CN114592602A

CN114592602A - Building with thermally insulating structural elements

Info

Publication number: CN114592602A
Application number: CN202111468175.1A
Authority: CN
Inventors: T·凯勒; T·海多尔夫; R·富尔萨克-科迪茨
Original assignee: Liweituo Co ltd
Current assignee: Liweituo Co ltd
Priority date: 2020-12-04
Filing date: 2021-12-03
Publication date: 2022-06-07
Also published as: EP4050170A1; EP4050170B1; EP4328394A2; PL4050170T3; EP4328395A3; FI4050170T3; EP4328395A2; DE202020107016U1; EP4328394A3

Abstract

A building has a first building component, a second building component, and a barrier seam extending between the first building component and the second building component. In the barrier seam a thermally insulating structural element is arranged. The thermally insulating structural element has an insulating body with longitudinal sides lying opposite one another, wherein a first longitudinal side is arranged at the first building component and a second longitudinal side is arranged at the second building component. The first longitudinal side extends at least partially, seen perpendicularly, over the second longitudinal side. The thermally insulating structural element has a force transmitting element protruding through the insulator from the first longitudinal side to the second longitudinal side. At least one first force transmission element made of a castable, non-metallic material is provided. The first force transmission element is a pressure thrust bearing configured for transmitting vertically directed pressure forces and for transmitting horizontally and perpendicularly directed transverse forces to the longitudinal direction of the blocking seam.

Description

Building with thermally insulating structural elements

Technical Field

The present invention relates to a building with thermally insulated structural elements.

Background

It is known to arrange thermally insulating structural elements between building components that adjoin one another in order to achieve improved thermal insulation. Such thermally insulating structural elements can be arranged in a vertical direction between the wall or support and the ceiling or the base. For such applications, it is known to provide thermally insulating structural elements designed in the manner of masonry stones.

A thermally insulating masonry stone of this type is known from EP 2151531 a 2. Free-standing supporting struts are provided as supporting elements, which extend from the lower bearing surface to the upper bearing surface of the insulation of the masonry.

Structural elements provided for thermal insulation arranged between horizontally adjacent building components are also known. Such thermally insulating structural elements are used, for example, for connecting projecting building components, such as balconies or the like. Such thermally insulating structural elements are known, for example, from EP 1892344 a 1.

Disclosure of Invention

The object on which the invention is based is to specify a building with an advantageous structure.

This object is achieved by a building with a first building component, a second building component and a barrier joint extending between the first building component and the second building component, in which barrier joint a thermally insulating structural element is arranged, wherein the thermally insulating structural element has an insulating body with longitudinal sides lying opposite one another, wherein a first longitudinal side is arranged at the first building component and a second longitudinal side is arranged at the second building component, wherein the first longitudinal side extends at least partially, viewed perpendicularly, above the second longitudinal side, wherein the thermally insulating structural element has a force transmission element which protrudes through the insulating body from the first longitudinal side to the second longitudinal side, wherein at least one first force transmission element consisting of a castable, non-metallic material is provided, and wherein the first force transmitting element is a pressure thrust bearing configured for transmitting vertically directed pressure forces and for transmitting horizontally and perpendicularly directed transverse forces to the longitudinal direction of the blocking seam.

This object is also achieved by a building with a first building component, a second building component and a barrier joint running between the first building component and the second building component, in which barrier joint a thermally insulating structural element is arranged, wherein the thermally insulating structural element has an insulator with longitudinal sides lying opposite one another, wherein a first longitudinal side is arranged at the first building component and a second longitudinal side is arranged at the second building component, wherein the first longitudinal side extends at least partially, viewed perpendicularly, above the second longitudinal side, wherein the thermally insulating structural element has a force transmission element which protrudes through the insulator from the first longitudinal side to the second longitudinal side, wherein the first longitudinal side is connected to the second longitudinal side, at least one first force transmission element is provided, which is made of a castable, non-metallic material, and the insulation body is designed as a storage container filled with a barrier material.

This object is also achieved by a building with a first building component, a second building component and a barrier joint running between the first building component and the second building component, in which barrier joint a thermally insulating structural element is arranged, wherein the thermally insulating structural element has an insulator with longitudinal sides lying opposite one another, wherein a first longitudinal side is arranged at the first building component and a second longitudinal side is arranged at the second building component, wherein the first longitudinal side extends at least partially, viewed perpendicularly, above the second longitudinal side, wherein the thermally insulating structural element has a force transmission element which protrudes through the insulator from the first longitudinal side to the second longitudinal side, wherein the first longitudinal side is connected to the second longitudinal side, at least one force transmission element comprises two pulling rods which are connected to one another in a force-transmitting manner by a push plate arranged at least partially in the insulator.

It has surprisingly been shown that for connecting and thermally insulating building components placed vertically on top of each other, thermally insulating structural elements can be applied, the structure of which is similar to that of the thermally insulating structural elements used for connecting horizontally adjacent building components. This has the advantage that only the thermally insulating structural elements used up to now for the horizontal installation position need to be adapted. In particular, force transmission elements, in particular pressure thrust bearings, which have been used up to now only for horizontal installation positions, can be used in order to connect the wall or the support with the ceiling or the base. Advantageously, the insulation body can also be applied in a form of a suitable construction, which hitherto has only been used for connecting horizontally adjacent components. Preferably, only the number and/or the position of the types of force-transmitting elements in the insulator is changed with respect to the insulator connecting horizontally adjacent structural elements to each other. Depending on the use, it can also be provided that the thermally insulating structural elements provided up to now for connecting horizontally adjacent components serve without modification for connecting the wall or the support with the ceiling or the base.

It is advantageously provided for the thermally insulating structural element to have a force transmission element which protrudes through the insulating body at least from the first longitudinal side as far as the second longitudinal side. The force transmission element can end at a longitudinal side of the insulation or project upwards and/or downwards beyond the longitudinal side into an adjoining building component. The at least one first force transmission element is advantageously made of a castable, non-metallic material and is designed as a pressure thrust bearing. The pressure thrust bearing is configured for transmitting vertically directed pressure forces and for transmitting horizontally and perpendicularly directed transverse forces to the longitudinal direction of the blocking seam. The transverse force can be, for example, a force acting in a horizontal direction on the wall, such as a wind force or the like. Such a pressure thrust bearing can be easily used as it has been used for connecting projecting building components, such as balconies or the like. This makes it possible to dispense with the need to design special force transmission elements for installation between building components lying one above the other.

The pressure-thrust bearing advantageously has at least one projection which projects into the adjoining building component in the region of a longitudinal side and has a pressure surface for receiving transverse forces, wherein the pressure surface has a spacing relative to the end face of the insulating body, from the side of which the transverse forces to be received by the pressure surface act, of at least one third of the width of the insulating body. Here, the width of the insulation is measured in the transverse direction of the blocking seam and horizontally. Since the pressure surface is spaced apart from the end face of the insulating body by at least one third of the width of the insulating body, lateral forces to be absorbed act from the end face, so that a sufficient concrete covering of the pressure surface is obtained by the adjoining building components. This enables the transverse forces to be absorbed to be reliably introduced and prevents the concrete of the adjoining building components from being able to break off at the pressure side (ausbreche).

The pressure surface is inclined relative to the horizontal in order to accommodate the transverse force. Preferably, the pressure surface encloses an angle of at least 20 °, in particular at least 30 °, with the horizontal at each position. Therefore, advantageously only the region which encloses an angle of at least 20 °, in particular at least 30 °, with the horizontal is considered as the pressure surface. The following adjoining regions of the pressure thrust bearing are preferably not considered to be part of the pressure face: this region encloses an angle of less than 20 °, in particular less than 30 °, with the horizontal, that is to say runs relatively flat.

The width of the projection is advantageously at most 40% of the width of the pressure thrust bearing. Here, the width of the projection and the width of the pressure thrust bearing are measured in the transverse direction of the blocking seam and horizontally. Therefore, the protrusion extends in a range less than half of the width of the pressure thrust bearing. In this way, a sufficient distance to the opposite end side of the insulator can be obtained in a simple manner. The length of the projection is advantageously at most twice the width of the projection. Here, the length of the projection is measured in the longitudinal direction of the barrier seam. The width of the protrusions is measured in the transverse direction of the barrier seam and horizontally. The protrusions preferably possess a relatively compact shape and no elongated shape.

The pressure thrust bearing is advantageously arranged centrally in the insulator in the transverse direction of the blocking seam. The insulating body advantageously has end sides lying opposite one another, which run parallel to the longitudinal direction of the blocking seam. The pressure thrust bearing is advantageously arranged centrally between the end sides of the insulator.

A separate inventive concept relates to the design of the insulator. The design of the insulator does not rely on the first force transmitting element being constructed as a pressure thrust bearing configured for transmitting transverse forces directed horizontally and perpendicularly to the longitudinal direction of the blocking seam.

In known buildings, masonry-like structural elements whose insulation consists of lightweight concrete or form-stable foam materials are frequently used as thermally insulating structural elements between building components which run at least partially vertically above one another. According to the invention, it is now provided that the insulating body is designed as a storage container filled with a barrier material. Such storage cases filled with barrier material are known as insulators for connecting projecting components such as, for example, balconies, that is to say for arranging between horizontally adjacent building components. It has now been shown that a storage box filled with a barrier material can be used advantageously as an insulator for arrangement in barrier seams in which adjoining building components run above and below the barrier seam. In this way, no insulation other than the insulation used for connecting the building components located on both sides next to the barrier seam is required for connecting the building components located above and below the barrier seam.

In a preferred design, the holding case is constructed from plastic and the barrier material is mineral wool. Preferably, the at least one first force-transmitting element is positioned in the holding box. Advantageously, all force transmission elements of the thermally insulating structural element are positioned in the holding box. The force transmission element is thus prepositioned and held by the storage case when the thermally insulating structural element is assembled, so that a simple installation of the thermally insulating structural element is achieved.

The at least one first force transmitting element is advantageously a pressure bearing.

In an advantageous embodiment, the at least one pressure bearing is arranged centrally in the insulator with respect to the transverse direction of the blocking seam.

It can be provided that all first force transmission elements are pressure thrust bearings or that all first force transmission elements are pure pressure bearings. In an alternative embodiment, it can be provided that the thermally insulating structural element comprises not only at least one pressure thrust bearing but also at least one pressure bearing. Here, the at least one pressure thrust bearing can be configured to receive a transverse force which is directed horizontally and perpendicularly to the longitudinal direction of the blocking seam.

It can be provided that at least one pressure thrust bearing or alternatively all pressure thrust bearings are designed to receive horizontal forces acting in the longitudinal direction of the blocking seam. For this purpose, provision is made in particular for the installation of a pressure thrust bearing, which is designed to receive transverse forces which are directed horizontally and perpendicularly to the longitudinal direction of the blocking seam, in an orientation which is rotated by 90 ° about a vertical axis. In an advantageous embodiment variant, all pressure thrust bearings of the structural element are of identical construction but arranged differently in order to be able to receive forces in the longitudinal direction of the blocking seam and forces transverse to the longitudinal direction of the blocking seam and in the horizontal direction.

The castable non-metallic material of the at least one first force transmission element is advantageously high-strength concrete or high-strength mortar. The castable nonmetallic material is particularly preferably an ultra-high-strength concrete or an ultra-high-strength mortar. In an advantageous embodiment, the castable, non-metallic material is fiber-reinforced. The fibers can be, for example, metal fibers or carbon fibers. Fiber reinforcement by other materials can also be advantageous.

The at least one further force transmission element is advantageously a pulling rod. Alternatively or additionally, it is advantageously provided that the at least one further force transmission element is a transverse force bar. Particularly preferably, transverse force bars are provided which are arranged in pairs and cross each other in the viewing direction in the longitudinal direction of the barrier seam. Since the transverse force bars cross, it is possible to transfer transverse forces in both directions. The at least one pulling bar and/or the at least one transverse force bar can be composed, for example, of steel or of a fiber-reinforced material, in particular a carbon fiber-reinforced plastic.

A further independent inventive concept relates to the design of at least one force transmission element by means of two pull rods which are connected to one another in a force-transmitting manner by means of a push plate which is arranged at least partially in the insulating body. This design of the force transmission element is independent of the design of the further force transmission element, in particular of the design of the further force transmission element for transmitting pressure forces and/or transverse forces.

By means of a force transmission element consisting of two pulling rods which are connected to one another in a force-transmitting manner by means of a push plate, it is possible to transmit not only tensile forces but also transverse forces via the blocking seam. A good barrier effect is obtained due to the small cross-section of the push plate. The force transmission element consisting of two pull rods and a push plate is furthermore of simple construction. The pulling bar is preferably arranged at opposite beads of the push plate. The thickness of the push plate, measured in the longitudinal direction of the barrier seam, is preferably less than the diameter of at least one puller bar. This enables a good barrier effect to be achieved.

The insulating body of the thermally insulating structural element is preferably of elongate design and has a significantly greater length than conventional masonry stones. This is particularly advantageous for connecting the wall to a ceiling or a base. Thereby, the number of thermally insulating structural elements required over the length of the wall can be kept low. The length of the insulation, measured in the longitudinal direction of the barrier seam, is advantageously at least 5 times the height of the insulation. Here, the height of the insulator is measured in a vertical direction from the first longitudinal side to the second longitudinal side. The length of the insulation body measured in the longitudinal direction of the barrier seam advantageously corresponds here to the length of the thermally insulating structural element measured in the longitudinal direction of the barrier seam.

The length of the insulator measured in the longitudinal direction of the blocking seam advantageously has at least 5 times the width of the insulator measured in the transverse direction of the blocking seam and horizontally.

For the connection of the support, a thermally insulating structural element can also be used, the insulator of which has a length approximately corresponding to the width of the insulator. For connecting the support, the length of the insulator can be, for example, one third to 3 times the width of the insulator.

Advantageously, all force transmission elements of the thermally insulating structural element are constructed separately from one another and are separated from one another by an insulator. In particular, the pressure thrust bearing and the pressure bearing are configured separately from the pulling and transverse force bars. The pulling and transverse force bars are advantageously spaced apart in the longitudinal direction of the blocking seam relative to the pressure and/or pressure thrust bearings.

Drawings

Embodiments of the invention are explained below with reference to the drawings. Wherein:

figure 1 shows a schematic view of a building with a first embodiment of a thermally insulating structural element,

figure 2 shows a schematic view of a building with a further embodiment of a thermally insulated structural element in a variant of the embodiment according to figure 1,

figures 3 to 7 show schematic views of an embodiment of a building with the thermally insulating structural element of figure 2,

figure 8 shows a schematic view of the embodiment according to figure 1 in the direction of the arrow VIII in figure 1,

figure 9 shows a partially enlarged schematic view of the embodiment according to figure 1 in the region of the insulator,

figure 10 shows a schematic view of a building with a further embodiment of a thermally insulating structural element,

figure 11 shows a schematic view of a further building with thermally insulating structural elements in a variant of the embodiment according to figure 10,

figures 12 to 16 show schematic views of an embodiment of a building with a thermally insulating structural element from figure 11,

figure 17 shows a schematic view of a further embodiment of a building with thermally insulating structural elements,

figure 18 shows a schematic view of a further embodiment of a building with thermally insulating structural elements in a variant of the embodiment according to figure 17,

figures 19 to 23 show schematic views of an embodiment of a building with a thermally insulating structural element according to figure 18,

figure 24 shows a further embodiment of a building with thermally insulating structural elements in a schematic view,

figure 25 shows a schematic view of a further building with thermally insulating structural elements in a variant of the embodiment according to figure 24,

figures 26 to 30 show schematic views of an embodiment of a building with a thermally insulating structural element from figure 25,

figure 31 shows a further embodiment of a building with thermally insulating structural elements in a schematic view,

figure 32 shows a schematic view of a further building with thermally insulating structural elements in a variant of the embodiment according to figure 31,

figures 33 to 37 show schematic views of an embodiment of a building with a thermally insulating structural element from figure 32,

figure 38 shows a schematic view of a further embodiment of a building with thermally insulating structural elements,

figure 39 shows a schematic view of a further building with thermally insulating structural elements in a variant of the embodiment according to figure 38,

figures 40 to 44 show schematic views of an embodiment of a building with a thermally insulating structural element from figure 39,

figure 45 shows a further embodiment of a building with thermally insulating structural elements in a schematic view,

figure 46 shows a schematic view of a further building with thermally insulating structural elements in a variant of the embodiment according to figure 45,

figures 47 to 51 show schematic views of an embodiment of a building with a thermally insulating structural element from figure 46,

figure 52 shows a schematic view of a further embodiment of a building with thermally insulating structural elements,

figure 53 shows a schematic view of the thermally insulated structural member from figure 52,

figure 54 shows an enlarged view of a cut-out of the force-transmitting element from figure 53,

figure 55 shows a schematic top view of the force transfer element from figure 54,

figure 56 shows a schematic view of a building with a thermally insulated structural element according to the prior art,

fig. 57 to 62 show further possible arrangements of the thermally insulating structural element from fig. 56.

Detailed Description

Fig. 1 schematically shows a building 1 with a first building component 2 and a second building component 3. The first building component 2 can be a wall or a support. The second building component 3 can also be a wall or a support. Further possible embodiments for the two

building components

2 and 3 are shown in the following figures. The first building element 2 extends above the second building element 3 with respect to a vertical line S. In the embodiment according to fig. 1, the first building component 2 and the second building component 3 are oriented vertically, and the first building component 2 is arranged above the second building component 3. The

building components

2 and 3 consist of concrete, advantageously cast-in-place concrete.

The

building components

2 and 3 are connected to each other by means of a thermally insulating structural element 6. The thermally insulating structural element has an insulator 7. A barrier seam 4 is formed between the

building components

2 and 3. The insulation 7 of the thermally insulating structural element 6 is arranged between the

building components

2 and 3 in the barrier joint 4. The insulating body 7 has a first longitudinal side 19 extending above and a second longitudinal side 20 extending below. In the present embodiment, the first longitudinal side 19 is located entirely vertically above the second longitudinal side 20. It can also be provided that, for example in the case of the connection of an inclined wall or an obliquely extending top end section, the

building elements

2 and 3 extend in an inverted manner with respect to the illustration in fig. 1. The first longitudinal side 19 also runs, at least partially, vertically, above the second longitudinal side 20 in the case of an inclined arrangement. The insulator 7 has

end sides

26 and 27 opposite to each other. The end sides 26 and 27 of the insulator 7 extend from the first longitudinal side 19 to the second longitudinal side 20 of the insulator 7, respectively. In the installed state shown in fig. 1, the end faces 26 and 27 run vertically. The end sides 26 and 27 advantageously run flush with the inside and outside of the

building components

2 and 3.

In order to transmit forces between the

building components

2 and 3, the thermally insulating structural element 6 has force-transmitting elements which project through the insulating body 7 at least from the first longitudinal side 19 up to the second longitudinal side 20. Preferably, at least some of the force-transmitting elements project beyond the

longitudinal sides

19 and 20 and into the

building components

2 and 3. The force transmission element is preferably surrounded by the concrete of the

building components

2 and 3, so that a good force transmission between the concrete and the force transmission element takes place. In the present exemplary embodiment, a pressure thrust bearing 10 and a tension rod 11 are provided as force transmission elements. In fig. 1, a drawing rod 11 and a pressure thrust bearing 10 are schematically shown. Advantageously, a plurality of pulling bars 11 and a plurality of pressure thrust bearings 10 are arranged in each case at a distance from one another in the longitudinal direction 5 of the blocking seam 4.

The pressure-thrust bearing 10 has two

projections

15 and 16 which project beyond the first longitudinal side 19 into the first building component 2. At the opposite side, the pressure-thrust bearing 10 has

projections

17 and 18, which project into the second building component 3. With regard to the installed position, the

projections

15 and 16 are arranged at the upper side of the pressure thrust bearing 10 and the

projections

17 and 18 are arranged at the lower side of the pressure thrust bearing 10.

The pulling rod 11 has an anchoring section 12 which projects into the

building components

2 and 3. In the present exemplary embodiment, the pulling rod 11 is configured as a straight rod and the anchoring section 12 is configured as a relatively long straight section of the pulling rod 11. Other configurations of the anchoring section 12 can also be provided.

By means of which barrier seam 4 a pressure force F can be transmitted in both directions_DTensile force F_ZAnd a transverse force F_Q1、F_Q2. Said pressure F_DAnd said tensile force F_ZActing parallel to the vertical line S. Said transverse force F_Q1And F_Q2In the present exemplary embodiment, this takes place in the transverse direction 28 of the barrier seam 4 and in the horizontal direction, i.e. perpendicular to the vertical line S. In order to transmit said pressure force F_DAnd said transverse force F_Q1、F_Q2At least one pressure thrust bearing 10 is provided. Said pulling force F_ZBy means of said at least one pulling rod 11. The barrier seam 4 has a longitudinal direction 5 which in the illustration of fig. 1 runs perpendicular to the plane of the paper. The longitudinal direction 5 being horizontal to the insulationBetween the

longitudinal sides

19 and 20 of the body 7 and between the end sides 26 and 27 of said insulating body 7. The longitudinal direction 5 runs perpendicular to the transverse direction 28 of the structural element 6. The transverse direction 28 extends horizontally and perpendicularly to the end faces 26 and 27 in the installed position shown in fig. 1. In the case of an inclined installation of the thermally insulating structural element 6, the transverse direction 28 can run obliquely to the end sides 26 and 27.

The pressure thrust bearing 10 is made of a castable, non-metallic material. The castable nonmetallic material is advantageously high-strength concrete or high-strength mortar. This makes it possible to transmit very high pressures F through the pressure thrust bearing 10 with a small cross section of the pressure thrust bearing 10_DAnd a transverse force F_Q1、F_Q2. The castable nonmetallic material is particularly preferably an ultra-high-strength concrete or an ultra-high-strength mortar. In an advantageous embodiment, the castable, non-metallic material is fiber-reinforced. The fibers can be, for example, metal fibers or carbon fibers. Fiber reinforcement by other materials can also be advantageous.

The pressure-thrust bearing 10 has opposite end sides 35 and 36, which in the present exemplary embodiment extend vertically and parallel to the longitudinal direction 5 of the blocking seam 4. The end sides 35 and 36 run parallel to the end sides 26 and 27 of the insulating body 7 in the present exemplary embodiment. In the present exemplary embodiment, the end sides 35 and 36 are of flat design and have a constant distance from one another. However, other designs of the end faces 35 and 36 of the pressure thrust bearing 10 can also be advantageous. The end faces 35 and 36 can run, for example, in sections or over their entire length, at an angle to one another. Preferably, the pressure thrust bearing has a reduced extension in the longitudinal direction, in the transverse direction and/or in the vertical direction at least one location within the insulator 7. This reduces the heat transfer between the

building components

2 and 3 and improves the insulation effect.

Fig. 2 schematically shows a cut-out of a building 1, for example a house, with a first building component 2, for example a wall or a support, extending vertically and a second building component 3, for example a floor ceiling or a base, extending horizontally. In the barrier joint 4 between the

building components

2 and 3, an insulator 7 of a thermally insulating structural element 6 is arranged, which is constructed similarly to the thermally insulating structural element 6 shown in fig. 1. Unlike the thermally insulating structural element 6 of fig. 1, the at least one pulling rod 11 of the thermally insulating structural element 6 of fig. 2 is constructed straight only at the anchoring section 12 projecting into the first building component 2. The anchoring section 12 projecting into the second building component 3 is provided with a bent section 14 which is of relatively short construction and has a truncated anchoring head 13 at its end. This makes it possible to achieve an anchoring in the concrete of the building element 3 at a smaller distance from the insulating body 7. The second building element 3 extends horizontally in the exemplary embodiment according to fig. 2, so that fewer positions are available in the vertical direction for the anchoring than in the exemplary embodiment according to fig. 1.

Fig. 3 shows a cut-out of a building 1 in which the

building components

2 and 3 and the thermally insulating structural element 6 are arranged in accordance with fig. 2. Herein, the same reference numerals denote elements corresponding to each other throughout the drawings. The first building component 2 has an additional insulation consisting of a barrier material 21. The barrier material 21 is preferably arranged at the outer side 31 of the building element 2 constructed from concrete as a wall. The second building element 3 extends from the opposite inner side 32 of the building element 2. The second building component 3 has a barrier material 21 on its upper side 33. The barrier material 21 extends at the upper side 33 in the extension of the insulating body 7 of the thermally insulating structural element 6 and has the same height as the insulating body 7 in the present exemplary embodiment. The insulation 7 extends as far as the barrier material 21 mounted at the outer side 31 of the building element 2. The second building component 3 is preferably a foundation in this arrangement.

Fig. 4 shows an arrangement of thermally insulating structural elements 6, in which the first building component 2 is a wall or support that rises from the central region of the second building component 3. The insulation 7 of the thermally insulating structural element 6 is arranged in the foot region of the building component 2 and between the

building components

2 and 3. The second building component 3 can be, for example, a foundation. The second building component 3 has a barrier material 21 at an upper side 33, which is bilaterally connected to the insulation 7 of the structural element 6 and preferably has the same height as the insulation 7.

In the embodiment according to fig. 5, the thermally insulating structural element 6 is arranged between the first building component 2, which is configured as a floor ceiling, and the second building component 3, which is configured as a wall or support. The second building component 3 extends substantially vertically and the first building component 2 extends substantially horizontally. The bent section 14 of the thermally insulating structural element 6 projects into the first building component 2 and projects upwards from the insulating body 7 with respect to the installation position. The

building elements

2 and 3 are covered, for example, towards the outside of the building, with a barrier material 21 which extends continuously both at the first building element 2 and at the insulation 7 and at the second building element 3.

Fig. 6 shows the arrangement of a thermally insulating structural element 6 between a first building component 2 constituting the ceiling of a house and a second building component 3 which can be constructed as a wall or as a support. The first building component 2 is oriented horizontally and the second building component 3 is oriented vertically. The first building element 2 extends above the second building element 3. The bent section 14 of the pulling rod 11 protrudes into the first building component 2. The barrier material 21 extends at the outer side 31 of said second building component 3 and at the lower side of said first building component 2. The insulation 7 is arranged between the barrier material 21 arranged at the outer side 31 of the building element 3 and the barrier material arranged at the underside 34 of the building element 2.

Fig. 7 shows a corresponding arrangement in which the first building component 2 extends in both directions from the second building component 3 and does not end above the outer side 31 as in fig. 6.

Fig. 8 schematically shows the arrangement of the thermally insulating structural element 6 in the barrier seam 4 in a side view. The tension rod 11 and the pressure thrust bearing 10 are shown in the schematic illustration, although in a practical embodiment they preferably do not project as far as the end faces 26, 27 of the insulating body 7 and are therefore not visible in a side view. As fig. 8 shows, a plurality of pressure thrust bearings 10 are arranged at regular intervals relative to one another, which project through the insulating body 7 from the first longitudinal side 19 to the second longitudinal side 20 and project with their

projections

15, 16, 17, 18 into the

building components

2 and 3 beyond the

longitudinal sides

19 and 20 at the first longitudinal side 19 and the second longitudinal side 20.

The pressure-thrust bearing 10 has

lateral sides

37 and 38 which run transversely to the longitudinal direction 5 of the blocking seam 4. In the present embodiment, the

transverse sides

37 and 38 run parallel to each other, so that the extension of the pressure thrust bearing 10 in the longitudinal direction of the blocking seam 4 is constant. However, the

transverse sides

37 and 38 can also run obliquely with respect to one another, so that the extension of the pressure thrust bearing 10 in the longitudinal direction of the blocking seam 4 varies in a horizontal and/or vertical direction. In particular, recesses are provided at one or both

lateral sides

37, 38, where the extension of the pressure-thrust bearing 10 is reduced.

The

projections

15 and 17 are shown in the view of fig. 8 and the

projections

16 and 18 are located behind the plane of the drawing. The

projections

15, 16, 17 and 18 are configured in a rounded manner in the viewing direction (fig. 9) shown in the transverse direction 28 of the barrier seam 4. Thus, no or mainly no longitudinal forces F can be transmitted by the projections 15 to 18_L. Longitudinal force F_LIs a force acting in the longitudinal direction 5 of the barrier seam 4. Pressure F_DIs transmitted by the pressure thrust bearing 10. The pulling rods 11 are arranged at a small distance from each pressure thrust bearing 10. Tensile force F_ZBy the saidThe bar 11 is pulled for transfer. The spacing between adjacent pressure thrust bearings 10 is significantly greater than the spacing between the pressure thrust bearings 10 and the adjacent tension rods 11. As shown in fig. 8, the insulator 7 has an elongated shape. The insulation 7 has a length p measured in the longitudinal direction 5 of the barrier seam 4. Furthermore, the insulator 7 has a height r measured in the direction of the vertical line S. The length p is significantly greater than the height r. Advantageously, said length p is at least 5 times said height r.

The design of the insulating body 7 of the thermally insulating structural element 6 from fig. 1 to 8 is shown in detail in fig. 9. The insulating body 7 has two opposite end sides 26 and 27, which connect the

longitudinal sides

19 and 20 to one another. In this embodiment, the insulator 7 is constituted by a holding case 8 in which the barrier material 9 is arranged. The storage compartment 8 is advantageously made of plastic and is constructed in particular from a plastic strip-press profile. In the present exemplary embodiment, the storage box 8 has longitudinal webs 29 at the

longitudinal sides

19 and 20 and adjacent to the end sides 26 and 27.

The insulator 7 has a width e measured in the transverse direction 28. The width e advantageously corresponds to the width of the barrier seam 4. The width e advantageously corresponds to the width of the

building elements

2, 3 with a smaller extension in the transverse direction 28, so that the

building elements

2 and 3 delimit the barrier seam 4 over the entire width e of the insulation 7. The length p of the insulator 7 is advantageously at least 5 times the width e of the insulator 7. This is particularly advantageous when the thermally insulating structural element 6 is used to connect a wall with a ceiling or a base. Other dimensions of the insulating body 7, in particular a significantly smaller length p of the insulating body 7, can be advantageous when connecting a support to a ceiling or a base.

As fig. 9 also shows, the at least one pressure thrust bearing 10 and the at least one tension rod 11 are held in the storage box 8. In fig. 9, the pressure thrust bearing 10 and the pulling rod 11 are shown in the same cross section without a spacing in the longitudinal direction 5 of the blocking seam 4. It can be provided that the pulling rod 11 and the pressure thrust bearing 10 are arranged perpendicular to the longitudinal direction 5 in the same cross section, or that the pulling rod 11 and the pressure thrust bearing 10 are spaced apart from one another in the longitudinal direction 5, as shown in fig. 9.

As fig. 9 also shows, the projection 15 has a pressure surface 22, the projection 16 has a pressure surface 23, the projection 17 has a pressure surface 24 and the projection 18 has a pressure surface 25. The pressure surface 22 is provided for receiving a transverse force F acting in the direction from the end side 27 onto the first building component 2_Q2. The pressure surface 25 of the projection 18 transmits this force into the second building component 3. Accordingly, the pressure surfaces 23 and 24 of the

projections

16 and 17 cooperate for applying the transverse force F_Q1From the first building element 2 to the second building element 3, the transverse force acts in the direction from the end side 26 onto the first building element 2. The first protrusion 15 and the second protrusion 17 are arranged closer to an end side 26 of the insulator 7 than the

protrusions

16 and 18. The

projections

16 and 18 are arranged closer to the end side 27 than the

projections

15 and 17 and are further away from the end side 26. The pressure surfaces 22 and 23 of the

projections

15 and 16 face each other and form a concave profile in side view. Accordingly, the pressure surfaces 24 and 25 of the

projections

17 and 18 face each other and form an approximately concave contour in side view. The pressure surfaces 22 to 25 enclose an angle α with a horizontal line H running parallel to the transverse direction 28 in the illustrated installed state, which angle is at least 20 °, in particular at least 30 °. In this case, each pressure surface 22 to 25 opens at an angle α in the direction of the closer end face 26 or 27. The pressure surface 22 rises towards the end side 26 and the pressure surface 23 rises towards the end side 27. The pressure surface 24 descends towards the end side 26 and the pressure surface 25 descends towards the end side 27.

In order to ensure sufficient concrete coverage of the pressure surfaces 22, 23, 24 and 25, it is provided that the pressure surfaces are located opposite the end sides 26, 27 —, of the insulating body 7The lateral force F to be absorbed by the pressure surfaces 22 to 25 acts from the end-side_Q1、F_Q2With a spacing a, b, c, d of at least one third of the width e of the insulation 7 measured horizontally and in the transverse direction 28 of the blocking seam 4. In the present exemplary embodiment, the pressure surface 22 is opposite the end face 27, from which the pressure force F to be received acts_Q2-having a spacing a which is greater than one third, in particular greater than half, preferably greater than two thirds, of the width e. The pressure surfaces 24 are arranged symmetrically to the pressure surfaces 22 and at the same distance from the end faces 27. The pressure surface 23 has a distance b from the end side 26, which is greater than one third, in particular greater than one half, of the width e of the insulating body 7. The pressure surface 25 is constructed symmetrically to the pressure surface 23 and is arranged at a distance d from the end side 26 corresponding to the distance b. All spacings a, b, c, d are measured in the horizontal direction and parallel to the transverse direction 28.

The width g of each projection 22 to 25 measured in the transverse direction 28 of the blocking seam 4 is advantageously at most 40% of the width i of the pressure thrust bearing 10 measured in the transverse direction 28. The length f, shown in fig. 8, of each projection 22 to 25, measured in the longitudinal direction 5 of the barrier seam 4, is advantageously at most twice the width g of the respective projection 22 to 25. The projections 22 to 25 are thus constructed compactly.

In the present exemplary embodiment, the end sides 35, 36 of the pressure thrust bearing 10 run parallel to one another. This results in a constant width i of the pressure thrust bearing 10 over its entire height r. In the other course of the end sides 35 and 36, the width can vary within the range of the height r. The width i is the total width of the pressure thrust bearing 10.

In the present embodiment, each pressure thrust bearing 10 has four

protrusions

15, 16, 17, 18. Other numbers of protrusions, for example exactly one protrusion at the first longitudinal side 19 and exactly one protrusion at the second longitudinal side 20, can also be advantageous. If only one projection is provided at the

longitudinal side

19, 20, said projection is advantageously arranged centrally between said end sides 35 and 36. Each projection has in particular two pressure surfaces directed towards the opposite end sides 26, 27 of the insulating body.

Fig. 10 shows an embodiment of a thermally insulating structural element 6 arranged between the first building component 2 and the second building component 3. In contrast to the structural element 6 shown in the previous exemplary embodiment, in the thermally insulating structural element according to fig. 10, the pressure thrust bearing 10 is arranged centrally between the end sides 26 and 27 of the insulating body 7. The pressure thrust bearing 10 is therefore arranged centrally with respect to the transverse direction 28 of the blocking seam 4. A tension rod 11 extends between each side of the pressure thrust bearing 10 and the side of the facing end face 26 or 27 of the insulating body 7.

Fig. 11 to 16 show the thermally insulating structural element 6 from fig. 10 in different installation variants. One of the

building parts

2, 3 is in this case designed as a floor ceiling or a base structure and extends horizontally. The tension rods 11 are connected to one another in the horizontally extending

building component

2 or 3 and are designed as a bend, so that overall a U-shaped design of the tension element results and the two tension rods 11 form a common force transmission element.

In the exemplary embodiment according to fig. 17, a pressure thrust bearing 10 and two transverse force struts 30 arranged in pairs are provided. The transverse force rod 30 runs obliquely to the vertical in the region of the insulating body 7. The transverse force bars 30 preferably intersect centrally in the region of the pressure thrust bearing 10, as viewed in the longitudinal direction 5 of the blocking seam 4. The ends of the transverse force bars 30 each run parallel to one another and form an anchoring section 12 which is embedded in the first building component 2 and in the second building component 3. The thermally insulating structural element 6 from fig. 17 is primarily used for transmitting a pressure force F between the

building components

2 and 3_DAnd a transverse force F_Q1、F_Q2(FIG. 1).

Fig. 18 to 23 show an embodiment variant of the thermally insulating structural element 6 in which the transverse force struts 30 are connected to one another in a horizontally oriented building component and thus form a clip-shaped anchoring section 12.

Fig. 24 shows a thermally insulating structural element corresponding to fig. 17, wherein two tension rods 11 are additionally provided. The structural element 6 is of symmetrical design, wherein a tension rod 10 extends between the pressure thrust bearing 10 and each

end face

26, 27 of the insulating body 7. Fig. 25 to 30 show the thermally insulating structural element 6 from fig. 24 in different installation variants. The thermally insulating structural element 6 is modified in such a way that the two tension bars 11 and the two transverse force bars 30 are connected to one another in the

building components

2, 3, which are designed as horizontal plates, in order to obtain a reinforcing strap.

Fig. 31 shows an embodiment of a thermally insulating structural element 6, which comprises an insulator 7, two tension rods 11 arranged in pairs and a pressure bearing 40. In the illustration, the pressure bearing 40 projects slightly into the

building components

2 and 3. Alternatively, the pressure bearing 40 can also end flush at the insulation 7 and not project into the

building components

2 and 3. The pressure bearing 40 is not designed to transmit forces in the longitudinal direction 5 or the transverse direction 28 of the barrier seam 4. Two draw bars 11 are arranged on both sides of the pressure bearing 40 perpendicular to the longitudinal direction 5 in a sectional plane. Advantageously, the pulling rod 11 and the pressure bearing 40 are arranged in the same cross section. However, an arrangement with a spacing or offset in the longitudinal direction 5 can also be provided. A plurality of tension rods 11 and pressure bearings 40, which are arranged in pairs, are advantageously provided over the length of the insulating body 7.

The pressure bearing 40 is arranged centrally in the insulator 7 with respect to the transverse direction 28.

Fig. 32 to 37 show different installation variants of the thermally insulating structural element from fig. 31, in which two tie rods 11 are connected to one another in order to form an anchoring section 12 in a horizontally extending

building component

2 or 3 and form a loop for anchoring.

In the exemplary embodiment according to fig. 38 to 44, the thermally insulating structural element 6 has, in addition to the insulating body 7 and the at least one pressure bearing 40, transverse force bars 30 which are each arranged in pairs and crosswise. If one of the

building components

2 or 3 is designed as a floor ceiling or as a foundation as in fig. 39 to 44, the transverse force struts 30 are connected to one another in the

building components

2, 3 and form a loop as an anchoring section 12.

The exemplary embodiment according to fig. 45 to 51 shows a thermally insulating structural element 6 with an insulator 7, at least one pressure bearing 40, intersecting transverse force bars 30, each arranged in pairs, and two tension bars 11, each associated with one pressure bearing 40. In the exemplary embodiment according to fig. 46 to 51, the transverse force bar 30 and the pulling bar 11 are each connected to one another in the

building component

2 or 3, which is designed as a floor ceiling or as a foundation, in order to form an anchoring section 12.

Fig. 52 shows a building 1 with

building components

2 and 3, in whose barrier joint 4 insulation 7 extends. For the force transmission, pulling rods 11 are provided, which are connected to one another by push plates, as shown in fig. 53. The push plate 50 is in this embodiment arranged completely in the insulator 7 and the pulling rod 11 protrudes through the insulator 7 from the longitudinal side 19 as far as the longitudinal side 20. The tension rods 11 project into the

building components

2 and 3 and are anchored therein by the surrounding concrete of the

building components

2 and 3. As shown in fig. 54, the push plate 50 can have a void 49. As fig. 52 and 53 show, the tension rods 11 can be connected to one another at their free ends. As shown in fig. 55, the puller bar 11 has a diameter m that is greater than the thickness k of the push plate 50. The push plate 50 is arranged perpendicular to the longitudinal direction 5 of the barrier seam 4. The push plate 50 extends between the draw bars 11 as shown in figure 55. The tension rod 11 and the push plate 50 form a force transmission element, which, as shown in fig. 53, is laterally spaced from the end sides 26 and 27 of the insulating body 7.

It is known for the connection of balcony railings to use thermally insulating structural elements 6 with pulling bars 11 and crossing transverse force bars 30 arranged in pairs as force-transmitting elements. In fig. 56 the guardrail is referred to as first building element 2 and the floor ceiling below it is referred to as second building element 3. The thermally insulating structural element thus designed can also be arranged as a connecting element between the two

building components

2 and 3 in the barrier joint 4 in other installation cases. This is schematically shown in fig. 57 to 62.

In all embodiments, the force transmission elements are arranged in the insulator 7 at a distance from one another. The pressure bearing 40 or the pressure thrust bearing 10 is not connected directly to the transverse force rod 30 or the tension rod 11. In this case, the pressure bearings 40 and/or the pressure thrust bearings 10 can be spaced apart from one another in the transverse direction 28 and/or the longitudinal direction 5 of the barrier seam 4.

The pressure bearing 40 is designed to transmit a pressure force F_D. Transverse force F_Q1、F_Q2Can be transferred by the pressure bearing 40 not at a significant level. The pressure thrust bearing 10 is designed to transmit a pressure force F_DAnd a transverse force F_Q1、F_Q2. The pulling rod 11 is designed to transmit a pulling force F_Z. The transverse force bar 30 is configured to transmit a transverse force F_Q1、F_Q2。

The force transmission elements are preferably arranged symmetrically with respect to a plane running centrally between the end sides 26 and 27 of the insulating body 7. Advantageously, the pressure bearing 40 and/or the pressure thrust bearing 10 is arranged centrally between the end sides 26 and 27.

Features which are not described in detail again for the respective embodiment in order to avoid redundancy are formed in accordance with the other embodiments. All the illustrated combinations of force transmission elements can be combined with one another in any desired manner for forming further variants according to the invention.

Claims

1. Building with a first building component (2), a second building component (3) and a barrier joint (4) running between the first building component (2) and the second building component (3), in which barrier joint a thermally insulating structural element (6) is arranged, wherein the thermally insulating structural element (6) has an insulation (7) with longitudinal sides (19, 20) lying opposite one another, wherein a first longitudinal side (19) is arranged at the first building component (2) and a second longitudinal side (20) is arranged at the second building component (3), wherein the first longitudinal side (19) extends, at least partially, vertically above the second longitudinal side (20), wherein the thermally insulating structural element (6) has a force transmission element, projecting through the insulating body (7) from the first longitudinal side (19) to the second longitudinal side (20), wherein at least one first force transmission element consisting of a castable, non-metallic material is provided,

characterized in that the first force transmission element is a pressure thrust bearing (10) configured for transmitting a vertically directed pressure force (F)_D) And for transmitting a transverse force (F) directed horizontally and perpendicularly to the longitudinal direction (5) of the barrier seam (4)_Q1、F_Q2）。

2. The building as set forth in claim 1,

characterized in that the pressure thrust bearing (10) has at least one projection (15, 16, 17, 18) projecting into the adjoining building component (2, 3) in the region of a longitudinal side (19, 20), said projection having a recess for receiving the transverse force (F)_Q1、F_Q2) Pressure surfaces (22, 23, 24, 2)5) Wherein the pressure surface (22, 23, 24, 25) acts on an end face (26, 27) of the insulating body (7) from the side of which a transverse force (F) is applied to be received by the pressure surface (22, 23, 24, 25)_Q1、F_Q2) -having a spacing (a, b, c, d) of at least one third of the width (e) of the insulation (7) measured in the transverse direction (28) of the blocking seam (4) and horizontally.

3. The building as set forth in claim 2,

characterized in that the pressure surfaces (22, 23, 24, 25) enclose an angle (a) of at least 20 ° with the horizontal (H) at each position.

4. A building as claimed in claim 3, wherein,

characterized in that the pressure surfaces (22, 23, 24, 25) enclose an angle (a) of at least 30 ° with the horizontal (H) at each position.

5. The building as set forth in claim 2,

characterized in that the width (g) of the protrusions (22, 23, 24, 25) measured in the transverse direction (28) of the blocking seam (4) and horizontally is at most 40% of the width (i) of the pressure thrust bearing (10) measured in the same direction.

6. The building as set forth in claim 2,

characterized in that the length (f) of the protrusions (22, 23, 24, 25) measured in the longitudinal direction (5) of the barrier seam (4) is at most twice the width (g) of the protrusions (22, 23, 24, 25) measured in the transverse direction (28) of the barrier seam (4) and horizontally.

7. The building as set forth in claim 1,

characterized in that the pressure thrust bearing (10) is arranged centrally in the insulating body (7) in a transverse direction (28) of the blocking seam (4).

8. Building with a first building component (2), a second building component (3) and a barrier joint (4) running between the first building component (2) and the second building component (3), in which barrier joint a thermally insulating structural element (6) is arranged, wherein the thermally insulating structural element (6) has an insulation (7) with longitudinal sides (19, 20) lying opposite one another, wherein a first longitudinal side (19) is arranged at the first building component (2) and a second longitudinal side (20) is arranged at the second building component (3), wherein the first longitudinal side (19) extends, at least partially, vertically above the second longitudinal side (20), wherein the thermally insulating structural element (6) has a force transmission element, projecting through the insulating body (7) from the first longitudinal side (19) to the second longitudinal side (20), wherein at least one first force transmission element consisting of a castable, non-metallic material is provided,

characterized in that the insulator (7) is configured as a holding case (8) filled with a barrier material (9).

9. The building as set forth in claim 8,

characterized in that the holding box (8) is constructed from plastic and the barrier material (9) is a mineral wool fabric.

10. The building as set forth in claim 8,

characterized in that the at least one first force-transmitting element is positioned in the holding box (8).

11. The building as set forth in claim 8,

characterised in that at least one first force transmitting element is a pressure bearing (40).

12. The building as set forth in claim 8,

the casting method is characterized in that the castable nonmetallic material is high-strength concrete or high-strength mortar.

13. The building as set forth in claim 8,

characterized in that the castable non-metallic material is fiber reinforced.

14. A building as claimed in claim 8, wherein,

characterized in that the at least one further force transmission element is a draw bar (11).

15. The building as set forth in claim 8,

characterized in that at least one further force transmission element is a transverse force bar (30), wherein transverse force bars (30) are provided which cross each other in a line of sight direction along the longitudinal direction (5) of the barrier seam (4).

16. The building as set forth in claim 15, wherein,

characterized in that the transverse force bars (30) are arranged in pairs.

17. Building with a first building component (2), a second building component (3) and a barrier joint (4) running between the first building component (2) and the second building component (3), in which barrier joint a thermally insulating structural element (6) is arranged, wherein the thermally insulating structural element (6) has an insulation (7) with longitudinal sides (19, 20) lying opposite one another, wherein a first longitudinal side (19) is arranged at the first building component (2) and a second longitudinal side (20) is arranged at the second building component (3), wherein the first longitudinal side (19) extends, at least partially, vertically above the second longitudinal side (20), wherein the thermally insulating structural element (6) has a force transmission element, the force transmission element protrudes through the insulator (7) from the first longitudinal side (19) to the second longitudinal side (20),

characterized in that at least one force transmission element comprises two pulling rods (11) which are connected to one another in a force-transmitting manner by means of a push plate (50) arranged at least partially in the insulating body (7).

18. The building as set forth in claim 17,

characterized in that the thickness (k) of the push plate (50) measured in the longitudinal direction (5) of the barrier seam (4) is smaller than the diameter (m) of at least one pulling rod (11).

19. The building as set forth in claim 17,

characterized in that the length (p) of the insulation (7) measured in the longitudinal direction (5) of the barrier seam (4) is at least 5 times the height (r) of the insulation (7) measured in the vertical direction from the first longitudinal side (19) to the second longitudinal side (20).

20. The building as set forth in claim 17,

characterized in that the length (p) of the insulation (7) measured in the longitudinal direction (5) of the barrier seam (4) has at least 5 times the width (e) of the insulation (7) measured in the transverse direction (28) of the barrier seam (4) and horizontally.

21. The building as set forth in claim 17,

characterized in that all force transmission elements of the thermally insulating structural element (1) are constructed separately from one another and are separated from one another by the insulator (7).