EP3087318B1 - Process for treating ash from refuse incineration plants by wet classification - Google Patents

Process for treating ash from refuse incineration plants by wet classification Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3087318B1
EP3087318B1 EP14827784.1A EP14827784A EP3087318B1 EP 3087318 B1 EP3087318 B1 EP 3087318B1 EP 14827784 A EP14827784 A EP 14827784A EP 3087318 B1 EP3087318 B1 EP 3087318B1
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Prior art keywords
fraction
residue
sieve
process according
particle size
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP3087318A1 (en
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Manfred Klinkhammer
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Schauenburg Maschinen-Und Anlagen-Bau GmbH
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Schauenburg Maschinen-Und Anlagen-Bau GmbH
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03B—SEPARATING SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS
    • B03B9/00—General arrangement of separating plant, e.g. flow sheets
    • B03B9/04—General arrangement of separating plant, e.g. flow sheets specially adapted for furnace residues, smeltings, or foundry slags
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES 
    • F23J1/00—Removing ash, clinker, or slag from combustion chambers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES 
    • F23J2900/00—Special arrangements for conducting or purifying combustion fumes; Treatment of fumes or ashes
    • F23J2900/01001—Sorting and classifying ashes or fly-ashes from the combustion chamber before further treatment
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES 
    • F23J2900/00—Special arrangements for conducting or purifying combustion fumes; Treatment of fumes or ashes
    • F23J2900/01005—Mixing water to ash

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for the treatment of ash from waste incineration plants, in particular municipal waste incineration plants, by wet classification.
  • Classification is understood as meaning a separation of a starting material consisting of particles with a given particle size distribution into a plurality of fractions of different particle size distribution.
  • the classification serves, in particular, to separate the ashes into different proportions of pollutants.
  • a method for treating ashes from waste incineration plants by wet classification is known in which the ash is mixed in a mash tank with liquid and fed, after screening a coarse fraction as feed stream to a classifying stage comprising an upstream classifier and an upstream hydrocyclone plant.
  • the feed stream is separated in the classifying stage into a pollutant-free material fraction and a residual fraction loaded with pollutants, wherein the residual fraction is withdrawn as a suspension at the top of a fluidized bed produced in the upflow classifier and wherein the removed on the underside of the fluidized bed Gutfrtress is drained by a sieve.
  • the Gutfr press has a grain size between 0.25 mm and 4 mm and can be landfilled without environmental requirements or possibly also economically, z. B. be used as an aggregate in road construction.
  • the residue contains particles with a particle size of less than 250 microns and contains pollutants, eg. As heavy metals, organic light materials and metal oxides, which deposit as a coating on the particles.
  • the residue fraction contains some valuable substances, such as iron and non-ferrous metals.
  • the residue is thickened and must be disposed of in compliance with applicable legal regulations at the expense.
  • the dry weight fraction of the contaminated residue fraction is between 10% and 30% of the ash feed.
  • the object of the invention is to further reduce the amount of residue which can not be utilized economically and to recover valuable substances in a pure form, which enables economic utilization.
  • Ash from a waste incineration plant is mixed with liquid in a mash tank and, after screening off a coarse fraction, is fed as a feed stream to a first classification stage, where the feed stream is separated into a pollutant-free material fraction and a residual fraction contaminated with pollutants.
  • the material fraction is dewatered by means of a first screening device, wherein a screen residue with a lower particle size of more than 150 microns, preferably obtained with a lower particle size of about 250 microns.
  • the loaded with pollutants residual fraction is separated in a second classification stage in a finely divided mineral fraction and a contaminated with pollutants residue, the residue has a grain upper limit between 20 microns and 50 microns.
  • the finely divided mineral fraction is dewatered by means of a second screening device.
  • metals are separated from the screen residue of the first screening device and / or from the screen residue of the second screening device.
  • the metal deposition may relate both to the deposition of non-ferrous metals and of iron constituents which are separated from the sieve residue.
  • the dewatered residue of the second screening device forms a finely divided mineral fraction without interfering ingredients that can be recycled economically.
  • valuable products also finely divided metals are obtained, which are separated by means of metal deposition from the screen residue of the first screening device and / or the second screening device.
  • An advantageous embodiment of the method according to the invention provides that in the first classification stage at the top of a fluidized bed produced in a flow classifier polluted with a pollutant fraction is withdrawn as a suspension and that the Gutfr forcing deducted at the bottom of the upflow classifier and dewatered by the first screening device, wherein the screen passage of the first screening device is returned to a hydrocyclone plant.
  • the hydrocyclone plant is upstream of the upstream classifier.
  • the hydrocyclone plant is designed so that the cyclone overflow essentially entrains only particles with a particle size of less than 100 microns.
  • the hydrocyclone plant is operated so that the upper grain boundary of the withdrawn in the hydrocyclone overflow suspension is in a range between 60 microns and 70 microns.
  • the hydrocyclone overflow of the hydrocyclone plant is fed together with the removed from the upstream classifier and loaded with pollutants fraction as a residual fraction of the second classification stage.
  • the hydrocyclone plant may comprise two parallel-connected hydrocyclones, the feed stream being fed to a first hydrocyclone of the hydrocyclone plant and the sieve throughput of the first screening device to the second hydrocyclone of the hydrocyclone plant.
  • the cyclone overflows in parallel Hydrocyclones each contain only particles which are smaller than the separating grain of the first screening device and are fed to the second classification stage.
  • the separating grain is understood to mean the grain size which is roughly 50% coarse and 50% fine.
  • a further advantageous embodiment of the method according to the invention provides that organic light substances are separated off from the fraction loaded with pollutants and discharged from the upflow classifier.
  • organic light substances include in particular fibrous materials.
  • a tumble screen can be used to separate off the organic impurities.
  • automatic backflush filters can be used. After separation of the organic light materials, the fraction is fed together with the cyclone overflow of the hydrocyclone plant of the second classification stage.
  • a hydrocyclone plant which, as a multicyclone, can comprise a plurality of hydrocyclones connected in parallel.
  • the mineral fraction is withdrawn as a cyclone underflow.
  • the cyclone overflow carries the polluted with pollutants residue.
  • This has a grain spectrum with a grain upper limit between 20 microns and 50 microns.
  • the hydrocyclone plant of the second classification stage is operated so that the residue in the cyclone upper run has a grain upper limit of about 25 microns.
  • the cyclone overflow of the hydrocyclone plant used in the second classification stage is expediently concentrated in a thickener, which can be designed as a continuously operated sedimentation separator. Clarified liquid is withdrawn from the thickener and returned to the process as process fluid.
  • the liquid return may comprise a liquid tank to which a water treatment plant is connected. As part of the water treatment at least a pH adjustment is made.
  • a suspension with high solids content is withdrawn. This is then dewatered, wherein for dehydration of the residue preferably a pressure filtration is used.
  • the pressure filtration can be designed, for example, as a chamber filter press or as a drum filter press.
  • a significant advantage of the method according to the invention over the prior art DE 10 2011 013 030 A1 is that the thickener a much lower mass flow with finely divided particles having a particle size of less than 50 microns, is supplied and as a result, the downstream pressure drainage process technically easier and can be operated with smaller apparatus.
  • the ash 1 comes from a waste incineration plant, in particular a domestic waste incineration plant, and is mixed with liquid 3 in a mash tank 2 and, after screening a coarse fraction 4, is fed to a first classification stage 5.
  • the coarse fraction 4 comprises a grain spectrum between 4 mm and 60 mm and can optionally be divided into two or more coarse fractions.
  • the sieve devices used for this purpose can equipped with metal separators for the deposition of non-ferrous metals or iron.
  • the classifying stage 5 comprises an upflow classifier 6 and an upstream hydrocyclone plant 7.
  • the feed stream is separated in the classifying stage 5 into a pollutant-free material fraction 8 and a residual fraction 9 loaded with pollutants, the residual fraction 9 being withdrawn as a suspension at the top of a fluidized bed produced in the upflow classifier 6 and wherein the withdrawn at the bottom of the fluidized bed Gutfr disorders 8 is drained by a first sieve device 10.
  • the screen residue 11 of the first screening device 10 expediently has a lower particle size of more than 150 ⁇ m.
  • the classifying stage 5 is operated so that the screen residue 11 of the screening device 10 has a particle size range between 250 ⁇ m and 4 mm. From the sieve residue metals 12 are deposited, which can be recycled as recyclables.
  • the Siebrückstand 11 with a grain spectrum between 0.25 mm to 4 mm is pollutant-free and can be recycled economically.
  • the sieve passage 13 of the sieve device 10 is returned to the hydrocyclone plant 7, which in the exemplary embodiment has two parallel-connected hydrocyclones 14, 14 '.
  • the feed stream is fed to a first hydrocyclone 14 of the hydrocyclone unit 7.
  • the sieve passage 13 of the sieve device 10 passes as feed into the second hydrocyclone 14 'of the hydrocyclone plant 7.
  • the screen residue 11 of the first screening device 10 has a lower particle size of more than 150 ⁇ m, preferably a lower particle size of about 250 ⁇ m.
  • organic lightweight materials in particular also fibrous substances, are separated off, wherein the separation of the light substances can take place, for example, by means of a tumble screen 16.
  • the residual fraction 9 is fed together with the cyclone overflows 15, 15 'to a second classification stage 17, in which the material streams are separated into a finely divided mineral fraction 18 and a residue 19 contaminated with pollutants.
  • the second classifying stage 17 is operated such that the residue 19 has a grain upper limit between 20 ⁇ m and 50 ⁇ m.
  • a grain upper limit of the residue 19 of about 25 microns.
  • a hydrocyclone plant 20 is used, wherein the finely divided mineral fraction 18 is withdrawn as a cyclone underflow and the cyclone overflow entrained with pollutants finely divided residue 19.
  • the cyclone underflow is dewatered by means of a second screening device 21, wherein metals 23 are expediently separated from the screen residue 22. It falls to a finely divided mineral product of value, which has a particle size range between 20 microns and 250 microns. In addition, metals 23 fall in finely divided form, which can also be recycled as recyclables.
  • the hydrocyclone plant 20 has two hydrocyclones 29, 29 'connected in parallel, the feed stream being fed to a first hydrocyclone 29 of the hydrocyclone plant 20 and the sieve passage 30 of the second screening device 21 to the second hydrocyclone 29' of the hydrocyclone plant.
  • the cyclone overflows 31, 31 'of the parallel-connected hydrocyclones 29, 29' are fed to a thickener 24.
  • the cyclone overflow of the hydrocyclone plant 20 used in the second classification stage 17 is concentrated in the thickener 24, wherein clarified liquid 25 is withdrawn from the thickener 24 and returned to the process.
  • the liquid return comprises a liquid tank 26 to which a water treatment plant is connected.
  • a suspension 28 is withdrawn with a high solids content, which is then dewatered by a pressure filtration 27.
  • the finely divided residue has a grain spectrum with a grain upper limit between 20 microns and 50 microns, preferably a grain upper limit of about 25 microns is selected.
  • the residue, which consists exclusively of very finely divided particles has a large surface, at which the pollutants contained in the ash are effectively bound. Metal oxides are also deposited with the finely divided residue.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Aufbereitung von Asche aus Müllverbrennungsanlagen, insbesondere Hausmüllverbrennungsanlagen, durch Nassklassierung.The invention relates to a method for the treatment of ash from waste incineration plants, in particular municipal waste incineration plants, by wet classification.

Unter Klassierung versteht man eine Trennung eines aus Partikeln mit einer gegebenen Korngrößenverteilung bestehenden Ausgangsmaterials in mehrere Fraktionen unterschiedlicher Korngrößenverteilung. Die Klassierung dient insbesondere dazu, die Asche in unterschiedlich stark mit Schadstoffen belastete Anteile zu trennen.Classification is understood as meaning a separation of a starting material consisting of particles with a given particle size distribution into a plurality of fractions of different particle size distribution. The classification serves, in particular, to separate the ashes into different proportions of pollutants.

Aus der WO 2012/119737 A1 ist ein Verfahren zur Aufbereitung von Asche aus Müllverbrennungsanlage durch Nassklassierung bekannt, bei dem die Asche in einem Anmaischbehälter mit Flüssigkeit gemischt und nach Absieben einer Grobfraktion als Aufgabestrom einer Klassierstufe zugeführt wird, die einen Aufstromklassierer und eine vorgeschaltete Hydrozyklonanlage umfasst. Der Aufgabestrom wird in der Klassierstufe in eine schadstofffreie Gutfraktion und eine mit Schadstoffen belastete Restfraktion aufgetrennt, wobei die Restfraktion an der Oberseite eines im Aufstromklassierer erzeugten Fließbettes als Suspension abgezogen wird und wobei die an der Unterseite des Fließbettes abgezogene Gutfraktion mittels einer Siebvorrichtung entwässert wird. Die Gutfraktion hat ein Kornspektrum zwischen 0,25 mm und 4 mm und kann ohne Umweltauflagen deponiert oder ggf. auch wirtschaftlich, z. B. als Zuschlagstoff im Straßenbau, verwertet werden. Der Rückstand enthält Partikel mit einer Korngröße von weniger als 250 µm und enthält Schadstoffe, z. B. Schwermetalle, organische Leichtstoffe und Metalloxide, die sich als Coating auf den Partikeln abscheiden. Daneben enthält die Rückstandsfraktion einige Wertstoffe, wie beispielsweise Eisen und Nichteisenmetalle. Der Rückstand wird eingedickt und muss zur Beachtung einschlägiger gesetzlicher Vorschriften unter Aufwendung von Kosten deponiert werden. Der Trockengewichtsanteil der mit Schadstoffen belasteten Rückstandsfraktion beträgt zwischen 10 % und 30 % der Ascheaufgabemenge.From the WO 2012/119737 A1 A method for treating ashes from waste incineration plants by wet classification is known in which the ash is mixed in a mash tank with liquid and fed, after screening a coarse fraction as feed stream to a classifying stage comprising an upstream classifier and an upstream hydrocyclone plant. The feed stream is separated in the classifying stage into a pollutant-free material fraction and a residual fraction loaded with pollutants, wherein the residual fraction is withdrawn as a suspension at the top of a fluidized bed produced in the upflow classifier and wherein the removed on the underside of the fluidized bed Gutfraktion is drained by a sieve. The Gutfraktion has a grain size between 0.25 mm and 4 mm and can be landfilled without environmental requirements or possibly also economically, z. B. be used as an aggregate in road construction. The residue contains particles with a particle size of less than 250 microns and contains pollutants, eg. As heavy metals, organic light materials and metal oxides, which deposit as a coating on the particles. In addition, the residue fraction contains some valuable substances, such as iron and non-ferrous metals. The residue is thickened and must be disposed of in compliance with applicable legal regulations at the expense. The dry weight fraction of the contaminated residue fraction is between 10% and 30% of the ash feed.

Vor diesen Hintergrund liegt der Erfindung die Aufgabe zugrunde, die Rückstandsmenge, die nicht wirtschaftlich verwertet werden kann, weiter zu reduzieren und Wertstoffe in reiner Form zu gewinnen, die eine wirtschaftliche Verwertung ermöglicht.Against this background, the object of the invention is to further reduce the amount of residue which can not be utilized economically and to recover valuable substances in a pure form, which enables economic utilization.

Gegenstand der Erfindung und Lösung dieser Aufgabe ist ein Verfahren nach Anspruch 1.The object of the invention and solution of this problem is a method according to claim 1.

Asche aus einer Müllverbrennungsanlage wird in einem Anmaischbehälter mit Flüssigkeit gemischt und nach Absieben einer Grobfraktion als Aufgabestrom einer ersten Klassierstufe zugeführt, wo der Aufgabestrom in eine schadstofffreie Gutfraktion und eine mit Schadstoffen belastete Restfraktion aufgetrennt wird. Die Gutfraktion wird mittels einer ersten Siebvorrichtung entwässert, wobei ein Siebrückstand mit einer unteren Korngröße von mehr als 150 µm, vorzugsweise mit einer unteren Korngröße von etwa 250 µm anfällt. Die mit Schadstoffen belastete Restfraktion wird in einer zweiten Klassierstufe in eine feinteilige mineralische Fraktion und einen mit Schadstoffen belasteten Rückstand aufgetrennt, wobei der Rückstand eine Kornobergrenze zwischen 20 µm und 50 µm aufweist. Die feinteilige mineralische Fraktion wird mittels einer zweiten Siebvorrichtung entwässert.Ash from a waste incineration plant is mixed with liquid in a mash tank and, after screening off a coarse fraction, is fed as a feed stream to a first classification stage, where the feed stream is separated into a pollutant-free material fraction and a residual fraction contaminated with pollutants. The material fraction is dewatered by means of a first screening device, wherein a screen residue with a lower particle size of more than 150 microns, preferably obtained with a lower particle size of about 250 microns. The loaded with pollutants residual fraction is separated in a second classification stage in a finely divided mineral fraction and a contaminated with pollutants residue, the residue has a grain upper limit between 20 microns and 50 microns. The finely divided mineral fraction is dewatered by means of a second screening device.

Erfindungsgemäß werden aus dem Siebrückstand der ersten Siebvorrichtung und/oder aus dem Siebrückstand der zweiten Siebvorrichtung Metalle abgeschieden. Die Metallabscheidung kann dabei sowohl die Abscheidung von Nichteisenmetallen als auch von Eisenbestandteilen betreffen, die aus dem Siebrückstand abgeschieden werden. Der entwässerte Rückstand der zweiten Siebvorrichtung bildet eine feinteilige mineralische Fraktion ohne störende Inhaltsstoffe, die wirtschaftlich verwertet werden kann. Als Wertprodukte fallen auch feinteilige Metalle an, die mittels der Metallabscheidung aus dem Siebrückstand der ersten Siebvorrichtung und/oder der zweiten Siebvorrichtung abgetrennt werden.According to the invention, metals are separated from the screen residue of the first screening device and / or from the screen residue of the second screening device. In this case, the metal deposition may relate both to the deposition of non-ferrous metals and of iron constituents which are separated from the sieve residue. The dewatered residue of the second screening device forms a finely divided mineral fraction without interfering ingredients that can be recycled economically. As valuable products also finely divided metals are obtained, which are separated by means of metal deposition from the screen residue of the first screening device and / or the second screening device.

Eine vorteilhafte Ausgestaltung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens sieht vor, dass in der ersten Klassierstufe an der Oberseite eines in einem Aufstromklassierer erzeugten Fließbettes eine mit Schadstoffen belastete Fraktion als Suspension abgezogen wird und dass die Gutfraktion an der Unterseite des Aufstromklassierers abgezogen und mittels der ersten Siebvorrichtung entwässert wird, wobei der Siebdurchgang der ersten Siebvorrichtung in eine Hydrozyklonanlage zurückgeführt wird. Die Hydrozyklonanlage ist dem Aufstromklassierer vorgeschaltet. Die Hydrozyklonanlage ist so ausgelegt, dass der Zyklonüberlauf im Wesentlichen nur Partikel mit einer Korngröße von weniger als 100 µm mitführt. Vorzugsweise wird die Hydrozyklonanlage so betrieben, dass die obere Korngrenze der im Hydrozyklonüberlauf abgezogenen Suspension in einem Bereich zwischen 60 µm und 70 µm liegt. Der Hydrozyklonüberlauf der Hydrozyklonanlage wird zusammen mit der aus dem Aufstromklassierer entnommenen und mit Schadstoffen belasteten Fraktion als Restfraktion der zweiten Klassierstufe zugeführt.An advantageous embodiment of the method according to the invention provides that in the first classification stage at the top of a fluidized bed produced in a flow classifier polluted with a pollutant fraction is withdrawn as a suspension and that the Gutfraktion deducted at the bottom of the upflow classifier and dewatered by the first screening device, wherein the screen passage of the first screening device is returned to a hydrocyclone plant. The hydrocyclone plant is upstream of the upstream classifier. The hydrocyclone plant is designed so that the cyclone overflow essentially entrains only particles with a particle size of less than 100 microns. Preferably, the hydrocyclone plant is operated so that the upper grain boundary of the withdrawn in the hydrocyclone overflow suspension is in a range between 60 microns and 70 microns. The hydrocyclone overflow of the hydrocyclone plant is fed together with the removed from the upstream classifier and loaded with pollutants fraction as a residual fraction of the second classification stage.

Die Hydrozyklonanlage kann zwei parallel geschaltete Hydrozyklone aufweisen, wobei der Aufgabestrom einem ersten Hydrozyklon der Hydrozyklonanlage und der Siebdurchgang der ersten Siebvorrichtung dem zweiten Hydrozyklon der Hydrozyklonanlage zugeführt wird. Die Zyklonüberläufe der parallel geschalteten Hydrozyklone enthalten jeweils nur Partikel, die kleiner sind als das Trennkorn der ersten Siebvorrichtung und werden der zweiten Klassierstufe zugeführt. Unter dem Trennkorn wird diejenige Korngröße verstanden, die zu 50% im Groben und zu 50% im Feinen zu finden ist.The hydrocyclone plant may comprise two parallel-connected hydrocyclones, the feed stream being fed to a first hydrocyclone of the hydrocyclone plant and the sieve throughput of the first screening device to the second hydrocyclone of the hydrocyclone plant. The cyclone overflows in parallel Hydrocyclones each contain only particles which are smaller than the separating grain of the first screening device and are fed to the second classification stage. The separating grain is understood to mean the grain size which is roughly 50% coarse and 50% fine.

Eine weitere vorteilhafte Ausgestaltung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens sieht vor, dass aus der aus dem Aufstromklassierer abgezogenen mit Schadstoffen belasteten Fraktion organische Leichtstoffe abgetrennt werden. Hierzu gehören insbesondere auch faserförmige Materialien. Zur Abtrennung der organischen Störstoffe kann beispielsweise ein Taumelsieb verwendet werden. Zusätzlich können auch automatische Rückspülfilter eingesetzt werden. Nach Abtrennung der organischen Leichtstoffe wird die Fraktion zusammen mit dem Zyklonoberlauf der Hydrozyklonanlage der zweiten Klassierstufe zugeführt.A further advantageous embodiment of the method according to the invention provides that organic light substances are separated off from the fraction loaded with pollutants and discharged from the upflow classifier. These include in particular fibrous materials. For example, a tumble screen can be used to separate off the organic impurities. In addition, automatic backflush filters can be used. After separation of the organic light materials, the fraction is fed together with the cyclone overflow of the hydrocyclone plant of the second classification stage.

In der zweiten Klassierstufe wird zweckmäßig ebenfalls eine Hydrozyklonanlage verwendet, die als Multizyklon mehrere parallel geschaltete Hydrozyklone umfassen kann. Die mineralische Fraktion wird als Zyklonunterlauf abgezogen. Der Zyklonoberlauf führt den mit Schadstoffen belasteten feinteiligen Rückstand mit. Dieser weist ein Kornspektrum mit einer Kornobergrenze zwischen 20 µm und 50 µm auf. Vorzugsweise wird die Hydrozyklonanlage der zweiten Klassierstufe so betrieben, dass der Rückstand im Zyklonoberlauf eine Kornobergrenze von etwa 25 µm hat.In the second classification stage, it is expedient to likewise use a hydrocyclone plant which, as a multicyclone, can comprise a plurality of hydrocyclones connected in parallel. The mineral fraction is withdrawn as a cyclone underflow. The cyclone overflow carries the polluted with pollutants residue. This has a grain spectrum with a grain upper limit between 20 microns and 50 microns. Preferably, the hydrocyclone plant of the second classification stage is operated so that the residue in the cyclone upper run has a grain upper limit of about 25 microns.

Der Zyklonoberlauf der in der zweiten Klassierstufe eingesetzten Hydrozyklonanlage wird zweckmäßig in einem Eindicker aufkonzentriert, der als kontinuierlich betriebener Sedimentationsabscheider ausgebildet sein kann. Aus dem Eindicker wird geklärte Flüssigkeit abgezogen und als Prozessflüssigkeit in den Prozess zurückgeführt.The cyclone overflow of the hydrocyclone plant used in the second classification stage is expediently concentrated in a thickener, which can be designed as a continuously operated sedimentation separator. Clarified liquid is withdrawn from the thickener and returned to the process as process fluid.

Die Flüssigkeitsrückführung kann einen Flüssigkeitstank umfassen, an den eine Wasseraufbereitungsanlage angeschlossen ist. Im Rahmen der Wasseraufbereitung wird zumindest eine pH-Einstellung vorgenommen.The liquid return may comprise a liquid tank to which a water treatment plant is connected. As part of the water treatment at least a pH adjustment is made.

Aus dem Eindicker wird eine Suspension mit hohem Feststoffgehalt abgezogen. Diese wird anschließend entwässert, wobei zur Entwässerung des Rückstandes vorzugsweise eine Druckfiltration verwendet wird. Die Druckfiltration kann beispielsweise als Kammerfilterpresse oder als Trommelfilterpresse ausgebildet sein.From the thickener, a suspension with high solids content is withdrawn. This is then dewatered, wherein for dehydration of the residue preferably a pressure filtration is used. The pressure filtration can be designed, for example, as a chamber filter press or as a drum filter press.

Ein wesentlicher Vorteil des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens gegenüber dem Stand der Technik aus DE 10 2011 013 030 A1 ist, dass dem Eindicker ein wesentlich geringerer Massenstrom mit feinteiligen Partikeln, die eine Korngröße von weniger als 50 µm aufweisen, zugeführt wird und infolge dessen die nachgeschaltete Druckentwässerung verfahrenstechnisch einfacher und mit kleineren Apparaten betrieben werden kann.A significant advantage of the method according to the invention over the prior art DE 10 2011 013 030 A1 is that the thickener a much lower mass flow with finely divided particles having a particle size of less than 50 microns, is supplied and as a result, the downstream pressure drainage process technically easier and can be operated with smaller apparatus.

Im Folgenden wird die Erfindung anhand einer lediglich ein Ausführungsbeispiel darstellenden Zeichnung erläutert. Die einzige Figur zeigt als stark vereinfachtes Blockschaltbild eine Anlage zur Aufbereitung von Asche durch Nassklassierung.In the following the invention will be explained with reference to a drawing showing only one embodiment. The single figure shows as a simplified block diagram a plant for the treatment of ash by wet classification.

Die Asche 1 stammt aus einer Müllverbrennungsanlage, insbesondere einer Hausmüllverbrennungsanlage, und wird in einem Anmaischbehälter 2 mit Flüssigkeit 3 gemischt und nach Absieben einer Grobfraktion 4 einer ersten Klassierstufe 5 zugeführt. Die Grobfraktion 4 umfasst ein Kornspektrum zwischen 4 mm und 60 mm und kann optional in zwei oder mehrere Grobfraktionen aufgeteilt werden. Die dazu eingesetzten Siebvorrichtungen können mit Metallabscheidern zur Abscheidung von Nichteisenmetallen oder Eisen ausgestattet sein.The ash 1 comes from a waste incineration plant, in particular a domestic waste incineration plant, and is mixed with liquid 3 in a mash tank 2 and, after screening a coarse fraction 4, is fed to a first classification stage 5. The coarse fraction 4 comprises a grain spectrum between 4 mm and 60 mm and can optionally be divided into two or more coarse fractions. The sieve devices used for this purpose can equipped with metal separators for the deposition of non-ferrous metals or iron.

Die Klassierstufe 5 umfasst einen Aufstromklassierer 6 und eine vorgeschaltete Hydrozyklonanlage 7. Der Aufgabestrom wird in der Klassierstufe 5 in eine schadstofffreie Gutfraktion 8 und eine mit Schadstoffen belastete Restfraktion 9 aufgetrennt, wobei die Restfraktion 9 an der Oberseite eines im Aufstromklassierer 6 erzeugten Fließbettes als Suspension abgezogen wird und wobei die an der Unterseite des Fließbettes abgezogene Gutfraktion 8 mittels einer ersten Siebvorrichtung 10 entwässert wird. Der Siebrückstand 11 der ersten Siebvorrichtung 10 weist zweckmäßig eine untere Korngröße von mehr als 150 µm auf. Vorzugsweise wird die Klassierstufe 5 so betrieben, dass der Siebrückstand 11 der Siebvorrichtung 10 ein Kornspektrum zwischen 250 µm und 4 mm aufweist. Aus dem Siebrückstand werden Metalle 12 abgeschieden, die als Wertstoffe verwertet werden können. Der Siebrückstand 11 mit einem Kornspektrum zwischen 0,25 mm bis 4 mm ist schadstofffrei und kann wirtschaftlich verwertet werden.The classifying stage 5 comprises an upflow classifier 6 and an upstream hydrocyclone plant 7. The feed stream is separated in the classifying stage 5 into a pollutant-free material fraction 8 and a residual fraction 9 loaded with pollutants, the residual fraction 9 being withdrawn as a suspension at the top of a fluidized bed produced in the upflow classifier 6 and wherein the withdrawn at the bottom of the fluidized bed Gutfraktion 8 is drained by a first sieve device 10. The screen residue 11 of the first screening device 10 expediently has a lower particle size of more than 150 μm. Preferably, the classifying stage 5 is operated so that the screen residue 11 of the screening device 10 has a particle size range between 250 μm and 4 mm. From the sieve residue metals 12 are deposited, which can be recycled as recyclables. The Siebrückstand 11 with a grain spectrum between 0.25 mm to 4 mm is pollutant-free and can be recycled economically.

Der Siebdurchgang 13 der Siebvorrichtung 10 wird in die Hydrozyklonanlage 7 zurückgeführt, die im Ausführungsbeispiel zwei parallel geschaltete Hydrozyklone 14, 14' aufweist. Der Aufgabestrom wird einem ersten Hydrozyklon 14 der Hydrozyklonanlage 7 zugeführt. Der Siebdurchgang 13 der Siebvorrichtung 10 gelangt als Feed in den zweiten Hydrozyklon 14' der Hydrozyklonanlage 7. Die Zyklonüberläufe 15, 15' der parallel geschalteten Hydrozyklone 14, 14' enthalten im Wesentlichen nur Partikel, die kleiner sind als das Trennkorn der ersten Siebvorrichtung 10. Im Ausführungsbeispiel weist der Siebrückstand 11 der ersten Siebvorrichtung 10 eine untere Korngröße von mehr als 150 µm, vorzugsweise eine untere Korngröße von etwa 250 µm auf. Die Zyklonüberläufe 15, 15' sind für einen Trennschnitt von etwa 60 bis 70 µm ausgelegt und führen im Wesentlichen nur Partikel mit einer Korngröße von weniger als 100 µm mit.The sieve passage 13 of the sieve device 10 is returned to the hydrocyclone plant 7, which in the exemplary embodiment has two parallel-connected hydrocyclones 14, 14 '. The feed stream is fed to a first hydrocyclone 14 of the hydrocyclone unit 7. The sieve passage 13 of the sieve device 10 passes as feed into the second hydrocyclone 14 'of the hydrocyclone plant 7. The cyclone overflows 15, 15' of the parallel connected hydrocyclones 14, 14 'contain essentially only particles which are smaller than the separating grain of the first sieve device 10. In the exemplary embodiment, the screen residue 11 of the first screening device 10 has a lower particle size of more than 150 μm, preferably a lower particle size of about 250 μm. The cyclone overflows 15, 15 'are designed for a separation section of about 60 to 70 microns and essentially carry only particles with a particle size of less than 100 microns.

Aus der aus dem Aufstromklassierer 6 abgezogenen Restfraktion 9 werden organische Leichtstoffe, insbesondere auch faserförmige Stoffe, abgetrennt, wobei die Abtrennung der Leichtstoffe beispielsweise mittels eines Taumelsiebes 16 erfolgen kann. Anschließend wird die Restfraktion 9 zusammen mit den Zyklonüberläufen 15, 15' einer zweiten Klassierstufe 17 zugeführt, in der die Stoffströme in eine feinteilige mineralische Fraktion 18 sowie einen mit Schadstoffen belasteten Rückstand 19 aufgetrennt werden. Die zweite Klassierstufe 17 wird so betrieben, dass der Rückstand 19 eine Kornobergrenze zwischen 20 µm und 50 µm aufweist. Bevorzugt ist eine Kornobergrenze des Rückstandes 19 von etwa 25 µm.From the residue fraction 9 withdrawn from the upflow classifier 6, organic lightweight materials, in particular also fibrous substances, are separated off, wherein the separation of the light substances can take place, for example, by means of a tumble screen 16. Subsequently, the residual fraction 9 is fed together with the cyclone overflows 15, 15 'to a second classification stage 17, in which the material streams are separated into a finely divided mineral fraction 18 and a residue 19 contaminated with pollutants. The second classifying stage 17 is operated such that the residue 19 has a grain upper limit between 20 μm and 50 μm. Preferably, a grain upper limit of the residue 19 of about 25 microns.

In der zweiten Klassierstufe 17 wird eine Hydrozyklonanlage 20 verwendet, wobei die feinteilige mineralische Fraktion 18 als Zyklonunterlauf abgezogen wird und der Zyklonüberlauf den mit Schadstoffen belasteten feinteiligen Rückstand 19 mitführt. Der Zyklonunterlauf wird mittels einer zweiten Siebvorrichtung 21 entwässert, wobei aus dem Siebrückstand 22 zweckmäßig Metalle 23 abgeschieden werden. Es fällt ein feinteiliges mineralisches Wertprodukt an, welches ein Kornspektrum zwischen 20 µm und 250 µm aufweist. Zusätzlich fallen Metalle 23 in feinteiliger Form an, die ebenfalls als Wertstoffe verwertet werden können.In the second classification stage 17, a hydrocyclone plant 20 is used, wherein the finely divided mineral fraction 18 is withdrawn as a cyclone underflow and the cyclone overflow entrained with pollutants finely divided residue 19. The cyclone underflow is dewatered by means of a second screening device 21, wherein metals 23 are expediently separated from the screen residue 22. It falls to a finely divided mineral product of value, which has a particle size range between 20 microns and 250 microns. In addition, metals 23 fall in finely divided form, which can also be recycled as recyclables.

Die Hydrozyklonanlage 20 weist zwei parallel geschaltete Hydrozyklone 29, 29' auf, wobei der Aufgabestrom einem ersten Hydrozyklon 29 der Hydrozyklonanlage 20 und der Siebdurchgang 30 der zweiten Siebvorrichtung 21 dem zweiten Hydrozyklon 29' der Hydrozyklonanlage zugeführt wird. Die Zyklonüberläufe 31, 31' der parallel geschalteten Hydrozyklone 29, 29' werden einem Eindicker 24 zugeführt.The hydrocyclone plant 20 has two hydrocyclones 29, 29 'connected in parallel, the feed stream being fed to a first hydrocyclone 29 of the hydrocyclone plant 20 and the sieve passage 30 of the second screening device 21 to the second hydrocyclone 29' of the hydrocyclone plant. The cyclone overflows 31, 31 'of the parallel-connected hydrocyclones 29, 29' are fed to a thickener 24.

Der Zyklonüberlauf der in der zweiten Klassierstufe 17 eingesetzten Hydrozyklonanlage 20 wird in dem Eindicker 24 aufkonzentriert, wobei geklärte Flüssigkeit 25 aus dem Eindicker 24 abgezogen und in den Prozess zurückgeführt wird. Die Flüssigkeitsrückführung umfasst einen Flüssigkeitstank 26, an den eine Wasseraufbereitungsanlage angeschlossen ist. Aus dem Eindicker 24 wird eine Suspension 28 mit hohem Feststoffgehalt abgezogen, die anschließend durch eine Druckfiltration 27 entwässert wird. Der feinteilige Rückstand hat ein Kornspektrum mit einer Kornobergrenze zwischen 20 µm und 50 µm, wobei vorzugsweise eine Kornobergrenze von etwa 25 µm gewählt wird. Der ausschließlich aus sehr feinteiligen Partikeln bestehende Rückstand hat eine große Oberfläche, an der die in der Asche enthaltenden Schadstoffe wirksam gebunden sind. Auch Metalloxide werden mit dem feinteiligen Rückstand abgeschieden. The cyclone overflow of the hydrocyclone plant 20 used in the second classification stage 17 is concentrated in the thickener 24, wherein clarified liquid 25 is withdrawn from the thickener 24 and returned to the process. The liquid return comprises a liquid tank 26 to which a water treatment plant is connected. From the thickener 24 a suspension 28 is withdrawn with a high solids content, which is then dewatered by a pressure filtration 27. The finely divided residue has a grain spectrum with a grain upper limit between 20 microns and 50 microns, preferably a grain upper limit of about 25 microns is selected. The residue, which consists exclusively of very finely divided particles, has a large surface, at which the pollutants contained in the ash are effectively bound. Metal oxides are also deposited with the finely divided residue.

Claims (10)

  1. Process for treating ash from refuse incineration plants by wet classification, wherein:
    - ash (1) is mixed with liquid (3) in a slurrying vessel (2) and, after sieving off a coarse fraction (4), is fed as feed stream to a first classification stage (5);
    - the feed stream is separated in the first classification stage (5) into a pollutant-free good fraction (8) and a polluted residual fraction (9);
    - the good fraction (8) is dewatered by means of a first sieve apparatus (10), giving a sieve residue (11) having a minimum particle size of more than 150 pm;
    - the residual fraction (9) is separated in a second classification stage (17) into a fine mineral fraction (18) and a polluted residue (19), where the residue (19) has an upper limit to the particle size in the range from 20 µm to 50 pm;
    - the fine mineral fraction (18) is dewatered by means of a second sieve apparatus (21);
    - metals (12, 23) are separated from the sieve residue (11) of the first sieve apparatus (10) and/or from the sieve residue (22) of the second sieve apparatus (21).
  2. Process according to Claim 1, characterized in that the sieve residue (11) of the first sieve apparatus (10) has a minimum particle size of about 250 µm.
  3. Process according to Claim 1, characterized in that the sieve residue (11) of the first sieve apparatus (10) has a particle size range from 0.25 mm to 4 mm.
  4. Process according to any of Claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the sieve residue (22) of the second sieve apparatus (21) has a particle size range from 20 µm to 250 µm.
  5. Process according to any of Claims 1 to 4, characterized in that, in the first classification stage (5), a polluted fraction is taken off as suspension at the upper side of a fluidized bed produced in an upflow classifier (6), in that the good fraction (8) is taken off at the underside of the upflow classifier (6) and is dewatered by means of the first sieve apparatus (10), where the material (11) which passes through the sieve of the first sieve apparatus (10) is returned to a hydrocyclone plant (7) preceding the upflow classifier (6) and the cyclone overflow from the hydrocyclone plant (7) entrains essentially only particles having a particle size of less than 100 µm and is fed together with the polluted fraction as residual fraction (9) to the second classification stage (17).
  6. Process according to Claim 5, characterized in that organic light materials are separated off from the polluted fraction before this fraction is subsequently fed together with the cyclone overflow to the second classification stage (17).
  7. Process according to any of Claims 1 to 6, characterized in that a hydrocyclone plant (20) is used in the second classification stage (17), with the mineral fraction (18) being taken off as cyclone underflow and the cyclone overflow entrains the polluted fine residue (19) .
  8. Process according to Claim 6 or 7, characterized in that the cyclone overflow from the hydrocyclone plant (20) used in the second classification stage (17) is concentrated in a thickener (24), with clarified liquid (25) being taken off from the thickener (24) and recirculated to the process.
  9. Process according to Claim 8, characterized in that a suspension (28) having a high solids content is taken off from the thickener (24) and subsequently dewatered.
  10. Process according to Claim 9, characterized in that a pressure filtration (27) is used for dewatering the residue.
EP14827784.1A 2013-12-23 2014-12-23 Process for treating ash from refuse incineration plants by wet classification Active EP3087318B1 (en)

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DE102014100725.5A DE102014100725B3 (en) 2013-12-23 2014-01-23 Process for the treatment of ash from waste incineration plants by wet classification
PCT/EP2014/079260 WO2015097256A1 (en) 2013-12-23 2014-12-23 Process for treating ash from refuse incineration plants by wet classification

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AU2016297876A1 (en) * 2015-07-25 2018-03-15 Tav Holdings, Inc. System and method for recovering desired materials from fines in incinerator ash
PL414609A1 (en) * 2015-10-29 2017-05-08 Henryk Karcz Method for recovery of combustible material from the bottom cinders and the installation for recovery of combustible material from the cinders
DE102016106053A1 (en) 2016-04-03 2017-10-05 Schauenburg Maschinen- Und Anlagen-Bau Gmbh Process and plant for the treatment of ash from waste incineration plants
DE102016106054A1 (en) * 2016-04-03 2017-10-05 Schauenburg Maschinen- Und Anlagen-Bau Gmbh Process and plant for the treatment of ash from waste incineration plants
DK3252377T3 (en) * 2016-05-30 2020-06-15 Martin Gmbh Fuer Umwelt Und Energietechnik METHOD OF TREATMENT OF SLAUGHTER FROM A COMBUSTION DEVICE
DE102016117741B4 (en) * 2016-09-20 2019-01-24 Schauenburg Maschinen- Und Anlagen-Bau Gmbh Process and plant for the treatment of ash from waste incineration plants
CN108918367B (en) * 2018-06-15 2021-04-09 酒泉钢铁(集团)有限责任公司 Detection method for rapidly identifying harmful substance source in iron ore powder
CA3123625A1 (en) * 2018-12-18 2020-06-25 Sepro Mineral Systems Corp. Recovery of material from wet incinerator bottom ash

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WO2015097256A1 (en) 2015-07-02
CN105980775B (en) 2018-07-20
US10213790B2 (en) 2019-02-26
CN105980775A (en) 2016-09-28
WO2015096977A1 (en) 2015-07-02
US20160310960A1 (en) 2016-10-27
PL3087317T3 (en) 2019-05-31
EP3087317A1 (en) 2016-11-02
EP3087317B1 (en) 2018-12-12
PL3087318T3 (en) 2019-05-31
EP3087318A1 (en) 2016-11-02

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