a first structural part 2 and a second structural part 3. In contrast to the components 6 shown in the previous exemplary embodiments, the thermally insulating component is Fig. 10 the thrust bearing 10 arranged centrally between the end faces 26 and 27 of the insulating body 7. The thrust bearing 10 is therefore arranged centrally in relation to the transverse direction 28 of the insulation joint 4. A tension rod 11 runs between each side of the thrust bearing 10 and the facing end face 26 or 27 of the insulating body 7.

Fig. 11 to 16 show the thermally insulating component 6 Fig. 10 in different installation variants. One of the building parts 2, 3 is designed as a floor ceiling or foundation and runs horizontally. The tension rods 11 are connected to one another in this horizontally extending building part 2 or 3 and are designed as an arch, so that overall there is a U-shaped design of the tension element and both tension rods 11 form a common force-transmitting element.

In the exemplary embodiment according to Fig. 17 A thrust bearing 10 and two transverse force rods 30 arranged in pairs are provided. The transverse force bars 30 run obliquely to the vertical in the area of the insulating body 7. The transverse force bars 30 cross each other in the longitudinal direction 5 of the insulation joint 4 in the area of the thrust bearing 10, preferably in the middle. The ends of the transverse force rods 30 each run parallel to one another and form anchoring sections 12 which are embedded in the first structural part 2 and in the second structural part 3. The thermally insulating component 6 Fig. 17 serves primarily to transmit compressive forces F _D and shear forces F _Q1 , F _Q2 ( Fig. 1 ) between building parts 2 and 3.

The Fig. 18 to 23 show an embodiment variant of the thermally insulating component 6, in which the transverse force bars 30 are connected to one another in the structural part that is horizontally aligned and thus form a bow-shaped anchoring section 12.

Fig. 24 shows a thermally insulating component corresponding to Fig. 17 , with two additional tension rods 11 being provided. The component 6 is constructed symmetrically, between the thrust bearing 10 and each end face 26, 27 of the insulating body 7 a tension rod 10 runs. The Fig. 25 to 30 show the thermally insulating component 6 Fig. 24 in different installation variants. The thermally insulating component 6 is modified in such a way that the two tension rods 11 and the two transverse force rods 30 are connected to one another in the structural part 2, 3, which is designed as a horizontal plate, so that a reinforcement loop results.

Fig. 31 shows an embodiment not according to the invention of a thermally insulating component 6, which comprises an insulating body 7, two tension rods 11 arranged in pairs and a thrust bearing 40. In the schematic representation, the thrust bearing 40 protrudes slightly into the structural parts 2 and 3. Alternatively, the thrust bearing 40 can also end flush with the insulating body 7 and not protrude into the structural parts 2 and 3. The thrust bearing 40 is not designed to transmit forces in the longitudinal direction 5 or transverse direction 28 of the insulation joint 4. The two tension rods 11 are arranged on both sides of the thrust bearing 40 in a sectional plane perpendicular to the longitudinal direction 5. The tension rods 11 and the thrust bearing 40 are advantageously arranged in the same cross section. However, an arrangement with a distance or offset in the longitudinal direction 5 can also be provided. A plurality of tension rods 11 and thrust bearings 40 arranged in pairs are advantageously provided along the length of the insulating body 7.

The thrust bearing 40 is arranged centrally in the insulating body 7 with respect to the transverse direction 28.

The Fig. 32 to 37 show different installation variants of the thermally insulating component Fig. 31 , wherein the two tension rods 11 are connected to one another to form an anchoring section 12 in the structural part 2 or 3, which runs horizontally, and form a loop for anchoring.

In the non-inventive embodiments according to Fig. 38 to 44 the thermally insulating component 6 comprises, in addition to an insulating body 7 and at least one thrust bearing 40, transverse force rods 30, which are arranged in pairs and crossing each other. If one of the Building parts 2 or 3 are designed as floor slabs or foundations, as in the Fig. 39 to 44 , the shear bars 30 in this structural part 2, 3 are connected to each other and form a loop as anchoring section 12.

The exemplary embodiments not according to the invention Fig. 45 to 51 show thermally insulating components 6 with an insulating body 7, at least one thrust bearing 40, pairs of intersecting transverse force rods 30 and two tension rods 11 assigned to each thrust bearing 40. In the exemplary embodiment not according to the invention Fig. 46 to 51 The shear force rods 30 and the tension rods 11 are each connected to one another in the building part 2 or 3 designed as a floor ceiling or foundation to form an anchoring section 12.

Fig. 52 shows a building 1 with building parts 2 and 3, in whose insulation joint 4 an insulating body 7 runs. Tension rods 11 are provided for power transmission Fig. 53 shows, each connected to one another via a push plate. In the exemplary embodiment not according to the invention, the push plate 50 is arranged completely in the insulating body 7 and the tension rods 11 protrude through the insulating body 7 from the long side 19 to the long side 20. The tension rods 11 protrude into the structural parts 2 and 3 and are in these over the surrounding concrete of building parts 2 and 3 anchored. How Fig. 54 shows, the push plate 50 can have recesses 49. How Fig. 52 and Fig. 53 show, the tension rods 11 can each be connected to one another at their free ends. The tension rods 11 have a diameter m that is larger than the thickness k of the push plate 50, like Fig. 55 shows. The thrust plate 50 is arranged perpendicular to the longitudinal direction 5 of the insulation joint 4. The push plate 50 runs like this Fig. 55 shows, between the tension rods 11. The tension rods 11 form a force-transmitting element with the thrust plate 50, which is at a lateral distance from the end faces 26 and 27 of the insulating body 7, like Fig. 53 shows.

For the connection of balcony parapets, it is known to use thermally insulating components 6, which are tension rods 11 as force-transmitting elements and in pairs arranged, crossed transverse force bars 30. In Fig. 56 The parapet is referred to as the first structural part 2 and the floor ceiling underneath is referred to as the second structural part 3. A thermally insulating component designed in this way can also be arranged as a connecting element in other installation situations in an insulating joint 4 between two structural parts 2 and 3. This is schematic in the Fig. 57 to 62 shown.

In all exemplary embodiments, the force-transmitting elements are arranged at a distance from one another in the insulating body 7. The thrust bearings 40 or thrust bearings 10 are not directly connected to transverse force bars 30 or tension bars 11. The thrust bearings 40 or thrust bearings 10 can be at a distance from the insulating joint 4 in the transverse direction 28 and/or in the longitudinal direction 5.

The thrust bearings 40 are designed to transmit pressure forces F _D. Transverse forces F _Q1 , F _Q2 cannot be transmitted by the thrust bearings 40 to a relevant level. The thrust thrust bearings 10 are designed to transmit compressive forces F _D and transverse forces F _Q1 , F _Q2 . Tension rods 11 are designed to transmit tensile forces Fz. Transverse force bars 30 are designed to transmit transverse forces F _Q1 , F _Q2 .

The force-transmitting elements are preferably arranged symmetrically with respect to a plane that runs centrally between the end faces 26 and 27 of the insulating body 7. The thrust bearings 40 and/or the thrust thrust bearings 10 are advantageously arranged centrally between the end faces 26 and 27.

Features that are not described again in detail for individual exemplary embodiments to avoid repetition are designed in accordance with the other exemplary embodiments. All combinations of force-transmitting elements shown can be combined with one another in any way to form further variants according to the invention.

Claims (13)

1. Structure having a first structural part (2), a second structural part (3) and an insulation joint (4) which runs between the first structural part (2) and the second structural part (3) and in which a thermally insulating component (6) is arranged, wherein the thermally insulating component (6) has an insulating body (7) with mutually opposite longitudinal sides (19, 20), wherein a first longitudinal side (19) is arranged on the first structural part (2) and a second longitudinal side (20) is arranged on the second structural part (3), wherein the first longitudinal side (19) extends at least partially vertically above the second longitudinal side (20), wherein the thermally insulating component (6) has force-transmitting elements which pass through the insulating body (7) from the first longitudinal side (19) to the second longitudinal side (20), wherein at least one first force-transmitting element is provided which consists of pourable, non-metallic material,
   characterized in that the first force-transmitting element is a compression-shear bearing (10) which is designed to transmit vertically directed compressive forces (F_D) and to transmit transverse forces (F_Q1, F_Q2) directed horizontally and perpendicularly to the longitudinal direction (5) of the insulation joint (4) and which projects upwardly and downwardly beyond the longitudinal sides (19, 20) of the insulating body (7) into the adjoining structural parts (2, 3).
2. Structure according to Claim 1,
   characterized in that the compression-shear bearing (10) has at least one projection (15, 16, 17, 18) which projects beyond a longitudinal side (19, 20) into the adjoining structural part (2, 3) and which has a pressure face (22, 23, 24, 25) for absorbing the transverse forces (F_Q1, F_Q2), wherein the pressure face (22, 23, 24, 25) has a distance (a, b, c, d) of at least a third of the width (e) of the insulating body (7), as measured horizontally in the transverse direction (28) of the insulation joint (4), from the end side (26, 27) of the insulating body (7), from which side a transverse force (F_Q1, F_Q2) to be absorbed by this pressure face (22, 23, 24, 25) acts.
3. Structure according to Claim 2,
   characterized in that the pressure face (22, 23, 24, 25) encloses an angle (α) of at least 20°, in particular of at least 30°, with the horizontal (H) at every point.
4. Structure according to Claim 2 or 3,
   characterized in that the width (g) of the projection (15, 16, 17, 18) as measured horizontally in the transverse direction (28) of the insulation joint (4) is at most 40% of the width (i) of the compression-shear bearing (10) as measured in the same direction, and/or in that the length (f) of the projection (15, 16, 17, 18) as measured in the longitudinal direction (5) of the insulation joint (4) is at most twice the width (g) of the projection (15, 16, 17, 18) as measured horizontally in the transverse direction (28) of the insulation joint (4).
5. Structure according to one of Claims 1 to 4,
   characterized in that the compression-shear bearing (10) is arranged centrally in the insulating body (7) in the transverse direction (28) of the insulation joint (4).
6. Structure according to one of Claims 1 to 5,
   characterized in that the insulating body (7) takes the form of a protective box (8) filled with insulating material (9).
7. Structure according to Claim 6,
   characterized in that the protective box (8) is formed from plastic, and in that the insulating material (9) is mineral wool.
8. Structure according to Claim 6 or 7,
   characterized in that the at least one first force-transmitting element is positioned in the protective box (8).
9. Structure according to one of Claims 1 to 8,
   characterized in that at least one further first force-transmitting element is a compression bearing (40).
10. Structure according to one of Claims 1 to 9,
    characterized in that the pourable, non-metallic material is high-strength concrete or high-strength mortar, and/or in that the pourable, non-metallic material is fibre-reinforced.
11. Structure according to one of Claims 1 to 10,
    characterized in that at least one further force-transmitting element is a tension bar (11), and/or in that at least one further force-transmitting element is a transverse-force bar (30), wherein preferably transverse-force bars (30) arranged in pairs and crossing one another when viewed in the longitudinal direction (5) of the insulation joint (4) are provided.
12. Structure according to one of Claims 1 to 11,
    characterized in that the length (p) of the insulating body (7) as measured in the longitudinal direction (5) of the insulation joint (4) is at least 5 times the height (r) of the insulating body (7) as measured in the vertical direction from the first longitudinal side (19) to the second longitudinal side (20), and/or in that the length (p) of the insulating body (7) as measured in the longitudinal direction (5) of the insulation joint (4) is at least 5 times the width (e) of the insulating body (7) as measured horizontally in the transverse direction (28) of the insulation joint (4).
13. Structure according to one of Claims 1 to 12,
    characterized in that all of the force-transmitting elements of the thermally insulating component (1) are formed separately from one another and are separated from one another by the insulating body (7).

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