EP3112542A1 - Device and method for heat decoupling of concreted parts of buildings - Google Patents

Abstract

In a load-bearing, made of concrete vertical part of the building, in particular a support, with an upper support surface for load-bearing connection to a horizontal building part, in particular a floor slab, to be created from concrete, in which the vertical part of the building has a reinforcement with one or more in the Substantially vertically beyond the upper support surface extending reinforcing bars, the invention provides that an upper area adjacent to the upper surface of the vertical part of the building is designed as a thermal insulation element for heat dissipation between the vertical part of the building and the horizontal building part to create about that the thermal insulation element forming upper Area consists at least partially of a pressure-transmitting and heat-insulating material, in particular lightweight concrete, and that extending beyond the upper support surface addition reinforcing rods from e consist inem fiber composite material and extend through the thermal insulation element forming upper portion of the vertical building part substantially vertically to an underlying lower portion of the vertical part of the building, in which this is made of reinforced concrete.

Description

The present invention relates to a load-bearing, made of concrete vertical building part, in particular a support, with a first support surface for load-bearing connection to a above or below concrete from horizontal building part, in particular a floor slab or floor slab and a method for creating such part of the building. In addition, the invention relates to a thermal insulation element for heat decoupling between concrete, bearing building parts, preferably between a vertical part of the building, in particular a support, and an overlying or underlying, horizontal building part, in particular a floor slab or floor slab.

In building construction, load-bearing parts of buildings are often made of reinforced concrete structures. For energy reasons, such building parts are usually provided with an externally mounted thermal insulation. In particular, the floor slab between basement, such as basement or underground car park, and ground floor is often equipped on the basement side with a heat insulation applied to the ceiling. This results in the difficulty that the load-bearing parts of the building, on which the building rests, such as columns and outer walls, in load-bearing manner with the overlying building parts, in particular the floor ceiling must be connected. This is usually achieved by connecting the floor slab monolithically to the supporting pillars and outer walls with continuous reinforcement. However, this creates thermal bridges, which can be eliminated only badly by a later externally mounted thermal insulation. In underground garages, for example, often the upper, facing the floor ceiling section of the load-bearing concrete columns are also covered with a thermal insulation. This is not only complex and visually unappealing, but also leads to unsatisfactory building physics results and also reduces the parking space available in the underground car park.

From the Scriptures DE 101 06 222 is a brick-shaped wall element for heat decoupling between wall parts and floor or ceiling parts described. The thermal insulation element has a pressure-resistant support structure with arranged in the interstices insulating elements. The support structure may for example consist of a lightweight concrete. Such a thermal insulation element is used for thermal insulation masonry exterior walls, for example, it is used as a conventional brick as the first stone layer of the supporting outer wall above the basement ceiling.

From the Scriptures EP 2 405 065 is a pressure-transmitting and insulating connection element known, which is used for the vertical load-bearing connection of building sections to be created from concrete. It consists of an insulating body with one or more printing elements embedded therein. By the pressure elements transverse shear reinforcement elements extending for connection to the building concrete parts to be created extend substantially vertically beyond the top and bottom of the insulating body. The insulating body can be made of foam glass or expanded polystyrene rigid foam and the pressure elements made of concrete, fiber concrete or fiber plastic, for example.

The approach propagated here for the vertical heat decoupling of building sections to be made of concrete thus consists in reducing the bearing surface between the building parts in order to reduce heat transfer. If, however, an introduction of force into plate structures, such as a floor slab, is concentrated on a reduced area, the risk of the board being able to break through at a force introduction point, the so-called punching through, is increased.

On a concrete floor slab, it may also come through the resting on her load to slight subsidence and / or elastic deformation. This leads to a force redistribution at the support points at which the floor slab is supported by the underlying vertical building parts. Such a bearing rotation can lead to an overload of the pressure element. If a plurality of printing elements are used in a single support and fails one of them and breaks, then distributed the surcharge on the adjacent printing elements, which would then also overloaded. This can lead to a chain reaction with fatal consequences for the statics of the building.

It is therefore an object of the invention to provide a load-bearing vertical building part made of concrete, in particular a support, with a first bearing surface for load-bearing connection to a horizontal building part, in particular a floor slab, above or below concrete, and a corresponding method for To provide such a building part, which on the one hand reduces the heat transfer between the building parts, on the other hand reduces the risk of local overloading at the support points.

Another object of the invention is to provide a thermal insulation element for heat dissipation between building concrete parts to be created, preferably between a vertical part of the building, in particular a support, and an overlying or underlying, horizontal building part, in particular a floor slab, in which the Risk of local overload at the support points is reduced.

The object is achieved with respect to the thermal insulation element by the features of claim 1, with respect to the building part by the features of claim 9 and with respect to the method by the features of claim 10. Advantageous embodiments are given in the dependent claims.

In a load-bearing, made of concrete vertical part of the building, in particular a support, with a first support surface for load-bearing connection to a above or below concrete to be created, horizontal building part, in particular a floor ceiling in which the vertical part of the building has a reinforcement with one or more According to the invention, a region of the vertical part of the building adjoining the first support surface as a heat-insulating element for heat decoupling between the vertical part of the building and the horizontal or horizontal part to be created above or below it is achieved substantially vertically beyond the first support surface extending rod-shaped reinforcing means, in particular reinforcing bars Is formed part of the building, that the heat-insulating element forming region at least partially from a pressure-transmitting and heat-insulating material, in particular lightweight concrete exists, and that the extending beyond the upper support surface reinforcing bars consist of a fiber composite material and by the thermal insulation element forming the first region of the vertical Part of the building extend substantially vertically to a subsequent second area of the vertical part of the building, in which this is created from reinforced normal concrete.

The thermal insulation element thus consists at least partially of a pressure-transmitting and heat-insulating material such as lightweight concrete. Made of lightweight concrete can be produced high pressure resistant mold elements with low specific thermal conductivity. Depending on the static requirement, such a lightweight concrete part may additionally comprise hollow chambers or enclosed insulating bodies. The height of the heat-insulating element preferably corresponds approximately to the thickness of a typical thermal barrier coating, that is to say approximately 5 to 20 cm, preferably 10 to 15 cm.

According to the applicable regulations, lightweight concrete is defined as a concrete with a dry bulk density of a maximum of 2000 kg / m ³ . The low density compared to normal concrete is achieved by appropriate manufacturing process and different lightweight concrete grain sizes, preferably grains with grain porosity such as expanded clay. Lightweight concrete has, depending on the composition, a thermal conductivity between 0.2 and 1.6 W / (m · K).

By using a solid or in hollow block construction heat insulation element made of lightweight concrete with the same or less heat loss a much larger contact surface available, as would be the case with the use of high pressure resistant printing elements. Due to the larger load transfer the risk is avoided in contrast to the known printing elements that settlements or elastic deformations on the overlying part of the building or minor vulnerabilities in the connection to the underlying building part, for example due to cavitation or sedimentation, to a local overload and thus a Failure of the thermal insulation element lead.

The improved and safer connection of the building sections made of concrete is achieved above all by the fact that with the same strength class the modulus of elasticity of lightweight concrete is only about 30 to 70% of the values of normal concrete. Therefore, the elastic deformations at the same stress (stress) on average 1.5 to 3 times as large. For this reason, the thermal insulation element of lightweight concrete simultaneously acts as a stress-damping element and is able to compensate for smaller settlements and elastic deformations of the overlying building part and ensure a more even distribution and force of eccentric contact forces on or in the underlying building part.

The significantly lower modulus of elasticity of the lightweight concrete used has a particularly favorable effect on load eccentricities and bearing misalignments, which result in increased edge pressures. The thermal insulation element acts as a kind of "centering element" due to its elastic properties. In contrast, the compression under centric loading is of minor importance.

The typical modulus of elasticity of normal concrete, as used for a column, is about E _cm ≈30,000 to 40,000 N / mm ² . The modulus of elasticity of the lightweight concrete preferred in the invention is on the other hand between about 9,000 and 22,000 N / mm ² , preferably between 12,000 and 16,000 N / mm ² , most preferably about 14,000 N / mm ² .

Whereas in conventional vertically arranged reinforced concrete components with a reinforcement content of 3-4%, the steel reinforcement contributes about half to the overall thermal conductivity of the building part, the heat transfer is reduced by about 90% by the inventive combination of lightweight concrete with a reinforcement made of a fiber composite material in the heat insulation element ,

The said upper portion of the vertical building part thus acts not only in terms of building physics as a thermal insulation element and in static terms as a load-bearing component but also as a stress-damping element to compensate for mechanical deformation. It does not matter whether the thermal insulation element as lightweight concrete precast to the site delivered there, installed in the formwork for the vertical part of the building and the latter is concreted from below against the lower contact surface of the thermal insulation element, or whether the thermal insulation element in the formwork of the vertical building part is made on site from special, lightweight in-situ concrete.

In a preferred embodiment, however, the thermal insulation element is designed as a prefabricated molded part. The invention therefore also relates to a thermal insulation element for heat decoupling between load-bearing building parts to be constructed from concrete, preferably between a vertical building part, in particular a support, and a horizontal building part above or below it, in particular a floor slab. The thermal insulation element has a base body with an upper and a lower support surface for vertical connection to the building parts. According to the invention, the base body of the heat-insulating element consists at least partially of a pressure-transmitting and heat-insulating material, in particular lightweight concrete, and has one or more rod-shaped reinforcing means penetrating the base body and extending substantially vertically beyond the upper and lower bearing surfaces, in particular reinforcing rods, from a fiber composite material on.

Lightweight concrete is easier to produce and process under factory conditions than on-site, allowing prefabricated thermal insulation elements to reach higher compressive strength levels than in-situ concrete.

In a preferred embodiment of such a prefabricated thermal insulation element, the reinforcing rods are inserted in sleeves which are embedded in the pressure-transmitting material. The sleeves serve as lost formwork for subsequent insertion of the reinforcing bars. Reinforcing bars made of fiber composite material can transmit very high tensile forces, but in contrast to this, significantly lower pressure forces can lead to the destruction of such reinforcing bars. Through the use of sleeves, a positive embedding of the reinforcing bars in the surrounding concrete, which is normally intended and almost indispensable for concrete reinforcements, is avoided. If it comes to a compressive force load, for example, by subsidence in the building, so can the reinforcing bars deform elastically in their sleeves until the compressive forces are completely removed by the surrounding pressure-resistant lightweight lightweight concrete insulating body, so that a harmful pressure force load on the reinforcing bars is avoided.

The reinforcing bars in the thermal insulation element are expediently designed as traction reinforcement, since the connection between the support and the floor above it can be statically regarded as articulated connection. Thus, through the use of the sleeves for connection-free implementation of fiber composite reinforcement a static, stable and permanent connection or monolithic connection between support and floor ceiling is achieved with continuous reinforcement the static requirements.

In an advantageous development of the thermal insulation element, the latter has at least one passage opening extending from the upper to the lower support surface, which passage opening is designed to carry out a compacting device for fresh concrete. The passage opening thus serves as a dipping point for an internal vibrator. Preferably, the passage opening in the thermal insulation element is arranged approximately centrally.

This is based on the finding that during installation and subsequent concreting against the underside of the thermal insulation element an inadequate and undefined compaction of the in-situ concrete below the thermal insulation element can occur, which also depends strongly on the composition of the in-situ concrete used. According to the invention, two processes can lead to the underside of the thermal insulation element when setting the in-situ concrete that the load-bearing connection of the thermal insulation element to the underlying building part is deficient. On the one hand rising air bubbles, so-called compression pores, on the underside of the heat-insulating element lead to voids formation and thus provide a statically insufficient connection. An even more critical process is sedimentation in as-cast-in-situ concrete, in which heavier aggregates slowly sink and water or cement paste is separated on the concrete surface. After setting and drying of the concrete part can in this case large-scale voids remain between the thermal insulation element and the underlying concrete part, which are not visible from the outside.

To avoid this, a passage opening is provided in the thermal insulation element, through which a compacting device such as the vibrating bottle of a concrete vibrator can be passed in order to compress or recompress after the installation of the thermal insulation element the underlying concrete located underneath. By this compression or densification of the described problems can be avoided and a reliable connection of the thermal insulation element to the underlying building part can be achieved. The passage opening can also be used as a filling opening for the in-situ concrete.

Another advantage of the present invention results when the lower bearing surface of the heat-insulating element has a surface with a three-dimensional profile. By suitable profiling of the surface defects in the connection between the thermal insulation element and the underlying freshly concreted building part can be further reduced. Thus, for example, the surface may have elevations and depressions, as well as inclined surfaces, furrows, or the like, so that in the event of sedimentation, the settling surface water can run into noncritical regions or settle there, while in areas of the thermal insulation element that are critical for the static connection intimate connection to the fresh concrete of the underlying building part is created.

Particularly preferred in this context is an embodiment in which the lower bearing surface has a funnel-shaped inclined or curved surface in the direction of the passage opening. This ensures that in the event of sedimentation, the settling surface water is displaced in the direction of the passage opening or forms only in this area, which does not contribute to the static of the construction anyway.

Furthermore, it proves to be advantageous if a reinforcing bar is arranged in the interior of the pressure-transmitting heat-insulating element. Such a reinforcing bar in the form of a self-contained reinforcing ring with, for example, circular or rounded polygonal base, which is arranged in a respect to the bearing surfaces substantially parallel plane, the compressive strength of the heat-insulating element can further increase by this minimizes the transverse strain of the heat-insulating element under pressure.

In addition to the passage opening for the vibrating tool further Vergussöffnungen can be provided in the thermal insulation element, on the required case after hardening of the concrete additional potting compound, such as grout can be filled to fill any remaining voids between the underlying building part and the thermal insulation element. Preferably, the respective potting holes are closed by means of removable blind plugs, so that they can not be clogged with in situ concrete during installation of the thermal insulation element.

Furthermore, in the context of the present invention, it is preferred that a sealing plug is provided, with which the passage opening can be subsequently closed. In this case, it is further preferred that the sealing plug consists of a heat-insulating, but non-supporting material, such as extruded polystyrene. In addition, such a closure plug may be conically shaped, so that it can be sealingly inserted into the, preferably also conically downwardly tapered passage opening. Thus, it is ensured that after installation of the thermal insulation element no thermal bridge remains through the passage opening, for example, due to entering the through hole in-situ concrete when concreting the overlying floor slab.

In order to make it possible to carry out a vibrating tool, for example the vibrator bottle of a concrete vibrator, the through-opening has an opening dimension that is large enough to allow the execution of shaking bottles customary in the field, in particular of at least 50 mm, preferably between 60 and 80 mm.

In an alternative embodiment of the invention, the object can also be achieved in a thermal insulation element of the type mentioned that instead of rod-shaped reinforcing means in the body one or more of these vertically from the upper to the lower support surface penetrating sleeves are used, which are embedded as a lost formwork in the pressure-transmitting material and for subsequent use or connection-free implementation of substantially vertically beyond the upper and lower bearing surface extending beyond rod-shaped reinforcing means, in particular reinforcing bars are formed.

On the one hand, as already stated, through the use of sleeves, a positive embedding of the reinforcing rods in the surrounding concrete is avoided, so that in the case of using a fiber composite reinforcement, a harmful pressure force load on the reinforcing bars is avoided. On the other hand, such a construction has considerable advantages in the production of thermal insulation elements according to the invention. If such a thermal insulation element namely manufactured under factory conditions, it is easier to use sleeves in a formwork for the thermal insulation element, as reinforcing bars, which are to penetrate the thermal insulation element on both sides and must be sealed against the formwork. The storage is simplified considerably when prefabricated thermal insulation elements are designed without bulky reinforcing bars and the latter are inserted only at the construction site during installation of the thermal insulation element in a support or wall in the sleeves of the thermal insulation element. Such a thermal insulation element also allows the use of reinforcing bars such as stainless steel, just should be no reinforcing bars made of fiber composite at hand or those for other reasons not be desired.

The invention further relates to a method for creating a vertical building part made of concrete, in particular a support, with a first bearing surface for load-bearing connection to a above or below concrete to be created, horizontal building part, in particular a floor ceiling. In this case, a first area of the vertical part of the building is made of reinforced normal concrete. A lying between the first bearing surface and the first region of the vertical building part second portion of the vertical building part is at least partially made of a pressure-transmitting and heat-insulating material, in particular lightweight concrete, designed as a thermal insulation element for heat dissipation between the vertical part of the building and above or below to create horizontal Building part too serve. In addition, rod-shaped reinforcing elements, in particular reinforcing bars, of a fiber composite material are inserted into the second area of the vertical building part forming the thermal insulation element, which extend through the second area of the vertical building part substantially vertically as far as into the adjoining first area and beyond the first bearing area.

The thermal insulation element may be a prefabricated lightweight concrete precast element. In this case, a reinforcement and a formwork arranged around the reinforcement are created for the first area of the vertical building part. The formwork is filled with fresh normal concrete over the full height of the first part of the vertical part of the building. The second area of the vertical building part is formed by the prefabricated thermal insulation element, which is used in the formwork.

In this case, the first area can be concreted either before the onset of thermal insulation element, or the thermal insulation element can also be used before concreting the first area in the formwork.

In the first case, first the first lower section is concreted by pouring in-situ concrete into the formwork and compacting it. Then, in a second step, the thermal insulation element is inserted into the formwork. In this case, the downwardly projecting beyond the thermal insulation element reinforcing rods are pressed into the fresh in-situ concrete of the first area. Subsequently, preferably a recompression of the concrete by means of a compacting device, which is guided through a passage opening in the thermal insulation element. Preferably, the passage opening can then be closed by means of a sealing plug. Thereafter, above the thermal insulation element in a conventional manner, the overlying horizontal building part, for example, a floor ceiling created.

By re-densifying the still fresh in-situ concrete of the vertical building part after insertion of the thermal insulation element ensures that there is intimate contact with its lower contact surface and cavities are avoided due to voids formation and sedimentation between the thermal insulation element and the underlying building part.

In the second case, the thermal insulation element can also be installed before filling the formwork with in-situ concrete. In this case, a passage opening provided in the heat-insulating element can initially be used as a filling opening for filling the in-situ concrete. Subsequently, a compression of the filled concrete is carried out by the vibrating tool is introduced into the fresh in-situ concrete through the passage opening.

Alternatively, the thermal insulation element can also be created on site from in-situ concrete. For this purpose, a reinforcement and a formwork arranged around the reinforcement are first created for the first, lower area of the vertical building part. In an upper area of the formwork, which corresponds to the second area of the vertical building part, the reinforcing bars made of fiber composite material are used. The formwork is filled with fresh normal concrete up to the height of the first part of the vertical part of the building. Then the second part of the vertical part of the building is created by pouring fresh lightweight concrete into the upper part of the formwork.

The reinforcing bars in the upper area can already be inserted in the lower area of the formwork prior to filling the in-situ concrete and connected to the reinforcement of the lower area. Alternatively, however, the reinforcing bars can also be pressed into the still fresh cast-in-situ concrete only after the in-situ and compacting of the in-situ concrete into the lower formwork area. By filling the fresh lightweight concrete, it is possible to wait until the in situ concrete sets in the lower formwork area. With professional surface treatment, the lightweight concrete can also be installed in a fully hardened in-situ concrete.

As a horizontal part of the building, ie as a floor slab, in the context of the present invention, it should also be understood to mean one in which an offset is provided adjacent to the vertical part of the building, eg a support. For example, a support can be created just below a floor above. To the still left on the support formwork can then be connected to the formwork for the floor ceiling and these are created from in-situ concrete, so that a remaining slight clearance above the support within the formwork is also filled with in-situ concrete of the floor slab and forms an offset.

Fig. 1

einen Schnitt durch eine aus Beton erstellte Stütze und der darüber und darunter befindlichen Gebäudeteile,

Fig. 2

eine isometrische Ansicht eines erfindungsgemäßen Wärmedämmelements aus einem druckkraftübertragenden Werkstoff, insbesondere Leichtbeton,

Fig. 3

eine Draufsicht auf das Wärmedämmelement aus Fig. 2,

Fig. 4

einen vertikalen Schnitt durch das Wärmedämmelement entlang der Schnittlinie C-C aus Fig. 3,

Fig. 5

eine Weiterbildung des Wärmedämmelements aus Fig. 2 in einer Seitenansicht,

Fig. 6

einen Querschnitt durch die Stütze aus Figur 1,

Fig. 7

die Armierung der Stütze aus Figur 1 mit dem Wärmedämmelement vor dem Verfüllen der Schalung der Stütze mit Ortbeton,

Fig. 8

die mit einer Schalung versehene Stütze nach dem Verfüllen mit Beton,

Fig. 9

ein vergrößerter Ausschnitt aus Figur 8 und

Fig. 10

ein alternatives Ausführungsbeispiel mit im Fußbereich einer Stütze angeordnetem Wärmedämmelement.

Further features, advantages and features of the present invention will be explained below with reference to the figures and embodiments. Showing:

Fig. 1

a section through a support made of concrete and the building sections above and below,

Fig. 2

an isometric view of a thermal insulation element according to the invention from a pressure-transmitting material, in particular lightweight concrete,

Fig. 3

a plan view of the thermal insulation element Fig. 2 .

Fig. 4

a vertical section through the thermal insulation element along the section line CC Fig. 3 .

Fig. 5

a development of the thermal insulation element Fig. 2 in a side view,

Fig. 6

a cross section through the support FIG. 1 .

Fig. 7

the armouring of the support FIG. 1 with the thermal insulation element before filling the formwork of the support with in-situ concrete,

Fig. 8

the support provided with a formwork after filling with concrete,

Fig. 9

an enlarged section FIG. 8 and

Fig. 10

an alternative embodiment with arranged in the foot region of a support thermal insulation element.

At a first, in FIG. 1 As shown embodiment, a support 1 is provided, which is monolithically connected to a bottom plate 2 and a floor ceiling 3. The upper portion 4 of the support is made of lightweight concrete while the lower region 1 'consists of normal in-situ concrete (normal concrete). The support 1 may for example have a clear height of 220 cm. The upper area accounts for 10 cm. Below the floor slab, a thermal barrier coating 5 made of a highly insulating material is applied, the thickness of which substantially corresponds at least to the height of the upper area 4 of the column 1. As a thermal barrier coating 6, for example, mineral insulation panels or wood wool multi-layer panels can be installed.

To the in FIG. 1 To create shown building parts, the bottom plate 2 is first concreted in a conventional manner with a reinforcement 2 '. To connect the support 1 to the floor slab, reinforcement bars 2 "project vertically upwards from the horizontal reinforcement 2 'of the floor slab 2. These are then connected to a reinforcement 6 of structural steel arranged inside the support 1. The reinforcement 6 comprises four vertical reinforcing bars 6 'and a plurality of vertically spaced-apart reinforcing bracket 6' having an approximately square outline. In the upper area 4, instead of reinforcing bars 6 'of structural steel, four reinforcing bars 7 are made of a fiber composite material, such as the fiber composite material marketed by the Applicant under the name ComBAR (R). In the upper area 4, the reinforcing bars 7 surrounds a reinforcement arranged at right angles thereto, for example a reinforcing bar 7 'made of stainless steel. The reinforcing bars 7 protrude beyond the upper area 4 of the support, in order to allow a monolithic connection to the floor to be created later 3 ceiling. In addition, the reinforcing bars 7 also protrude from the upper area 4 of the support serving as the thermal insulation element into the lower area 1 'of normal concrete.

To the reinforcement 6 is then closed on all sides formwork (see FIG. Fig. 8 ) set up for the support 1. In-situ concrete is then poured into this, up to the height of the lower region 1 ', so in the exemplary embodiment about 210 cm high. The in-situ concrete, a typical ready-to-build normal concrete, is then compacted with an internal vibrator. When the in-situ concrete has set, fresh lightweight concrete is poured into the existing upper formwork 4 in the upper area 4 located above and also compacted. Once this has set, can continue in a conventional manner with the creation of the floor slab 3, wherein the reinforcement 3 'is cast with the over the upper contact surface of the support 1 projecting reinforcing bars 7 made of fiber composite material in situ concrete of the floor slab.

Alternatively, to create the serving as a thermal element upper portion 4 of the support 1 from a special, lightweight in-situ concrete, a prefabricated molded part can be installed as a thermal insulation element in the formwork of the support. In this case, the formwork of the support is either filled with in-situ concrete through an opening in the molding, or the formwork is filled with in-situ concrete until the height of the lower region 1 'and the molding is then inserted from above into the formwork and the still fresh in-situ concrete of the support 1 pressed. In this case, it is expedient to introduce an internal vibrator through a central opening in the molded part in order to recompress the in-situ concrete in the connection area to the molded part.

In the FIGS. 2 to 4 It is used for monolithic connection and load-bearing connection of a concrete pillar 1, for example in the basement of a building, to the cellar ceiling 3. The thermal insulation element 10 has a cuboidal basic element 11 with an upper side 12 and a bottom 13, which serves in each case as bearing surfaces for the basement ceiling or the completion of this supporting support 1. In the middle of the cuboid heat-insulating element 10 there is a central passage opening 14, which extends from the upper side 12 to the lower side 13 of the heat-insulating element 11. Through the main body 11 protrude four reinforcing rods 15 made of a fiber composite material. The bottom 13 of the main body 11 has a three-dimensional profiling in the form of a funnel-shaped in the direction of the passage opening 14 extending recess 16. In the interior of the main body 11, a reinforcing bar 17 is also embedded, which lies around the reinforcing bars 15 and gives the thermal insulating element 10 additional stability.

The main body 11 of the thermal insulation element 10 consists of a lightweight concrete, which on the one hand has a high pressure stability, on the other hand, a good thermal insulation property. Compared to concrete with a thermal conductivity of about 1.6 W / (m · K) is the thermal conductivity when using a suitable Lightweight concrete material in the range of about 0.5 W / (m · K), which corresponds to an improvement of about 70%. The lightweight concrete used consists essentially of expanded clay, fine sands, preferably light sand, flow agents and stabilizers that prevent segregation by floating the grain and improve the processability.

The compressive strength of the thermal insulation element is sufficiently high to enable the statically planned utilization of the underlying in situ concrete support, for example in accordance with compressive strength class C25 / 30. Preferably, however, the compressive strength of the thermal insulation element even corresponds to at least 1.5 times the statically required value. This ensures that, even in the event of possible faulty surfaces on the connecting surface between the thermal insulation element and support safety reserves are available, so that the thermal insulation element remains statically stable even at points higher load.

The reinforcing rods 15, which traverse the main body 11 of the thermal insulation element 10 in the vertical direction, serve primarily as tension rods for transmitting any tensile forces that may occur. The reinforcing rods 15 can be embedded in the lightweight concrete material of the cuboid base body 11 in the manufacture of the heat-insulating element 10. Alternatively, in order to simplify the production of the thermal insulation element, it is possible to incorporate sleeves as a kind of lost circuit during production, through which the reinforcing rods 15 are inserted after hardening of the lightweight concrete element 11.

The reinforcing bars 15 themselves are in the embodiment of a fiber composite material, which consists of oriented in the direction of force glass fibers and a resin matrix. Such a glass fiber reinforcing rod has an extremely low thermal conductivity, which is up to 100 times lower than with reinforcing steel, and is thus ideally suited for use in the thermal insulation element. Alternatively, however, the use of reinforcing bars made of stainless steel is possible and in the context of the present invention, in particular in the mentioned use of sleeves as lost formwork includes.

The dimensions of the reinforcing rods 15, without the invention being limited thereto, in the exemplary embodiment 16 mm in diameter at a length of 930 mm. The arrangement of the reinforcing bars 15 with respect to the base of the main body 11 is selected slightly outside the main diagonal. The reason for this is that in the support 1, in which the reinforcing bars 15 of the thermal insulation element 10 are installed, the reinforcing bars 6 'of the support 1 are already in the corners.

The reinforcing bracket 17 is made of a stainless steel bent into a ring and welded at the joint. The reinforcing bracket 17 has a diameter of about 200 mm with a material thickness of 8 to 10 mm.

The main body 11 of the thermal insulation element 10 has an edge length of 250 × 250 mm in the exemplary embodiment. The height is 100 mm and thus corresponds to the usual strength of a subsequently applied thermal barrier coating. The passage opening runs, as especially in Fig. 4 can be seen, slightly tapered by the through hole 14 tapers from an upper dimension of 70 mm to a lower dimension of 65 mm. The passage opening can be closed by means of a corresponding likewise slightly conical plug (not shown).

Fig. 5 shows the heat-insulating element in a side view, wherein on the main body 11 additionally circumferential seals 18 are mounted. The seals 18 may for example be designed as rubber lips or conventional sealing bands. They serve to seal the main body 11 of the thermal insulation element 10 edge-sealing against a formwork for the support to be created underneath, in order to prevent rising of concrete or air ingress.

Fig. 6 shows the installation situation of the thermal insulation element with respect to a support 1. The cross section shown extends below the body 11 of the thermal insulation element 10. The made of in-situ concrete support 1 has a reinforcement with four arranged in the corners of the support 1 vertical reinforcing bars 6 'and a variety horizontally around the reinforcing bars 6 'extending in approximately square executed reinforcing bracket 6 "on the reinforcing bars 15 of the heat-insulating element 10 are each slightly offset next to one of the reinforcing bars 6 'of the support 1. Die in Fig. 6 drawn section line BB corresponds to the cut of the in Fig. 7 shown longitudinal section through the column reinforcement.

In Fig. 7 the reinforcement of the support 1 is shown together with the thermal insulation element 10 in a longitudinal section. The cutting guide corresponds to the section line BB Fig. 6 , The reinforcement of the support 1 consists of four arranged in the corners of the support vertical reinforcing bars 6 ', which may be made of structural steel with a rod diameter of 28 mm at a length of 2000 mm, for example, and a plurality of horizontally around the reinforcing bars 6' circumferential reinforcing bracket Above the column reinforcement is the thermal insulation element 10, the reinforcing rods 15 of which project downwards into the column reinforcement.

The reinforcement content of the support 1 is about 3-4%. At a typical thermal conductivity of the structural steel of about 50 W / (m · K), it contributes about 1.6% of the total weight of 1.6 W / (m · K) to the overall thermal conductivity of the column. By using the combination of lightweight concrete and a fiberglass reinforcement in the area of the thermal insulation element 10, the heat transfer between support 1 and floor slab 3 can thus be reduced by approximately 90% compared with a direct monolithic connection.

To create the support 1, as in FIG. 8 in the upper half, around the column reinforcement 6 ', 6 "a formwork 19 is constructed and the lower area 1' is filled with in-situ concrete, which is conventionally compacted with an internal vibrator, after which the thermal insulation element 10 is inserted into the formwork 19 from above and its reinforcing bars 15 are pressed into the still liquid in-situ concrete The base body 11 is pressed against the fresh in-situ concrete until the liquid concrete in the through-opening 14 rises slightly, thus ensuring that between the concrete of the support 1 and the main body 11 of the heat-insulating element 10. Subsequently, the vibrating bottle of a concrete vibrator is passed through the passage opening 14 into the fresh in-situ concrete underneath in order to recompress it again For example, the heat-insulating element 10 can be lifted slightly by the volume of the concrete displaced by the vibrating bottle. When pulling out the vibrator, care is taken to ensure that the heat-insulating element 10 drops again by this volume by the heat-insulating element 10 is pressed down accordingly when pulling out of the vibrator. The circumferential seal 18 prevents air from entering between the formwork and the thermal insulation element or the thermal insulation element 10 can tilt in the formwork. In FIG. 9 is the detail referred to as D detail drawn out again enlarged by one of the seals 18.

The recompression of the still liquid fresh concrete through the passage opening 14 of the heat-insulating element 10 leads to an intimate connection of the heat-insulating element 10 with the underlying in-situ concrete. In particular, hollow spots due to voids or sedimentation in the fresh concrete between the thermal insulation element 10 and the support 1 are prevented. This is mainly due to the conical profiling on the underside of the body 11, due to the ascending air bubbles or cement water secreted on the surface collect mainly in the central region of the passage opening 14.

After concreting the support and recompressing through the passage opening 14, any remaining concrete in the passage opening 14 concrete residues are removed. Subsequently, the passage opening 14 is closed by means of a conical plug (not shown). The sealing plug can be made of insulating material such as polystyrene or similar. exist and serves to prevent the ingress of in-situ concrete into the through hole 14, when subsequently the floor slab 3 is created. In this way, any thermal bridges due to a concrete filling in the through hole 14 are avoided. Subsequently, the overlying floor slab 3 is created above the heat-insulating element 10 in a conventional manner.

In addition to the compression or recompression, the passage opening 14 can also be used as a filling opening for filling the formwork for the support 1 with in-situ concrete. In this case, the thermal insulation element is inserted into the still empty formwork of the support 1 and optionally the reinforcing rods 15 connected to the support reinforcement. Subsequently, will Fresh concrete filled through the passage opening 14 of the heat-insulating element in the formwork and then compressed by a through-opening 14 a vibrator bottle of an internal vibrator is introduced. Here, too, therefore, a compression of the fresh concrete against the underside of the Wärmdämmelementes from above through the through hole 14 therethrough. Alternatively, the support 1 can also be made of self-compacting concrete, or the compression of the support 1 can take place by means of an external vibrator. In the latter two cases, the passage opening 14 thus serves merely as a filling opening.

In addition to installation in the upper region of a support, installation in the foot region of a support is also conceivable. Such an arrangement is in an alternative embodiment in FIG. 10 shown. The support 1 is arranged here between the bottom plate 2 and the upper floor ceiling 3. In the foot region of the support 1, an inventive thermal insulation element 10 is installed, the reinforcing rods 15 protrude from the bottom plate 2 into the upper region of the support 1 and there are connected to the reinforcement 6 of the support 1. A thermal insulation layer 5 of insulation boards of a known type is mounted in this case on top of the bottom plate 2.

The preparation can take place in such a way that the heat-insulating element 10 is connected to the reinforcement 2 'before concreting the base plate 2. The bottom plate 2 is then cast from cast-in-situ concrete, so that the concrete rises from below against the thermal insulation element 10. In order to obtain a good and space-free connection here, the in-situ concrete can in turn be compressed through the central passage opening with a vibrating tool. After curing, the reinforcement 6 of the support is created and connected to the reinforcing bars 15 of the thermal insulation element. Around the thermal insulation element 10 around the formwork for the support 1 is then constructed and then cast the support 1 in a conventional manner from in-situ concrete and compacted.

The thermal insulation element according to the invention itself can be adapted in its dimensions to the underlying and / or overlying component. In particular, thermal insulation elements can be adapted to the typical cross sections of supports with a round, square or rectangular layout.

Typical dimensions of round columns are diameters of 24 and 30 cm, and of rectangular bases 25 x 25 cm and 30 x 30 cm. Thermal insulation elements with such a geometry can also be combined as desired to larger columns or support walls.

The heat insulation elements described herein are particularly suitable for use with pendulum supports and wall supports with low clamping moments. In addition, the use of supporting outer walls is possible by the heat insulation elements are installed at a suitable distance from each other and any remaining gaps between the individual thermal insulation elements are filled with non-supporting insulation material.

The geometric design of the profiled underside of the thermal insulation element can be realized in many other ways besides the conical shape shown here, for example in a stepped shape, a radial toothing, an annular bead and much more.

In addition to optimizing the geometry of the underside of the heat-insulating element, smaller or smaller openings may be additionally provided for the subsequent potting of possibly remaining cavities between the thermal-insulating element and the concrete surface located thereunder. Such openings can be closed by means of blind plugs and opened as needed to subsequently fill any remaining cavity by means of a potting compound such as a grout or a synthetic resin composition and thus produce a secure static connection, even if in an individual case a faulty design in the preparation of the support or the installation of the thermal insulation element had led to a poor connection. In addition, indicators may be provided on the thermal insulation element, which can be pushed up in the manner of a float and indicate that the heat-insulating element has contact with the underlying in-situ concrete on its underside.

When installing the thermal insulation element in the already compacted, fresh concrete of the underlying support, the subsequent recompression and when pulling out of the compaction tool from the through hole the heat-insulating element, it may optionally be advantageous if a defined pressure force is exerted on the heat-insulating element.

In addition to reinforcing bars, in the context of the present invention, other rod-shaped reinforcing means for connecting the heat-insulating element to the above and below building parts can be used, for example threaded rods, dowels or the like, as explained above, the connection between a support and a floor above it static as articulated connection can be considered and the reinforcement therefore preferably has to fulfill a constructive function at this point.

Claims (12)

Thermal insulation element for heat decoupling between bearing concrete parts to be created from concrete, preferably between a vertical building part, in particular a support (1), and a horizontal building part lying above or below it, in particular a floor slab (3), wherein the thermal insulation element (10) has a base body (10) 11), which consists at least partially of a pressure-transmitting material and an upper and a lower bearing surface (12, 13) for vertical connection to the building parts (1, 2, 3),
characterized in that
the base body (11) of the heat-insulating element (10) at least partially consists of a pressure-transmitting and heat-insulating material, in particular lightweight concrete, and one or more penetrates the base body (11) and extends substantially vertically over the upper and lower bearing surfaces (12, 13) out extending rod-shaped reinforcing means, in particular reinforcing rods (15), which consist of a fiber composite material. Thermal insulation element according to claim 1, wherein the reinforcing rods (15) are inserted in sleeves which are embedded in the pressure-transmitting material. Thermal insulation element according to claim 1 or 2, which has at least one from the upper to the lower support surface (12, 13) extending through opening (14), which is designed for performing a compacting device for fresh concrete. Thermal insulation element according to claim 3, wherein the lower support surface (13) has a three-dimensionally profiled surface, in particular one funnel-shaped in the direction of the passage opening (14) inclined or curved surface. Thermal insulation element according to claim 3 or 4, with a preferably conical sealing plug for subsequent closure of the passage opening (14), wherein the closure plug is preferably made of a thermally insulating material. Thermal insulation element according to one of the preceding claims with a reinforcing bracket (17) arranged in the interior of the pressure-transmitting material. Thermal insulation element according to one of the preceding claims which has a modulus of elasticity which is smaller than the modulus of elasticity of normal concrete, preferably 30 to 70% of the modulus of elasticity of normal concrete. Heat-insulating element, in particular according to one of the preceding claims, for heat insulation between building concrete parts to be created from concrete, preferably between a vertical building part, in particular a support (1), and an overlying or underlying horizontal building part, in particular a floor slab or a floor slab (2 , 3), wherein the thermal insulation element (10) has a base body (11) which consists at least partially of a pressure-transmitting material and an upper and a lower support surface (12, 13) for vertical connection to the building parts (1, 2, 3) having,
characterized in that
the base body (11) of the heat-insulating element (10) consists at least partially of a pressure-transmitting and heat-insulating material, in particular lightweight concrete, and has one or more sleeves penetrating the base body (11) vertically from the upper to the lower support surface (12, 13) to use it essentially vertically over the upper and the lower bearing surface (12, 13) extending out, rod-shaped reinforcing means, in particular reinforcing bars (15) are formed. Load-bearing, concrete, vertical building part, in particular a support (1), with a first bearing surface (12, 13) for load-bearing connection to a above or below concrete to be created, horizontal building part, in particular a floor slab or a bottom plate (2, 3), wherein the vertical part of the building comprises a reinforcement (6, 7) with one or more rod-shaped reinforcing means, in particular reinforcing bars (7, 15) extending substantially vertically beyond the first bearing surface (12, 13),
characterized,
in that a region (4) of the vertical part of the building adjoining the first bearing surface (12, 13) is designed as a thermal insulation element (10) for heat dissipation between the vertical building part and the horizontal building part to be created above or below,
in that the area (4) forming the thermal insulation element (10) consists at least partially of a material which transmits compressive and heat-insulating material, in particular lightweight concrete, and
in that the reinforcing means (7 ', 15) extending beyond the first bearing surface (12, 13) consist of a fiber composite material and extend substantially vertically into a first region (4) of the vertical building part forming the thermal insulation element (10) the second area (1 '), in which the vertical part of the building is made of reinforced normal concrete. Method for creating a vertical building part made of concrete, in particular a support (1), with a first bearing surface (12, 13) for load-bearing connection to a horizontal building part to be constructed above or below concrete, in particular a floor slab (3), in which : a first area (1 ') of the vertical building part (1) is made of reinforced normal concrete, a second region (4) of the vertical building part (1) lying between the first bearing surface (12) and the first region (1 ') is at least partially formed of a pressure-transmitting and heat-insulating material, in particular lightweight concrete, in order to act as a thermal insulation element (10) to provide heat dissipation between the vertical building part (1) and the horizontal building part (3) to be constructed above or below, and - In which the heat-insulating element (10) forming the second region (4) of the vertical building part rod-shaped reinforcing means, in particular reinforcing rods (7, 15) are installed from a fiber composite, extending through the second region (4) of the vertical building part (1) substantially extend vertically into the adjacent first area (1 ') and beyond the first bearing area (12). The method of claim 10, wherein for the first area (1 ') of the vertical part of the building, a reinforcement (6) and a formwork arranged around the reinforcement (6) are created, - in the formwork to the height of the first region (1 ') of the vertical building part (1) fresh normal concrete is filled, - In a first region of the formwork, which corresponds to the second region (4) of the vertical building part (1), reinforcing rods (7) are used made of fiber composite material and - Then the second area (4) of the vertical building part (1) is created by fresh fresh concrete is poured into the first area of the formwork. The method of claim 10, wherein for the first area (1 ') of the vertical building part (1) a reinforcement (6) and a formwork arranged around the reinforcement (6) are created, - in the formwork to the height of the first region (1 ') of the vertical building part (1) fresh normal concrete is filled, and - The second region (4) of the vertical building part (1) by a thermal insulation element (10) according to one of claims 1 to 8 is formed, which is inserted into the formwork.

Images