EP3102523A1

EP3102523A1 - Measuring system and measuring method for testing the catching device of an elevator

Info

Publication number: EP3102523A1
Application number: EP15703560.1A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Matthias Gehrke
Original assignee: Dekra eV
Current assignee: Dekra eV
Priority date: 2014-02-05
Filing date: 2015-02-05
Publication date: 2016-12-14
Anticipated expiration: 2035-02-05
Also published as: DE102014101381B4; DE102014101381A1; DK3102523T3; EP3102523B1; HRP20221153T1; ES2922181T3; WO2015118064A1

Abstract

The invention relates to a method and to a system (10) for determining a characteristic value K of a catching device (26) of a cable elevator (100). In order to perform the method: in a first step (S1), a catching force F Fang of the catching device (26) is determined for a nominal speed v nenn of a downward run of an unloaded elevator cab (18) having an empty weight m FK, wherein a braking deceleration a Fang_leer > 1g must be achieved; in a second step (S2), a test speed v test > v nenn, at which test speed a test load of the catching (26) and of the cable elevator (100) that can be predetermined occurs, is determined in dependence on the catching force F Fang; in a third step (S3), a test run is performed at the determined test speed v test, wherein the elevator cab (18) having the empty weight m FK is unloaded, wherein a relative position change ∆s of the elevator cab (18) in relation to the counterweight (16) is recorded; in a fourth step (S4), an evaluation is performed in order to determine whether the recorded relative position change ∆s satisfies an achievement of the predetermined test load of the cable elevator (100), and the desired characteristic value K is determined. The proposed measuring device comprises at least an elevator-cab distance measuring device (30) and a second counterweight distance measuring device (52) and/or a counterweight acceleration sensor (32), a relative-position sensing device (52), and an analyzing device (54) for determining the characteristic value K.

Description

Measuring system and measuring method

for testing the safety gear of an elevator

The invention relates to a measuring system and a measuring method for determining a characteristic None safety gear of a cable lift according to the preamble of the independent claims.

STATE OF THE ART

In general, a cable lift comprises a guided in an elevator car cabin, which is connected via a cable, which is connected via a traction sheave and connected to a counterweight. The counterweight typically has the mass of the elevator car plus half the rated load of the elevator. The elevator car is guided along a cabin guide, in particular a guide linkage in an elevator shaft. At the cabin a safety device is provided, which is to prevent the crash of a cabin, for example, in case of cable breakage or failure of a brake. If the permissible speed of the elevator car is exceeded, a centrifugal or speed controller triggers the safety gear. Friction linings between the safety gear and the track brakes the movement of the car. After installing a cable lift, various tests must be carried out to ensure safe operation. In addition, tests of safety-relevant parts must be carried out during repetitive tests during operation on the basis of test regulations, such as the Lifts Directive. A central test instruction is aimed at testing the safety gear, in which the effectiveness of the safety gear is checked as the central safety device of the cable lift.

According to EN 528, when operating the safety gear, no acceleration forces> 3 g may occur in order not to injure persons in the lift. The safety gears must be checked at regular intervals, and in particular when placed on the market. For the test, it has hitherto been customary for weights to be introduced into the elevator car which are of the order of magnitude of the rated load of the elevator and for which the safety gear was manually released when driving at rated speed in order to determine the braking deceleration or the response of the safety gear to eat. Since the cabin is loaded with high load, braking delays <1 g regularly occur.

Such testing requires the teaching and loading of test weights, the handling of which is tedious and cumbersome. A high level of human effort and logistical effort is required in order to lift the respective weights, which make up several 100 kg, to the elevator and then transport them off again. Furthermore, the high mass and the high braking forces that are exerted on the essential parts of the elevator, in particular the safety gear, the cable, the car holder, the brake device and the traction sheave, are excessive, so that a high mechanical load and wear is expected from the test.

Based on the previous test methods for safety gear a test method is proposed below, in which by a weightless test in a cabin ride at increased speed a characteristic ^"of the safety gear detected and thus the reliability of the safety gear can be determined.

The basis of a safety gear check is to ensure the absorption of high kinetic energy to ensure that the safety gear functions reliably in extreme cases. Thus, when a load of additional mass in an elevator car is not ensured that a comparable safety gear in different lifts at the same loadings to the same extent can be tested for their functionality.

Is a cable lift, as shown schematically in FIG. 1, with a Load m _L 20 loaded, and is a deceleration, for example by means of the safety gear with a delay of aF _ANG _L <1 g, so the mass of the counterweight m _GG 16 plays a crucial role that significantly influences the energy consumed by the safety gear. The cable 14, which connects the cabinet 18 to the counterweight 16, is guided over a traction sheave 12, as is usual with cable elevators. The catching force that a safety gear has to absorb in the constellation shown in FIG. 1 is given by the following formula:

) * 8 +) * where aFangj- describes the delay caused by the safety gear.

Accordingly, the delay applied by the safety gear is given by:

) * g

"^"" (2)

m _FK + m _L + m _GG where FFang represents the force applied by the safety gear, m _FK the mass of the elevator car 18, m _L the mass of the loaded load, m _GG the mass of the counterweight and g the gravitational acceleration 9,81 m / s ² .

Assuming a typical 3000 N trapping force, the mass of an elevator car of 1, 000 kg, the mass of the counterweight of 1, 500 kg and a payload of 1, 250 kg, for example, a delay of a _F - ang_L = 0, 6 g of safety gear. With this delay, the delay path SL results as:

- * v (3)

= a * i where a rated speed _{vnenn of} the elevator car is assumed. This results in a delay path s _L of: SL ^ nenn ^)>

^ * Λ ^u ίFang _L at the above values a delay path of 85 mm at a nominal speed of m / s results.

If one considers the energetic conditions of the testing of the safety gear when the load is loaded, then the following absorbed energy of the safety gear, which is converted into heat, results according to the calculation rule energy = force x We:

F _F ang _ L, which in our example gives a consumed energy of 2,500 J. The energy conservation law of mechanics applies to the individual components of the cable lift. Before the start of the fishing test, the counterweight has a kinetic energy of:

Ε k, in, _{l_r} G _r G = -m 88 ) I ² ( ^v 7) and the elevator car has a kinetic energy of E _{kinl FK} = ^ * (m _FK + m _L ) * (v _nem f (8)) After completion of the braking operation, the counterweight has an increase in the potential energy from on:

and the elevator car has a change in the potential energy of:

E _{pot2 FK} = (m _FK + m _L ) * g * (-s _L ) (10)

Taking into account the above-mentioned formula (5) for the braking distance SL results in an energy balance, which reflects the difference of the two kinetic energies minus the difference of the change of the two potential energies according to the following formula: E ^J Fang E 'KiA_GG + E' KiA_FK E _r E,

(11) ^A catch_L

It is clearly seen that the mass of the counterweight and the mass of the elevator cabin when running at rated speed _nominal v decisively contributes to the mass of consumed energy of the catch device, so that different from consuming the same mass senzuladung m _L in various elevators with different counterweights and cabin weights Energies of the braking device occur. Thus, with a defined payload of, for example, 125% of the rated load of an elevator car, it can never be guaranteed that the same braking energy will be tested. The previous test method with load of additional masses thus results in different elevators to different results, since the mass of the counterweight and the mass of the elevator car is an essential role in the determination of the consumable braking energy or the achievable acceleration forces by the safety gear. A test, as was customary in the prior art, provides no comparable results and depends on the design and construction of the respective cable lift.

The basis for a new, improved examination procedure is the following considerations:

If, in a first measuring procedure, a check is made of the catching force of an unloaded elevator car, then acceleration forces aF _{ang =} 1 g can be achieved when the safety gear is triggered since the mass of the elevator car is substantially smaller than during loading, so that higher deceleration accelerations are achieved when the safety gear is triggered can be. If higher deceleration accelerations than 1 g are achieved, then the influence of the counterweight can be neglected, since this is thrown up during a trapping process and no counterweight the rope exercises. The counterweight is thus in the short-term weightless state, and the safety gear only delays the weight of the elevator car. This then results in a force acting on the cabin catching force of

FFan _g = m _FK * g + m _FK * a _{Catch empty} (12), which in case of a mass of the elevator car m _F K = 1 .000 kg and a braking deceleration of 3F-angjeer = 2g measurable by a position determination a catch force F _Fa n _g of 3,000 N, since the influence of the counterweight can be neglected. To determine the catch delay, for example, an accelerometer can be used, or by an optical elevator tester, as described in EP 2 221 268 A1, are used. Knowing the catch force aFangjeer the safety gear in the unloaded state can be calculated how fast the car must go to consume in a second fishing a brake energy to be tested, so that the required mechanical load of the brake device and the other components are tested safely can. So is in an empty elevator car and the method with the rated speed of m / s consumes an energy of:

v

ß ₌ nsss. * ρ fi T)

Catch _leer ^ catch ^ ^

^ Fang _leer which gives above values an energy to be consumed by the safety gear of 750 N at nominal travel.

If, in a second step, the elevator car is moved at an increased speed, for example at a speed of ₄₀ % of 140% of the rated speed _vn , where a speed limiter which triggers the safety gear on the elevator car at overspeed results in a speed Catch energy at increased speed (assuming the deceleration remains with a _Fa _g > 1 g, so that the mass of the counterweight does not matter) of ( ^V 140%) * p ₍ ,

^J Fang _leer _140% ή. ¹ FFaanngs ^> - ^ catch _empty

( ^V 140%)

^J catch _leer _1Λ0% ~ ( ^m FK * a _catch _ _empty + m _FK * g) (15)

^ Catch _empty

The energy consumed at the increased speed can thus be increased, and depends on the initially determined traction force and the quadrant of the increased driving speed: f ( ^l40% ) * f Π 6

^ Fang eer _140% ^ ¹ Fang \ ⁱ >).

^ Catch _empty

In our example, with an excessive velocity of v = 140% = 1.4 m / s, the capture energy is 1 .400 J.

Thus, as long as the achievable catching delay when triggering the safety gear and empty cabin aF _ang > 1 g is set by setting different speeds of the elevator car different trapping energies so that the effectiveness of the safety gear regardless of the mass of the counterweight or the achievable acceleration by the Safety gear can be tested. Thus, when driving at excessive speed and when the cab is empty, a characteristic value of the safety gear or a catch energy to be checked can be determined, which is independent of the design of the elevator car.

As a result, it can be stated that a test with weights added, so that the deceleration due to the high mass is generally a <1 g, and the mass of the counterweight plays a decisive role, ensures different test conditions for different elevators and thus disadvantageous. It can be stated that a test of the safety gear according to the conventional method, in which driven at rated speed and only increased deceleration of the elevator car braking deceleration aF _ang <1 g are achieved, converted part of the braking energy from the safety gear into heat and another Use part of it It will raise the counterweight and thus store potential energy. Thus, a safety gear which provides a high deceleration effect and thus achieves a short deceleration path, converts a small amount of energy into heat, with only a small amount of energy flowing into a positional change of the counterweight. With a relatively weak safety gear, which requires a long deceleration path, more energy flows into the lifting of the counterweight, whereby a high amount of heat energy has to be absorbed by the long deceleration path. The amount of energy that is converted into heat by the safety gear during the test is thus highly dependent on the catching delay. Thus, the load on the safety gear in the test with an overload of, for example, 125% of the nominal cabin load is disadvantageous, since the load for the components to be tested varies very differently. It is therefore a fallacy that the same loading conditions for elevators make the same conditions for the safety gear. Another disadvantage is that in a safety test with overload high mechanical loads of the catch housing can occur and cause damage. In an emergency, a safety gear could be severely damaged, so that it fails in an emergency. The current EN-81 standard requires that a cab loaded with 100% rated load be allowed to decelerate with no more than 0.2 g and no more than 1 g of rope. As the above example shows, with an empty cab and an excessive speed, accelerations of 1 g to no more than 2.5 g can be achieved, with the counterweight and the rope exerting no influence, and thus the entire kinetic energy must be consumed by the safety gear , which leads to comparable results in the catch test.

FIG. 3 shows, by way of example, a diagram of the catching force in safety gears which can apply an acceleration of 8 to 38 m / s ² for an empty driving cab. A weak safety gear that is only a low Delay reached, if the elevator car is loaded with increased mass, would have to absorb a thermal energy of E _Fa ng = 3,000 J. A strong high deceleration gear would consume about 50% less energy. Thus, the previous test method can not provide a uniform standard for different elevator configurations. The safety gear overload test gives no information about how much the safety gear is actually decelerating. This gives rise to the risk of incorrect settings of the safety gear, so that it also unintentionally triggers the safety gear in normal operation, or a safety gear set too hard can pose a risk of injury to the passengers. In a test with an empty elevator car and a rated speed of 140%, a catch test can be established without the counterweight influencing and thus independent of the type of lift. Thus, the behavior of the safety gear in an emergency can be effective and comparable check.

From DE 10 2009 028 596 A1 a measuring system for determining a characteristic value of a safety gear of a cable lift is known, which comprises an optical distance measuring device for determining a distance of an elevator car to a fixed point, in particular a hoistway mine.

WO 2012 1 19 889 A1 describes a test of a proper functioning of an elevator, in which both an optical distance measuring device for determining a distance of an elevator car or a counterweight to a fixed point is provided, and an acceleration sensor is included. The acceleration sensor is attached to the same object whose distance is measured by the distance measuring device, and is used to increase the accuracy of the optical distance measurement. In DE 91 1 6 466 U1 a cable lift with a first and a second distance measuring device is known, which serve for detecting the position of the elevator car. There is no consideration for a safety gear.

The object of the invention is therefore to propose a test method and a measuring system which, regardless of the design and the mass ratios of the cable lift, results in the same characteristic values K of safety gear to be tested. Thus, a simpler, cheaper and more reliable test can be carried out without the additional load of additional weights.

A further object of the present invention is to propose a system and a method with which the effectiveness of the catch test can be determined in an unloaded elevator car, so that a test of the safety gear is gentler, faster and cheaper to carry out.

The present object is achieved by a measuring system and a method according to the features of the independent claims. Advantageous embodiments are the subject of the subclaims.

DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION

According to the invention, the measuring system for determining a characteristic value K of a safety gear of a cable lift comprises at least one distance measuring device for determining a distance s of an elevator car and / or a counterweight to a fixed point, in particular an elevator shaft excavation. The system further comprises a second distance measuring device and / or an acceleration sensor, a relative position detection device for detecting a relative position change As between the elevator car and counterweight at the conclusion of a travel of the elevator car by braking action of the safety gear, and an analysis device for determining at least one characteristic value K of the safety gear, prefers a catch energy E _Fa n _g , at standstill reached the elevator car and the counterweight based on the course of the relative position change As between the elevator car and counterweight.

In other words, the measuring system comprises a distance measuring device for determining a distance s of an elevator car and / or a counterweight to a fixed point, so that the kinematic behavior of the elevator car, ie position, speed and acceleration of the elevator car during the safety test can be detected. Likewise, a distance measuring device picks up the position, acceleration and speed of the counterweight during the safety test. The second distance measuring device or an acceleration sensor are provided to determine the kinematic behavior of the counterweight or the elevator car, wherein a relative position means can determine a relative position change As between elevator car and counterweight at the conclusion of the ride of the elevator car under the action of the braking device. This allows the relative position change of counterweight to the elevator car to be quantified during the course of the catching test. An analysis device determines a characteristic value K, in particular the catch energy E _Fa n _g , which is reached by the safety gear as soon as the elevator car and counterweight come to a standstill after completion of the test drive, based on this relative position change As between the elevator car and the counterweight.

In other words, a measuring system is proposed, which reaches in operation at an overspeed of the cabin ride, so that the counterweight by the influence of an increased catch delay aFang> 1 g in the short term loses rope tension and jumps up. The height of the counterweight's upward speed provides a measure of the catching delay in order to determine, based on the catching delay, the energy to be consumed for a given speed of the elevator car, which is picked up by the safety gear. Thus, the measuring system can be used without flow of the counterweight determine a check of the functioning of the safety gear, which does not depend on the design of the lift.

The distance measuring device can be designed as desired, and for example take position data from an elevator control. Advantageously, the distance measuring device can be designed as or include a distance measuring device based on an acceleration sensor or a camera, which can detect a change in distance from the fixed point, in particular the elevator shaft mine chamber, or a distance measurement of an optical distance measuring device on the basis of an acceleration measurement or image data recognition can improve. Thus, a distance measuring device can be provided on the basis of an acceleration measurement by means of acceleration sensors or on the basis of a camera image with subsequent image data or video data analysis, so that recorded acceleration values, which can reflect the position of an elevator car in two integrated fashion, or an image A / ideodatenbasierte position determination Cab be used. It is conceivable to provide an acceleration sensor and / or a video camera in the elevator car and an acceleration sensor and / or a video camera on the counterweight for the safety device test, wherein a comparison of the acceleration characteristics of both acceleration sensors upon activation of the safety gear gives a measure of the relative position change As , It makes sense to use a modern smartphone or a tablet PC for collecting the image data / video data and / or acceleration data, which already includes these sensor types and can provide acceleration measurement values and image / video data with sufficient accuracy. A measuring device with such functions can be very easily arranged in the cabin and / or on the counterweight, and collect position data. A data evaluation can be done in the meter, or also wired or wirelessly forwarded to an external evaluation device. It is conceivable to transfer the measured position data of the measuring device to a cloud storage from which this data can be retrieved by an external evaluation device and evaluated, for example, for the creation of a test protocol and further analysis.

In an advantageous embodiment, the distance measuring device may be an optical distance measuring device, for example a distance measuring device already known from EP 2 221 268 A1, which is arranged at the fixed point, in particular in the hoistway pit space or at the elevator car, and which emits an optical measuring beam which is reflected on a preferably removably attachable optical reflector on a lower or upper side of the elevator car and / or the counterweight, wherein preferably the optical distance measuring device adjusting means for preferably self-aligning alignment of the optical measuring beam to the reflector surrounds. By an optical distance measuring device, a non-contact determination of the position, the speed and the acceleration of the elevator car or the counterweight can be made. If two optical distance measuring devices are used, one for the elevator car and one for the counterweight, the relative position change As can be easily determined. In this way, all kinematic parameters can be determined in the course of testing the safety gear in order to be able to unambiguously determine the characteristic value K of the safety gear. The optical distance measuring device can be housed, for example, in a portable measuring device that can be temporarily arranged in the hoistway pit or on the roof of the elevator car, so that it can be easily transported for measurement purposes and attached by a single person. The creation of heavy weights and the associated logistical effort are not necessary.

In an advantageous embodiment, the system may comprise an acceleration sensor arranged on the counterweight, for example magnetically attachable sensor, and the distance measuring device may be set up be to measure the distance s between the elevator car and the fixed point, wherein the relative position detecting means is arranged based on the course of the distance s of the elevator car relative to the fixed point and an acceleration value a _G o of the counterweight arranged acceleration sensor to determine the relative position change As. Thus, the position, speed and acceleration of the elevator car can be recorded by a distance measuring device, wherein an acceleration sensor SGG is arranged on the counterweight, and based on the acceleration values that occur at the counterweight, the relative position change As together with the analysis of the distance s between the elevator car and fixed point are used to determine the characteristic of the safety gear. An acceleration sensor can be easily attached to a counterweight and, for example, can be magnetically attached, and reliably record the data in the rough conditions in the elevator shaft. In a further development of the invention, a gyrometer and / or an acceleration sensor can be arranged on the elevator car, which can determine a tilting of the elevator car, and the analysis device can be set up to determine an uneven braking action of the safety gear on the basis of the determined tilting. A gyrometer or another acceleration sensor can detect the vertical acceleration of the elevator car directly on the one hand, and also detect a horizontal tilting of the elevator car in the elevator shaft through a two or three-axis determination, thus making it possible to detect uneven action of the safety gear. For example, if one of several safety gears responds more than the others, then twisting or tilting of the elevator car inevitably results in the course of the safety test, so that uneven operation due to wear on one or more safety gears can be identified. This allows more accurate data on the effectiveness of all safety gear on the elevator car. In an advantageous development, the acceleration sensor and / or the gyrometer and the distance measuring device may comprise an internal data memory for temporal measured value recording, wherein the analysis device is set up to determine the characteristic value K after completion of a measuring process, a time assignment of the measured values of acceleration sensor and / or gyrometer and Distance measuring device to perform by cross-correlation. If one or more acceleration sensors or gyroscopes are used and, in addition, a distance measuring device, which is arranged in particular in the hoistway pit chamber or on the roof of the elevator car, the recorded data must be synchronized with one another in terms of time. This can be done, for example, in that both the acceleration sensor / gyrometer and the distance measuring device have their own internal clock and store the recorded measured values in a time sequence, wherein in a postprocessing step the analysis device correlates the time-based measured values of the acceleration sensor / gyrometer and the distance measuring device with one another in a temporal relationship which is done via a cross-correlation. As a result, the data from the sensors will be merged only later and evaluated after completion of the measurement data collection. Since the data are based on different time bases - each sensor usually has an independent and different timer - advantageously the time bases adapted to each other, for example by means of a least-square FITs, in particular a non-linear least-square FITs related to each other to improve the accuracy of the measurement result. For this purpose, the start and end points of the time base are assigned to one another, and the other intermediate time values are transmitted according to their scale position to a uniform time scale. As a result, Y measured values on different X-axes-in this case time scales-can be reproduced with high precision to one another by a single physical process-in this case, the catching process of an elevator-independently of one another working sensors with high precision.

A cross-correlation allows the correlation of two time-dependent signals at different time shifts between two signals x (t) and y (t) and is represented by a correlation function: R _xy {T) = \ in _T ^ - \ x (t) y (t + r (17)

F -T _F / 2 described. The cross-correlation function enables the assignment of signal values of different sensors to one another, provided that the signals are subject to a common influence, here for example the influence of the braking effect, which influence the elevator car and counterweight in the same way. Thus, acceleration values of the counterweight can be correlated in time with acceleration values of the elevator car, even if both are recorded with different and independent time bases in order to assign the two sensor values to one another. In this way, an asynchronous time recording of acceleration values of the counterweight and position or acceleration values of the elevator car can be made, which can subsequently be connected to one another in the analysis device by cross-correlation. This makes it possible to attach two or more sensors independently of each other in the system and to compare their data in a joint analysis with each other, so that a cabling or a time-synchronous data exchange during the testing process is not necessary. In particular, mean-free intermediate values of the sensors, which have no offset, and represent only changes of external processes, instead of data with equal value, are suitable as data for the cross-correlation. Thus, a correlation of acceleration or velocity or correlated values instead of position values is to be preferred.

According to the aforementioned embodiment, it may be advantageous that the acceleration sensor and / or the gyrometer can be temporarily connected to the analysis device via a contact unit for data exchange, wherein the analysis device is preferably included in the distance measuring device designed as a transportable device. This embodiment proposes that after completion of a capture test, the time-based measured values of acceleration sensor or gyrometer attached to the elevator car and / or the counterweight, with the analysis of a contact unit, such as a USB port, connectors, Bluetooth or other temporarily connectable Contact connections for data exchange are connectable. The analysis device may be located in a portable device in which the distance measuring device is installed, so that in the portable distance measuring device device, the overall analysis can be performed.

As an alternative to the above-mentioned summary of the measured values of the various sensors, data transmission between the acceleration sensor and / or the gyrometer and the distance measuring device can take place wirelessly, in particular by radio transmission via radio antennas. Here, for example, on the basis of a single time scale synchronous time during the execution of the Fangprüfung or based on multiple time scales and a subsequent correlation step contactless data exchange takes place, so that acceleration and position data based on the same time scale. The data exchange can expediently take place via a radio transmission, for example via WLAN, NFC, Bluetooth or the like.

In an advantageous development, at least one, in particular a plurality of force measuring devices can be included, which are set up to measure a weight force m _F K of the elevator car and / or a weight force m _G G of the counterweight, and those with the analysis device for determining the characteristic value ^"of the catch device are connected. For the determination of the characteristic value K, in particular of the fielding force _Fa e n _g is knowledge of at least the mass se of the elevator car m _F K but also the counterweight m _G G advantageous. To determine these masses, these can either be entered manually or measured directly. For this purpose, it is advisable to provide one or in particular a plurality of force-measuring devices, preferably load cells, which can be placed on the buffers of the elevator car or counterweight and, when the counterweight or elevator car is lowered, determine their mass directly. Thus, even if the technical specifications of the elevator are not present, the mass parameters can be measured, so that an exact determination of the catching force of the safety gear is made possible even with structural changes to the cabin or counterweight.

In a secondary aspect, the invention proposes a method for characterizing a safety gear of a cable lift, which can preferably be carried out using a system according to one of the aforementioned system claims. For this purpose is

in a first step (S1) a catching force F _Fa n _{g of} the safety gear at nominal speed v _nenn a downward travel of an unloaded elevator car with curb weight m _F K determined, with a braking deceleration aFangjeer> 1 g can be achieved; - In a second step (S2), a test speed i _test> V _nominal, depending on the fielding force FF _HS and / or a braking deceleration a - angjeer determined at which a predeterminable test loading of the catch device and the traction elevators occurs?;

- In a third step (S3), a further test run with the test speed i th certain _test> V _nominal at unloaded elevator car with

Empty weight m _FK carried out, wherein a relative position change As is taken from the elevator car to the counterweight;

Finally, in a fourth step (S4) an assessment is made leads, whether the recorded Relativpositionsänderung As satisfies a reaching the predetermined test load of the cable lift, and the desired characteristic value is determined.

In a first step, the method described above determines a catching force or a catching delay of the safety gear during a downward travel of an unloaded elevator car with the rated speed and empty weight m _F K. If the braking deceleration aFangjeer is> 1 g, then the influence of the counterweight is none Roller, because this flies upwards due to the inertia and exerts no influence during the braking process. Depending on the determined catch force or the braking deceleration, a further test speed i test can be determined in a second step in order to achieve a predetermined test load or predetermined load energy of the safety gear. In a third step, a test drive is carried out with this test speed i test in order to expose this safety energy or test load to the safety gear. In this case, in a fourth step, a relative position change As between high-flying counterweight and the elevator car is determined in order to verify that the desired load is reached or the acceleration forces and braking energies are achieved and thus the safety gear and the other elevator components fulfill the preset characteristic value ,

By the first test drive with rated speed v _nenn the maximum catch force or the braking deceleration of the safety gear is determined. Based on these values, a test braking energy that the safety gear and the entire system has to absorb can be determined by determining a test speed i _tes t. In a further ride with this test speed i test all relevant components of the elevator are subjected to these energies, so that a reliable test of the safety gear can be performed. The system can be operated without additional loads and only by determining the relative position between the elevator car and the be carried out. The basic requirement is that the safety gear allows braking delays of aFang> 1 g, so that the counterweight is irrelevant, and this is ensured by observing the relative position change. The system can be checked in a short time with a minimum of hardware and only by a single person.

In an advantageous development, the relative position change As from the elevator car to the counterweight can be determined by correlating measured values of an optical distance device, which measures a distance s of the elevator car from a fixed point, and a second distance measuring device, which establishes a distance between a fixed point and the counterweight acceleration sensor arranged on the counterweight can be determined, the measured values of the movement of the elevator car and counterweight preferably being temporally associated with one another in a post-processing step by means of cross-correlation. The combination of the time-based measurements of the kinematic behavior of the elevator car and counterweight can be processed by means of cross-correlation in a post-processing step, so that no real-time data comparison between the various sensors is necessary. This simplifies the measurement recording and makes it possible, for example, to carry out a number of measurement runs, with a subsequent evaluation being carried out only at the end. By means of the cross-correlation, the time bases of the different measured values can be assigned to one another with high accuracy.

Advantageously, with respect to the above-mentioned optical distance measuring device, alternatively or additionally to determining the relative position change As at least one distance s between the elevator car and / or the counterweight and a fixed reference point, in particular the elevator shaft pit space by means of a distance measuring device used an acceleration sensor or an optical camera become. The data of the Acceleration sensors can at least, as proposed in WO 2012 1 19889 A, be used to determine or improve the accuracy of the position determination of the optical distance measuring device. Additionally and alternatively, a change in the position of the elevator car or of the counterweight can be determined from the acceleration values or video and / or image data of the camera by means of an image data processing method. The acceleration sensor or the camera are mounted on the car and / or on the counterweight and by a position change, eg by two times integration of the acceleration value or an image comparison / video comparison with respect to a reference point, a position data change can be determined. The measuring device used for this purpose may be a smartphone, tablet PC or the like, which already has such sensors. The collected data can be evaluated in the meter or sent to a cloud or an external meter for analysis, archiving.

In an advantageous development of the fielding force Ff _HS determined can be compared _to g_oid from a database with an archived fielding force Ff, and a deviation of the catching forces can be determined and evaluated. For this purpose, the distance measuring device or the analysis device may include a database of already determined measured values of the catching force or the catching energy at the same speeds in order to indicate an aging process or a wear.

In an advantageous variant of the measuring method, at least one distance s between the elevator car and / or the counterweight and a fixed reference point, in particular the elevator shaft mine chamber, can be determined by means of an optical distance measuring device to determine the relative position change As. Is the distance measuring device not based on a mechanical displacement sensor but on an optical scanning of the distance, Thus, the kinematic behavior of the elevator car and / or the counterweight can be detected with high accuracy and with little effort. The measuring process can be carried out quickly and temporarily set up or dismantled without major effort of the measuring apparatus. Thus, the measuring method can be performed quickly and easily.

In an advantageous embodiment of the method, at least one vertical acceleration component 3FK of the elevator car and / or SGG of the counterweight can be detected and evaluated by an acceleration sensor to determine the relative position change As. In this embodiment, the relative position change As is determined as a function of at least one vertical acceleration component which is detected at the elevator car or at the counterweight. This allows a simplified determination of the relative position change, since acceleration can be detected by a central sensor that does not require a reference position. As a result, in particular the relative movement of the counterweight relative to the elevator car can be easily detected.

In an advantageous development of the measuring method, a rotational or twisting movement of the elevator car along the guide rail can be detected by means of a gyrometer or acceleration sensor in order to determine an uneven effect of the safety gear. Thus, an acceleration sensor can be designed as a two- or three-axis sensor which detects, for example, a vertical acceleration component and detects one or two components lying in a horizontal plane in parallel, which provide information as to whether or not two or more safety gears uniformly decelerate the elevator car. As a result, the uniform and non-uniform effect of the safety gear can be detected and, for example, an uneven wear of the various safety gear can be determined. A detected vertical acceleration component of the elevator car can be used, the accuracy of a measuring device to improve certain distance.

In a further advantageous embodiment, to determine the weight force m _F K of the elevator car and / or weight force m _G G of the counterweight, at least one force measuring device, preferably at least one load cell, can be provided by discharging the elevator car and / or the counterweight on a buffer measures the weight. For the exact determination of the braking deceleration and the consumed braking energy of the safety gear, it is important to know the masses, in particular the elevator car m _FK and the counterweight m _GG . These can be entered manually, for example, since they are already known during the installation of the elevator system. An accurate determination of the weights which can be detected independently of preliminary information can be carried out by a force measuring device, preferably one or more load cells, which are placed on the buffers of the elevator system in the shaft pit, for example, whereby the elevator car and / or the counterweight can be placed on the load cells to determine their masses. Thus, deviating masses are detected, in particular in structural changes of the elevator system, so that an exact determination of the characteristic of the catcher is possible. According to the above embodiment, which propose the use of one or more force measuring devices for determining the weight of counterweight and elevator car, it may further be advantageous that in a further step, a load scale of the cable elevator is calibrated, whereby by increasing loading of the elevator car and recording the Weight of the elevator car by the force measuring device and the load scale calibration of the load scale can be made. Usually cable lifts have load scales that monitor a loading state of the elevator car and can make a warning signal or a deactivation of the elevator system in the event of an overload. To such a Calibrating load scales, it was previously necessary to load at least two or more known weights in the elevator car to compare the known weight with the display of the load scale in order to calibrate the load scale. By using force measuring devices, the method can also be used to perform a calibration of the load scale, this one or more weight measuring steps in the process are feasible.

In principle, the method is suitable for determining a characteristic value of a safety gear. Furthermore, it may be possible in a further method step, when driving with an unloaded elevator car, to determine a characteristic value of a service brake by analyzing the course of the distance s between the elevator car and a fixed point. Thus, when operating the elevator car at a normal speed v _nominal, the service brake can be activated and its deceleration can be checked by measuring the distance by means of the distance measuring device. As a result, the effectiveness of the service brake can be determined and, for example, in the case of wear or due to aging, an indication of the condition of the service brake can be output.

Thus, the method can be used not only to determine a characteristic for the safety gear, but also for the verification of a load scale or the state of the service brake. As a result, an easily usable and quickly installable measuring system and measuring method can be performed in order to be able to check in particular safety-relevant parameters of a cable lift system.

DRAWINGS

Further advantages result from the present description of the drawing. In the drawings, embodiments of the invention are shown. The The drawing, the description and the claims contain numerous features in combination. The person skilled in the art will expediently also consider the features individually and combine them into meaningful further combinations. Show it:

1 is a schematic representation of a cable lift 100 with physical characterization of the masses and accelerations to illustrate the physical conditions underlying the measuring method; FIG. 2 schematically shows another cable winding system 100 that serves to illustrate the principle underlying the measuring method; FIG.

3 shows the representation of recorded trapped energies of braking devices with different deceleration values; 4 shows a first embodiment of a measuring system according to the invention;

5 shows schematically a block diagram of an embodiment of an inventive measuring system;

Fig. 6 shows another embodiment of an inventive

Measurement system;

7 shows schematically a further embodiment of a measuring system according to the invention;

Fig. 8 shows schematically an embodiment of an inventive

Measurement method. In the figures, similar elements are denoted by like reference numerals. Ziffert.

In Fig. 1, a cable elevator system 100 is shown schematically, in which an elevator car 18 are connected via a cable 14 with a counterweight 1 6. The cable 14 is guided over a traction sheave 12, which is driven by a drive motor, not shown, to make an up and down movement of the elevator car 18. In the elevator car 18, a schematically illustrated elevator load 20 is arranged. The elevator car 18 has a weight m _FK , and the elevator load 20 located therein has an additional weight m _L. These weights are guided via the cable 14 to the counterweight 16 so that the mass has m _G G. The total mass of the system is carried by the traction sheave 12. Typically, the mass of the counterweight m _GG corresponds to the value of the mass m _F i <of the elevator plus about 50% of the rated load that is to transport the elevator car, and thus compensates for an average loading of the elevator car. Assuming that the elevator car 18 is moving downwards, accelerations resulting from the weight force g = 9.81 m / s ² and the acceleration a by the traction sheave motor 12 occur. The total force of the elevator car 18 with mass 20 thus results with (m _F k + m _L ) * (g + a). On the other hand, the counterweight with the weight force m _G G * g acts downward and the counter force m _G G ^* a upward.

2, starting from FIG. 1, a more realistic illustration of an elevator system 100 is shown, in which a safety gear 266, comprising two safety brakes 26a, 26b, the elevator car 18, which is guided along an elevator car guide 22 by means of guide rollers 24a, 24b, in an emergency can slow down. If the braking deceleration aFang, which can be exerted by the safety gear 26a, 26b, is greater than the gravitational acceleration g, then in the event of gripping the safety gear 26, the counterweight 16 would be thrown upwards and move higher by a distance As than in the case of taut rope 14 would be possible. For example, if you decide starting from the hoistway pit space 28, the distance s to the elevator car 18, and considering the distance between the hoistway pit 28 and counterweight 16 or a relative position change or acceleration of the counterweight 16, so can the height As of the free parabolic movement of the "flying Close counterweight 1 6. In the case of a flying counterweight 16, only the elevator car 18 is braked by the safety gear 26 without the influence of the counterweight 16 playing a role. Since the elevator car 18 is delayed with significantly more than the acceleration due to gravity a _fa _g> 1 g, the counterweight 16 is in free parabolic flight with an initial speed in the upward direction. By a combination of a distance measurement, for example a laser measuring device for determining the distance s from the hoistway pit chamber 28 to the cabin 18 and an acceleration measurement at the counterweight 1 6, the altitude can be determined. Thus, the flying height A s of the counterweight results when the elevator car 18 is traveling at 140% of a rated speed m / s with:

As = - ¹ gt 2 ² + v _l40% t (18).

The total duration of the flight can be given here with f _ges: t _ges = 2- (19) · where As results in the vertex of the parabolic flight with:

In the above example, with an excessive speed v = 140% = 1.4 m / s, an altitude of approximately 10 cm would result, with the total duration of flight amounting to approximately f _ges = 0.14 s. In this case, acting on the traction sheave 12, a total force, which results as follows:

^F TS = ^m GG * S + ^m GG * ^a GG + ^m _F K * S + ^M FK * ^ü FK ( ^{2 1} ) · Thus, the load on the elevator system is significantly higher than in the conventional load test, whereby a strength proof can be provided which is achieved by setting a test speed higher than the rated speed with the elevator car 18 unloaded. In FIG. 3, the energy consumed by safety gear as a function of the braking deceleration applied by the safety gear is shown by way of example, provided that the braking deceleration varies from 8 to 28 m / s ² . It can clearly be seen that weak safety gears, which can only provide a slight braking deceleration, have to consume significantly more braking energy than strong safety gears which can perform an abrupt braking operation. This is because when calculating the energy, the deceleration force is reciprocally proportional, with a weak safety gear having to deal with 50% more energy than a strong safety gear. For this reason, a check of the safety gear with overload on the one hand lead to an overload of the entire system and the safety gear. On the other hand, no comparable results are achieved because the influence of the counterweight is included. On the other hand, when driving with an unloaded elevator and an overspeed, the deceleration performance of the safety gear and its consumed energy can be directly determined. FIG. 4 shows a first exemplary embodiment of a measuring device 10 according to the invention. Starting from the elevator 100, which is shown in FIG. 3, the distance s in FIG. 4 is determined by an optical measuring beam 48 of an optical distance measuring device 30, which is arranged in the pit shaft space 28 as a fixed point 58. The optical measuring beam 48 frequency-pulsed laser beam and is at an optical reflector 38 which is mounted on the underside of the elevator car 18, reflected. The distance measuring device measures its transit times or phase position so that precise distance information and thus also speed and also acceleration information as a time derivative of the distance values of the elevator car 18 are obtained. be true. For an exact alignment of the measuring beam 48, adjustment means 40 are attached to the distance measuring device 56 in order to be able to align the measuring device with respect to the reflector 38. At the counterweight 16, an accelerometer sensor 32 is arranged, which can transmit acceleration values measured in real time to the distance measuring device 56 by means of a radio antenna 34. This also has a radio antenna 34 for receiving the acceleration values. The distance measuring device comprises an analysis device which determines a relative position of the counterweight to the elevator car by means of the acceleration values of the counterweight 1 6 and the distance s of the elevator car 1 8 determined by the measuring beam 48, and can determine braking deceleration and the catch energy of the safety gear 26.

In Fig. 5 is a block diagram of an embodiment of a measuring device 10 is shown schematically. This comprises a distance measuring device 56, which is designed as an optical distance measuring device 30 and which can determine the distance to an elevator car 1 8 or to a counterweight 1 6 from a fixed point 58, for example mine chamber 28 by means of an optical measuring beam 48. The distance measuring device 56 is connected to a relative position detection device 52, which can determine the relative position As between the counterweight 1 6 and the elevator car 1 8. Temporarily connectable thereto is via a contact device 68, for example a USB connection, an acceleration sensor 32, which can detect a vertical acceleration component of the counterweight 1 6 or the elevator car 18. After determining the relative position change As when activating the safety gear 26, the characteristic value K, in particular the deceleration values of the safety gear 26 or the braking energy absorbed by the safety gear 26 can be determined by means of an analysis device 54.

Furthermore, a force measuring device 46 can also be connected to the analysis device 54 via a USB connection 68 and a two-axis gyrometer 36 or a two-axis acceleration sensor also be temporarily connected via a contact device 68 for data synchronization and, if necessary, battery charging. The data values received by the sensors 32, 36 and 46 can be taken into account in a postprocessing method during the analysis, wherein time-based values, such as the values of the vertical acceleration sensor 32 or the position sensors 36 by means of cross-correlation with the distance values of the distance measuring device 56 temporally in Be reconciled in order to reproduce and analyze the transient movement. By means of the force measuring device 46, the masses of counterweight 1 6 or elevator car 18 can be determined, which are necessary for the determination of the braking energy of the safety gear 26. Twisting of the elevator car 18 during braking can be detected by the gyrome 36 in order to be able to identify uneven behavior of individual safety gears 26. 6 and 7, two further embodiments of measuring devices are shown, which are basically similar to those of FIG. 4. In all cases, the distance of the elevator car 18 from the hoistway pit chamber 28 is determined as a fixed point 58 by means of an optical distance measuring device 56. It is further shown in FIG. 6 that the mass of the counterweight 16 can be determined by load cells 46a, and the mass of the elevator cage 18 can be determined for a set of load cells 46b arranged on buffers 42 for the resilient interception of the cabin 18 become. Thus, regardless of stored elevator system data, the masses of counterweight 1 6 and elevator car 18 can be determined exactly, so that a calculation of the characteristic value is possible even without knowledge of stored elevator data.

Furthermore, the force measuring devices 46b can be used for example for calibrating a load scale 50 which is located in the elevator car 18. For this purpose, when settling the elevator car 18 on the Force measuring device 46 b successively additional weights 20 are loaded into the elevator car 18, and to calibrate the function and display of the force measuring device 50. Thus, a linearity and hysteresis error of the load scale 50 can be detected. Depending on the design of the load scale 50, a measuring method may be performed in which the elevator car 18 is driven at different speeds onto the force measuring devices 46b of the buffer 42.

Furthermore, it is possible to determine the effectiveness of a service brake 60, which for example acts on a traction sheave 12, with the proposed measuring device in different phases of a measuring process. The acceleration sensor 32 on the counterweight 16 has an online data memory and stores acceleration values with its own time base. After completion of the measuring process, an analysis of the dynamic behavior of the elevator system can be carried out by a cross-correlation of the acceleration values of the sensor 32 with distance values s recorded by the distance measuring devices 56.

FIG. 7 shows a further variant of a measuring system 10 in which, instead of an acceleration value, two optically scanned distance values of elevator car 18 and counterweight 16 are recorded by means of two optical distance measuring devices 30. For this purpose, each of the underside of the elevator car 18 and the counterweight 1 6 reflector mirror 38 a, 38 b arranged, and two optical distance measuring devices 56 which are connected to each other via a data link, determine independently of one another the distances of counterweight 1 6 and elevator car 18 to the elevator shaft mine , Thus, the position, speed and acceleration of the two components of the cable system 100 can be determined time-synchronously and the effectiveness of the safety gear 26, the brake 60 can be determined.

Finally, FIG. 8 schematically shows the sequence of a measuring method for Mood of a kernel value No safety gear is shown in which in a first step S1 a catching force F _Fa n _g at a rated speed v _Ne nn in a downward travel of an unloaded elevator car 1 8 with empty weight m _F K is determined. Here, the safety gear 26 is triggered by the Übergeschwindig- or manually, with a braking deceleration aFan _g _ieer> 1 g results, so that the counterweight 1 6 is in free parabolic flight upwards. In a second step S2, an increased test speed v _{test is} determined by analysis of the braking deceleration <3Fang_ieer with which a predetermined test load with the safety gear 26 of the cable lift 1 00 occurs. In the third step S3, a test run is carried out with the test speed v _tes t, eg with Vtest = vi ₄ o%, ie with 140% of the nominal speed v _ne nn with unloaded elevator car with empty weight m _F K_Leer, whereby a relative position change As of the elevator car 1 8 and counterweight 16 is recorded to see if the expected deceleration values arrive and the corresponding energies and loads occur. In a fourth step S4, a judgment is made whether the recorded relative position change As satisfies the predetermined test load of the elevator 100 and the characteristic value K is determined.

Furthermore, with the aid of the measuring system 10 according to the invention and the measuring method, the effectiveness of the service brake 60 in the case of an empty cab 1 8 in the upward direction can be assessed, such as with a rated load 20 loaded cab 18 in the downward direction. Furthermore, the state of the elevator buffers 42 can be determined, and a buffer characteristic can be created.

Thus, the condition of the safety gear 26 can be checked without the introduction of additional weights and with little personal and technical effort, and this can be determined independently of the design of the elevator system 100. List of Reference Measurement system

traction sheave

rope

counterweight

car

elevator load

Elevator car guide

guide rollers

safety gear

Hoistway pit space

Optical distance measuring device

accelerometer

radio antenna

gyro

Optical reflector

adjusting

Elevator buffer

Counterweight buffer

Force measuring device

Optical measuring beam

load balance

Relative position detection device analysis device

Distance measuring device

fixed point

service brake

floor

shaft door

elevator door

Contact device cable lift

Claims

claims

1 . Measuring system (1 0) for determining a characteristic value of a safety gear ^) of a cable lift (1 00), comprising at least one distance measuring device (56) for determining a distance s of an elevator car (1 8) and / or a counterweight (1 6) to a fixed point (58), in particular an elevator shaft excavation chamber (28), characterized in that the system (10) comprises a second distance measuring device (56) and / or an acceleration sensor (32), a relative position detection device (52) for detecting a relative position change As between elevator car (1 8) and counterweight (1 6) upon completion of a downward travel of the elevator car (1 8) by braking action of the safety gear (26), and an analysis device (54) for determining at least one characteristic K Kerr device (26), preferably one Catch energy E _Fa ng, when standstill of the elevator car (1 8) and the counterweight (1 6) on the basis of the course of the relative position change As between Aufzu gskabine (1 8) and counterweight (1 6).

2. System (1 0) according to claim 1, characterized in that the distance measuring device (56) is an optical distance measuring device (30) which at the fixed point (58), in particular the hoistway pit space (28) is temporarily arranged, and their optical measuring beam (48) on a preferably removably mounted optical reflector (38) on a lower or upper side of the elevator car (1 8) and / or the counterweight (1 6) is reflected, wherein preferably the optical distance measuring device (30) adjusting means (40 ) for preferably self-aligning alignment of the optical measuring beam (48) to the reflector (38).

3. System (10) according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the distance measuring device (56) comprises an acceleration sensor or a camera based distance measuring device (30), which based on an acceleration measurement or by means of an image data recognition a distance change from the fixed point (58 ), in particular the elevator shaft mine chamber (28) can recognize.

4. System (10) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that on the counterweight (1 6) arranged acceleration sensor (32) is included and the distance measuring device (56) is arranged, the distance s between the elevator car (18) and the Fixed point (58) to measure, and the relative position detecting means (52) is arranged, based on the course of the distance s of the elevator car (18) relative to the fixed point (28) and an acceleration value a _G e of the counterweight (1 6) arranged acceleration sensor ( 32) to determine the relative position change As.

5. System (10) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a gyrometer (36) and / or an acceleration sensor (32) on the elevator car (1 6) is arranged to determine a tilting of the elevator car (1 6) and the analyzer (54) is arranged to determine an uneven braking action of the safety gear (26) based on the determined tilt.

6. System (10) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the acceleration sensor (32) and / or the gyrometer (36) and the distance measuring device (56) comprises an internal data memory for temporal measurement recording, wherein the analysis device (54) is established is to perform the determination of the characteristic value K after completion of a measurement operation, a temporal assignment of the measured values of the acceleration sensor (32) and / or gyrometer (36) and distance measuring device (56) by cross-correlation.

7. System (10) according to claim 6, characterized in that the acceleration sensor (32) and / or the gyrometer (36) with the analysis device (54) via a contact unit (68) are temporarily connectable for data exchange, wherein the analysis device (54 ) is preferably included in the distance measuring device (56) designed as a transportable device.

8. System (10) according to any one of the preceding claims 1 to 5, characterized in that a data transmission between the acceleration sensor (32) and / or gyrometer (36) and distance measuring device (56) wirelessly, in particular by radio transmission via radio antennas (34).

9. System (10) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least one, in particular a plurality of force measuring means (46) are included, which are arranged, a weight force m _FK the elevator car (18) and / or a weight force m _{GG of} the counterweight (1 6), and which are connected to the analysis device (54) for determining the characteristic value ^"of the safety gear (26).

10. A method for characterizing a safety gear (26) of a cable lift (100), preferably using a system (10) according to one of the aforementioned system claims, wherein;

in a first step (S1), a catching force F _Fan g of the safety gear (26) at rated speed v _nen n a downward travel of an unloaded elevator car (18) with empty weight m _F K is determined, wherein a braking deceleration aFangjeer> 1 g can be achieved;

in a second step (S2), a test speed v _tes t> v _n enn is determined as a function of the capture force F _Fan g and / or a deceleration a _Fa ng_ieer, in which a predeterminable test load of the safety gear (26) and the cable lift (100 ) occurs;

in a third step (S3), a test run is carried out with the determined test speed i test> vWin with unloaded elevator car (18) with empty weight m _F K, whereby a relative position change As from elevator car (18) to counterweight (1 6) is recorded;

in a fourth step (S4), a judgment is made as to whether the recorded relative position change As satisfies an achievement of the predetermined test load of the cable lift (100), and the desired characteristic value is transmitted.

1 1. A method according to claim 10, characterized in that the relative position change As from the elevator car (18) to the counterweight (1 6) by correlation of measured values of an optical distance device (30 a) which measures a distance s of the elevator car (18) from a fixed point (58) , and a second distance measuring device (30b) which determines a distance between a fixed point (58) and the counterweight (1 6) or an acceleration sensor (32) arranged on the counterweight (1 6), wherein measured values of the movement preferably in a postprocessing step of elevator car (18) and counterweight (1 6) are assigned to each other in time by means of cross-correlation.

12. The method according to claim 10 or 1 1, characterized in that the fielding force Ff detected with an archived _HS fielding force Ff _HS _oid is compared from a database, and determining a deviation of the catching forces and evaluated.

13. The method according to any one of the preceding claims 10 to 12, characterized in that for determining the relative position change As at least one distance s between the elevator car (18) and / or the counterweight (1 6) and a fixed reference point (58), in particular the Lift shaft pit space (28) by means of an optical distance measuring device (30) is determined.

14. The method according to any one of the preceding claims 10 to 13, characterized in that for determining the relative position change As at least one distance s between the elevator car (18) and / or the counterweight (1 6) and a fixed reference point (58), in particular the Lift shaft pit space (28) is determined or improved by means of a distance measuring device (30) based on an acceleration sensor or an optical camera.

15. The method according to any one of the preceding claims 10 to 14, characterized in that for determining the relative position change As at least one vertical acceleration component SFK the elevator car (18) and / or a _G e of the counterweight (1 6) detected by an acceleration sensor (32) and is evaluated.

1 6. The method according to any one of claims 10 to 15, characterized in that a rotational movement of the elevator car (18) by means of a gyrometer (36) or acceleration sensor (32) is detected in order to determine a non-uniform effect of the safety gear (26).

17. The method according to any one of claims 10 to 1 6, characterized in that for determining the weight force m _{FK of} the elevator car (18) and / or weight m _G G of the counterweight (1 6) at least one force measuring device (46), preferably at least one or a plurality of load cells are provided which measures the weight by discharging the elevator car (18) and / or the counterweight (16) on a buffer (42, 44).

18. The method according to claim 17, characterized in that in a further step, a load scale (50) of the cable lift (100) is calibrated, wherein by increasing loading of the elevator car (18) and recording the weight of the elevator car (18) by the force measuring device ( 46) and the load scale (50) a calibration of the load scale (50) is made.

19. The method according to any one of the preceding claims 10 to 18, characterized in that in a further step by driving the unloaded elevator car (18) a characteristic value of a service brake (60) by analyzing the course of the distance s between the elevator car (18) and fixed point (58) is determined.