EP3181739A1 - Arrangement of combing cylinders in a combing machine - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a combing machine with a plurality of combing heads (10), each combing head (10) having a nipper unit (18) with a pivotally mounted upper nipper plate (22) and a rotatable lower nipper plate (20) and one on a common shaft (12) rotatably mounted combing cylinder (16). A movement of the upper tong plate (22) is controlled by an angular position of the combing cylinder (16) by means of a control device (29). Each combing cylinder (16) is provided on its circumference with a combing segment (38) and a tear-off segment (46), wherein the Abreisssegment (46) a rotatably mounted Abreisswalze (48) is deliverable. According to the invention, at least one combing cylinder (16a) is arranged in the circumferential direction of rotation of the common shaft (12) with an offset (14) to the remaining combing cylinders (16b, 16c) of the common shaft (12).

Description

The invention relates to a combing machine according to the preamble of patent claim 1.

From the WO 2010/012112 A1 a combing machine with a plurality of combing heads is known which comprises a nipper unit with a pivotally mounted upper nipper plate and a rotatable lower nipper plate and each having a rotatably mounted on a common shaft combing cylinder, wherein a movement of the upper nipper plate controlled by a rotational angular position of the combing cylinder by means of a control device and each combing cylinder is provided on its circumference with a combing segment and a tear-off segment, and wherein the Abreisssegment a rotatably mounted Abreisswalze is deliverable.

The device according to the WO 2010/012112 A1 has the disadvantage that the tearing off the rotatably mounted tear-off roller is delivered to each combing head at the same time the corresponding tear-off. This leads to increased friction on the outer circumference of the respective Abreisssegmentes and an associated braking effect, so that the common shaft undergoes an imbalance during operation. Also, the upper tong plate is mechanically connected to the common shaft and thus additionally influences the imbalance of the common shaft. Thus, the common shaft is mechanically loaded so that act especially at a high number of combing very high torque peaks on the common shaft. These mechanical loads, which act on the common shaft, can be so high that the life of the common shaft is considerably reduced. Moreover, the movement of the upper tong plate and the movement of the Abreisswalzen act as sources of noise and therefore lead to increased noise pollution for the combing machine.

The invention is therefore based on the object to provide a comber, which makes it possible to minimize the mechanical loads acting on the common shaft, so that the common shaft can be used with a longer life and also the noise is reduced.

To solve the problem it is now proposed to provide a combing machine with several combing heads, each combing head having a nipper unit with a pivotally mounted upper nipper plate and a rotatable lower nipper plate and each having a rotatably mounted on a common shaft combing cylinder, wherein a movement of the upper nipper plate is controlled by a rotational angle position of the combing cylinder by means of a control device and each combing cylinder is provided on its circumference with a combing segment and a tear-off, and wherein the Abreisssegment a rotatably mounted Abreisswalze is deliverable. According to the invention, at least one combing cylinder is arranged in the circumferential direction of rotation of the common shaft with an offset to the remaining combing cylinders of the common shaft. This causes the arranged with offset at least one combing cylinder at a later time, the delivery of the tear-off roller and the corresponding tearing on the tear-off performs as the rest of the combing cylinder. Thus, in this way, the load on the common shaft can be mechanically compensated during operation and also causes reduced torque peaks. With the inventive arrangement of the combing cylinder with offset from each other on the common shaft in the circumferential direction of rotation, the mechanical loads acting on the common shaft, are distributed so uniformly, so that punctual mechanical stresses are prevented on the common shaft. Moreover, by the offset of the combing cylinder to each other on the common shaft and the movement of the upper pliers plate use offset in time, which advantageously also the noise load is reduced to the combing machine.

Preferably, the combing cylinders of respectively adjacent combing heads are arranged in the circumferential direction of rotation with respect to one another with the offset on the common shaft. In this way, a part of the Abreissegmente the combing cylinders of adjacent combing heads are delivered at a later date, the respective Abreisswalzen, which in particular the mechanical loads on the common shaft act at a later date. This causes a reduction of sections mechanical loads on the common shaft, whereby an extension of the life of the common shaft can be achieved.

More preferably, the combing cylinder of at least two combing heads form a group, wherein at least one group of juxtaposed groups is arranged in the circumferential direction of rotation with respect to each other with the offset on the common shaft. The offset of juxtaposed groups has the advantage that, depending on the number of combing heads per group, a corresponding reduction of the resulting torque peak can be achieved. By arranging the groups on the common shaft in the circumferential direction of rotation with offset from each other is also an optimal distribution of the mechanical loads acting on the common shaft, possible. The groups of combing heads can be optimally arranged on the common shaft in such a way that mechanical loads are occasionally prevented at individual points on the common shaft, with the risk of deflection.

Particularly preferably, groups of 2, 4 or 8 combing heads are provided. These groups are arranged in the circumferential direction of rotation with each other with the offset on the common shaft and thus enable a reduction of the mechanical loads. A reduction of the noise load is also possible due to the geometric offset of the groups on the common shaft and the associated time delay of the movement of the upper tong plate and the movement of the tear-off rollers.

In the case of 8 adjacent combing heads with groups of 2 combing heads each, these groups of two are arranged with an offset at an angle of 90 ° to one another on the common shaft in the circumferential direction of rotation. In 8 adjacent combing heads with groups of 4 combing heads each of these 4 groups are arranged with an offset at an angle of 180 ° to each other on the common shaft in the circumferential direction of rotation.

In the case of 16 adjacent combing heads with a group of 2 combing heads each, these groups of two are arranged with an offset at an angle of 45 ° to each other on the common shaft in the circumferential direction of rotation. For 16 adjacent combing heads with groups of 4 combing heads each, these 4 groups are each offset at an angle of 90 ° to each other on the common shaft in the circumferential direction of rotation arranged. In 16 adjacent combing heads with groups of 8 combing heads each of these 8-th groups are arranged with an offset at an angle of 180 ° to each other on the common shaft in the circumferential direction of rotation.

In 24 adjacent combing heads with a group of 2 combing heads each of these 2 groups are arranged with an offset at an angle of 30 ° to each other on the common shaft in the circumferential direction of rotation. In 24 adjacent combing heads with groups of 4 combing heads each of these 4 groups are arranged with an offset at an angle of 60 ° to each other on the common shaft in the circumferential direction of rotation. In 24 adjacent combing heads with groups of 8 combing heads each of these 8-th groups are arranged with an offset at an angle of 120 ° to each other on the common shaft in the circumferential direction of rotation.

Preferably, the offset on the common shaft is a proportion of 360 ° with respect to a number of the combing heads used or a multiple thereof. The number of combing heads used or a multiple thereof defines the offset of the combing cylinder on the common shaft in the circumferential direction and in particular allows optimal distribution of the combing cylinder on the common shaft without the risk of imbalance of the common shaft during operation. Thus, in this way, the resulting torque peak, which would have to overcome the drive motor, be significantly reduced.

More preferably, the offset between adjacent combing cylinders arranged on the common shaft in the circumferential direction of rotation at an angle of 15 ° or more. The offset at an angle of 15 ° to the adjacent combing cylinder on the common shaft in the circumferential direction relates to an embodiment in which optimally 24 combing heads are arranged adjacent to each other. Also conceivable are combing machines with 8 or 16 combing heads. In these embodiments, the offset optimally has an angle of 45 ° or 22.5 °. Of course, a different number of combing heads per comber is possible. The phrase "or more" refers to the maximum possible angle of offset between two adjacent ones Combing cylinders and is physically limited by the outer circumference of the common shaft.

Preferably, the common shaft is divided into at least two subsections, wherein a plurality of combing cylinders is mounted on each subsection and these combing cylinders are arranged with each other with the offset. In this way, a plurality of combing cylinder without offset on the respective section rotatably mounted and the various sections are arranged to each other with the offset. The individual shafts are aligned with each other by mechanical means (e.g., wedge and groove).

It is also conceivable, however, that a plurality of combing cylinders are rotatably mounted on a partial section relative to one another with the offset and the adjacent partial sections are arranged relative to one another without an offset.

More preferably, the control means for moving the upper tong plate cooperates with a cam, wherein the cam plate is rotatably mounted on the common shaft and the upper tong plate is supported on the cam. In this way, the movement of the upper tong plate is mechanically connected to the angular position of the cam plates, whereby the arrangement of adjacent combing cylinders with offset on the common shaft is coupled with the movement of the upper tong plate.

Preferably, the common shaft is provided with positioning means for arrangement with offset and for fixing the combing cylinder on the common shaft. The positioning means allow easy visual inspection and at the same time a simple assembly aid.

Particularly preferably, the positioning means are formed as holes, depressions or elevations. In the holes screws, rivets or the like can engage to ensure the attachment and positioning. In the wells differently shaped pins or pins can engage to ensure axial displacement and radial securing of the combing cylinder on the common shaft. The bumps on the common shaft can with recesses The combing cylinders cooperate to ensure optimum positioning.

Preferably, a marking in the form of a color coding or an engraving is provided on the common shaft for each combing cylinder. This allows a simple visual inspection in the arrangement of a number Kämmzylinder on the common shaft.

Further advantages of the invention will be apparent from an embodiment described below and shown.

Fig. 1

eine schematische Seitenansicht einer Kämmmaschine mit einer erfindungsgemässen Anordnung von drei benachbarten Kämmköpfen auf einer gemeinsamen Welle;

Fig. 2

ein Ausführungsbeispiel nach Fig. 1 mit geöffneter Zange;

Fig. 3

eine graphische Darstellung eines relativen Drehmomentkurvenverlaufs pro Umdrehung an einem Kämmkopf (1. KK);

Fig. 4

eine graphische Darstellung von relativen Drehmomentkurvenverläufen pro Umdrehung von 8 Kämmköpfen mit jeweils 45° Versatz zueinander (1. KK bis 8. KK), der resultierende Drehmomentkurvenverlauf der 8 zueinander versetzten Kämmköpfe (Resultierende) und den relativen Drehmomentkurvenverlauf von 8 überlagerten Kämmköpfen ohne Versatz (1. KK * 8).

Show it:

Fig. 1

a schematic side view of a combing machine with an inventive arrangement of three adjacent combing heads on a common shaft;

Fig. 2

an embodiment after Fig. 1 with opened pliers;

Fig. 3

a graphical representation of a relative torque curve per revolution on a combing head (1st KK);

Fig. 4

a graphical representation of relative torque curve curves per revolution of 8 combing heads each with 45 ° offset to each other (1. KK to 8. KK), the resulting torque curve of 8 mutually offset combing heads (resultant) and the relative torque curve of 8 superimposed combing heads without offset (1 KK * 8).

In Fig. 1 is a schematic view of a combing head 10 of a comber shown. As a rule, a multiplicity (eg 8, 16 or 24) of such combing heads 10 are arranged next to one another and are connected to one another in terms of drive via continuous longitudinal shafts.

Each combing head 10 has a combing cylinder 16 rotatably mounted on a common shaft 12 and a nipper unit 18. In the present embodiment according to the present invention, by way of example, three combing cylinders 16a-16c of 24 are adjacent Camming heads 10 arranged on the common shaft 12 in the circumferential direction of rotation with an offset 14 to each other. For 24 adjacent combing heads 10 according to the present example, the offset 14 between the first combing cylinder 16a and the adjacent combing cylinder 16b is at an angle α of 15 °. The superimposed not shown adjacent combing cylinder 16 are arranged with the offset 14 on the common shaft 12.

Above the combing cylinder 16 connected to the driven shaft 12, the nipper unit 18 is provided, which is provided with a lower nipper plate 20 and an upper nipper plate 22. The upper tong plate 22 is connected to lateral arms 24, which are pivotally mounted about a pivot axis 26 on the lower tong plate 20.

On the lateral arms 24, a bracket 28 is fixed (schematically two screwings are indicated) and form a control device 29 from. Each bracket 28 has at its free end an axis 30 on which a respective roller 32 is rotatably mounted. The rollers 32 are depending on the angular position of the combing cylinder 16 on a peripheral surface 34 of a cam 36, which is rotatably mounted on the shaft 12 of the combing cylinder 16. In this way, the control device 29 cooperates with the cam 36 and thus allows the movement of the upper tong plate 22nd

In Fig. 1 is the nipper unit 18 in the closed state and in Fig. 2 in open condition.

In closed state according to Fig. 1 a tuft 40 protrudes from the closed nipper unit 18 and is combed out on a combing segment 38 of the combing cylinder 16. The clamping force of the nipper assembly 18 for clamping the fiber bale 40 is generated by bellows cylinders 42 which are supported at one end by an end face on a cross member 44 connected to pivot arms 45 on the upper nipper plate 22. The bellows cylinder 42 are secured at their other ends via a receptacle 47 on a strut 49 via screws. The strut 49 is fixedly connected to the pivot arms 45, which are pivotally mounted about a pivot axis 51 in the machine frame 53.

Within the nipper unit 18, a feed roller 52 is rotatably mounted, which intermittently during a Kammspieles fiber material 54 such as tapes, nonwoven or wadding from a source, not shown, such as reels, cans, etc. in the direction of a nip 56 of the nipper unit 18 according Fig. 1 supplies. The supply is carried out in dependence on the angular position of the common shaft 12 of the combing cylinder 16 by a not shown gear. In this closed state, a movable mounted fixed comb 62 and a tear-off roller 48 are spaced from the circumference of the combing cylinder 16.

In a partial region of the circumference of the respective combing cylinder 16a-16c, a tear-off segment 46a-46c is fastened, which is used to tear off the combed fiber tuft 40 with the displaceable roller 48 which can be delivered to the tear-off segment 46 Fig. 2 , forms a nip line 57.

Following the tear-off roller 48, a fiber fleece-forming device 58 is schematically shown, by means of which the fiber packets delivered by the tear-off roller 48 are brought together or brazed to form a fiber fleece. The fiber fleece-forming device 58 is in this case provided with a rotating sieve drum 60, which is shown purely schematically, and which is followed by a pair of take-off coins 61. Such a device may, for. B. the embodiment shown in the published WO 2006/012759 A1 correspond.

In the in Fig. 1 shown closed state of the nipper unit 18, the roller 32 is not on the peripheral surface 34 of the cam 36 with the radius R, so that the pressurizing force generated by the under pressure Balgzylindern 42 generated at the nip 56 of the nipper unit 18 is fully effective. Upon further rotation of the common shaft 12, or the cam 36, the area of the cam 36 reaches the area of the roller 32, as in FIG Fig. 2 shown. Thereby, the roller 32 is raised with respect to the stationarily arranged lower tong plate 20 and thereby pivots the pivot arms 45 about the pivot axis 51, whereby the nipper unit 18 opens. In the meantime, the tear-off roller 48 has been displaced in the direction of the common shaft 12 and, together with the tear-off segment 46, forms the nip line 57 for detecting the end of the already combed fiber tuft 40. The tear-off roller 48 is pressed with a loading device, not shown, in this position against the tear-off segment 46. The departure process is now started, wherein the fiber packets torn off via the nip line 57 are delivered to the screening drum 60, on which the formation of a fiber fleece takes place, which is removed via the takeaway roller pairs 61 for further processing. During the tear-off process, the schematically shown fixed comb 62 is in engagement with the tuft 40 through which the drawn-off fiber material is pulled through.

In Fig. 3 the relative torque curve is shown for a combing game on a combing head (1st KK), wherein a rotation of the common shaft corresponds to a combing game, in which the combing out of the tuft and the tearing off of the fiber packets. The relative torque curve is given in percent and normalized to the maximum positive torque. This lies in the present curve at about 0.6 relative to one revolution per combing game. The combing play is approximately the same for all combing heads of a comber and has a torque characteristic as in Fig. 3 shown and described below. The relative torque curve can be divided into following areas A to C:

In area A between 0.3 to 0.5 of the revolution per combing action, the pliers open and the tear-off roller is delivered to the tear-off segment. In this way, the tuft is clamped between the tear-off roller and the outer surface of the tear-off segment and thus causes a braking effect to 0.4 of the revolution per combing game. At the same time, the movable fixed comb combs out the fiber fleece and individual fiber packets are torn off.

In area B, between 0.5 and 0.8 turns per combing game, the pliers close and the tuft looks out over a nip. At the same time, the torn-off fiber packet is further processed by the fiber web-forming device, wherein a control flap is pivoted in the direction of the screen drum and an insert in the screen drum.

In the region C between 0.8 to 1 and 0 to 0.3, the combing segment attached to the combing cylinder meshes with the tuft. As soon as one revolution per combing game has been passed through from 0 to 1, the torque curve begins according to Fig. 3 again from the beginning. This is the reason why the area C in Fig. 3 on the one hand lies between 0 to 0.3 and 0.8 to 1. In principle, the combing out of the fiber batt with the combing segment commences according to region C following the region B.

The problem with the device according to the known prior art - as discussed in the introduction - is that the tear-off rollers of each combing head are delivered to the corresponding tear-off segment at the same time during the tear-off operation. This leads to increased noise on the combing machine, because the rotating or moving components generate an increased noise during the combing games, which multiplies accordingly with a higher number of combing heads. In addition, the simultaneous delivery of Abreisswalzen lead to the outer periphery of the Abreisssegmente and the movements of the upper pliers plates by means of the control devices on each combing head to very high mechanical loads acting on the common shaft. In Fig. 4 For example, these very high mechanical loads acting on the common shaft are shown as torque peaks of eight superimposed torque waveforms in the present example (1st KK * 8). Since the torque curve at each combing head is approximately equal, the torque peaks in the positive and negative directions multiply correspondingly at the same time of one revolution per combing game. Thus, eight superimposed torque curves (1st KK * 8) result in the maximum positive torque (100%) of a single combing head (1st KK), as in Fig. 3 now 8 times higher and thus has a maximum positive torque of 800% (see Fig. 4 ). Accordingly, a high number of combing heads in a combing machine results in a corresponding multiplication of the maximum torque peaks acting on the common shaft, thereby significantly reducing the life of the common shaft.

In order to solve the problem of the prior art, it is proposed according to the invention, the combing cylinder 16a - 16c of adjacent combing heads, as in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 shown and described above, to each other with an offset in the circumferential direction of rotation on the common shaft 12 to be arranged. This has the consequence that the previously superimposed torque curve courses, as in Fig. 4 for eight combing heads (1. KK * 8) exemplified, now offset in time, as well as in Fig. 4 shown, begin and end. The offset of the combing cylinder to eight adjacent combing heads is arranged in the circumferential direction of rotation at an angle α of 45 ° to each other on the common shaft.

The time-shifted torque curve curves 1. KK to 8. KK per revolution of the common shaft compensate each other such that in this way the resulting torque curve ("Resulting" in Fig. 4 ) is considerably reduced. The resultant Fig. 4 is an envelope of the respective positive and negative torque peaks of the eight mutually offset Kämmzylin-the eight adjacent Kämmköpfen (1. KK to 8. KK). The resultant has a significant reduction of the positive and negative torque peaks compared to the eight superimposed combing games on eight combing heads (1st KK * 8). Specifically, the torque curve 1KK * 8 has an absolute torque swing of 1900% (amount of about -1100% to about + 800%) while the resultant has an absolute torque swing of 30% (amount of about -135% to about -105%). ) having a sinusoidal torque curve. Consequently, by the inventive arrangement of the eight combing cylinders with an offset of 45 ° to each other on eight adjacent combing heads in the circumferential direction of rotation on the common shaft, the mechanical loads acting on the common shaft can reduce by up to 98%. This effect has been exemplified for eight combing cylinders of adjacent combing heads with an angle α of 45 ° for the offset, this positive effect even with a higher number of combing heads such as 16 combing heads and an offset angle of 22.5 ° or 24 combing heads and an offset angle of 15 ° is also given.

In a further embodiment, it is conceivable that the common shaft is divided into at least two sections or more. These sections are connected via drive connections with the common shaft, so that a plurality of combing cylinders is rotatably mounted on each section. Accordingly, the combing cylinders are arranged to each other with an offset on the sections. As a drive connection gear or belt drives can be used.

It is also conceivable that the plurality of combing cylinders are arranged on the subsections in each case without an offset to one another, wherein the adjacent subsections have an offset from each other by the drive connections from the common shaft to the subsections are arranged with the offset to each other. The offset may be at an angle α of 15 ° or more to provide relief of the common shaft from mechanical stress.

In a further embodiment, it is also conceivable that in each case a cam and a counter cam disc are provided on the common shaft for each combing head. To compensate for the torque peaks of the cam disks for the nipper unit and the tear-off roller, the countercurve disk can be used, since it mechanically compensates for the mechanical loads which act on the common shaft, counter to the rotational movement of the cams. In this alternative way, a compensation of the mechanical loads for the common shaft is thus possible.

Legend

10

combing head

12

wave

14

offset

16

Combing cylinder 16a to 16c

18

nipper unit

20

lower pliers plate

22

upper pliers plate

24

lateral arms

26

swivel axis

28

hanger

29

control device

30

axis

32

role

34

peripheral surface

36

cam

38

comb segment

40

tuft

42

Air Actuators

44

crossmember

45

swivel arm

46

Abreisssegment

47

admission

48

detaching roller

49

strut

51

swivel axis

52

feed roll

53

machine frame

54

fiber material

56

nip

57

clamping line

58

fiber processing device

60

screen drum

61

Pickup roller pair

62

top comb

α

Angle of offset

R

radius

Claims (10)

Combing machine with a plurality of combing heads (10), each having a nipper unit (18) with a pivotally mounted upper nipper plate (22) and a rotatable lower nipper plate (20) and each one on a common shaft (12) rotatably mounted Kämmzylinder (16) in which movement of the upper tong plate (22) is controlled by a rotational angular position of the combing cylinder (16) by means of a control device (29), and wherein each combing cylinder (16) is provided on its circumference with a combing segment (38) and a tear-off segment (46) and wherein the tear-off segment (46) can be delivered with a rotatably mounted tear-off roller (48), characterized in that, in order to reduce mechanical stress on the common shaft, at least one combing cylinder (16a) in the circumferential direction of rotation of the common shaft (12) is offset ( 14) to the remaining combing cylinders (16b, 16c) is arranged on the common shaft (12). Combing machine according to claim 1, characterized in that the combing cylinders (16) of respectively adjacent combing heads (10) are arranged in the circumferential direction of rotation with respect to each other with the offset (14) on the common shaft (12). Combing machine according to claim 1, characterized in that the combing cylinders (16) of at least two combing heads (10) form a group, wherein at least one group of juxtaposed groups arranged in the circumferential direction of rotation with each other with the offset (14) on the common shaft (12) are. Combing machine according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the offset (14) on the common shaft (12) is a proportion of 360 ° based on the number of used combing heads (10) or a multiple thereof. Combing machine according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the offset (14) between adjacent combing cylinders (16) on the common shaft (12) arranged in the circumferential direction of rotation has an angle α of 15 ° or more. Combing machine according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the common shaft (12) is divided into at least two sections, wherein on each section a plurality of combing cylinders (16) are mounted and these combing cylinder (16) to each other with the offset ( 14) are arranged. Combing machine according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the control device (29) for movement of the upper tong plate (22) with a cam (36) cooperates, wherein the cam (36) rotatably mounted on the common shaft (12) is and the upper tong plate (22) on the cam (36) is supported. Combing machine according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the common shaft (12) is provided with positioning means for arrangement with offset (14) and for fixing the combing cylinder (16) on the common shaft (12). Combing machine according to claim 8, characterized in that the positioning means are formed as holes, depressions or elevations. Combing machine according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that a marking in the form of a color coding or an engraving is provided on the common shaft (12) for each combing cylinder (16).

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