EP3105764B1 - Matériau magnétique - Google Patents

Matériau magnétique Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3105764B1
EP3105764B1 EP15707559.9A EP15707559A EP3105764B1 EP 3105764 B1 EP3105764 B1 EP 3105764B1 EP 15707559 A EP15707559 A EP 15707559A EP 3105764 B1 EP3105764 B1 EP 3105764B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
magnetic material
magnetic
nanotubes
permanent magnet
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EP15707559.9A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP3105764A1 (fr
Inventor
Stephan Kronholz
Andreas Weller
Rainer Vor Dem Esche
Michael Sonnen
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Enrichment Technology Co Ltd
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Enrichment Technology Co Ltd
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F1/00—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties
    • H01F1/01—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials
    • H01F1/03—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity
    • H01F1/032—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of hard-magnetic materials
    • H01F1/04—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of hard-magnetic materials metals or alloys
    • H01F1/047—Alloys characterised by their composition
    • H01F1/053—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals
    • H01F1/055—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5
    • H01F1/057—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5 and IIIa elements, e.g. Nd2Fe14B
    • H01F1/0571—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5 and IIIa elements, e.g. Nd2Fe14B in the form of particles, e.g. rapid quenched powders or ribbon flakes
    • H01F1/0575—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5 and IIIa elements, e.g. Nd2Fe14B in the form of particles, e.g. rapid quenched powders or ribbon flakes pressed, sintered or bonded together
    • H01F1/0577—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5 and IIIa elements, e.g. Nd2Fe14B in the form of particles, e.g. rapid quenched powders or ribbon flakes pressed, sintered or bonded together sintered
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C19/00—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt
    • C22C19/07—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on cobalt
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C26/00—Alloys containing diamond or cubic or wurtzitic boron nitride, fullerenes or carbon nanotubes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/001—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing N
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/002—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing In, Mg, or other elements not provided for in one single group C22C38/001 - C22C38/60
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/005—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing rare earths, i.e. Sc, Y, Lanthanides
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C47/00—Making alloys containing metallic or non-metallic fibres or filaments
    • C22C47/08—Making alloys containing metallic or non-metallic fibres or filaments by contacting the fibres or filaments with molten metal, e.g. by infiltrating the fibres or filaments placed in a mould
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C47/00—Making alloys containing metallic or non-metallic fibres or filaments
    • C22C47/14—Making alloys containing metallic or non-metallic fibres or filaments by powder metallurgy, i.e. by processing mixtures of metal powder and fibres or filaments
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F41/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties
    • H01F41/02—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties for manufacturing cores, coils, or magnets
    • H01F41/0253—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties for manufacturing cores, coils, or magnets for manufacturing permanent magnets
    • H01F41/0273—Imparting anisotropy
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F2998/00—Supplementary information concerning processes or compositions relating to powder metallurgy
    • B22F2998/10—Processes characterised by the sequence of their steps
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C26/00—Alloys containing diamond or cubic or wurtzitic boron nitride, fullerenes or carbon nanotubes
    • C22C2026/002—Carbon nanotubes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C2202/00—Physical properties
    • C22C2202/02—Magnetic

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a magnetic material with improved mechanical properties, to a permanent magnet, an electric motor or a magnetic bearing with this magnetic material and to a method for producing a permanent magnet from this magnetic material.
  • Magnetic materials are used for various purposes, for example for electric motors or magnetic bearings.
  • the magnets can be subjected to very fast rotations.
  • extreme loads act on the magnets used.
  • Strong magnets made of NdFeB or SmCo are usually used in such applications.
  • Such materials have an elongation at break of 0.1-0.15%. If the magnets have to endure higher material expansions due to the rotational speed and the associated centrifugal force, this leads to a destruction of the geometry and thus to a reduction in the magnetizability or even a loss of function of the magnet.
  • the drum arranged on the rotor represents an additional component in the electric motor, which is also highly precise and reproducible on the Rotor must be arranged so that the electric motors can be used reliably for higher speeds.
  • the bandage complicates the manufacturing process and leads to higher manufacturing costs.
  • the drum also increases the distance between the rotor (rotor) and the stator, which reduces the performance of the motor. It would therefore be desirable to have a powerful electric motor or a magnetic bearing available that can do without additional components and yet can be used for very high speeds. It would also be desirable to have novel magnetic materials that can be designed for even higher loads.
  • US 2011/031432 A1 and CN 101 430 958 B disclose rare earth magnets with carbon nanotubes.
  • rare earth permanent magnet or rare earth magnet denotes a permanent magnet that essentially consists of transition metals or transition metal alloys such as, for example, Fe boron and rare earth metals. Such permanent magnets are characterized by the fact that they have a high magnetic remanence and a high magnetic coercive field strength and thus a high magnetic energy density. Examples of particularly strong permanent magnets from this class are Nd 2 Fe 14 B, SmCo 5 or Sm 2 (Co, Fe, Cu, Zr) 17 , in particular Sm 2 Co 17 . However, rare earth transition metal nitrogen alloys such as Sm 2 Fe 18 N 3 can also be used, for example.
  • transition metal alloy denotes a metallic material that consists of at least two elements, for example Fe-B, Fe-Ni or Fe-N.
  • Nanomaterial denotes a material that improves the mechanical bond within a pressed material and has an expansion that is orders of magnitude smaller than the expansion of the pressed material.
  • the nanomaterial can be a material from one component or a mixture of different components (multiple nanomaterials).
  • Nanomaterials in the sense of the present invention are, for example, nanostructures made of carbon or boron nitride. These nanostructures can include, for example, horn-shaped (so-called nanohorns) or other shaped layers of graphene (single-walled or multi-walled). Nanomaterials according to the invention can also contain nanotubes made of carbon (carbon nanotubes) or boron nitride, Block copolymers or core shell particles.
  • the nanomaterial comprises carbon nanotubes (so-called CNTs).
  • CNTs carbon nanotubes
  • the term “nanotubes” denotes small tubular, non-magnetic structures made of carbon or boron nitride, which have a diameter in the nanometer range.
  • the walls of the tubular structures consist only of carbon or boron nitride, for example in the case of carbon nanotubes the carbon atoms have a honeycomb structure with hexagons and three each Take binding partners (determined by the sp 2 hybridization).
  • the diameter of the nanotubes is usually in the range from 1 to 50 nm, and the length of the nanotubes can exceed the diameter by orders of magnitude.
  • the nanotubes can be constructed with one or more walls and have open or closed tube ends.
  • Single-walled nanotubes have only one layer of the respective material (for example carbon atoms in carbon nanotubes) as a wall
  • multi-walled tubes can have a wall made up of several layers of the respective material.
  • nanotubes have no magnetic properties, they have outstanding mechanical properties.
  • single-wall carbon nanotubes with a density of 1.3 to 1.4 g / cm 3 have a tensile strength of 30GPa.
  • Multi-walled carbon nanotubes have a tensile strength of up to 63 GPa at a density of 1.8 g / cm 3 .
  • ordinary steel has a maximum tensile strength of only 2GPa at a density of around 7.85 g / cm 3 .
  • Such end groups can be incorporated into the outer surface of the carbon nanotubes, for example by covalent modification.
  • the carbon nanotubes are treated with nitric acid HNO 3 , whereupon NH 2 and / or OH end groups on the surface are already present Arrange so-called Stone Wales structural defects of the carbon nanotubes. These defects are rotations of the covalent bond between two adjacent carbon atoms in the wall of the carbon nanotube.
  • Another method for functionalizing carbon nanotubes is a plasma treatment using a non-thermal plasma of a process gas, which is ionized by applying an excitation voltage.
  • a microwave plasma deposition can be used for the deposition of metal particles, for example from Co, Fe, Ni.
  • colloidal iron can be deposited on the outer surface of the carbon nanotubes.
  • other metals With the metal powder in the magnetic material, these deposited metals produce a mechanically significantly stronger crosslinking than would be the case with non-functionalized carbon nanotubes.
  • the magnetic material therefore comprises grains not larger than 10 ⁇ m, preferably not larger than 7 ⁇ m.
  • the nanotubes have a diameter of less than 30 nm, preferably less than 10 nm. With these diameters, the nanotubes give the material the improved mechanical properties, in particular the desired strength.
  • the weight fraction of the nanomaterial in the magnetic material is more than 0.1%, preferably more than 1%, more preferably more than 2%, more preferably more than 4%. As the proportion by weight of the nanomaterial in the magnetic material increases, its mechanical properties, such as tensile strength and breaking strength, improve. In a preferred embodiment, the proportion by weight of the nanomaterial in the magnetic material is less than 35%, preferably less than 20%, more preferably less than 8%, even more preferably less than 6%. Since the nanomaterial does not contribute to the magnetic properties, but rather dilutes the magnetically effective components in the magnetic material due to its presence, the proportion of the nanomaterial should not be too high in addition to the mechanical properties in order to simultaneously maintain the good magnetic properties of the magnetic material.
  • the nanotubes have a length of less than 1.0 ⁇ m, preferably less than 0.1 ⁇ m.
  • a monocrystalline grain structure of the magnetic material is advantageous for achieving good magnetic properties of a permanent magnet. So that the nanotubes can develop their stabilizing mechanical effect, their length should be smaller than the grain size in the magnetic material in the later permanent magnet.
  • the stabilizing effect is primarily achieved by using nanotubes as or in the connection matrix.
  • the nanotubes increase the network density or the cross-linking of the matrix.
  • the material between the grain boundaries of the single-crystal grains is referred to here as the matrix.
  • the introduction of the nanotubes into the single-crystalline grains has a subordinate effect on the mechanical properties of the magnetic material.
  • These nanotubes are preferably carbon nanotubes.
  • the rare earth metals of the magnetic material comprise at least one element from the group neodymium, samarium, praseodymium, dysprosium, terbium, gadolinium.
  • the transition metals of the magnetic material comprise at least one element from the group iron, cobalt, nickel.
  • Rare earth permanent magnets made from these elements have the best magnetic properties such as a high remanent flux density B r of up to more than 1 Tesla, a high coercive force H c of up to 2000 kA / m at room temperature Energy density B r ⁇ H c of up to 440 kJ / m 3 and a Curie temperature T c of up to 800 ° C.
  • the material for generating a permanent magnetic field in the magnetic material comprises neodymium-iron-boron, preferably anisotropically sintered Nd 2 Fe 14 B.
  • the raw materials for Nd-Fe-B magnets are significantly cheaper than SmCo magnets because of the The proportion of neodymium in rare earth ores is many times higher than that of samarium.
  • the invention further relates to a permanent magnet made of a magnetic material according to the present invention.
  • Permanent magnets are used, among other things, for installation in electric motors or magnetic bearings.
  • the invention also relates to an electric motor or a magnetic bearing comprising a permanent magnet according to the invention made of a magnetic material according to the present invention.
  • a permanent magnet according to the invention made of a magnetic material according to the present invention.
  • the magnetic material used of the permanent magnet in the electric motor or the magnetic bearing is able to withstand the extreme loads occurring there without damage.
  • the strength and fracture toughness of pure NdFeB or SmCo magnets could be increased significantly by 20 - 30% or more beyond the elongation at break of 0.1 - 0.15% without nanomaterials or nanotubes (e.g. carbon nanotubes).
  • the centrifugal forces that occur during operation of the magnets due to the rotational speed and the resulting higher material expansion do not lead to destruction of the magnet geometries or even the function of the magnet.
  • the step of providing at least one nanomaterial comprises the step of functionalizing the carbon nanotubes.
  • OH end groups or metals are arranged on the outer surface of the carbon nanotubes as part of the functionalization.
  • techniques such as covalent modification using acids as an example of functionalization using wet chemistry, using plasma deposition (for example gas plasma, microwave plasma) or using further functionalization based on pre-functionalization using suitable chemicals can be used.
  • the powder metallurgical production of the magnetic material can include various process steps.
  • the magnetic material can be produced by melt metallurgy, with various materials being melted and then ground again.
  • alloy powder can be produced as a magnetic powder from rare earth oxides and metals by a reduction and diffusion process.
  • the grain sizes in the magnetic material are limited to less than 10 ⁇ m, preferably less than 7 ⁇ m, by a grinding step. The grinding techniques to be used for this are known to the person skilled in the art.
  • the powder of (single-crystalline) grains from the magnetic material according to the invention is pressed into a mold for the subsequent sintering.
  • the magnetic material can be brought into the desired mechanical shape by means of compression molding in a pressing tool or by isostatic pressing.
  • a sufficiently strong magnetic field is applied from the outside during pressing to align the magnetic moments of the anisotropic powder particles homogeneously with a stable preferred direction under the influence of the field.
  • the material is compressed during pressing and the orientation of the magnetic moments in the magnetic material is thereby fixed.
  • the permanent magnet thus shaped before the start of sintering is also referred to as a preform. However, it still has a lower density than after the end of the sintering process, so that the preform has an even greater geometric extension than the finished permanent magnet.
  • the sintering can be carried out using various sintering processes. After sintering, the permanent magnet has generally shrunk approx. 15-20% compared to the preform. This achieves densities in the sintered magnetic material of up to 7.6 g / cm 3 .
  • the method further comprises a temperature treatment of the compacted magnetic material after the sintering has been completed at a temperature between 600 ° C. and 900 ° C. At these temperatures, the magnetic material is heated close to or above the Curie temperature, so that the magnetic moments can be aligned in one of the two anisotropic directions by applying an external magnetic field.
  • Fig. 1 shows a schematic representation of the (a) magnetic material according to the invention and (b) the permanent magnet according to the invention.
  • the magnetic material 3 for producing a rare earth permanent magnet 5 comprises one or more rare earth metals RE and one or more transition metals TM or transition metal alloys TML for generating a permanent magnetic field and, in this embodiment, nanotubes as nanomaterial 2 (for example carbon nanotubes) for improving the mechanical properties of the magnetic Materials 3.
  • nanomaterial 2 for example carbon nanotubes
  • nickel can be Permanent magnets (see Fig.
  • the elongations at break of the permanent magnet 5 can be increased significantly beyond 0.1-0.15%, as in the case of permanent magnets according to the prior art, without additional components such as external additional bandages
  • Permanent magnets have to be placed around, in particular if the nanotubes 2 have a diameter of less than 30 nm, preferably less than 10 nm, the weight fraction of the nanomaterial 2 in the magnetic material 3 is more than 0.1%, preferably more than 1%, more preferably more than 2%, more preferably more than 4%, however less than 35%, preferably less than 20%, more preferably less than 8%, more preferably less than 6% and the nanotubes 2 have a length of less than 1.0 ⁇ m, preferably less than 0 , 5 ⁇ m, particularly preferably less than 0.1 ⁇ m
  • Fig. 2 shows a schematic representation of the (a) electric motor 6 according to the invention and (b) the magnetic bearing 7 according to the invention.
  • the magnetic material 3 used is the permanent magnet 5 in the electric motor 6 or the magnetic bearing 7 is able to withstand the extreme loads occurring there without damage.
  • the breaking strength of pure NdFeB or SmCo magnets of 0.1-0.15% could be significantly increased by using the magnetic material according to the invention in the manufacture of the permanent magnet 5 by at least 20% -30%.
  • Fig. 3 shows an embodiment of the method for producing a permanent magnet 5 according to the invention from the magnetic material 3 according to the invention.
  • the method comprises providing B1 a magnetic powder 1 comprising one or more rare earth metals RE and one or more transition metals TM or transition metal alloys TML, providing B2 at least one Nanomaterial 2, the mixing VM of the magnetic powder 1 with an amount (proportion) of nanomaterial 2 suitable for achieving the desired magnetic and mechanical properties to provide the magnetic material 3, the production of a preform 4 from the magnetic material 3 by means of suitable grinding -, and pressing steps M, P, preferably additionally comprising one or more melting steps S, and the sintering SI of the magnetic material 3 by means of suitable sintering steps SI for producing the permanent magnet 5 from the preform 4.
  • the grinding step M can be used, for example, to limit grain sizes in the magnetic material 3 to less than 10 ⁇ m, preferably to less than 7 ⁇ m.
  • the pressing step P for the magnetic material 3 is used under the influence of the magnetic field MF for the anisotropic alignment of the magnetic moments in the preform 4.
  • the applied external magnetic field is a homogeneous field for the parallel alignment of as many of the magnetic moments in the magnetic material 3 as possible.
  • the press P thus compresses the magnetic material 3 and fixes the alignment of the magnetic moments in the magnetic material 3.
  • the sintering SI of the preform 4 is carried out, for example, under a protective gas or vacuum at temperatures between 1030 ° C. and 1100 ° C. After sintering is SI the permanent magnet 5 has generally shrunk approx. 15-20% compared to the preform 4 and has a stable shape. This achieves densities in the sintered magnetic material 3 of up to 7.6 g / cm 3 .
  • a protective gas or vacuum at temperatures between 1030
  • Temperature treatment TB on the compacted magnetic material 3 after completion of the sintering SI carried out at a temperature between 600 ° C and 900 ° C. At these temperatures, the magnetic material is heated close to or above the Curie temperature, so that the magnetic moments can be aligned in one of the two anisotropic directions in the sintered magnetic material 3 by optionally applying an external magnetic field MF (dashed arrow).

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
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Claims (16)

  1. Matériau magnétique (3) destiné à la fabrication d'un aimant permanent à terres rares (5) comprenant un ou plusieurs métaux des terres rares (RE) et un ou plusieurs métaux de transition (TM) ou alliages de métaux de transition (TML) pour générer un champ magnétique permanent et une proportion d'au moins un nanomatériau (2) comprenant des nanotubes afin d'améliorer les propriétés mécaniques du matériau magnétique (3),
    caractérisé en ce que
    les nanotubes sont des nanotubes de carbone, qui, sur leur surface externe, subissent une fonctionnalisation par la disposition de groupes terminaux OH, de groupes terminaux NH2 ou de métaux sur la surface externe.
  2. Matériau magnétique (3) selon la revendication 1,
    caractérisé en ce que
    la part en poids du nanomatériau (2) dans le matériau magnétique (3) est supérieure à 0,1 %, de préférence supérieure à 0,5 %, plus préférentiellement supérieure à 2 %, de préférence encore supérieure à 4 %.
  3. Matériau magnétique (3) selon la revendication 2,
    caractérisé en ce que
    la part en poids des nanotubes (2) dans le matériau magnétique (3) est inférieure à 35 %, de préférence inférieure à 20 %, plus préférentiellement inférieure à 8 %, de préférence encore inférieure à 6 %.
  4. Matériau magnétique (3) selon la revendication 2 ou 3,
    caractérisé en ce que
    les nanotubes (2) présentent un diamètre inférieur à 100 nm, de préférence encore inférieur à 10 nm.
  5. Matériau magnétique (3) selon la revendication 4,
    caractérisé en ce que
    les nanotubes (2) possèdent une longueur inférieure à 1,0 µm, de préférence inférieure à 0,5 µm.
  6. Matériau magnétique (3) selon l'une des revendications précédentes,
    caractérisé en ce que
    les nanotubes sont des nanotubes de carbone multi-parois.
  7. Matériau magnétique (3) selon l'une des revendications précédentes,
    caractérisé en ce que
    les métaux des terres rares (RE) comprennent au moins un élément du groupe néodyme, samarium, praséodyme, dysprosium, terbium, gadolinium.
  8. Matériau magnétique (3) selon l'une des revendications précédentes,
    caractérisé en ce que
    les métaux de transition (TM) comprennent au moins un élément du groupe fer, cobalt, nickel.
  9. Matériau magnétique (3) selon la revendication 7 ou 8,
    caractérisé en ce que
    le matériau destiné à générer un champ magnétique permanent dans le matériau magnétique (3) comprend du néodyme-fer-bore.
  10. Matériau magnétique (3) selon l'une des revendications précédentes,
    caractérisé en ce que
    le matériau magnétique (3) comprend des grains dont la taille ne dépasse pas 10 µm, de préférence dont la taille ne dépasse pas 7 µm.
  11. Aimant permanent (5) constitué d'un matériau magnétique (3) selon la revendication 1.
  12. Moteur électrique (6) ou palier magnétique (7) comprenant un aimant permanent (5) constitué d'un matériau magnétique (3) selon la revendication 1.
  13. Procédé de fabrication d'un aimant permanent selon la revendication 11, au moyen d'un matériau magnétique selon la revendication 1, comprenant les étapes de
    - mise à disposition (B1) d'une poudre magnétique (1) comprenant un ou plusieurs métaux des terres rares (RE) et un ou plusieurs métaux de transition (TM) ou alliages de métaux de transition (TML) ;
    - mise à disposition (B2) d'au moins un nanomatériau (2) comprenant des nanotubes de carbone, les nanotubes de carbone subissant, sur leur surface externe, une fonctionnalisation par la disposition de groupes terminaux OH, de groupes terminaux NH2 ou de métaux sur la surface externe ;
    - mélange (VM) de la poudre magnétique (1) avec une proportion de nanomatériau (2) mis à disposition appropriée pour obtenir les propriétés magnétiques et mécaniques souhaitées afin de mettre à disposition le matériau magnétique (3) ;
    - fabrication (HV) d'une préforme (4) à partir du matériau magnétique (3), au moyen d'étapes de broyage et de compression (M, P) appropriées, de préférence comprenant en outre une ou plusieurs étapes de fusion (S) ; et
    - frittage (SI) du matériau magnétique (3), au moyen d'étapes de frittage (SI) appropriées, pour fabriquer l'aimant permanent (5) à partir de la préforme (4).
  14. Procédé selon la revendication 13, comprenant en outre l'étape de broyage (M) du matériau magnétique (3) pour limiter la taille des grains du matériau magnétique (3) à une taille inférieure à 10 µm, de préférence inférieure à 7 µm.
  15. Procédé selon la revendication 13 ou 14, comportant en outre les étapes de
    - compression (P) du matériau magnétique (3) sous l'action d'un champ magnétique (MF) pour l'orientation anisotrope des moments magnétiques dans la préforme (4) ; et
    - frittage (SI) de la préforme (4) sous gaz protecteur ou sous vide à des températures comprises entre 1030 °C et 1100 °C.
  16. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 13 à 15, comprenant en outre un traitement thermique (TB) du matériau magnétique (3) comprimé une fois le frittage (SI) terminé, à une température comprise entre 600 °C et 900 °C.
EP15707559.9A 2014-02-10 2015-02-06 Matériau magnétique Active EP3105764B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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EP14154444 2014-02-10
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CN106783123A (zh) * 2016-11-21 2017-05-31 京磁材料科技股份有限公司 钕铁硼材料的低温烧结制备方法
CN112017834B (zh) * 2020-08-20 2023-03-17 合肥工业大学 一种高性能烧结钕铁硼磁体及其制备方法
CN113564664A (zh) * 2021-07-29 2021-10-29 合肥工业大学 一种烧结NdFeB磁体表面改性碳纳米管增强有机涂层的制备方法

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CN101430958B (zh) * 2008-08-21 2010-08-18 河北工业大学 Sm(Co,M)7型合金薄带磁体的制备方法
US20110031432A1 (en) * 2009-08-04 2011-02-10 The Boeing Company Mechanical improvement of rare earth permanent magnets
CN101552065B (zh) * 2008-12-24 2012-03-07 中国石油大学(华东) 氮化硼纳米管晶界相添加制备高强韧性磁体方法

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CN101552065B (zh) * 2008-12-24 2012-03-07 中国石油大学(华东) 氮化硼纳米管晶界相添加制备高强韧性磁体方法
US20110031432A1 (en) * 2009-08-04 2011-02-10 The Boeing Company Mechanical improvement of rare earth permanent magnets

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