Classifications

• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
  • B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
  • B24B9/00—Machines or devices designed for grinding edges or bevels on work or for removing burrs; Accessories therefor
  • B24B9/002—Machines or devices designed for grinding edges or bevels on work or for removing burrs; Accessories therefor for travelling workpieces
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
  • B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
  • B24B9/00—Machines or devices designed for grinding edges or bevels on work or for removing burrs; Accessories therefor
  • B24B9/02—Machines or devices designed for grinding edges or bevels on work or for removing burrs; Accessories therefor characterised by a special design with respect to properties of materials specific to articles to be ground
  • B24B9/06—Machines or devices designed for grinding edges or bevels on work or for removing burrs; Accessories therefor characterised by a special design with respect to properties of materials specific to articles to be ground of non-metallic inorganic material, e.g. stone, ceramics, porcelain

Definitions

• the present invention relates to an apparatus for working elements made of stone-like material, ceramic material, stone-resinoid agglomerate, glass and/or quartz-resinoid agglomerate and derivatives thereof or the like, even with high hardness.
• the invention relates to the field of mechanical technologies and industrial production, in that it relates to the provision of an innovative machine and adapted tools, which are also innovative, for the single-sided or double-sided dry grinding of porcelain stoneware, of single-fired unglazed ceramic (known as "monoporosa”), of natural stone, of refractory material, of cementitious agglomerate and of tile for building construction.
• monoporosa single-fired unglazed ceramic
• Apparatuses are known and widely used for working elements in stone-like material, ceramic material or the like, which are constituted by lines that have a frame for supporting a feeding belt that moves along an advancement direction and supports the elements to be worked, which are typically plate-like.
• the supporting frame has one or more working regions at which a series of bilateral working heads operate, the latter items being turned by motor means about a respective rotation axis.
• the working heads are typically constituted by circular tools, which have a working portion provided with abrasive material that is intended, in rotation, to come into contact with a region to be worked defined on the elements to be worked being advanced on the feeding belt.
• the grinding or squaring operations of a ceramic slab in porcelain stoneware or monoporosa, stone-like or vitreous material are generally divided into two types: according to the hardness of the material there is respectively a wet method and a dry method, the latter of which can be applied only to monoporosa since it is a material with low hardness.
• the existing apparatuses make it possible to perform the working exclusively with the use of a great quantity of water, which is necessary both for cooling the tools and for keeping them clean from the dust that derives from the working activity.
• the shape and the technical characteristics of the bilateral working heads can be varied as a function of the operations to be executed on the elements to be worked: in this regard, the working heads can execute operations of squaring, grinding, buffing, chamfering, engraving, etc..
• the known apparatuses are typically fitted with a cooling device which is constituted, as previously mentioned, by a water supply line.
• the supply line is fixed to the frame by way of supports and has ducts that lead into nozzles arranged at the bilateral working heads, in order to obtain both the cooling and the cleaning thereof.
• the elements to be worked are moved on the feeding belt, along the advancement direction, at a speed, as a function of the individual cases and especially of the hardness of the materials, that ranges from a minimum of 7 meters per minute, to the maximum speed of approximately 20/22 meters per minute and, with reference to working heads having a diameter comprised between 180 mm and 300 mm, in the solutions generally employed, their rotation speed about their own axes is comprised between 2,800 rpm and 4,500 rpm.
• the working heads used are constituted by a metallic supporting body, typically made of steel and disk-like in shape, which is provided with a work surface that carries the abrasive powder.
• the work surface comprises a layer of mixed abrasive powders, blended with a metallic or, very often, resinoid binder substance.
• the aim of the present invention is to eliminate, or at least to drastically reduce, the above mentioned drawbacks in apparatuses for working elements in stone-like material, ceramic material, vitreous material or the like, which operates completely dry with far lower production costs, and especially running costs, than the known solutions.
• Another object of the invention is to provide an apparatus for completely dry working, which makes it possible to appreciably increase the productivity of production lines.
• Another object of the invention is to devise a new technological method for working elements made of stone-like material, ceramic material, stone-resinoid agglomerate, glass and/or quartz-resinoid agglomerate and derivatives thereof or the like, even with high hardness.
• Figure 1 is a side elevation view of an apparatus for working elements made of stone-like material, ceramic material, stone-resinoid agglomerate, glass and/or quartz-resinoid agglomerate and derivatives thereof or the like;
• Figure 2 is a view from above of the apparatus in Figure 1 ;
• Figure 3 is a cross-sectional view of a device for generating compressed air;
• Figure 4 is a cutaway perspective view of a particular embodiment of a working head
• Figure 5 is an exploded cross-sectional view of the working head in
• the present invention relates to an apparatus, generally designated with the reference numeral 1 , for working elements made of stone-like material, ceramic material, stone-resinoid agglomerate, glass and/or quartz- resinoid agglomerate and derivatives thereof or the like, even with high hardness.
• the apparatus 1 comprises a supporting frame 2 that defines a resting surface 3 for the elements to be worked 10 and means of moving the elements to be worked 10 along an advancement direction 100.
• the supporting frame 2 supports at least one bilateral or monolateral working head 4, which is turned by motor means 5, which are conveniently constituted by respective electric motors fitted with inverters in order to regulate the speed, about a respective rotation axis 101.
• the working head 4 has at least one working portion 6, which is intended to make dry contact with a region to be worked 1 1 that is defined on the elements to be worked 10 that advance on the resting surface 3 at a working region 20.
• dry is used to mean that the apparatus 1 has no cooling device that works by way of a liquid, and nor do the working heads 4, or the material to be worked.
• the apparatus 1 is characterized in that:
• the elements to be worked 10 are moved, along the advancement direction 100 and at the working region 20, at a rate comprised between 10 meters/minute and 40 meters/minute;
• the monolateral or bilateral working head or heads 4 has/have a diameter comprised between 1 10 mm and 350 mm;
• the working head or heads 4 is/are turned about the respective rotation axis 101 at a rate comprised between 5,000 rpm and 20,000 rpm.
• the elements to be worked 10 are moved, along the advancement direction 100 and at the working region 20, at a rate comprised between 15 meters/minute and 40 meters/minute.
• the working head or heads 4 has/have a diameter comprised between 1 15 mm and 300 mm.
• the working heads 4 are turned about the respective rotation axis 101 at a rate comprised between 6,500 rpm and 15,000 rpm. It has been ascertained, following the tests carried out, that the increase in the speed of advancement of the elements to be worked 10 and of the rotation speed of the working head 4 makes it possible to reduce, dry, the wear of the working portion 6 thus increasing, among other things, the productivity of the apparatus 1 overall.
• the element to be worked 10 comprises a plate-like element.
• the main types of working heads 4 that can be used on the apparatus 1 according to the invention are the following.
• a first type of working head 4 comprises a metallic supporting body 4a, for example made of steel or aluminum, for supporting the working portion 6.
• the working portion 6 has an abrasive element and is obtained, for example, by sintering abrasive powder with metallic binder (sintered grinder).
• a second and preferable type of working head 4 has a metallic supporting body 4a, advantageously made of aluminum or alloys thereof, for supporting the working portion 6.
• the working portion 6 comprises an abrasive powder that is associated stably with the metallic body 4a by way of a step of heating to a specific temperature, a step of pressing of determined power and a subsequent special cooling step.
• the abrasive powder is selected from the group that comprises:
• the method for providing the working heads 4 is of the type described in patent application no. VR2012A000097 by the same Applicant.
• the apparatus 1 comprises, furthermore, means 30 of cooling the working heads 4.
• the cooling means 30 comprise at least one duct 31 that is connected functionally to a device 32 for generating compressed air, which is in turn connected directly to the shaft of the motor means.
• the device 32 can be constituted by a chamber within which can rotate a finned element 33 that defines, about its own rotation axis 103, sectors 33a, 33b, 33c of variable breadth so as to enable a compression of the air to be sent to the duct 31.
• air can be supplied to the duct in output from another device 32 which is associated with another motor, or the device 32 can be inserted in series on the same shaft(s) of the motor means so as to obtain, in output, an adequate pressure level.
• the device(s) 32 can be associated with the rotating shaft of one or more motors, both on one and on both of the sides of the apparatus 1.
• the air thus produced can be sent directly, through one or more ducts 31 , toward the working region 1 1 of the working heads 4, or it can be stored in a tank in order to then be distributed directly, or if necessary through a pressure reduction device, to the working heads 4.
• Such choice can be determined by the fact that, by increasing the number of the devices 32 that are used and/or by increasing the rpm of the motors, the production and the pressure of the air are increased appreciably and proportionally at the outlet point at the working region 20.
• the duct 31 is made to lead out at the region of contact between the working portion 6 of the working head 4 and the region to be worked 1 1 which is defined on the elements to be worked 10.
• the working heads 4 of the type described above tend not to overheat even at full operating speed and, thus, the flow of compressed air sent to the working region 1 1 is essentially in order to keep the abrasive surface substantially perfectly clean during operation.
• the apparatus 1 is further provided with a device for aspirating the dust produced during its dry operation.
• the working region 20 is in fact enclosed inside an enclosure, or working chamber, which is adapted to allow access in order to perform checking and/or maintenance operations.
• the enclosure is designed to prevent the dispersion of the dust in the environment.
• the dust in fact is sucked into adapted containers through tubes that have respective suction openings arranged inside the enclosure and/or at the protective housing of the working heads 4.
• the dust recovered is then sent directly to firms whose task is to recover it and reuse it in the production process, since it does not contain residues of resinoid binders.
• the working head 4 is selected from the group that comprises:
• the present invention relates to a method for working elements made of stone-like material, ceramic material, stone-resinoid agglomerate, glass and/or quartz-resinoid agglomerate and derivatives thereof or the like, even with high hardness, which comprises:
• the elements to be worked 10 are moved, along the advancement direction 100 and at the working region 20, at a rate comprised between 10 meters/minute and 40 meters/minute.
• the working head or heads 4 has/have a diameter comprised between 1 10 mm and 350 mm and are turned about the respective rotation axis 101 at a rate comprised between 5,000 rpm and 20,000 rpm.
• the elements to be worked 10 are moved, along the advancement direction 100 and at the working region 20, at a rate comprised between 15 meters/minute and 40 meters/minute.
• the working head or heads 4 has/have a diameter comprised between
• the present invention relates to a working head 4 that comprises a metallic supporting body 4a, for example made of steel, for supporting the working portion 6.
• the working portion 6 has an abrasive element and is obtained, for example, by sintering abrasive powder with metallic binder (sintered grinder).
• the metallic body 4a is associated, at the other end with respect to the working portion 6, with a body 4b for fixing to the means of moving the working head 4.
• the mutual fixing between the fixing body 4b and the metallic supporting body 4a is done by way of a plurality of threaded connection bodies 4f.
• the fixing body 4b is made, advantageously, of a different metal or of a different metallic alloy to the one from which the metallic supporting body 4a is made.
• the fixing body 4b is made of aluminum.
• the isolation lamina 4c is made of copper or of copper alloy; however, there is no reason why the isolation lamina 4c cannot be made of polymeric material.
• the isolation lamina 4c has a thickness comprised between 0.1 mm and 0.3 mm.
• a gasket element 4e Interposed between the isolation lamina 4c and the fixing body 4b is a gasket element 4e.
• the gasket element 4e comprises at least one O-ring.
• the gasket element 4e can also be interposed between the isolation lamina 4c and the metallic supporting body 4a.
• the working head 4 is thus produced, with associated elements, in order to eliminate any vibrations that cause an acoustic resonance that bothers the personnel overseeing the machine and other people besides, thus making the entire work environment more comfortable and safeguarding the health of people who work in the area.
• the muds produced are classified as toxic waste owing to the presence of binders, especially resinoid binders, which come from inside the working portions 6 of the working heads 4;

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
• Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
• Processing Of Stones Or Stones Resemblance Materials (AREA)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Publications (1)

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• 2015
  • 2015-02-06 EP EP15710897.8A patent/EP3105008A1/de not_active Withdrawn
  • 2015-02-06 WO PCT/IB2015/050905 patent/WO2015118490A1/en active Application Filing

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