EP3163038B1 - Silencieux pour un système d'échappement d'un moteur à combustion interne - Google Patents

Silencieux pour un système d'échappement d'un moteur à combustion interne Download PDF

Info

Publication number
EP3163038B1
EP3163038B1 EP16195056.3A EP16195056A EP3163038B1 EP 3163038 B1 EP3163038 B1 EP 3163038B1 EP 16195056 A EP16195056 A EP 16195056A EP 3163038 B1 EP3163038 B1 EP 3163038B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
resonator
pipe
muffler
tube
exhaust gas
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP16195056.3A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP3163038A1 (fr
Inventor
Michael Marquardt-Stammberger
Roland Schwarz
Thomas Uhlemann
Mathias Rothfuß
Martin Straehle
Benjamin Roehr
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Eberspaecher Exhaust Technology GmbH and Co KG
Original Assignee
Eberspaecher Exhaust Technology GmbH and Co KG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Eberspaecher Exhaust Technology GmbH and Co KG filed Critical Eberspaecher Exhaust Technology GmbH and Co KG
Publication of EP3163038A1 publication Critical patent/EP3163038A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP3163038B1 publication Critical patent/EP3163038B1/fr
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Images

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N1/00—Silencing apparatus characterised by method of silencing
    • F01N1/02—Silencing apparatus characterised by method of silencing by using resonance
    • F01N1/023—Helmholtz resonators
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N1/00—Silencing apparatus characterised by method of silencing
    • F01N1/003—Silencing apparatus characterised by method of silencing by using dead chambers communicating with gas flow passages
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N1/00—Silencing apparatus characterised by method of silencing
    • F01N1/02—Silencing apparatus characterised by method of silencing by using resonance
    • F01N1/026—Annular resonance chambers arranged concentrically to an exhaust passage and communicating with it, e.g. via at least one opening in the exhaust passage
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N1/00—Silencing apparatus characterised by method of silencing
    • F01N1/08—Silencing apparatus characterised by method of silencing by reducing exhaust energy by throttling or whirling
    • F01N1/082—Silencing apparatus characterised by method of silencing by reducing exhaust energy by throttling or whirling the gases passing through porous members
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
    • F01N13/08—Other arrangements or adaptations of exhaust conduits
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
    • F01N13/18—Construction facilitating manufacture, assembly, or disassembly
    • F01N13/1838—Construction facilitating manufacture, assembly, or disassembly characterised by the type of connection between parts of exhaust or silencing apparatus, e.g. between housing and tubes, between tubes and baffles
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10K—SOUND-PRODUCING DEVICES; METHODS OR DEVICES FOR PROTECTING AGAINST, OR FOR DAMPING, NOISE OR OTHER ACOUSTIC WAVES IN GENERAL; ACOUSTICS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G10K11/00—Methods or devices for transmitting, conducting or directing sound in general; Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
    • G10K11/16—Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
    • G10K11/172—Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general using resonance effects
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2210/00—Combination of methods of silencing
    • F01N2210/02—Resonance and interference
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2470/00—Structure or shape of gas passages, pipes or tubes
    • F01N2470/02—Tubes being perforated
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2470/00—Structure or shape of gas passages, pipes or tubes
    • F01N2470/02—Tubes being perforated
    • F01N2470/04—Tubes being perforated characterised by shape, disposition or dimensions of apertures
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2490/00—Structure, disposition or shape of gas-chambers
    • F01N2490/15—Plurality of resonance or dead chambers
    • F01N2490/155—Plurality of resonance or dead chambers being disposed one after the other in flow direction
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10K—SOUND-PRODUCING DEVICES; METHODS OR DEVICES FOR PROTECTING AGAINST, OR FOR DAMPING, NOISE OR OTHER ACOUSTIC WAVES IN GENERAL; ACOUSTICS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G10K11/00—Methods or devices for transmitting, conducting or directing sound in general; Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
    • G10K11/16—Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
    • G10K11/161—Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general in systems with fluid flow

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a muffler for an exhaust system of an internal combustion engine.
  • Such a silencer generally includes a housing having a peripheral wall. In the enclosed by the peripheral wall interior of the housing is provided to improve the sound damping properties limited by two bottom walls resonator.
  • the two bottom walls may preferably be connected without interruption to the peripheral wall in their outer peripheral region.
  • the resonator chamber is open to other volume regions of the housing interior only via a resonator tube passing through one of the bottom walls or adjoining an opening in this bottom wall.
  • a resonator tube which is generally also referred to as a Helmholtz resonator tube, it becomes possible to tune the sound damping behavior of a silencer constructed in this way to a defined frequency or to a defined frequency range.
  • a muffler according to the preamble of claim 1 is known.
  • a limited by two bottom walls and a peripheral wall of the muffler housing volume area forms a resonator.
  • a resonator tube passes through one of the two bottom walls in the region of an opening provided therein.
  • the resonator tube provided with a perforation is welded with its closed end.
  • a muffler for an exhaust system of an internal combustion engine according to claim 1.
  • This comprises a housing having a peripheral wall, wherein in the housing at least one limited by the peripheral wall and two bottom walls resonator is provided, further comprising at least one resonator tube with a first Tube end and a second tube end, wherein the resonator tube in the region of a first opening in one of the bottom walls adjoins the one bottom wall and / or which passes through a bottom wall such that the first tube end is outside the resonator, and wherein the second tube end on the other bottom wall is fixed.
  • a formed on the other bottom wall molding engages the second tube end in the resonator tube.
  • the resonator tube with its second tube end lying in the resonator chamber is fixed to a bottom wall defining this resonator chamber.
  • the resonator tube can be fixed to the other bottom wall materially, for example by welding.
  • the resonator from the first pipe end a comprises first resonator tube with a tube wall without openings and starting from the second tube end comprises a subsequent to the first resonator tube second resonator tube section, wherein the resonator tube in the region of the second resonator tube to the resonator is open.
  • the first tube section in which the tube wall of the resonator tube has no openings, essentially defines the effect length of the resonator tube that is relevant for the damping behavior, whereas the second resonator tube section open to the resonator chamber substantially does not affect the acoustic behavior and primarily the stable retention of the resonator tube at the other Bottom wall serves.
  • the resonator tube may have at least one, preferably a plurality of openings. These openings can be designed in various forms.
  • the resonator tube in its second resonator tube section, may have a plurality of holes formed, for example, with a circular cross-section, so that the second resonator tube section is a substantially perforated tube section.
  • at least one, preferably a plurality of elongated openings is provided in the second resonator tube section.
  • At least one elongate opening may, for example, be substantially elongated in a resonator tube longitudinal direction and may optionally be open to the second tube end.
  • the second Resonatorrohrabites example with a plurality of the connection to the other bottom wall providing and interrupted by slot-like openings, web-like wall sections may be formed.
  • the second resonator tube section can be formed, for example, with a peripheral region of the tube wall, while no tube wall is present in the remaining peripheral region and thus the resonator tube is open to the resonator chamber via this remaining peripheral region or the end region of the first resonator tube section.
  • At least one exhaust outlet pipe adjoins the one bottom wall in the region of a second opening in the one bottom wall and connects to the other bottom wall in the region of a third opening in the other bottom wall.
  • the one bottom wall that is to say the bottom wall on which the resonator tube preferably passes through the first opening in the region of its first resonator tube section or is subsequently fixedly secured, can be, for example, a resonator chamber of an exhaust gas guide chamber be separating inner bottom wall.
  • the other bottom wall can be an outer bottom wall closing off the housing to the outside, via which the exhaust gases leaving the muffler are removed, for example, through the exhaust gas outlet pipe.
  • an exhaust gas inlet pipe leading into the exhaust gas guide chamber can be provided. Furthermore, the first tube end of the resonator tube can lie in the exhaust gas guide chamber, so that an acoustic connection between the exhaust gas guide chamber and the resonator chamber is established via the resonator tube.
  • the invention further relates to an exhaust system for an internal combustion engine with a silencer according to the invention.
  • an exhaust system for the internal combustion engine of a motor vehicle is generally designated 10.
  • the exhaust system 10 comprises an exhaust gas duct 13 leading the exhaust gases of an internal combustion engine to a silencer designated generally at 12.
  • the exhaust gases introduced into the silencer 12 exit therefrom in the region of a tail pipe 14 and are discharged via the tail pipe 14 to the environment.
  • the muffler 12 comprises a housing 16 with an approximately cylindrical and preferably constructed of sheet metal peripheral wall 18. At the two end portions of the peripheral wall 18, this is in with Fig. 2 shown personally foundedwandonne 20, 22, for example, by welding, fixed and gas-tight, so that a generally designated 24 interior of the muffler 16 through the peripheral wall 18 and the two negligenceitzwanditch 20, 22 is basically gas-tight.
  • An exhaust gas inlet pipe 30 is fixedly connected in the region of an opening 32 provided in the outer bottom wall 20 to the outer bottom wall 20, for example by welding, and can be integral with the exhaust pipe 10 for integration of the silencer 12 into the exhaust system 10, for example by welding or gas-tight plug-in connection be connected.
  • the exhaust gas inlet pipe 30 passes through an opening 34 in the inner bottom wall 26 and extends up to the inner bottom wall 28 zoom.
  • a formation 36 may be provided, which may extend into the end region of the exhaust gas inlet pipe 30 in order to provide a defined positioning and a fixed support for the exhaust gas inlet pipe 30. This can in this area to the inner bottom wall 28 material fit, for example, by welding, be connected.
  • an exhaust guide chamber into which the exhaust gases supplied via the exhaust gas inlet pipe 30 can enter through a plurality of holes 40 provided in the exhaust gas inlet pipe 30, in particular in the region between the two inner bottom walls 26, 28.
  • An exhaust gas outlet pipe 42 is connected in the region of an opening 44 to the inner bottom wall 28, for example by welding gas-tight and is in the region of an opening 46 in the outer bottom wall 22 to this gas-tight, for example, by welding, connected.
  • the exhaust gas outlet pipe 42 may extend slightly beyond the outer bottom wall 22 and in this area, for example by welding or / and plug-in, with the tailpipe 14 be gas-tight or be.
  • the exhaust gas outlet pipe 42 passes through a resonator chamber 48 formed between the inner bottom wall 28 and the outer bottom wall 22 in a gastight manner and establishes a connection between the exhaust gas guide chamber 38 and the tail pipe 14 and thus the outside environment.
  • a resonator tube 50 is firmly and gas-tightly connected in the region of an opening 52 to the inner bottom wall 28, for example by welding. Like this in the 3 and 4 the resonator tube 50 passes through the opening 52 provided in the inner bottom wall 28 and lies with a first pipe end 54 in the exhaust gas guide chamber 38.
  • the opening 52 can be provided in the region of the shaping 36 provided for the defined positioning of the exhaust gas inlet pipe 30 the resonator tube 50 is positioned with its first tube end 54, for example substantially centrally, in the exhaust gas inlet tube 30.
  • the resonator tube 50 extends through the resonator chamber 48 and lies with a second tube end 56 dull on the inside of the outer bottom wall 22 at. Again, like this in Fig. 2 is shown, in the outer bottom wall 22 a inwardly, so the interior 24 directed formation 58 may be provided, for example, in the region of the second Tube end 56 engages in the interior of the resonator tube 50 to support this centered, or abuts the second tube end 56.
  • a stable connection of the resonator tube 50 both to the inner bottom wall 28 and to the outer bottom wall 22 can be achieved, for example, by material closure, in particular by welding.
  • the resonator tube 50 has, starting from the first tube end 54, a first resonator tube section 60, in which a tube wall 62 of the resonator tube 50 has no openings.
  • the first tube section 60 is the portion of the resonator tube that defines its acoustic effect.
  • the resonator tube 50 has a second resonator tube section 64, which extends as far as the first resonator tube section 60, thus adjoining it, and in which a multiplicity of openings 66 are formed in the illustrated example.
  • These openings 66 are in the in the Fig. 2 to 4 illustrated example as holes 68 formed with, for example, substantially circular cross-section.
  • the holes 68 may be arranged in a regular pattern and form a perforation, via which the resonator tube 50 in its second resonator tube section 64 is open towards the resonator chamber 48.
  • the second resonator tube section 64 essentially or primarily serves to connect and support the resonator tube 50 to the housing 16, in particular the outer bottom wall 22, and is acoustically essentially ineffective due to the multiplicity of openings 66 or holes 68.
  • the provision of the second resonator tube section 64 makes it possible to form the resonator tube 50 with a comparatively long first resonator tube section 60 extending in the region of the resonator chamber 48 or extending from the exhaust guide chamber 38 into the resonator chamber 48, nevertheless the occurrence of vibration-induced oscillations of the resonator tube Resonator tube 50 to avoid.
  • This stable connection of the resonator tube 50 is achieved in a structurally simple manner and avoids the need to have a lateral support, for example, to the outlet pipe 42 to provide.
  • FIG Fig. 5 A modification of the muffler 12 is shown in FIG Fig. 5 shown. It can be seen that, in this modification, the resonator tube 50 is formed in its second resonator tube section 64 with a plurality of openings 70 which are elongated in the longitudinal direction of the resonator tube 50 and open to the second tube end 56 in the example shown, which openings 66 in the second resonator tube section in this exemplary embodiment 64.
  • the elongate openings 70 essentially form interruptions in the tube wall 62, via which the resonator tube 50 is open to the resonator chamber 48.
  • the web-like sections 72 of the tube wall 62 formed between the openings 70 are preferably fixed in the region of the second tube end 56 by welding to the outer bottom wall 22.
  • FIG. 6 Another variation is in Fig. 6 shown. It can be seen here that part of the tube wall 62 is absent in the second resonator tube section 64, so that the second resonator tube section 64 is essentially provided by a peripheral section 74 of the tube wall 62.
  • the missing region 76 of the tube wall forms an opening 66, via which the resonator tube 50, following the first resonator tube section 60, is open to the resonator chamber 48.
  • the pipe wall section 74 can in turn be fixed in the region of the second pipe end 56 by welding to the outer bottom wall 22.
  • the length of the acoustically effective portion of the resonator tube 50 is substantially determined by the length of the first resonator tube 60, while the second resonator tube 64 adjoining the first resonator tube 60 acoustically has substantially no effect, but a stable connection of the resonator tube 50 at its second pipe end allows.
  • the silencer described above and shown in the figures can be provided within the scope of the present invention.
  • the resonator chamber 48 which is open substantially only via the resonator tube 50 to the exhaust-gas guide chamber 38, can also be formed between two inner bottom walls, through which the outlet tube 42 can discharge the exhaust gases from the interior 24 of the housing 16.
  • two adjacent, from the interior 24 exhaust gases laxative exhaust outlet pipes 42 may be provided.
  • an exhaust-gas guide tube or an additional exhaust-gas guide tube leads out of the volume region of the interior 24 formed between the inner bottom wall 26 and the outer bottom wall 20, so that, for example, an exhaust gas outlet pipe discharges exhaust gases from the interior 24, in each case in the region of both outer bottom walls 20, 22 ,

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
  • Multimedia (AREA)
  • Exhaust Silencers (AREA)

Claims (11)

  1. Silencieux pour un système d'échappement d'un moteur à combustion, comprenant un boîtier (16) avec une paroi circonférentielle (18), une chambre de résonateur (48) limitée par la paroi circonférentielle (18) et deux parois de fond (28, 22) étant prévue dans le boîtier (16), comprenant en outre au moins un tuyau de résonateur (50) avec une première extrémité de tuyau (51) et une deuxième extrémité de tuyau (56), où le tuyau de résonateur (50) se raccorde à une des parois de fond (28) dans la région d'un premier orifice (52) dans une des parois de fond (28) ou/et passe à travers ladite une paroi de fond (28) de telle manière que la première extrémité de tuyau (51) est située à l'extérieur de la chambre de résonateur (48) et où la deuxième extrémité de tuyau (56) est fixée à l'autre paroi de fond (22), caractérisé en ce qu'une formation (58) formée à l'autre paroi de fond (22) engage le tuyau de résonateur (50) à la deuxième extrémité de tuyau (56).
  2. Silencieux selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que la deuxième extrémité de tuyau (56) est fixée par liaison de matière à l'autre paroi de fond (22), de préférence par soudage.
  3. Silencieux selon les revendications 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce que le tuyau de résonateur (50) comprend en partant de la première extrémité de tuyau (51) une première section de tuyau de résonateur (60) avec une paroi de tuyau (62) sans orifices et en partant de la deuxième extrémité de tuyau (56) une deuxième section de tuyau de résonateur (64) connectée à la première section de tuyau de résonateur (60), le tuyau de résonateur (50) étant ouvert vers la chambre de résonateur (48) dans la région de la deuxième section de tuyau de résonateur (64).
  4. Silencieux selon la revendication 3, caractérisé en ce que le tuyau de résonateur (50) comprend dans la deuxième section de tuyau de résonateur (64) au moins un, de préférence plusieurs orifices (66).
  5. Silencieux selon la revendication 4, caractérisé en ce que le tuyau de résonateur (50) comprend dans la deuxième section de tuyau de résonateur (64) une pluralité de trous (68).
  6. Silencieux selon les revendications 4 ou 5, caractérisé en ce que le tuyau de résonateur (50) comprend dans la deuxième section de tuyau de résonateur (64) au moins une, de préférence une pluralité d'orifices allongés (70, 76).
  7. Silencieux selon la revendication 6, caractérisé en ce qu'au moins un orifice allongé (70, 76) est allongé essentiellement dans un sens longitudinal du tuyau de résonateur ou/et en ce qu'au moins un orifice allongé (70, 76) est ouvert vers la deuxième extrémité de tuyau (56).
  8. Silencieux selon une des revendications 1-7, caractérisé en ce qu'au moins un tuyau de sortie de gaz d'échappement (42) est connecté à ladite une paroi de fond (28) dans la région d'un deuxième orifice (44) dans ladite une paroi de fond (28) et est connecté à l'autre paroi de fond (22) dans la région d'un troisième orifice (46) dans l'autre paroi de fond (22).
  9. Silencieux selon une des revendications 1-8, caractérisé en ce que ladite une paroi de fond (28) est une paroi de fond intérieur (28) séparant la chambre de résonateur (48) d'une chambre de guidage de gaz d'échappement (38) ou/et en ce que l'autre paroi de fond (22) est une paroi de fond extérieur (22) fermant le boîtier (16) vers l'extérieur.
  10. Silencieux selon la revendication 9, caractérisé en ce que un tuyau d'entrée de gaz d'échappement (30) est prévu introduisant des gaz d'échappement dans la chambre de guidage de gaz d'échappement (38) ou/et en ce que la première extrémité de tuyau (51) du tuyau de résonateur (50) est située dans la chambre de guidage de gaz d'échappement (38).
  11. Système d'échappement d'un moteur à combustion comprenant un silencieux (12) selon une des revendications précédentes.
EP16195056.3A 2015-10-30 2016-10-21 Silencieux pour un système d'échappement d'un moteur à combustion interne Active EP3163038B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102015118573.3A DE102015118573A1 (de) 2015-10-30 2015-10-30 Schalldämpfer für eine Abgasanlage einer Brennkraftmaschine

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3163038A1 EP3163038A1 (fr) 2017-05-03
EP3163038B1 true EP3163038B1 (fr) 2018-05-02

Family

ID=57184364

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP16195056.3A Active EP3163038B1 (fr) 2015-10-30 2016-10-21 Silencieux pour un système d'échappement d'un moteur à combustion interne

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US10167756B2 (fr)
EP (1) EP3163038B1 (fr)
CN (1) CN106640274B (fr)
DE (1) DE102015118573A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102017124750A1 (de) * 2017-10-23 2019-04-25 Eberspächer Exhaust Technology GmbH & Co. KG Schalldämpfereinsatz, Schalldämpfer mit diesem und Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Schalldämpfereinsatzes
DE102017130661A1 (de) * 2017-12-20 2019-06-27 Montaplast Gmbh Breitbanddämpfer für einen Kraftfahrzeug-Motor
DE102018104239A1 (de) 2018-01-22 2019-07-25 Eberspächer Exhaust Technology GmbH & Co. KG Schalldämpfer
EP3514342B1 (fr) * 2018-01-22 2020-07-22 Eberspächer Exhaust Technology GmbH & Co. KG Amortisseur de bruit
DE102019101418A1 (de) 2018-01-26 2019-08-01 Futaba Industrial Co., Ltd. Schalldämpfer
US11319847B2 (en) * 2018-09-19 2022-05-03 Tenneco Automotive Operating Company Inc. Exhaust device with noise suppression system
DE102019111270A1 (de) * 2019-05-02 2020-11-05 Eberspächer Exhaust Technology GmbH & Co. KG Abgasschalldämpfer für eine Abgasanlage einer Brennkraftmaschine
US11421569B2 (en) * 2019-10-18 2022-08-23 Tenneco Automotive Operating Company Inc. Muffler
DE102020109817A1 (de) * 2020-04-08 2021-10-14 Purem GmbH Einsatzbaugruppe für einen Schalldämpfer einer Abgasanlage einer Brennkraftmaschine

Family Cites Families (22)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2928492A (en) * 1954-06-18 1960-03-15 Nelson Muffler Corp Exhaust muffler
CA1014028A (en) * 1974-01-24 1977-07-19 Raymon E. Hunt Muffler method and apparatus
JPS5713373Y2 (fr) * 1977-05-26 1982-03-17
DE8203483U1 (de) * 1982-02-10 1982-08-19 Zeuna Stärker GmbH & Co KG, 8900 Augsburg Schalldaempfer
JPS60175718A (ja) * 1984-02-22 1985-09-09 Nippon Soken Inc 内燃機関用消音器
DE3417131A1 (de) * 1984-05-09 1985-11-21 LEISTRITZ Maschinenfabrik GmbH, 8500 Nürnberg Reflexions-abgasschalldaempfer
JPS62121818A (ja) * 1985-11-20 1987-06-03 Yamaha Motor Co Ltd 内燃機関の排気消音装置
US4867768A (en) * 1987-08-21 1989-09-19 Donaldson Company, Inc. Muffler apparatus with filter trap and method of use
US5048287A (en) * 1988-08-15 1991-09-17 Arvin Industries, Inc. Tuned exhaust processor assembly
JPH0712650Y2 (ja) * 1989-02-23 1995-03-29 マツダ株式会社 エンジンの排気サイレンサ
JP3017964B2 (ja) * 1997-09-12 2000-03-13 株式会社三五 消音器
JP3943818B2 (ja) * 2000-09-21 2007-07-11 本田技研工業株式会社 エンジンの消音器
GB2383604A (en) * 2001-12-27 2003-07-02 Wilson F G Exhaust gas silencer with combined acoustic resonator chamber and spark arrester
JP4392592B2 (ja) * 2003-12-12 2010-01-06 トヨタ自動車株式会社 排気消音装置
KR100957147B1 (ko) * 2007-12-07 2010-05-11 현대자동차주식회사 차량의 소음기 및 이를 사용한 배기 장치
US7942240B2 (en) * 2009-06-08 2011-05-17 Honda Motor Co., Ltd. Silencer for internal combustion engine
BR112012007406A2 (pt) * 2009-09-24 2016-12-06 Toyota Motor Co Ltd parte de cano de escape e aparelho de escape para motores de combustão interna.
CN102230407B (zh) * 2011-06-30 2012-12-05 广东力宇新能源科技有限公司 一种阻抗复合式排气消音器
CN103603707B (zh) * 2013-11-20 2015-10-28 无锡新世动力机械有限公司 小孔喷注微穿孔式消声装置
CN104594977A (zh) * 2015-01-29 2015-05-06 合肥汇凌汽车零部件有限公司 微型货车内燃机用消音器
CN204476531U (zh) * 2015-03-10 2015-07-15 邵阳学院 一种摩托车尾气排气管
US9534522B2 (en) * 2015-03-23 2017-01-03 Bosal Emission Control Systems Nv Muffler for an exhaust system of an internal combustion engine

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
None *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US20170122154A1 (en) 2017-05-04
CN106640274B (zh) 2022-06-17
DE102015118573A1 (de) 2017-05-04
US10167756B2 (en) 2019-01-01
EP3163038A1 (fr) 2017-05-03
CN106640274A (zh) 2017-05-10

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
EP3163038B1 (fr) Silencieux pour un système d'échappement d'un moteur à combustion interne
EP1686246B1 (fr) Silencieux pour système d'échappement
WO2015032757A1 (fr) Résonateur
EP1795719B1 (fr) Silencieux pour un système d'échappement
EP3728824A1 (fr) Amortisseur à bande large pour un moteur de véhicule automobile
EP4124731B1 (fr) Silencieux
EP1400662B1 (fr) Silencieux à résonateur
EP3330509B1 (fr) Silencieux d'échappement et son procédé de fabrication
EP3061931B1 (fr) Systeme d'echappement de gaz d'un moteur a combustion interne
EP2476871A2 (fr) Agencement d'échappement destiné à l'utilisation avec un moteur à combustion interne
DE2738601C2 (de) Schalldämpfer
EP3263862A2 (fr) Amortisseur acoustique de gaz d'echappement pour un montage longitudinal dans un vehicule
EP4105456B1 (fr) Silencieux pour un système d'échappement d'un moteur à combustion interne
EP3734033B1 (fr) Silencieux de gaz d'échappement pour une installation d'échappement d'un moteur à combustion interne
EP4112892B1 (fr) Silencieux
DE102018112963A1 (de) Schalldämpfer für eine Abgasanlage einer Brennkraftmaschine
EP4343123A1 (fr) Silencieux
WO2009018950A1 (fr) Enceinte pour silencieux
DE102021103379B3 (de) Resonatoreinsatz zum Einsetzen in einen Ansaugstutzen eines Turboladers, Turbolader und Resonator
DE2231617A1 (de) Schalldaempfer fuer drucklufthaemmer
EP0959302A2 (fr) Silencieux pour gaine de fumées d'échappement
EP3828396A1 (fr) Silencieux de gaz d'échappement
DE2515733C3 (de) Schalldämpfer für eine Auspuffanlage an Kraftfahrzeugen
DE964915C (de) Schalldaempfer fuer Brennkraftmaschinen
DE102015209458A1 (de) Abgasturbolader mit akustisch wirksamen Störstellen

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
PUAI Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: A1

Designated state(s): AL AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HR HU IE IS IT LI LT LU LV MC MK MT NL NO PL PT RO RS SE SI SK SM TR

AX Request for extension of the european patent

Extension state: BA ME

17P Request for examination filed

Effective date: 20170802

RBV Designated contracting states (corrected)

Designated state(s): AL AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HR HU IE IS IT LI LT LU LV MC MK MT NL NO PL PT RO RS SE SI SK SM TR

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: DE

Ref legal event code: R079

Ref document number: 502016000965

Country of ref document: DE

Free format text: PREVIOUS MAIN CLASS: F01N0001020000

Ipc: F01N0001000000

GRAP Despatch of communication of intention to grant a patent

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOSNIGR1

RIC1 Information provided on ipc code assigned before grant

Ipc: F01N 1/02 20060101ALI20171123BHEP

Ipc: F01N 13/08 20100101ALI20171123BHEP

Ipc: F01N 13/18 20100101ALI20171123BHEP

Ipc: G10K 11/172 20060101ALI20171123BHEP

Ipc: G10K 11/16 20060101ALI20171123BHEP

Ipc: F01N 1/00 20060101AFI20171123BHEP

INTG Intention to grant announced

Effective date: 20171214

GRAS Grant fee paid

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOSNIGR3

GRAA (expected) grant

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009210

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: DE

Ref legal event code: R082

Ref document number: 502016000965

Country of ref document: DE

Representative=s name: RUTTENSPERGER LACHNIT TROSSIN GOMOLL, PATENT- , DE

Ref country code: DE

Ref legal event code: R082

Ref document number: 502016000965

Country of ref document: DE

Representative=s name: RUTTENSPERGER LACHNIT TROSSIN GOMOLL PATENT- U, DE

Ref country code: DE

Ref legal event code: R082

Ref document number: 502016000965

Country of ref document: DE

Representative=s name: RLTG - RUTTENSPERGER LACHNIT TROSSIN GOMOLL, DE

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: B1

Designated state(s): AL AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HR HU IE IS IT LI LT LU LV MC MK MT NL NO PL PT RO RS SE SI SK SM TR

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: GB

Ref legal event code: FG4D

Free format text: NOT ENGLISH

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: AT

Ref legal event code: REF

Ref document number: 995491

Country of ref document: AT

Kind code of ref document: T

Effective date: 20180515

Ref country code: CH

Ref legal event code: EP

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: DE

Ref legal event code: R096

Ref document number: 502016000965

Country of ref document: DE

Ref country code: IE

Ref legal event code: FG4D

Free format text: LANGUAGE OF EP DOCUMENT: GERMAN

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: SE

Ref legal event code: TRGR

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: DE

Ref legal event code: R082

Ref document number: 502016000965

Country of ref document: DE

Representative=s name: RUTTENSPERGER LACHNIT TROSSIN GOMOLL, PATENT- , DE

Ref country code: DE

Ref legal event code: R082

Ref document number: 502016000965

Country of ref document: DE

Representative=s name: RUTTENSPERGER LACHNIT TROSSIN GOMOLL PATENT- U, DE

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: NL

Ref legal event code: MP

Effective date: 20180502

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: LT

Ref legal event code: MG4D

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: FR

Ref legal event code: PLFP

Year of fee payment: 3

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: ES

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20180502

Ref country code: BG

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20180802

Ref country code: LT

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20180502

Ref country code: NO

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20180802

Ref country code: FI

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20180502

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: NL

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20180502

Ref country code: LV

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20180502

Ref country code: HR

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20180502

Ref country code: RS

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20180502

Ref country code: GR

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20180803

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: PL

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20180502

Ref country code: DK

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20180502

Ref country code: EE

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20180502

Ref country code: CZ

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20180502

Ref country code: SK

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20180502

Ref country code: RO

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20180502

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: DE

Ref legal event code: R097

Ref document number: 502016000965

Country of ref document: DE

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: SM

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20180502

PLBE No opposition filed within time limit

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009261

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: NO OPPOSITION FILED WITHIN TIME LIMIT

26N No opposition filed

Effective date: 20190205

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: SI

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20180502

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: BE

Ref legal event code: MM

Effective date: 20181031

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: LU

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20181021

Ref country code: MC

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20180502

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: IE

Ref legal event code: MM4A

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: BE

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20181031

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: IE

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20181021

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: AL

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20180502

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: MT

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20180502

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: IT

Payment date: 20191031

Year of fee payment: 4

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: TR

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20180502

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: PT

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20180502

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: CH

Ref legal event code: PL

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: HU

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT; INVALID AB INITIO

Effective date: 20161021

Ref country code: CY

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20180502

Ref country code: MK

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20180502

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: IS

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20180902

Ref country code: LI

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20191031

Ref country code: CH

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20191031

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: DE

Ref legal event code: R082

Ref document number: 502016000965

Country of ref document: DE

Representative=s name: RUTTENSPERGER LACHNIT TROSSIN GOMOLL, PATENT- , DE

Ref country code: DE

Ref legal event code: R081

Ref document number: 502016000965

Country of ref document: DE

Owner name: PUREM GMBH, DE

Free format text: FORMER OWNER: EBERSPAECHER EXHAUST TECHNOLOGY GMBH & CO. KG, 66539 NEUNKIRCHEN, DE

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: GB

Ref legal event code: 732E

Free format text: REGISTERED BETWEEN 20210902 AND 20210908

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: IT

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20201021

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: SE

Payment date: 20211021

Year of fee payment: 6

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: AT

Ref legal event code: MM01

Ref document number: 995491

Country of ref document: AT

Kind code of ref document: T

Effective date: 20211021

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: AT

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20211021

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: SE

Ref legal event code: EUG

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: SE

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20221022

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: GB

Payment date: 20231025

Year of fee payment: 8

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: FR

Payment date: 20231023

Year of fee payment: 8

Ref country code: DE

Payment date: 20231018

Year of fee payment: 8