EP3133238B1 - Systeme de construction de tunnels - Google Patents

Systeme de construction de tunnels Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3133238B1
EP3133238B1 EP16163987.7A EP16163987A EP3133238B1 EP 3133238 B1 EP3133238 B1 EP 3133238B1 EP 16163987 A EP16163987 A EP 16163987A EP 3133238 B1 EP3133238 B1 EP 3133238B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
drilling
milling
tunnel
rollers
milling rollers
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP16163987.7A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP3133238A1 (fr
Inventor
Anton Zehnder
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Zehmei AG
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Zehmei AG
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Publication of EP3133238A1 publication Critical patent/EP3133238A1/fr
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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D9/00—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries
    • E21D9/005—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries by forcing prefabricated elements through the ground, e.g. by pushing lining from an access pit
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D9/00—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries
    • E21D9/06—Making by using a driving shield, i.e. advanced by pushing means bearing against the already placed lining
    • E21D9/08—Making by using a driving shield, i.e. advanced by pushing means bearing against the already placed lining with additional boring or cutting means other than the conventional cutting edge of the shield

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a tunneling system with a milling machine for trenchless construction of a tunnel through the ground.
  • a system for building a tunnel by pulling in several tunnel elements one behind the other is a milling machine for trenchless construction of a tunnel through the ground.
  • a tunneling system for trenchless construction of a tunnel is in CH708408 disclosed.
  • There a method and a device for pulling in tunnel elements by means of threaded tension rods are described, which run outside the tunnel elements in bores from a starting portal through the ground to a destination portal.
  • a jacking part and tunnel elements are pulled into the ground using press cylinders at the start portal.
  • Milling machines for tunnel construction are known.
  • a machine for excavating soil when driving tunnels with several scraper rollers is disclosed. These are arranged offset one above the other in that the axes of rotation of one scraper drum are in a first front plane and the axes of rotation of further scraper drums are in a second rear plane.
  • the scraper rollers can be rotated in both directions and moved horizontally forwards and backwards.
  • DE 1 205 576 discloses a tunneling system with rollers for excavating soil which are arranged vertically offset from one another. In addition, the rollers can be moved horizontally forwards and backwards.
  • a system for trenchless construction of a tunnel by pulling in several tunnel elements, in particular rectangular reinforced concrete pipes is disclosed.
  • the tunneling system has a start portal and a destination portal, which are connected to tie rods, in particular threaded tie rods, which are arranged in bores through the ground.
  • the bores run through the ground outside the cross-sectional area of the tunnel elements to be pulled in.
  • Several press cylinders or electric motors with screw drives are arranged on the side of the start portal and are in operative connection with the destination portal via the clamping elements.
  • the tunnel elements are pulled into the ground by means of the press cylinder or electric motors with screw drives.
  • the target portal can be used as an anchor when building the tunnel.
  • a milling machine preferably a full-cut milling machine, is arranged on the system in operative connection with the first tunnel element in the advance direction of the system.
  • the milling machine as a whole has several individually controllable drilling milling drums, all of which are arranged in a plane at the front end of the first tunnel element.
  • Several drilling milling drums are arranged one above the other, in that the shafts of the rollers run vertically one above the other and parallel to one another.
  • Each of the drilling milling drums has a drive assigned to it.
  • the milling machine has a modular structure in that each of the drilling milling drums arranged one above the other has at least three coaxially and next to one another have arranged roller parts that can be individually removed and installed. Each of the roller parts forms a roller for itself.
  • the milling machine has a modular structure in that each of the boring milling drums arranged one above the other has at least three coaxially arranged roller parts that can be individually removed and installed, and a drive box or an empty box is arranged between the individual roller parts of each of the boring milling drums arranged one above the other and the drilling milling drums are each laterally horizontally oscillating in the direction of their shafts, wherein the drilling milling drums for removing soil can be moved laterally in a horizontally oscillating manner at least in the area of the drive box and empty box.
  • the tunnel elements consist, for example, of a reinforced concrete pipe, for example in a square shape.
  • each boring milling drum consists of several individual drum parts arranged next to one another, the milling machine as such has a modular structure, with each individual drum part representing a module.
  • a modular structure of this type enables the individual modules to be set up and, in particular, also expanded by two people using a lifting crane or the like. This allows, for example, the removal of a single boring milling drum in the event that an obstacle such as a boulder is in the ground. After removing the roller, the obstacle can be removed manually and the roller can then be reinserted to continue working in full milling mode.
  • the roller parts are each made up of two half-shells without a continuous drive shaft. This further facilitates the removal and installation of a roller.
  • the drives for the drilling milling drums are each arranged between two of the drum parts in a drive box. So in the area of the drives none can Milling function are carried out. In order to achieve milling over as large an area as possible, in particular also in the area of the drives and thus a full-cut milling function, in one embodiment of the invention the individual drilling milling drums can be moved laterally in the direction of their shafts, horizontally oscillating. This means that the soil can also be removed in the area of the drives and thus over the entire width of the milling machine and the tunneling system.
  • the laterally oscillating mobility is realized by means of a drive, a thread and a guide, which are designed to move all the drilling milling drums arranged one above the other as a whole over at least the area of a drive of the drilling milling drums laterally horizontally.
  • the plurality of drilling milling drums arranged one above the other can each be driven individually at a respective individual speed. This enables an individual adjustment of the speed of each individual roller according to the nature and density of the soil in the area of each roller.
  • the modular design enables any necessary expansion of a single roller to remove boulders, after which the roller in question is reinstalled and the full cut function can be continued. After such interruptions have ended, the individual drive of the individual drilling milling drums, together with the oscillating horizontal mobility of the drums, enables an especially continuous full-cut milling function, which can be carried out continuously by a single operator, even with irregular soil, by keeping the drives of the individual drums visually and audibly be regulated.
  • the drilling and milling drums and their drives are designed in such a way that the drilling and milling drums can be rotated downwards, in that the roller can be rotated downwards on its outermost surface facing the soil and the milled soil is rotatable downwards and then downwards is transported to the rear of the roller. This direction of rotation is particularly advantageous when the ground is hard and tight.
  • the drilling and milling drums and their drives are designed in such a way that the drilling and milling drums can be rotated upwards, in that the roller can be rotated upwards on its outermost surface facing the soil and the milled soil upwards and then backwards to the rear the roller is transported.
  • This direction of rotation is particularly advantageous when the soil is loose and soft.
  • This direction of rotation has multiple advantages.
  • most of the milled soil falls into the interior of the tunneling system, i.e. the material is moved up on the outer side of each roller and then backwards and then falls to the ground on the inner side of the respective roller. This means that no or very little material falls on the outer side of the milling cutter.
  • the removal of the milled material is therefore much easier.
  • mining material is prevented from sliding down.
  • the upward movement of the milled earth material creates an upward pressure, so that the material above the drilling milling drums, which forms the material of the cover, is compacted.
  • the tunnel construction with the system according to the invention results in fewer subsidence of the material of the covering. Should subsidence nevertheless arise, such subsidence would be discovered quickly and even while the tunnel was being built, because the thickness of the cover of the tunnel being constructed is relatively small. These subsidence can then be corrected while the tunnel is being built.
  • known tunneling systems on the other hand, a relatively large covering of the tunnel is necessary, and subsidence can only be recognized much later. These then have to be remedied by opening a new construction site, which causes additional work and a possible interruption of traffic through the tunnel.
  • the individual drilling and milling drums each have round chisels that are oriented at an angle to the radial line of the roll, so that they are directed upwards on their outermost surface facing the ground.
  • the drives for the drilling milling drums and drives for the horizontal movement of the drums are implemented by electric motors. These enable the rollers to be driven, the sensitivity of which is equal to that of a hydraulic motor.
  • the use of electric motors also has the significant advantage that contamination of the soil by leaking oil is completely prevented and risks of contamination are excluded and there is no effort to remedy the contamination.
  • a conveyor belt system is arranged in the interior of the tunnel construction system for transporting away the milled soil.
  • this conveyor belt system consists of several belts running in parallel.
  • the gaps between the individual belts are covered by a T-profile to prevent the system from clogging with falling material.
  • the tunneling system comprises rolls of flat material, e.g. in the form of sheet metal that can be pulled in between the ground and tunnel elements when driving.
  • the rolls of sheet material are located on the top or bottom of the building system, or both. In this way the pull-in resistance can be minimized, as, among other things, it prevents earth material from being pushed in when the tunnel elements are drawn in.
  • the tunneling system also has a device for injecting and distributing lubricant between the flat material and the tunnel element.
  • the tunneling system has a guide roller which is non-positively mounted on the start portal above the upper ceiling wall and below the lower floor wall of the rectangular concrete pipe of the tunnel elements. This serves to avoid deviations in escape, fallen or Avoid inclines if possible.
  • the tunnel construction system has a steel structure with steel brackets running transversely to the direction in which the tunnel elements are drawn in, which is firmly anchored to a concrete floor slab made by the customer on which the start portal stands.
  • two U-profiles adjustable in height and laterally are mounted on the steel consoles. These enable corrections of lateral deviations as well as deviations in the height of the tunnel elements.
  • Fig. 1 shows a possible embodiment of the tunnel construction system T with a pull-in device for tunnel construction elements, as it appears when prefabricated tunnel elements 5 are pulled into the ground E.
  • the tunnel to be constructed as an underpass or accessible media channel under a railway line or road is located between a start portal 1 and the destination portal 2, which each have recesses for the tunnel elements 5 made of rectangular concrete pipes and for clamping elements 3. These extend from the destination portal 2 to beyond the start portal 1 and make it possible to use the destination portal 2 as counter anchoring when the tunnel elements 5 are pulled in by pull-in drives 11.
  • the start portal 1 stands on a reinforced concrete slab.
  • the clamping elements 3 are screwed to the destination portal 2 and to the start portal 1 via steel girders 4. Suitable clamping elements include Bars, e.g. Prestressing steel bars.
  • the end of a respective clamping element 5 at the start portal 1 is in operative connection with a draw-in drive 11.
  • the draw-in drive 11 each comprises a press cylinder or electric motor with a screw drive 11, which are connected to the machine unit (not shown) and can be controlled individually.
  • the electric motors with screw drives or press cylinders act so that the end of a tensioning element 3 can be passed through, with press cylinders e.g. are hydraulic and designed as a cavity cylinder.
  • the end of the tensioning element 3 can be fixedly connected to the housing of the screw drive or press cylinder by means of a detachable connection.
  • the end has a thread which can be secured on the housing of the screw drive or press cylinder by means of a screwable retaining plate.
  • the tunnel construction system T has a milling machine 8 with an electric drive as the driving part, which is fastened to the first tunnel construction element 5 by means of support elements 7 shown schematically here.
  • the milling machine 8 is in particular a full-cut milling machine and has a plurality of drilling milling drums 20 with shafts 21 arranged one above the other.
  • the earth material milled off by the milling machine 8 is conveyed by the rollers 20 to the rear into the interior of the tunneling system, where it falls down onto a conveyor belt system 50 and is conveyed by this to the outside for removal.
  • the tunneling system T also has two sheet metal rollers 6, which are attached to the first tunnel element 5 at the top and bottom and during the moving in of the Tunnel element are unrolled so that a sheet 6 'comes to lie between the soil E and the upper ceiling wall and the bottom of the rectangular concrete pipe of the tunnel element 5 and there significantly reduces the resistance of the pull-in.
  • the system has a lubricant device with lubricant channels 9.
  • Figure 2 shows a rectangular tunnel element 5 and the tensioning elements 3 laid in the ground E.
  • the sheet metal 6 'of sheet metal rolls 6 in Figure 1 is rolled over the top wall and under the bottom of the tunnel element 5 on rollers 6a.
  • a lubricant is pressed into the space between the sheet metal and the concrete pipe of the tunnel element 5 via channels 9.
  • Figures 3a and b show the lubricant device 9 in detail with a lubricant pump, lubricant supply pipes 16, vertical lubricant supply pipes 17 through the concrete ceiling or through the concrete floor and horizontal distribution channels 17 'parallel to the surface of the horizontally lying metal sheets.
  • FIGS 4a and b , 5 and 6a , b show in detail an embodiment of a milling machine 8 of the tunneling system according to the invention from different angles.
  • it has four rollers 20 arranged one above the other, the number of rollers being arbitrary. They are mounted on shafts 21 which run parallel to one another and are arranged vertically one above the other so that they cover the entire flat, vertical surface to be milled.
  • Each of the four rollers 20 has, as in FIG Figures 4a , b , and 6a , b shown, a drive associated with it with an electric motor 22-25, which can rotate the rollers 20 in both directions.
  • the gears for rotating the rollers are each housed in gear box 26. These are in Figure 4a visible for the two middle rollers 20.
  • FIG. 5 shows the rollers 20 of the milling machine 8 in a view from the front and in particular the modular structure of the rollers 20 and the gear box 26.
  • the rollers 20 each consist of three on the side arranged roller parts 20a, b, c, which are equipped with round chisels 27.
  • the arrangement of the drives and empty boxes 26 ' is in connection with Figures 6a , b explained in more detail.
  • FIG. 5 also shows the housing 28 of the milling machine, the housing 28 being shown cut out in the area of the milling, in order to show the milling as a whole.
  • the milling machine 8 is fastened to the housing 28 of the driving part, the fastening being realized by means of the drive boxes 26 and empty boxes 26 'and to the boxes 26, 26' and the support elements 7.
  • the support elements 7 are screwed to the lateral housing wall 28 by screw connections 7a and the housing wall 28 is in turn made in the side wall of the rectangular concrete pipe of the tunnel element 5 Figure 1 anchored, which is drawn into the ground with the tunneling system.
  • the shafts 21 are each also attached to the side wall of the housing 28.
  • the electric motors for the drives 22 and 25 for the top and bottom rollers 20 are each arranged at an angle for reasons of space, as in FIG Figure 4a and 6a , b shown. Due to the inclined arrangement of the lowest and uppermost motors 22 and 25, the electric motors 23 and 24 of the drives for the two middle rollers 20 are arranged laterally offset relative to the motors 22 and 25, as in FIG Figures 6a , b shown.
  • Figure 6a shows the oblique arrangement of the motors 22 for the top and bottom rollers 20 and their gear boxes 26. Empty boxes 26 ′ are arranged between the roller parts 20 a and b of the two middle rollers 20 in the vertical between these two motors 22 and 25. The gear box 26 and empty box 23 'in a vertical line are each connected to one another.
  • Figure 6b shows the motors 23 and 24 for the two middle rollers 20, which are arranged between the roller parts 20c and b.
  • Figure 6b also shows the connection of the gear box 26 and the empty box 26 'with the support elements 7, which, as mentioned, are connected to the housing wall and the concrete wall of the tunnel element.
  • the support elements 7 also serve as a guide for the laterally horizontal oscillating movement of all drilling milling drums 20 as a whole.
  • a drive with motor 30 and thread 31 is connected to the upper support element 7.
  • FIGS. 4a , b , and 6a , b also show the chassis 40 of the drive part with milling machine. This comprises support elements 41 and 42, the support elements 42 being connected to the housing wall 28.
  • the round chisels 27 of the rollers 20 are directed upwards, ie they are oriented at an angle from the radial line of the rollers so that they are directed upwards on the outer side facing the ground.
  • These rollers are oriented to rotate upwards, ie upwards on the outer side of the roller. This pushes the milled material upwards, compacting the soil above the tunneling system. This leads to the advantages as described above.
  • the material is pushed upwards and then backwards into the interior of the machine, where it falls down and from there is transported by the conveyor belt system 50 to the outside to the start portal, as in FIG Figure 1 shown.
  • the milled material from each roller is moved downwards and onto theirs
  • the bottom is conveyed to the rear, where it falls on the inner side of the roller down onto the conveyor belts and is conveyed from there to the start portal.
  • the tunnel construction system has a conveyor belt system 50 for the removal of the milled off material, which is arranged in the lower region of the driving part, as in FIG Figures 4a , b and 6a , b shown.
  • the plant 50 as in Figure 7 shown in detail, has three longitudinally and parallel arranged horizontal conveyor belts 51, 52, which convey material to the rear. Material from the two outer belts 51 is transported laterally towards the center onto the centrally arranged conveyor belt 52 by means of two further conveyor belts 53, the conveyor belts 53 being perpendicular to the conveyor belts 51 and 52.
  • the conveyor belt system 50 is operated by an electric motor 54.
  • the milling machine 8 has deflector plates 55 which are arranged at the level of the lateral ends of the rollers 20 and serve to direct falling material onto the lateral conveyor belts 51 and to prevent material from falling outside the belts.
  • T-profiles 56 are arranged between the outer conveyor belts 51 and the central conveyor belt 52, as in FIG Figures 8a and b shown, which prevent the milling material from falling between the individual longitudinal conveyor belts 51, 52, in particular when the material is being transported laterally from the outer conveyor belts 52 onto the central conveyor belt 51, and preventing the system from clogging.
  • One side 56 'of the T-profile is arranged below the movable belt 51' of the outer conveyor belt 51 while the other side 56 "of the T-profile is arranged above the movable belt 52 'of the central conveyor belt 52.
  • the T-profile 56 is firmly mounted so that it does not move with the movable belts 51 'and 52'.
  • the sheet metal rollers 6 are shown, of which a sheet metal 6' each over a roller 6a between the concrete ceiling or the concrete floor of the square tunnel element and is drawn into the ground.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Excavating Of Shafts Or Tunnels (AREA)

Claims (10)

  1. Système (T) pour la construction sans tranchée d'un tunnel au moyen de l'insertion tractée de plusieurs éléments de tunnel (5) situés à la suite des uns des autres, présentant un portail de départ (1) et un portail d'arrivée (2), reliés par des éléments tendeurs (3) qui sont disposés dans des forages, lesquels forages passent à travers le sol (E) en dehors de la zone de section des éléments de tunnel (5) à insérer,
    présentant en outre plusieurs cylindres presseurs ou moteurs électriques à engrenage à vis sans fin (11), qui sont disposés du côté du portail de départ (1) et qui sont en liaison active avec le portail d'arrivée (2) par l'intermédiaire des éléments tendeurs (3), les éléments de tunnel (5) étant tractés dans le sol (E) au moyen des cylindres presseurs ou des moteurs électriques à engrenage à vis sans fin (11),
    caractérisé en ce qu'une fraise (8) en liaison active avec le premier des éléments de tunnel (5) est disposée sur celui-ci,
    la fraise (8) présentant plusieurs cylindres de fraise (20) pouvant être actionnés individuellement et plusieurs entraînements (22-25) associés chacun à l'un des cylindres de fraise (20),
    les plusieurs cylindres de fraise (20) étant disposés les uns au-dessus des autres par le fait que les arbres (21) des cylindres (20) sont situés les uns au-dessus des autres et parallèles les uns aux autres dans le sens vertical,
    et la fraise (8) ayant une structure modulaire en cela que chacun des cylindres de fraise (20) disposés les uns au-dessus des autres présente au moins trois parties de cylindre (20a,b,c) coaxiales qui peuvent être démontées et montées séparément et un coffre d'entraînement (26) ou un coffre vide (26') est disposé entre les différentes parties de cylindre (20a,b,c) de chacun des cylindres de fraise (20) disposés les uns au-dessus des autres,
    et les cylindres de fraise (20) pouvant être déplacés chacun latéralement à l'horizontale dans le sens de son axe de façon oscillante,
    les cylindres de fraise (20) étant mobiles latéralement à l'horizontale de façon oscillante au moins au niveau des coffres d'entraînement pour enlever la terre.
  2. Système selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que chacune des parties de cylindre (20a,b,c) se compose de deux demi-coques.
  3. Système selon la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce que la mobilité en oscillations latérales est réalisée au moyen d'un entraînement (30), d'un filetage (31) et d'un guide (7) qui sont conçus pour déplacer tous les cylindres de fraise (20) ensemble latéralement à l'horizontale au moins dans la zone d'un entraînement (22- 25) des cylindres de fraise (20) ou du coffre vide.
  4. Système selon l'une des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé en ce que les cylindres de fraise (20) disposés les uns au-dessus des autres peuvent tourner chacun à une vitesse de rotation individuelle.
  5. Système selon l'une des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisé en ce que les cylindres de fraise (20) peuvent tourner dans les deux sens.
  6. Système selon la revendication 5, caractérisé en ce que les cylindres de fraise (20) peuvent tourner dans un sens vers le haut et présentent des couteaux ronds (27) qui sont orientés selon un angle par rapport au sens radial des cylindres de fraise (20).
  7. Système selon l'une des revendications 1 à 6, caractérisé en ce que les entraînements (22-25) comprennent un moteur électrique.
  8. Système selon l'une des revendications 1 à 7, caractérisé en ce que le système de construction de tunnel (T) comprend une installation de convoyeurs à bande (50) munie de plusieurs convoyeurs à bandes (51, 52) circulant parallèlement et d'un entraînement (54).
  9. Système selon la revendication 8, caractérisé en ce que l'installation de convoyeurs à bande (50) comprend au moins un convoyeur à bande (53) perpendiculaire aux convoyeurs à bande (51, 52) parallèles pour le transport latéral de matière vers un convoyeur à bande (52) disposé au milieu.
  10. Système selon la revendication 9, caractérisé en ce qu'un profilé en T (56) est disposé entre chaque paire de convoyeurs à bande (51, 52).
EP16163987.7A 2015-08-20 2016-04-06 Systeme de construction de tunnels Active EP3133238B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CH11982015 2015-08-20

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EP3133238A1 EP3133238A1 (fr) 2017-02-22
EP3133238B1 true EP3133238B1 (fr) 2020-10-07

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Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1205576B (de) * 1963-03-30 1965-11-25 Wayss & Freytag Ag Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum mechanischen Abbau der Ortsbrust bei in Schildbauweiseoder im Rohrdurchpressverfahren aufzufahrenden Tunneln oder Stollen
DE1534632B1 (de) 1966-08-09 1970-01-29 Holzmann Philipp Ag Einrichtung zum Abbauen von Boden beim Vortrieb von Tunneln,Stollen,Graeben od.dgl.
CH708408B1 (de) 2014-05-28 2015-02-13 Anton Zehnder Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Bau eines Tunnels.

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
None *

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