Classifications

• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
  • B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
  • B21D35/00—Combined processes according to or processes combined with methods covered by groups B21D1/00 - B21D31/00
  • B21D35/002—Processes combined with methods covered by groups B21D1/00 - B21D31/00
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
  • B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
  • B21D22/00—Shaping without cutting, by stamping, spinning, or deep-drawing
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
  • B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
  • B21D7/00—Bending rods, profiles, or tubes
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
  • B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
  • B21D9/00—Bending tubes using mandrels or the like
  • B21D9/01—Bending tubes using mandrels or the like the mandrel being flexible and engaging the entire tube length
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
  • B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
  • B21D26/00—Shaping without cutting otherwise than using rigid devices or tools or yieldable or resilient pads, i.e. applying fluid pressure or magnetic forces
  • B21D26/02—Shaping without cutting otherwise than using rigid devices or tools or yieldable or resilient pads, i.e. applying fluid pressure or magnetic forces by applying fluid pressure
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
  • B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
  • B21D28/00—Shaping by press-cutting; Perforating
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
  • B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
  • B21D31/00—Other methods for working sheet metal, metal tubes, metal profiles
  • B21D31/005—Incremental shaping or bending, e.g. stepwise moving a shaping tool along the surface of the workpiece
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
  • B23K1/00—Soldering, e.g. brazing, or unsoldering

Definitions

• the invention relates to a method for individualized adaptation of the shape of components. Between the individual production of different components and the series or mass production of identical components have always been large differences in terms of the required equipment, the number of manufacturable variants and the associated (unit) costs.
• the invention has the object, the above-mentioned and previously detailed method to design and
• the method according to the invention serves for the individualized adaptation of the shape of components and comprises the following steps: a) providing a base material for the production of the components, b) selecting at least one unifying element
• the unifying manufacturing process differs from that
• Step a) serves the purpose of a suitable base material for the production of
• step b) at least one suitable compound
• a "unifying" manufacturing process is selected with which in step c) components with geometrically identical basic shape are produced
• unifying manufacturing process is understood to mean a production process that is particularly suitable for producing components with an identical, uniform shape.
• the particular suitability may be, for example, rigid, not Such methods are therefore particularly suitable for series or mass production of identically designed components, following which at least one "individualizing" step is performed in step d).
• Manufacturing method selected, with which finally in step e) the shape of the components is adapted to at least two different end shapes is understood to mean a production process that is particularly suitable for producing components with different final shapes.
• the particular suitability can result, for example, from the fact that the tool used can process and produce a multiplicity of different component shapes due to its shape and / or mobility ("(end)) open-geometry tool.”
• Such methods are therefore particularly suitable for individual individual production of
• the method according to the invention therefore represents a combination
• Components are the second, individualizing manufacturing step particularly simple and therefore cost-effective.
• An example of such components are node elements for connecting pipes for structures such as scaffolding or bridges.
• Another possible application of the method is in the context of platform strategies in the automotive industry.
• the method can be used for the ergonomic adaptation of products to body contours (eg seat shells or furniture).
• the process can serve the fulfillment of design wishes.
• the base material for producing the components is sheet metal, in particular sheet steel or aluminum sheet. Sheets are particularly easy to reshape and thus enable a variable shaping of the components to be produced.
• a further embodiment of the method provides that in step b) and c) at least two different, unifying manufacturing methods are selected and used. Alternatively or additionally, it may be provided that in step d) and e) at least two different, individualizing manufacturing processes are selected and used. By using several unifying manufacturing processes, it is also possible to achieve particularly complex component geometries. For example, a unified manufacturing process chain may include the steps of deep drawing and trimming. Due to the flexibility of
• Manufacturing process chain may include, for example, the steps bending and 3D trimming.
• the components are node elements of a support structure, wherein the node elements have at least two attachment points.
• Junction elements of a support structure can be classified into certain types (e.g., "corner piece”, “tee”, etc.) and differ only slightly within a type. The geometric deviation can
• connection points are used to connect pipes or rods, they are therefore preferably round.
• connection points can have a defined profile geometry.
• the profile geometry is preferably produced by the at least one individualizing production method.
• Profile ends can be connected to the node components, so that
• step e) the shape and / or orientation of at least one attachment point of the node elements is adjusted.
• the shape of the connection points pipes or rods of different shape and size can be connected to the node elements.
• a change in the orientation of the connection points causes an influence on the direction of the pipes or rods connected to this connection point, which allows a variable construction of the structure.
• the shape and / or orientation of at least two or from all attachment sites is adjusted.
• Another teaching of the invention provides that as unifying
• Manufacturing process punching, pressing or hydroforming can be used. These manufacturing processes have a particular suitability for serial or mass production. Although they require quite high investment costs for the production of geometry-related tools (eg stamping or compression molding), but allow an inexpensive production of identically shaped components in very large quantities. According to a further embodiment of the invention, it is proposed that a geometry-open forming method is used as an individualizing production method. Particularly suitable are profile bending, in particular profile bending with a mandrel, incremental forming and forming with elastic die. These types of forming processes are particularly suitable for
• the suitability lies in particular in the use of movable or flexible or elastic tools.
• the profile bending with a mandrel or with other free-form bending devices can be used particularly advantageously for the production of hollow components, since the movable mandrel can be inserted into the hollow profile and the component can bend or deform from the inside.
• Methods for the plastic deformation of components on a mandrel are known as such from DE 10 2009 025 985 A1 or DD 296 865 A5, for example.
• Incremental reshaping can be used particularly advantageously for processing or reshaping sheet-like components, such as metal sheets, since there a good accessibility of the
• the tool with the greater hardness e.g., a metal punch
• the workpiece to be machined in the elastically yielding tool with the lower hardness for example, a "bed" of a
• the softer tool deforms and adapts to the shape of the harder tool, so that the compressed between the two tools workpiece also largely the shape of the harder tool adapts.
• the forming with elastic die can be used particularly advantageous for machining or forming of sheet-like components such as sheets, since there is a good accessibility of the component surface is ensured for the two tools.
• Manufacturing process in particular hardfacing as individualizing
• Hardfacing methods are known as such from EP 0 496 181 A1 or WO 2004/065052 A1, for example.
• steps c) and e) are carried out together in the same system.
• Step c) relates to the at least one unifying production process
• step e) relates to the at least one individualizing production process.
• FIG. 2 shows a second embodiment of a method according to the invention in FIG.
• FIGS. 3a-3c show different steps of producing a node element of a support structure by a method according to the invention.
• Fig. 1 is a first embodiment of a method according to the invention in
• step a) a base material for the production of components is provided.
• This base material may be sheets, in particular steel sheets or aluminum sheets.
• step b) concerns the selection of a standard manufacturing process, ie one
• step c) Manufacturing process that produces components with an identical, uniform shape.
• step c) the components are machined with the previously selected unified manufacturing process.
• Manufacturing process from steps b) and c) are, for example, punching, pressing or hydroforming.
• the result of method steps a) to c) are components with an identical, uniform shape, which - since it does not yet correspond to the final shape - is also referred to as "basic shape".
• step d an individualizing production method is selected in step d), that is to say a production method which produces components with different end shapes.
• step e) finally concerns the
• the individualizing production process from steps d) and e) involves shaping processes such as profile bending, in particular profile bending with a mandrel, incremental reshaping or reshaping with elastic matrix.
• the individualizing production process from steps d) and e) may be an additive Manufacturing process, in particular order deposition, for example laser deposition welding act.
• the result of method steps d) and e) are components with different final shapes. In the embodiment of the method shown in Fig. 1 is only one
• Fig. 2 shows a second embodiment of a method according to the invention in a schematic representation.
• the steps of the method already described in connection with FIG. 1 are provided in FIG. 2 with corresponding reference numerals.
• the method steps a) to c) correspond to the first embodiment of the method illustrated in FIG. 1, so that components of identical, uniform (basic) shape are first also obtained this time.
• the further steps of the second embodiment of the method shown in FIG. 2 differ from the first embodiment of the method illustrated in FIG.
• the first difference is that in step d ') not just one, but two different individualizing
• Process steps d '), e') and e ") are components with different end shapes: Individual, different end shapes of the components are achieved with each of the production methods selected in step d ') be in steps e ') and e ") produced by each of the individualizing manufacturing processes components with two different end shapes, so that a total of four different final shapes are achieved.
• each of the individualizing manufacturing processes may also include three or more
• Node element 7 of a support structure represented by a method according to the invention.
• a base material 1 is shown, which is a cut or punched sheet.
• the base material 1 is T-shaped and thus has three ends 2, 3, 4.
• Two ends 2, 3 are arranged opposite one another and lie on a common longitudinal axis 5.
• the third end 4 lies on a transverse axis 6 standing at right angles to the longitudinal axis 5.
• the base material 1 from FIG. 3 a is formed by a pressing or deep-drawing process, so that a - not shown in Fig. 3a - half shell is formed.
• Several of these half-shells are then removed by a joining operation, e.g. a welding process, interconnected.
• the joining together of the half-shells results in a node element 7 of a supporting structure, which is shown by way of example in FIG. 3b.
• a joining operation e.g. a welding process
• junction element 7 has three connection points 9, which in this case are round openings for the connection of pipes (not shown).
• Tying points 9 have arisen in the region of the ends 2, 3, 4 and make it possible for several pipes to be joined together by the node elements 7 to form a supporting structure, for example a scaffolding. Up to that in Fig. 3b
• the node elements 7 are processed by an individualizing production method.
• the hollow shape of the node elements 7 shown in FIG. 3b and FIG. 3c in particular profile bending with a link mandrel is appropriate.
• a mandrel (not shown in FIGS. 3b and 3c) is introduced into the two attachment points 9 located on the longitudinal axis 5 and bent downwards, wherein a plastic deformation of the node element 7 in the region of the two opposite ends 2, 3 of the node element 7 takes place.
• connection points 9 lie on a longitudinal axis 5 ', which is inclined relative to the original longitudinal axis 5 by an angle ⁇ .
• the angle ⁇ is identical on both sides; Alternatively, different inclination angle ⁇ can be set.
• the angle ⁇ is preferably in the range between 5 ° and 25 °.
• the node element 7 has not been deformed, so that the upper attachment point 9 is furthermore arranged on the transverse axis 6.
• the rigidity of the node elements 7 can be reduced after carrying out the method
• End shapes can result, for example, due to an individual adjustment of different angles of inclination ⁇ .
• the inventive idea is not limited to node elements 7 of a support structure, but can be transferred to the production of other components. LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• Shaping Metal By Deep-Drawing, Or The Like (AREA)
• Laser Beam Processing (AREA)
• Bending Of Plates, Rods, And Pipes (AREA)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Publications (1)

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Family Applications (1)

Country Status (6)

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Family Cites Families (44)

• 2014
  • 2014-03-06 DE DE102014102974.7A patent/DE102014102974A1/de not_active Withdrawn
• 2015
  • 2015-03-04 EP EP15708192.8A patent/EP3113893A1/de not_active Withdrawn
  • 2015-03-04 JP JP2016555292A patent/JP6577955B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 2015-03-04 US US15/124,028 patent/US10493513B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 2015-03-04 WO PCT/EP2015/054510 patent/WO2015132300A1/de active Application Filing
  • 2015-03-04 CN CN201580012213.9A patent/CN106102949A/zh active Pending

Non-Patent Citations (2)

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