EP3143219B1 - Schalung zum giessen einer betonplatte, konstruktion zum giessen eines bodens, daches oder einer decke, verfahren zum giessen einer betonplatte sowie betonplatte - Google Patents

Schalung zum giessen einer betonplatte, konstruktion zum giessen eines bodens, daches oder einer decke, verfahren zum giessen einer betonplatte sowie betonplatte Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3143219B1
EP3143219B1 EP15730268.8A EP15730268A EP3143219B1 EP 3143219 B1 EP3143219 B1 EP 3143219B1 EP 15730268 A EP15730268 A EP 15730268A EP 3143219 B1 EP3143219 B1 EP 3143219B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
membrane
formwork
concrete
elements
poured
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EP15730268.8A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP3143219A1 (de
Inventor
Johan Fierlafijn
Frédéric OTTE
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Aquadraat Engineering bvba
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Aquadraat Engineering bvba
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Publication of EP3143219A1 publication Critical patent/EP3143219A1/de
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B5/00—Floors; Floor construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted therefor
    • E04B5/16—Load-carrying floor structures wholly or partly cast or similarly formed in situ
    • E04B5/32—Floor structures wholly cast in situ with or without form units or reinforcements
    • E04B5/36—Floor structures wholly cast in situ with or without form units or reinforcements with form units as part of the floor
    • E04B5/38—Floor structures wholly cast in situ with or without form units or reinforcements with form units as part of the floor with slab-shaped form units acting simultaneously as reinforcement; Form slabs with reinforcements extending laterally outside the element

Definitions

  • the present invention concerns a formwork for pouring a concrete slab according to independent claim 1.
  • the present invention in particular relates to such a formwork designed to be mounted on an underlying bearing structure, whereby overhanging portions of the concrete slab to be formed form a span between supporting parts of the bearing structure and whereby a reinforcement is provided in the concrete slab to be formed.
  • a formwork according to the invention is designed for pouring a concrete slab to cover a water management facility, such as for example an underground facility for the infiltration of rain water, a facility for buffering rain water or an underground water storage or the like, or to cover a crawl space or the like in house-building, but the invention is not restricted to these applications.
  • a water management facility such as for example an underground facility for the infiltration of rain water, a facility for buffering rain water or an underground water storage or the like, or to cover a crawl space or the like in house-building, but the invention is not restricted to these applications.
  • provisions are set up under paved areas in the form of underground cavities or wells in which the rain water can be collected temporarily or, in the long term, for example to drain it to a sewer in a controlled manner later on, to use it in other applications or to allow it to infiltrate locally in the underground.
  • infiltration units or buffer units are provided in a building pit to that end, which are comparable to a kind of plastic crates or supports with an open structure and which are often stackable and/or can be mutually coupled to form large, underground open constructions in which water can be collected.
  • underground constructions also form a bearing structure on which a concrete slab can subsequently be poured or on which a footing or the like can be provided.
  • a cover in the shape of a layer of sand or some foundation package, and only then is provided a reinforced road hardening, for example made of concrete, asphalt, clinkers or other materials, selected as a function of the load class or on any other basis.
  • the manufacturers of the infiltration units and buffer units indicate which traffic class corresponds to which minimum cover.
  • the present invention aims to provide a solution to one or more of the aforesaid and/or other disadvantages.
  • the invention aims to provide a solution which makes it possible to pour a concrete slab on top of a bearing structure in a very simple, extremely fast and efficient manner.
  • Another object of the invention is to simplify the construction of the actual bearing structure for the concrete slab as much as possible.
  • Yet another aim of the invention is to make as much use as possible of relatively inexpensive materials which are widely available in the building industry and which can be easily assembled with conventional techniques and connecting means.
  • a sheet or a plurality of bands is used, which is are serving as an important load taking permanent structural part of the realized concrete member.
  • the present invention concerns a formwork for pouring a concrete slab
  • the formwork includes a membrane formed of a foil or tarpaulin or the like made of plastic, whereby the membrane forms the bearing surface that bears the concrete to be poured for the concrete slab while it cures
  • the formwork has a perimeter, provided on at least two opposite sides with lateral elements, and whereby the membrane is fixed and has been fastened to the lateral elements of the formwork to that end, so that the membrane will be stretched between at least two opposite sides of its perimeter, when concrete is poured in the formwork, and whereby the membrane is optionally pre-stretched between said at least two opposite sides of its perimeter, so that the membrane is already stretched before concrete is poured in the formwork, wherein a reinforcement is provided over the membrane, whereby said opposite lateral elements on the opposite sides of the membrane are mutually connected by transverse elements which hold the lateral elements at a distance from one another and which are able to absorb the tension force for stretching the membrane which is present as soon
  • the strength of the invention lies in the fact that it goes against all currently prevailing thoughts, which leads to some surprising effects which moreover strengthen one another.
  • invariably rigid elements are used for assembling a formwork in the assumption, on the one hand, that this is necessary to absorb the large pressures under the weight of the concrete, and on the other hand because non-rigid elements inevitably have a certain deflection, as a result of which the measurements which are usually imposed on the construction cannot be respected or the result which is finally obtained will be considered to be unpredictable.
  • a first major advantage of a formwork according to the invention is indeed that its membrane is bendable or flexible, and possibly even elastic and stretchable, as a result of which certain alignment errors are easily, by itself as it were, absorbed in the bearing structure for the concrete slab, so that larger tolerances in the finishing of this bearing structure are more acceptable than is the case with the conventional techniques, which moreover makes it possible to speed up the building process.
  • the membrane not only adjusts to possible deviations in the bearing structure, of course it also deflects under the pressure of the concrete in locations where it is not supported by the bearing structure.
  • the supporting parts of the bearing structure on which the formwork rests are laterally anchored in the poured concrete slab, so that lateral (typically horizontal) forces can be absorbed.
  • Another major advantage of such a formwork according to the invention is that it can be installed very quickly and efficiently.
  • the invention also concerns a construction according to claim 10 for pouring a floor, ceiling or roof, whereby the construction comprises a formwork according to the invention as described above.
  • the formwork is provided on a bearing structure, whereby the formwork is designed for pouring a concrete slab on the bearing structure, whereby overhanging portions of the concrete slab to be poured form a span between supporting parts of the bearing structure and whereby a reinforcement is provided in the formwork, whereby the membrane of the formwork at least partially spans the bearing structure and is designed for bearing poured concrete for the concrete slab, in particular in the overhanging portions, and for making it rest on the supporting parts.
  • the bearing structure comprises one or several of the following elements:
  • a major advantage of applying for example concrete or brickwork columns is that it is very inexpensive and they can be easily placed by any construction worker.
  • the invention also relates to a method according to claim 14 for pouring a concrete slab to cover a water management facility, whereby the concrete slab must rest on an underlying bearing structure and whereby overhanging portions of the concrete slab form a span between supporting parts of the bearing structure.
  • the invention relates to such a method including at least the following steps:
  • the deflection is obtained in a simple manner with a formwork according to the invention which is provided with a flexible membrane and which makes sure that the supporting parts are firmly anchored in the concrete slab.
  • the first embodiment of a formwork 1 in accordance with the invention represented in figures 1 to 3 has a rectangular shape in a plan view, whereby its perimeter is formed of lateral elements 2 which in this case consist of concrete support blocks 3.
  • These concrete support blocks 3 may for example be concrete blocks having a length of 50 cm, a height of 30 cm and a thickness of 14 cm.
  • small reinforced concrete beams can be used having a length of 1 m to 2 m and a square cross-section of 14 cm by 14 cm.
  • opposite lateral elements 2 are mutually connected by means of transverse elements 6.
  • transverse elements 6 are formed of hollow steel pipes 7, but other types of transverse elements 6, for example in the shape of a steel reinforcement or the like, are not excluded either according to the invention.
  • the steel pipes 7 may for example typically have a diameter of about 35 mm, but other dimensions are not excluded of course.
  • the inserts 9 are not rigidly connected to the hollow steel pipes 7 in this case, but it is not excluded to apply such a rigid connection, for example by means of a welded joint or the like.
  • Such an insert 9 is further provided with a support piece 12 against which a far end 8 of the steel pipe 7 can rest and with which a force can be transmitted onto a support block 3.
  • the other far end 13 of the inserts 9 is anchored in the concrete support block 3 concerned.
  • the far end 13 of said insert 8 can be provided directly in the uncured substance during the manufacture of the concrete support block 3, or it may be anchored in the support block 3 later on, for example by boring and applying a plug or chemical anchor or the like.
  • these reinforcement meshes 14 are dimensioned such that the concrete slab to be poured can handle the required load, for example the load of traffic passing over the concrete slab to be poured.
  • reinforcement meshes 14 with an aperture 15 of 150 mm could be used and with reinforcement bars 16 having a diameter of for example 6 mm, but other dimensions are not excluded either.
  • a formwork 1 special is that it includes a membrane 17 formed of a plastic foil or tarpaulin or the like, whereby the membrane 17 forms a bearing part of the formwork 1 which can bear the concrete to be poured while it cures.
  • the membrane 17 may for example be a PE film (polyethylene) which is at least pliable and flexible and it may also exhibit a certain elasticity, depending on the application.
  • PE film polyethylene
  • the aim is that, after the concrete has been poured, the membrane 17 of the formwork 1 undergoes a certain sag due to its bendability or elasticity, such that alignment errors can easily be absorbed and a large stability of the construction is obtained.
  • the membrane 17 is fixed and to this end, in the given example of figures 1 to 3 , it adheres with its edges 18 to a portion of the formwork 1 itself, more specifically to the support blocks 3.
  • concrete anchors 19 are used in this case, but of course many other means can be used to that end.
  • the membrane 17 is hereby stretched between the two opposite sides 4 of the perimeter of the formwork 1.
  • the lateral elements 2 of support blocks 3 are held at a fixed distance from each other by the hollow steel pipes 7 and the inserts 9.
  • An advantage of the use of hollow steel pipes 7 consists in that such hollow pipes 7 are able to absorb proportionally larger bending moments than full pipes or reinforcement bars of the same weight.
  • the aim is for the whole steel frame formed of the steel pipes 7 to be embedded along in the concrete to be poured.
  • hollow steel pipes 7 as a reinforcement is not necessarily readily accepted, as a result of which the contribution of the hollow steel pipes 7 to the reinforcement of the concrete slab may be excluded from the strength calculation.
  • a design in which the hollow steel pipes 7 are excluded from the strength calculation will usually contain more steel than a similar design, whereby the support blocks 3 are connected by means of transverse elements 6 consisting of reinforcement bars.
  • Figures 4 to 6 represent a construction 20 in accordance with the invention for pouring a concrete slab 21, more specifically a floor or a roof 21 to cover a water management facility, in this case an infiltration basin 22.
  • the concrete slab 21 hereby forms a paved area and may for example be a parking lot, a road, a square or the like.
  • a bearing structure 24 to this end which includes a regular pattern of concrete poles 25 in the middle and whereby the edges 26 of the building pit 24 are bordered with a belt made of plastic (for example PP) infiltration units 27.
  • the poles 25 are poles 25 built of concrete blocks 28, whereby a concrete pad 29 forms the foot of each pole 25 and in this case each time two concrete blocks 28 are cemented on said concrete pad 29.
  • the pads 29 of the poles 25 are intended to better spread the load which is to be transferred to the ground via the poles 25 over the ground surface and thus prevent sagging of the poles 25.
  • bearing structure 24 many other elements can be used to build a bearing structure 24, such as for example plastic columns provided with a pad, prefab concrete cones, retaining wall elements, steel frames and the like.
  • the building pit 23 is provided beforehand with a coating 30 which in this case consists of a geotextile 30.
  • the aim is that rain water which ends up in the infiltration basin 22 after a rain shower can penetrate in the soil through the geotextile 30.
  • the aim may be for example to prevent this infiltration of rain water into the ground and to temporarily store the rain water in the well 22 for other use or to discharge it in a controlled manner from the well 22 to a sewer or drain or the like.
  • the building pit 23 may for example be coated with a waterproof layer.
  • the construction 20 further comprises a formwork 1 as discussed above with reference to figures 1 to 3 .
  • the formwork 1 is hereby provided on the bearing structure 24, whereby the formwork 1 is of course designed for pouring the concrete slab 22 on top of the bearing structure 24.
  • the aim is not to make the formwork 1 beforehand and to then put it over the bearing structure 24.
  • a practical way of working is to roll the membrane 17 over the bearing structure 24 and to then fix it and possibly tighten it, either to portions of the formwork 1 itself which are provided afterwards, or to the bearing structure 24 or other fixed elements in the building pit 23 and the like.
  • overhanging portions 31 of the concrete slab 21 to be poured form a span 31 between supporting parts 32 of the bearing structure 24.
  • the supporting parts 32 are in this case formed of the poles 25 and the infiltration units 27.
  • the reinforcement meshes 14 which are provided in the formwork 1 make sure that the concrete slab 22 is able to support the load in the overhanging portions 31 and can transmit it to the ground via the poles 25.
  • the membrane 17 of the formwork 1 spans the entire bearing structure 24 and is designed to bear poured concrete 33 for the concrete slab 21, in particular in the overhanging portions 31, and to make it rest on the supporting parts 32.
  • the membrane 17 forms a bearing portion of the formwork 1, and consequently the membrane 17 must be sufficiently rigid to be able to bear the weight of the liquid concrete until this concrete has cured.
  • said sag D amounts to at least 1/200, better still at least 1/100, preferably more than 1/50 and even more than the distance L between the nearby supporting parts 32 concerned, i.e. the length L of the span 31.
  • the membrane 17 of the formwork 1 is fixed in the formwork 1 itself.
  • the membrane 17 of the formwork 1 may for example be additionally fixed to one or several supporting parts 32 of the bearing structure 24.
  • a membrane 17 with a certain elasticity may be used, but this is not necessarily the case.
  • the membrane 17 can be fixed to two opposite sides 4 and 5 and be provided with a certain 'extra length', whereby the distance between the opposite sides 4 and 5 is thus shorter than the corresponding dimensions in the direction concerned of the membrane 17.
  • the membrane 17 may obtain the required deflection between the supporting parts 32 while the concrete 33 is being poured.
  • a reinforcement may be applied for example with protruding parts which already deform the membrane 17 in accordance with the deflection to be achieved in the overhanging portions 31 before the concrete 33 is poured.
  • the membrane 17 of the formwork 1 may be stretched before the concrete 33 is actually poured, which may benefit the practical feasibility and execution speed.
  • Figure 7 shows a top view of another embodiment of a bearing structure 24, whereby this time the building pit 23 is bordered by poles 34 instead of infiltration units 27, as was the case in the previous example.
  • the infiltration basin 22 is further sealed by means of sheet material 35 provided on the poles 34 forming the perimeter of the infiltration basin 22.
  • Figures 9 and 10 represent the situation after a concrete slab 21 has been poured on said bearing structure 24 with the aid of a formwork 1 according to the invention, although carried out differently this time.
  • the formwork 1 of figures 9 and 10 includes lateral elements 2 which have the shape of a steal beam or girder 36 this time, with an L-shaped cross-section in the given example.
  • the transverse elements 6 of the formwork 1 are made of reinforcement steel 37 and are no longer formed of hollow steel pipes 7, as was the case in the preceding example.
  • sleeves 38 Transversely to the steel girders 36, sleeves 38 have been welded in which said reinforcement steel can be tightly fit. In this way, the lateral elements 2 are again maintained at a fixed distance from one another.
  • the aim hereby is that the reinforcement steel 37 is made sufficiently heavy to absorb the tension force for stretching the membrane 17 of the formwork 1.
  • the membrane 17 is stretched between the metal girders 36 and fastened to these girders with appropriate means 39.
  • a membrane 17 made of HDPE high density polyethylene
  • a HDPE extrusion weld 39 can be used as a fender.
  • the formwork 1 is further surrounded by lateral panels 40 to form a shell in which the concrete 33 can be poured.
  • the lateral panels 40 are mounted fixed to the sheet material 35 of the bearing structure 24.
  • edges 18 of the membrane 17 also cover the inside of the lateral panels 40, such that the entire membrane 17 forms the actual shell for the concrete 33.
  • FIGS 11 to 16 illustrate yet another possible working method.
  • a bearing structure 24 Similar to that of the situation represented in figure 7 .
  • the formwork 1 of figures 11 to 16 includes lateral elements 2 which, as in the preceding example of figures 9 and 10 , are formed of a steel beam or girder 36 having again an L-shaped cross-section in this example.
  • transverse elements 6 formed of hollow steel pipes 41 designed to absorb the tension force of the membrane 17 of the formwork 1.
  • the aim here is not that these steel transverse elements 41 remain permanently in the concrete 33, but the purpose is precisely to take them away after the concrete 33 has cured.
  • holes 42 have been provided in the metal girders 36 and, through opposite holes 42 in the pair of girders 36, plastic transverse elements 43 are first provided extending between the two opposite girders 36.
  • plastic transverse elements 43 are designed as hollow wall duct tubes 43, made for example of PVC or HDPE, and they do form a part of the formwork 1 which remains permanently in the concrete 33, and they are designed to form a shield between the concrete 33 to be poured and the steel transverse elements 41 which are provided in the wall duct tubes 43 after these plastic wall duct tubes 43 have been put in place in order to temporarily absorb the tension force.
  • the plastic wall duct tubes 43 In order to form a sealed entity in the formwork 1 for the liquid concrete 33, the plastic wall duct tubes 43 must of course have a diameter corresponding to the holes 42 in the metal girders 36.
  • the diameter of the hollow steel pipes 41 is preferably sufficiently smaller than the diameter of the wall duct tubes 43 in order to facilitate the insertion of the steel pipes 41 in the wall duct tubes 43.
  • the hollow steel pipes 41 consist of short segments 44 of for example 1 to 2 metres that are coupled to one another.
  • the hollow steel pipes 41 extend through the girders 36 and rest on either side on a flange 46 which can be screwed down on the steel girder 36 concerned by means of nuts 47, which is represented in greater detail in figures 13 and 14 .
  • the segments 44 can be firmly pressed together to thus absorb the tension force of the membrane 17.
  • the membrane 17 is introduced under the girders 36 and fixed on the outside of the girders 36.
  • reinforcement meshes 14 as in the case of figure 1 , for example.
  • the aim is not only to remove the segments 44 and pins 45, but also the metal girders 36.
  • formwork oil should be provided on the metal frame of the formwork 1.
  • the formwork 1 according to the invention contains parts which are left behind after the pouring of the concrete 33 and thus form parts of a formwork 1, but also temporarily provided parts.
  • This third embodiment has as a major advantage that the actual reinforcement formed by the reinforcement meshes 14 can be used more effectively.
  • the first embodiment of figures 1 to 6 is indeed disadvantageous in that the hollow steel pipes 7 which remain permanently in the concrete 33 do not actually count as reinforcement, which increases the price of the solution and makes the construction relatively heavy.
  • these pipes 7 are situated in the central zone of the concrete 33, where they are least effective to absorb bending moments.
  • This third embodiment of a formwork 1 according to the invention therefore offers an even more practical and more economical solution and also offers all the advantages of the preceding embodiments, for example with regard to the achievement of a sag D and the like.
  • a formwork 1 according to the invention is used for pouring a concrete slab 21 and to that end includes a membrane 17 consisting of a foil or tarpaulin or the like made of plastic, whereby the membrane 17 forms the support that bears the concrete 33 to be poured for the concrete slab 21 while it cures.
  • the membrane 17 is preferably made of a plastic without reinforcement or fibres, for example a non-fibre-reinforced PE foil (polyethylene) with a certain elasticity. This provides for a sag D of the concrete 33 to be poured.
  • PE foil polyethylene
  • the formwork 1 preferably has a perimeter provided on at least two opposite sides with lateral elements 2, and whereby the membrane 17 is fixed and to this end is fastened to the lateral elements 2 of the formwork 1.
  • the membrane 17 is prestretched before the concrete 33 is being poured.
  • the membrane 17 which serves to bear the concrete 33 will also stretch under the weight of the concrete 33, which may be associated with an excessive sag which can be avoided by prestretching the membrane 17.
  • the membrane 17 is preferably prestretched between at least two opposite sides 18 of its perimeter.
  • the formwork 1 is provided on opposite sides 4 and 5 with one or several lateral elements 2, whereby opposite lateral elements 3 or 36 on the opposite sides 18 of the membrane 17 are mutually connected by transverse elements 6.
  • transverse elements 6 keep the lateral elements 2 at a distance from one another and absorb the tension force for prestretching the membrane 17, as well as the additional tension force which is present after the concrete 33 has been poured until this concrete 33 has cured.
  • the transverse elements 6 are preferably formed of pipes 7 or tubes or the like, such that they are highly resistant to bending.
  • Transverse elements in the shape of pipes 7 preferably have a minimal diameter of 30 mm or even 45 mm and a wall thickness between 2 mm and 5 mm, or even between 2.5 mm and 3 mm.
  • retaining means 19 are provided on opposite sides 18 of the membrane 17 for retaining the membrane 17, as well as tightening means with which the retaining means 19 can be moved in relation to one another for stretching the membrane 17.
  • the retaining means may be formed of concrete anchors 19 which are anchored in the lateral elements 2, whereby in this case the tightening means may consist for example of means with which the length of the transverse elements can be adjusted and thus also the distance between the lateral elements 2, such that the membrane 17 is stretched more or less, according to the case.
  • the transverse elements 6 should hereby be manufactured and dimensioned such that they are able to resist said buckling load P, or in other words: P ⁇ ⁇ 2 ⁇ E ⁇ I L whereby:
  • the transverse elements 6 according to the invention extend in a plane parallel to the membrane 17 at a distance from the plane of the membrane 17, for example at a distance which typically amounts to 15 to 20 mm.
  • the far ends of the transverse elements 6 are hereby anchored in the lateral elements 2, in such a way that they are connected in a non-sliding manner to the lateral elements 6.
  • the anchoring of the transverse elements 6 in the lateral elements 2 is further such that the lateral elements 2 cannot undergo a tilting movement as a result of the tension force exerted by the membrane 17 on the lateral elements 2 on the one hand, and the pressure force exerted by the transverse elements 6 on the lateral elements 2 on the other hand, taking into account the distance between the planes in which said forces occur.
  • the transverse elements 6 are reusable, for example for pouring a concrete slab 21 at a different location.
  • Such reusable transverse elements 6 may for example be metal pipes 7 or tubes that are encased in surrounding lost pipes of the formwork 1, such as for example lost pipes made of a plastic such as PVC.
  • the reusable transverse elements 6 are provided such on the lateral elements 2 that they do not end up in the concrete 33 to be poured, so that they can be smoothly removed after the concrete 33 has been poured.
  • the transverse elements 6 are formed of steel pipes 7 with a diameter of at least 30 mm and with a wall thickness between 2 and 5 mm, whereby successive transverse elements 6 are provided between the lateral elements 2 on a centre to centre distance of 30 cm or even 90 cm or more, and whereby the bottom of the pipes is situated 10 mm to 100 mm or even 15 mm to 20 mm above the membrane 17.
  • the invention also concerns a construction 20 for pouring concrete 33 to form a predominantly horizontal span 31, such as a floor, a roof or a ceiling or the like.
  • This span 31 is provided between supporting parts 32 of an underlying bearing structure 24 formed of vertical elements such as walls, vertical columns 25 and the like.
  • a formwork 1 in accordance with the invention is provided on the bearing structure 24.
  • This formwork 1 is designed for pouring a concrete slab 21 on the bearing structure 24, whereby the membrane 17 of the formwork 1 extends over the underlying bearing structure 24 and forms the bearing surface to bear the concrete 33 to be poured for the concrete slab 21 while it cures.
  • a typical feature of the invention is that it is characterised in that the membrane 17 is freely suspended and is not supported at the location of the span 31 between the supporting parts 32, but rests directly on the supporting parts 32 formed by the vertical elements 25.
  • the bearing structure 24 may for example include several columns 25, whereby the end faces of these columns 25 form the above-mentioned supporting parts 32.
  • the membrane 17 of the formwork 1 extends over the end faces of said columns 25, whereby the membrane 17 rests directly on the above-mentioned supporting parts 32 of the columns 25.
  • the supporting parts 32 of the underlying bearing structure 24 are formed of several vertical elements situated at a mutual centre to centre distance from one another amounting to at least 40 cm and maximally 120 cm, or even at least 50 cm and maximally 100 cm.
  • the supporting parts 32 of the underlying bearing structure 24 consist for example of several vertical elements whose width amounts to at least 6 cm and maximally 30 cm, or even at least 10 cm and maximally 20 cm.
  • the invention also concerns a method for pouring concrete 33 to form a predominantly horizontal span 31, such as a floor, a roof or a ceiling or the like, between supporting parts 32 of an underlying bearing structure 24 formed of vertical elements 25 such as walls, vertical columns 25 and the like.
  • the method according to the invention includes at least the following steps:
  • the membrane 17 is prestretched before the concrete 33 is being poured, and in order to fix the membrane 17 to at least two opposite sides 4 and 5 of the formwork 1, a series of concrete support blocks 3 are provided in between which are provided steel pipes 3 or reinforcement bars 37 which hold the concrete support blocks 3 at a fixed distance from one another and which absorb the tension force for prestretching the membrane 17, as well as the additional tension force which is present as soon as the concrete 33 has been poured, until the concrete 33 has cured.

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Claims (15)

  1. Schalung (1) zum Gießen einer Betonplatte (21), wobei die Schalung (1) eine Membran (17) beinhaltet, die aus einer Folie oder einer Deckplane oder dergleichen, hergestellt aus Kunststoff, ausgebildet ist, wodurch die Membran (17) die Tragoberfläche ausbildet, die den für die Betonplatte (21) zu gießenden Beton (33) trägt, während er aushärtet, wodurch die Schalung (1) einen Umfang aufweist, der an wenigstens zwei gegenüberliegenden Seiten mit lateralen Elementen (2, 3, 36) bereitgestellt ist, und wodurch die Membran (17) fixiert ist und an den lateralen Elementen (2, 3, 36) der Schalung (1) an dem Ende befestigt worden ist, so dass die Membran (17) zwischen wenigstens zwei gegenüberliegenden Seiten (18) ihres Umfangs gedehnt sein wird, wenn Beton (33) in die Schalung (1) gegossen wird, und wodurch die Membran (17) optional zwischen den wenigstens zwei gegenüberliegenden Seiten (18) ihres Umfangs vorgedehnt wird, so dass die Membran (17) bereits gedehnt wird, bevor Beton (33) in die Schalung (1) gegossen wird, wobei über der Membran (17) eine Verstärkung (14) bereitgestellt wird, wodurch die gegenüberliegenden lateralen Elemente (2, 3, 36) auf den gegenüberliegenden Seiten (18) der Membran (17) durch Querelemente (6) gemeinsam verbunden sind, die die lateralen Elemente (2, 3, 36) voneinander auf Abstand halten und die in der Lage sind, die vorhandene Zugkraft zum Dehnen der Membran (17) aufzunehmen, die vorhanden ist, sobald und optional bevor der Beton (33) gegossen wird, bis dieser Beton (33) ausgehärtet ist, wobei auf den gegenüberliegenden Seiten (18) der Membran (17) Haltemittel (19), um die Membran (17) zu halten, und Spannmittel bereitgestellt sind, mit denen die Haltemittel (19) in Bezug aufeinander bewegt werden können, um die Membran (17) zu dehnen.
  2. Schalung (1) nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Haltemittel aus Betonankern (19) ausgebildet sind, die in den lateralen Elementen (2) verankert sind, und die Spannmittel aus Mitteln bestehen, mit denen die Länge der Querelemente sowie der Abstand zwischen den lateralen Elementen (2) derart eingestellt werden können, dass die Membran (17) je nach Fall mehr oder weniger gedehnt wird.
  3. Schalung (1) nach einem oder mehreren der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Querelemente (6) aus Rohren (7) oder Röhren oder dergleichen ausgebildet sind.
  4. Schalung (1) nach einem oder mehreren der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Querelemente (6) aus Rohren (7) oder Röhren oder dergleichen ausgebildet sind, die einen minimalen Durchmesser von 30 mm und eine Wanddicke zwischen 2,5 und 3 mm aufweisen.
  5. Schalung (1) nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Querelemente (6) sich in einer Ebene, die parallel zu der Membran (17) ist, in einem Abstand von der Ebene der Membran (17) erstrecken, zum Beispiel in einem Abstand, der typischerweise 15 bis 20 mm beträgt, und wodurch die hinteren Enden der Querelemente (6) in den lateralen Elementen (2) derart verankert sind, dass die Querelemente (6) mit den lateralen Elementen (6) auf eine nichtgleitende Weise verbunden sind und sich die lateralen Elemente (2) als ein Ergebnis einerseits der Zugkraft, die durch die Membran (17) auf die lateralen Elemente (2) ausgeübt wird, und andererseits der Druckkraft, die durch die Querelemente (6) auf die lateralen Elementen (2) ausgeübt wird, und unter Berücksichtigung des Abstands zwischen den Ebenen, in denen diese Kräfte auftreten, keiner Kippbewegung unterziehen können.
  6. Schalung (1) nach einem oder mehreren der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Schalung (1) mit wiederverwendbaren Querelementen (6) versehen ist.
  7. Schalung (1) nach Anspruch 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die wiederverwendbaren Querelemente (6) Metallrohre (7) oder Röhren sind, die in umlaufende verlorene Rohre der Schalung (1) eingeschlossen sind, die beispielsweise aus einem Kunststoff hergestellt sind, oder wodurch die wiederverwendbaren Querelemente (6) derart an den lateralen Elementen (2) bereitgestellt sind, dass sie nicht in den zu gießenden Beton (33) gelangen und problemlos entfernt werden können, nachdem der Beton (33) gegossen worden ist.
  8. Schalung (1) nach einem oder mehreren der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Querelemente (6) aus Stahlrohren (7) mit einem Durchmesser von wenigstens 30 mm und mit einer Wanddicke zwischen 2,6 und 3 mm ausgebildet sind, wodurch aufeinanderfolgende Querelemente (6) zwischen den lateralen Elementen (2) in einem Mitte-Mitte-Aabstand von 30 cm oder mehr bereitgestellt sind und wodurch der Boden der Rohre (7) 10 bis 100 mm über der Membran (17) gelegen ist.
  9. Schalung (1) nach einem oder mehreren der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Membran (17) aus einem Kunststoff ohne jegliche Verstärkung oder Fasern hergestellt ist, zum Beispiel aus einer nicht faserverstärkten PE-Folie (Polyethylen), die eine gewisse Elastizität aufweist, um einen Durchhang (D) des zu gießenden Betons zu ermöglichen.
  10. Konstruktion (20) zum Gießen von Beton (33), wobei die Konstruktion einen überwiegend horizontalen Bereich (31) wie etwa einen Boden, ein Dach oder eine Decke oder dergleichen zwischen stützenden Teilen (32) einer darunterliegenden Tragstruktur (24) ausbildet, die aus vertikalen Elementen wie etwa Wänden, vertikalen Säulen (25) und dergleichen besteht, wobei die Konstruktion ferner eine Schalung nach einem oder mehreren der vorhergehenden Ansprüche umfasst, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Schalung (1) auf einer Tragstruktur (24) bereitgestellt ist, wodurch die Schalung (1) zum Gießen einer Betonplatte (21) auf die Tragstruktur (24) aufgebaut ist, wodurch sich die Membran (17) über die darunterliegende Tragstruktur (24) erstreckt und die Tragoberfläche ausbildet, um den für die Betonplatte (21) zu gießenden Beton (33) zu tragen, während er aushärtet, wodurch die Membran (17) frei aufgehängt ist und an der Stelle des Bereichs (31) zwischen den stützenden Teilen (32) nicht gestützt wird, sondern auf den stützenden Teilen (32) direkt aufliegt, die durch die vertikalen Elemente (25) ausgebildet werden.
  11. Konstruktion (20) nach Anspruch 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Tragstruktur (24) mehrere Säulen (25) beinhaltet, wodurch die Endflächen dieser Säulen (25) stützende Teile (32) ausbilden, wodurch die Membran (17) der Schalung (1) sich über die Endflächen dieser Säulen (25) erstreckt und wodurch die Membran (17) auf den oben erwähnten stützenden Teilen (32) der Säulen (25) direkt aufliegt.
  12. Konstruktion (20) nach Anspruch 10 oder 11, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die stützenden Teile (32) der darunterliegenden Tragstruktur (24) aus mehreren vertikalen Elementen bestehen, die in einem gemeinsamen Mitte-Mitte-Abstand voneinander gelegen sind, der wenigstens 40 cm und maximal 120 cm beträgt.
  13. Konstruktion (20) nach Anspruch 12, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die stützenden Teile (32) der darunterliegenden Tragkonstruktion (24) aus mehreren vertikalen Elementen bestehen, deren Breite wenigstens 6 cm und maximal 30 cm beträgt.
  14. Verfahren zum Gießen von Beton (33), um einen überwiegend horizontalen Bereich (31) wie etwa einen Boden, ein Dach oder eine Decke oder dergleichen zwischen stützenden Teilen (32) einer darunterliegenden Tragstruktur (24) auszubilden, die aus vertikalen Elementen (25) wie etwa Wänden, vertikalen Säulen (25) und dergleichen ausgebildet ist, wodurch eine Schalung (1) nach einem oder mehreren der Ansprüche 1 bis 9 verwendet wird, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Verfahren die folgenden Schritte umfasst:
    - Anbringen oder Bauen der stützenden Teile (32) der Tragstruktur (24);
    - Anbringen der Schalung (1) auf der Tragstruktur, wodurch eine Tragoberfläche ausgebildet wird, um den zu gießenden Beton (33), während er aushärtet, durch Anbringen einer Membran (17) zu tragen, die sich über die Tragkonstruktion (24) erstreckt;
    - Fixieren der Membran (17) an einem Teil der Schalung (1) selbst und/oder an einem Teil außerhalb der Schalung (1);
    - Freies Hängenlassen der Membran (17) und sie nicht an der Stelle des Bereichs (31) zwischen den stützenden Teilen (32) stützen;
    - direktes Stützen der Membran (17) auf den stützenden Teilen (32), die durch die vertikalen Elemente (25) ausgebildet werden;
    - Bereitstellen einer Verstärkung (14) über der Membran (17);
    - Gießen von Beton (33) auf die Membran (17), wodurch der gegossene Beton (33) durch die Membran (17) getragen wird, insbesondere in den überhängen Abschnitten (31), und auf den stützenden Teilen (32) aufliegt, und wodurch die Membran (17) einer Dehnung oder Verformung derart unterzogen wird, dass ein gewisser Durchhang (D) des gegossenen Betons (33) um die stützenden Teile (32) herum erhalten wird; und
    - Ermöglichen des Betons (33), auszuhärten,
    wobei, um die Membran (17) an wenigstens zwei gegenüberliegenden Seiten (4,5) der Schalung (1) zu fixieren, laterale Elemente (2) bereitgestellt sind, die zum Beispiel die Form eines Stahlbalkens oder Tragbalkens (36) aufweisen oder die zum Beispiel aus einer Reihe von Betonstützblöcken (3) bestehen, wobei zwischen den lateralen Elementen (2) Querelemente (6) bereitgestellt sind, wie etwa zum Beispiel Stahlrohre (3) oder Verstärkungsstäbe (37), die die lateralen Elemente (2) in einem fixierten Abstand voneinander halten und die die Zugkraft der Membran (17), die durch das optionale Vordehnen der Membran (17) verursacht wird, sowie die zusätzliche Zugkraft aufnehmen können, die vorhanden ist, nachdem der Beton (33) gegossen worden ist, bis dieser Beton (33) ausgehärtet ist.
  15. Verfahren nach Anspruch 14, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass, nachdem der Beton (33) gegossen worden ist, ein Durchhang (D) der Membran (17) erreicht wird, der wenigstens 1/200, besser 1/100 und vorzugsweise wenigstens 1/30 des Abstands L zwischen den betroffenen nahegelegenen stützenden Teilen (32) beträgt.
EP15730268.8A 2014-05-16 2015-05-15 Schalung zum giessen einer betonplatte, konstruktion zum giessen eines bodens, daches oder einer decke, verfahren zum giessen einer betonplatte sowie betonplatte Active EP3143219B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
BE2014/0371A BE1021913B1 (nl) 2014-05-16 2014-05-16 Verloren bekisting voor het storten van een betonplaat, constructie voor het storten van een vloer, dak of plafond, werkwijze voor het storten van een betonplaat, evenals betonplaat
PCT/IB2015/053585 WO2015173775A1 (en) 2014-05-16 2015-05-15 Formwork for pouring a concrete slab, construction for pouring a floor, roof or ceiling, method for pouring a concrete slab, as well as a concrete slab.

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3143219A1 EP3143219A1 (de) 2017-03-22
EP3143219B1 true EP3143219B1 (de) 2022-01-05

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EP15730268.8A Active EP3143219B1 (de) 2014-05-16 2015-05-15 Schalung zum giessen einer betonplatte, konstruktion zum giessen eines bodens, daches oder einer decke, verfahren zum giessen einer betonplatte sowie betonplatte

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EP (1) EP3143219B1 (de)
BE (1) BE1021913B1 (de)
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Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1941662B2 (de) * 1968-10-14 1979-02-01 Vyskumnyustav Pozemnich Staveb, Prag Decke
US3619959A (en) * 1969-07-07 1971-11-16 Sidney A Parker Concrete building
FR2453955A1 (fr) * 1979-04-10 1980-11-07 Ing Coordination Const Element pour la construction de planchers
CA2101594A1 (en) * 1992-09-18 1994-03-19 Mark W. West Method of forming a concrete deck by the use of a flexible formwork

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WO2015173775A1 (en) 2015-11-19
BE1021913B1 (nl) 2016-01-26

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