EP3492665A1 - Finished concrete part with at least one load-absorbing component and connection plate for assembly in the gap between same and load-absorbing component - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a prefabricated concrete part with at least one component (2), in particular a bracket, which receives a load (3), the at least one component (2) being fastened to the prefabricated concrete part (1) with the aid of connecting means with the aid of connecting means. In order to achieve the economic benefit of prefabricated concrete parts even in the case of prefabricated concrete parts subject to high static loads, it is proposed according to the invention that the at least one component (2) is prefabricated from concrete, that the connection means and recesses (8) arranged in the connection joint (4) comprise complementarily shaped elevations (9) which engage in a form-fitting manner transversely to the connection joint (4) and that the connection means comprise at least one tension element (5, 15) crossing the connection joint, with which the at least one component (2) against the precast concrete part (1) is excited. The invention further relates to a connection plate (18) for arrangement in the connection joint between such a prefabricated concrete part and the load-bearing component.

Description

The invention relates to a precast concrete element with at least one load-bearing component according to the preamble of patent claim 1 and a connection plate for arrangement in the connecting joint between such a precast concrete element and the load-bearing component according to the preamble of patent claim 15.

Precast concrete parts of the type mentioned represent an important part of the supporting structure in buildings, for example as a prefabricated support, wall element, ceiling element, foundation, pedestal and the like. The components to be connected to these precast concrete components, such as consoles, lintels, podiums, ceilings, columns, stairs, etc., are loaded with loads which they receive and enter into the precast concrete element for further load transfer. Due to the load concentration in the transition region from the component to the precast concrete part of the structural design of the connection area is of great importance. A failure of the component connection is equal to a failure of the precast concrete part.

For concrete columns with a console as a load-bearing component, it has proven useful to produce concrete columns and console in monolithic construction. Concrete columns and console are concreted as a unit within a correspondingly shaped formwork without forming a joint. By appropriate laying of the reinforcement and adequate dimensioning of the concrete cross-sections, it is ensured that the loads acting on the console are safely introduced into the concrete columns. However, the monolithic design brings economic disadvantages due to the associated overhead in the scarfing work.

For a more economical production, it is therefore already gone over to produce the support as a precast concrete, whereby by integration of a connection element in the precast concrete part, a subsequent Anbetonieren the console in cast-in-situ construction is possible. The formwork for the precast concrete element in this procedure consists essentially of continuous flat surfaces on which the connection element is fastened before concreting in the area of the later console. After stripping the connection reinforcement of the connection element is placed in the intended position and then the console switched and concreted. By reducing the scarfing effort in the area of the support, a first improvement in terms of economic efficiency is achieved, but the expense associated with retrofitting the console is still considerable.

Against this background, the object of the invention is to further develop the connection of a load-bearing component to a precast concrete part so that it meets both static and economic requirements.

This object is achieved by a precast concrete element having the features of patent claim 1 and a connection plate having the features of patent claim 15.

Advantageous embodiments will be apparent from the dependent claims.

The invention is based on the basic idea that both the precast concrete part and the load-bearing component are prefabricated independently of one another and joined together after sufficient hardening to form a connecting joint. In order to ensure the transfer of force from the component to the precast concrete element, connection means are provided in the connection joint, which guarantee a safe and defined flow of force. In addition to one or more tension rods for tensile force transmission in the connection area, the connection means additionally comprise transversal force-transmitting elevations and depressions which, due to their complementary shape, bring about positive interlocking in the area of the connection joint. In this way, the invention succeeds in achieving the economic benefit of prefabricated concrete parts, even with precast components that are subject to high static loads.

The invention includes all possible combinations of the arrangement of recesses or elevations in the precast concrete part and / or in at least one component. However, it is particularly preferred to provide the recesses in the precast concrete part or when using a connection plate in the precast concrete part and in the at least one component. In this way, the forces to be transmitted in the surface remote areas of the precast concrete or the transmitted at least one component, ie deep inside, where due to three-dimensional stress states forces can be removed better and safer.

An embodiment of the invention proves to be particularly advantageous in which the areas forming the elevations and the areas forming the depressions have different strengths, wherein in particular the elevations have a greater strength than the depressions. For example, higher strength regions may have a compressive strength of at least 50 N / mm ² , preferably at least 100 N / mm ² , most preferably at least 150 N / mm ² . As a result, exceeding the allowable loads will result in deformation of the lower strength portions. A failure of the connection area announces itself in this embodiment of the invention by perceptible changes in shape, so that timely countermeasures can be taken. Such embodiments are particularly suitable in combination with an arrangement of the recesses in the precast concrete part and / or in the at least one component as described above, since with minimal overhead in the area of the surveys, the load transfer capacity of the adjacent construction can be increased overall.

In a further preferred embodiment of the invention, the connection means comprise a connection plate or steel plate whose front and back are formed complementary to the elevations and / or depressions. The connection plate or steel plate is arranged in the connection joint between the prefabricated concrete element and the at least one component in a form-fitting manner, thereby transferring the forces from the component into the precast concrete element. The terminal plate or steel plate can be used in this embodiment as a permanent formwork, which simplifies the production of precast concrete and / or component.

According to a first embodiment, the connection plate may consist of a concrete casting which is filled into the intermediate space between the precast concrete part and at least one component. To form the intermediate space precast concrete element and component are arranged at a clear distance from each other with a lateral formwork and floor formwork in the connection area.

In the sense of a far-reaching prefabrication, however, the invention prefers a connection plate as a prefabricated part. In a further development of the above-mentioned idea, the connection plate may have a higher strength than the precast concrete part and / or the component. For example, the connection plate made of high-strength or ultra-high-strength concrete, which may also be optionally reinforced with fibers, resulting in the described advantages. Since in this embodiment, the elevations are arranged exclusively in the terminal plate, the cost of cladding is reduced not only in the precast concrete part, but also in the component to be connected.

For the formation of depressions and elevations are in particular cylindrical, conical, frustoconical, strip-shaped, convex or concave shapes into consideration. Conical, frusto-conical, convex and concave depressions and elevations have, inter alia, the advantage of self-centering during assembly of the component on the precast concrete part.

According to another embodiment of the invention, the recesses and elevations in the plane of the connecting joint and planar planes to a round or polygonal cross-section with the advantage that even with non-vertical load attacks the force to be transmitted can be transmitted substantially perpendicular to the contact joint.

Preferably, the recesses and elevations in the plane of the connecting joint have a dimension of 20 mm to 30 mm, preferably 25 mm and / or transverse to the plane of the connecting joint has a depth of 5 mm to 15 mm, preferably 10 mm. It has been found that a secure and durable power transmission is ensured with such a geometry of the depressions and elevations.

Also preferred is an embodiment of the invention, in which the depressions and elevations are arranged at least in the pressure zone of the connection region. The resultant of the depressions and elevations to be transmitted force in the pressure zone due to the horizontal forces acting there has a lower inclination relative to the horizontal, so that the resulting force is directed into the interior of the precast concrete part and is removed there into the ground. Due to the additional arrangement of the depressions and elevations in the tensile zone, ie where the tensile reinforcement crosses the connecting joint, the transverse force transmission can be increased in the case of high loads.

In order to achieve the highest possible degree of prefabrication, a preferred embodiment of the invention provides to push the tensile reinforcement in the connection joint and / or to guide the tensile reinforcement with play within a tubular enclosure by the component to be connected. Prefabricated concrete parts and components can thus be manufactured independently of each other with little effort and assembled at a later date on the construction site.

The invention is explained in more detail below with reference to embodiments illustrated in the drawings, wherein further features and advantages of the invention will become apparent. To facilitate understanding identical reference characters are used for the same or functionally identical features of different embodiments. The exemplary embodiments relate - without being limited thereto - to a precast concrete element in the form of a prefabricated support, to which a console is connected as a load-absorbing component. In the context of the invention are also precast concrete elements, which are formed by a wall plate, a pedestal, a foundation, a ceiling, etc., to which a fall, a ceiling, a staircase, a pillar or the like as a load-bearing component connects.

Fig. 1

eine Schrägansicht auf ein erfindungsgemäßes Betonfertigteil in Form einer Stütze,

Fig. 2

einen Ausschnitt von Fig. 1 im Bereich der Konsole in teiltransparenter Darstellung,

Fig. 3

eine Schrägansicht auf den Anschlussbereich des in Fig. 1 dargestellten Betonfertigteils ohne Konsole,

Fig. 4

eine Ansicht auf die Vorderseite eines Stahlblechs zur Formung des Anschlussbereichs des in den Fig. 1 und 3 dargestellten Betonfertigteils,

Fig. 5

eine Schrägansicht auf eine erste Ausführungsform einer erfindungsgemäßen Konsole,

Fig. 6

einen Vertikalschnitt durch den Anschlussbereich der in Fig. 5 gezeigten Konsole an ein Betonfertigteil ohne Stahlblech,

Fig. 7

einen Vertikalschnitt durch den Anschlussbereich der in Fig. 5 gezeigten Konsole mit Stahlblech,

Fig. 8

eine Schrägansicht auf eine zweite Ausführungsform einer erfindungsgemäßen Konsole mit Anschlussplatte,

Fig. 9a

eine Ansicht auf die Vorderseite einer Anschlussplatte,

Fig. 9b

eine Ansicht auf die Rückseite der in Fig. 9a gezeigten Anschlussplatte,

Fig. 10

einen Vertikalschnitt durch den Anschlussbereich der in Fig. 8 gezeigten Konsole ohne Stahlblech, und

Fig. 11

einen Vertikalschnitt durch den Anschlussbereich der in Fig. 8 gezeigten Konsole mit Stahlblech.

It shows

Fig. 1

an oblique view of an inventive precast concrete element in the form of a support,

Fig. 2

a section of Fig. 1 in the area of the console in semi-transparent representation,

Fig. 3

an oblique view of the connection area of in Fig. 1 shown prefabricated concrete part without console,

Fig. 4

a view of the front of a steel sheet for forming the connection area of the in the Fig. 1 and 3 shown precast concrete part,

Fig. 5

an oblique view of a first embodiment of a console according to the invention,

Fig. 6

a vertical section through the connection area of in Fig. 5 shown console to a precast concrete part without steel sheet,

Fig. 7

a vertical section through the connection area of in Fig. 5 shown console with sheet steel,

Fig. 8

an oblique view of a second embodiment of a console according to the invention with connection plate,

Fig. 9a

a view of the front of a connection plate,

Fig. 9b

a view on the back of the in Fig. 9a shown connection plate,

Fig. 10

a vertical section through the connection area of in Fig. 8 shown console without sheet steel, and

Fig. 11

a vertical section through the connection area of in Fig. 8 shown console with sheet steel.

In Fig.1 an inventive precast concrete part 1 is shown in the form of a support which is firmly anchored with its lower end in the ground, for example in a quiver foundation, not shown. On one side of the precast concrete part 1, a prefabricated also concrete console 2 is fixed, which is intended for storage of other components such as cross member, side members and the like. A precast concrete part 1 may optionally have a plurality of consoles 2 on one or more sides and at different heights. The console 2 receives the coming from the other components, embodied by the arrow 3 loads and directs them into the precast concrete part 1 a. The type of connection of the console 2 must be such that a secure power flow over the connection joint 4 between the precast concrete part 1 and 2 console away is guaranteed.

Fig. 2 shows the console 2 in a transparent representation, so that the essential elements for power transmission are visible. In the region of the tension zone of the connecting joint 4, four tension rods 5 are visible, which are guided up to the connection joint 4 in sheaths 6 and whose free ends are anchored in niches on the console end face 7. Preferably, the niches are closed with a plug or a hardening filling material. The opposite ends of the tension rods 5 are frictionally coupled with a present in the precast concrete part 1 tensile reinforcement, which will be discussed later (see. Fig. 6, 7 . 10, 11 ). The pressure area of the connecting joint 4 is complementarily shaped by a variety Recesses 8 and elevations 9 formed, the form-fitting interlock and transmit in their interaction transverse forces, which is described in more detail below.

Fig. 3 gives the closer embodiment of the concrete finished part side of the connection portion 17 again. This area is already produced when concreting the precast concrete part 1 by a steel sheet 10, as for example in Fig. 4 is shown, is fixed in a predetermined position on the inside of the formwork in the manner of a built-in part.

How out Fig. 4 As can be seen, the steel sheet 10 has a rectangular shape with a front 11 and back 12. The thickness of the steel sheet 10 is, for example, about 2 mm to 5 mm. In the upper, the tensile zone of the connection joint 4 associated area circular openings 13 for the passage of the tension rods 5 are provided. Preferably, on the front side 11 of the steel sheet 10 above each opening 13, a threaded sleeve 14 aligned with the opening 13 with screwed-in anchor rod 15 (cf. Fig. 6, 7 . 10, 11 ), so that with the installation of the thus prepared steel sheet 10 at the same time the concrete precast tensile reinforcement in the connection area 17 is laid.

The lower region of the steel sheet 10 assigned to the pressure zone has a multiplicity of deformations extending transversely to the plane of the steel sheet 10, for example by deep drawing or hydroforming and forming elevations 9 'on the front side 11 and depressions 8' on the rear side. The recesses 8 'and elevations 9' are arranged with lateral spacing in horizontal rows, wherein the recesses 8 'and elevations 9' of two superimposed rows have a lateral offset from each other, which preferably corresponds to half the lateral distance.

Each elevation 9 'or recess 8' has in the plane of the steel sheet 10 an octagonal cross-section which becomes smaller with increasing distance from the steel sheet plane and finally ends in a hexagonal end face. This results in a section perpendicular to the steel plate plane a frustoconical design of the elevations 9 'and depressions 8'. The dimension of the recesses 8 'and elevations 9' in the plane of the steel sheet 10 is between 20 mm and 30 mm and the depth perpendicular thereto between 5 mm and 15 mm. Deviating formations with round, rectangular, square or hexagonal cross-sections are also within the scope of the invention.

In the course of concreting the precast concrete 1 leave the elevations 9 'of the steel sheet 10 complementary shaped recesses 8 in the connection area 17 of the precast concrete 1, which form the component surface there after stripping the precast concrete part 1 and removing the steel sheet 10. Alternatively, it is possible to leave the steel sheet 10 analogous to a lost formwork in the precast concrete part 1. In this case, the depressions 8 'on the rear side 12 of the steel sheet 10 correspond to the depressions 8 according to the invention (cf. Fig. 7 ). In both cases, the coupling anchor rods 15 and recesses 8 embody the connecting means 17 in the connection area 17 of the precast concrete part 1 according to the invention.

In Fig. 5 the console 2 is shown with the console-side connection means on the inner end face 16. The dimensions of the end face 16 correspond to those of the connection portion 17 of the precast concrete part 1. In the upper part of the end face 16, which in turn corresponds to the tension zone, you can see the ends of the ducts 6, whose arrangement is chosen so that they the anchor rods 15 of the precast concrete part. 1 in alignment. In the area of the pressure zone one sees a large number of elevations 9 which correspond in shape and size as well as relative position to the depressions 8 in the connection area 17 of the precast concrete part 1.

The preparation of the console-side connection area, which extends over the end face 16 of the console 2, is similar to the connection portion 17 of the precast concrete part 1, in turn, a steel sheet 10 ', comparable to that of Fig. 4 known, is inserted before concreting the console 2 in the formwork. Preferably, the Hüllrohe 6 are preassembled in the region of the openings 13 on the steel sheet 10 '. After hardening of the concrete, the steel sheet 10 'can be removed in the course of Ausschalens of the console 2, so that the console 2, the in Fig. 5 has shown shape. As already mentioned in the precast concrete part 1, here too the steel sheet 10 'can remain on the bracket 2 and interact with the transverse force transmission with its elevations 9' directly with the recesses 8 or 8 'of the precast concrete part 1.

In the assembled state corresponds to the connecting joint 4 between precast concrete 1 and 2 console according to the presentation FIGS. 6 and 7. FIG. 6 shows the embodiment in which prior to mounting the console 2, the steel sheet 10 from the precast concrete part 1 and the steel sheet 10 'have been removed from the console 2. In the connection joint 4, therefore, the elevations formed by the concrete of the console 2 9 are directly and without intermediate position in the recesses 8 of the precast concrete part 1. The positive connection between the elevations. 9 and recesses 8 causes an intimate toothing, in the contact surfaces, the transverse forces between the precast concrete part 1 and 2 console are transmitted.

Preferably, the concrete of the console 2, at least in the region of the elevations 9 and in the edge zone of the end face 16 has a higher strength than that of the precast concrete part 1. Optionally, the entire console 2 may consist of a concrete higher strength.

Especially from Fig. 6 be apparent in the connecting joint 4 occurring tensile forces transmitted by a connecting joint 4 crossing tensile reinforcement. On the part of the precast concrete part 1, the tensile reinforcement is formed by anchor rods 15 anchored in the in-situ concrete of the precast concrete part 1, to the ends of which a screw sleeve 14 is respectively screwed on to the connecting joint 4. The console-side tension reinforcement consists of tension rods 5, which are guided displaceably within casing 2 and rotatable in the console 2. The ends of the connecting joint 4 facing up to the threaded sleeves 14, in which they are screwed to form a Muffenstoßes. The opposite ends are in niches on the front side 7 of the console 2. By means of screw-on clamping nuts, the console 2 can be clamped in the course of assembly against the precast concrete part 1.

The embodiment according to Fig. 7 differs from the above only by the arrangement of the steel sheet 10 and / or the steel sheet 10 'in the connection joint 4, which have been left after concreting on the precast concrete part 1 and on the console 2. Sheet steel 10 and / or steel sheet 10 'form in this embodiment, an intermediate layer between precast concrete 1 and console 2. Otherwise, the under Fig. 6 made statements accordingly.

The 8 to 11 relate to embodiments of the invention in which a connection plate 18 is arranged in the connecting joint 4 between the precast concrete part 1 and 2 console for lateral force transmission. The specific design of the connection plate 18 is from a synopsis of Fig. 9a, 9b . 10 and 11 out. As the Fig. 9a and 9b show the front 19 and rear 20 of the connection plate 18 are identical and have arranged in the lower half in horizontal rows elevations 9, the elevations 9 of two superimposed rows are arranged with lateral offset from each other. The surveys 9 correspond in shape, size and relative arrangement under the Fig. 1 to 7 described so that reference is made to avoid repetition of the statements there. In the upper half has the connection plate 18 openings 21, which serve as in the steel sheets 10, 10 'of the implementation of the tensile reinforcement on the connecting joint 4 away.

The connecting plate 4 has a thickness of 10 mm to 25 mm in the region without elevations 9 and consists of a concrete with increased compressive strength, for example with a compressive strength above 100 N / mm ² , preferably above 150 N / mm ² and may optionally have a fiber reinforcement , To produce a connection plate 18, for example, two steel sheets 10 and 10 'may be used, the mutually facing rear sides 12 are held plane-parallel and at a distance from each other within a sealing frame. The formwork formed in this way results in a negative mold, which is filled to produce the connection plate 18 with concrete.

The connection plate 18 is intended for arrangement in the connecting joint 4, wherein the front and rear elevations 9 positively engage both in corresponding recesses 8, 8 'of the precast concrete part 1 and wells 8 of the console 2 for producing a transverse force-transmitting toothing. The precast concrete 1 is this in the connection area 17 as already under the Fig. 1 to 4 formed, wherein the steel sheet 10 may be removed from the precast concrete part 1, resulting in a connection according to Fig. 10 leads. Alternatively, it is possible to leave the steel sheet 10 on the precast concrete part 1, so that the connection plate 18 transmits the forces into the precast concrete part 1 via the steel sheet 10 (cf. Fig. 11 ).

For a corresponding embodiment of the end face 16 of the console 2, the connection plate 18 can be used in the manner of a lost formwork for shuttering the console 2 to simplify the console production, the concrete of the console 2 with the connection plate 18 enters a two-dimensional composite and the connection plate 18 thereby Becomes part of the console 2. Such a console 2 with integrated connection plate 18 is the subject of Fig. 8 , Alternatively, one of the elevations 9 of the terminal plate 4 complementary shaped end face 16 of the console 2 can be prepared analogously to the formation of the connection portion 17 of the precast concrete part 1, ie by using a steel sheet 10, 10 '. In this case, the connection plate 18 is without bonding with the console 2 and the precast concrete part 1 in the connection joint 4th

Claims (15)

Prefabricated concrete element with at least one load (3) receiving component (2), in particular console, wherein the at least one component (2) to form a connection joint (4) by means of connection means to the precast concrete part (1) is fixed, characterized in that - The at least one component (2) is prefabricated concrete, - The connecting means in the connection joint (4) arranged recesses (8) and complementary shaped elevations (9) comprise, which engage transversely to the connecting joint (4) form-fitting manner, and - The connecting means comprise at least one of the connecting joint traction element (5, 15), with which the at least one component (2) against the precast concrete part (1) is stretched. Prefabricated concrete element according to claim 1, characterized in that the recesses (8) in the precast concrete part (1) and / or in the at least one component (2) are arranged. Prefabricated concrete element according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the elevations (8) in the precast concrete part (1) and / or in the at least one component (2) are arranged. Prefabricated concrete element according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the elevations (8) forming regions and the recesses (9) forming regions have different strengths, preferably the elevations (8) forming areas have greater strength than that the recesses (9) forming areas. Prefabricated concrete element according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized by at least one connecting plate (18) and / or steel plate (10, 10 '), the front side (19) and rear side (20) complementary to the elevations (8) and / or depressions ( 9) are formed, and in the connection joint (4) is positively arranged between the precast concrete part (1) and the at least one component (2). Prefabricated concrete element according to claim 5, characterized in that the at least one connecting plate (18) and / or steel plate (10, 10 ') with the precast concrete part (1) or the at least one component (2) is connected, preferably monolithic. Prefabricated concrete element according to claim 5 or 6, characterized in that the at least one connecting plate (18) is formed by a prefabricated concrete part, preferably of a prefabricated concrete part with a compressive strength of at least 100 N / mm ² , most preferably at least 150 N / mm ² . Prefabricated concrete element according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the recesses (8) and elevations (9) are cylindrical, frusto-conical, strip-shaped, convex or concave. Prefabricated concrete element according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the recesses (8) and elevations (9) in the plane of the connecting joint (4) and plane-parallel planes have a round or polygonal cross-section. Prefabricated concrete element according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the dimension of the recesses (8) and elevations (9) in the plane of the connecting joint (4) is between 20 mm and 30 mm, preferably 25 mm. Prefabricated concrete element according to one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the depth of the recesses (8) and elevations (9) transversely to the plane of the connecting joint (4) is between 5 mm and 15 mm, preferably 10 mm. Prefabricated concrete element according to one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that the recesses (8) and elevations (9) are arranged at least in the region of the pressure zone of the connecting joint (4), optionally in the region of the pressure zone and region of the tension zone. Prefabricated concrete element according to one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that the tensile reinforcement in the connecting joint (4) is pushed, preferably by means of a screw sleeve (14). Prefabricated concrete element according to one of claims 1 to 13, characterized in that the at least one tie rod (5) of the tensile reinforcement in the region of the at least one component (2) within a tubular sheath (6) is guided. Connection plate for arrangement in the connection joint (4) between a prefabricated concrete part (1) and at least one prefabricated component (2) made of concrete, which receives a load (3), in particular console, wherein the precast concrete part (1) and the component (2) in the connection joint (4) facing the area recesses (8) and / or elevations (9), characterized in that the front side (19) and back (20 ) of the connection plate (16) complementary to the elevations (8) and / or depressions (9) are formed.

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