EP3070231B1 - Recouvrement interchangeable avec connecteur a fiches - Google Patents

Recouvrement interchangeable avec connecteur a fiches Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3070231B1
EP3070231B1 EP16160985.4A EP16160985A EP3070231B1 EP 3070231 B1 EP3070231 B1 EP 3070231B1 EP 16160985 A EP16160985 A EP 16160985A EP 3070231 B1 EP3070231 B1 EP 3070231B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
plug connection
underground
laying
unit
structures
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Application number
EP16160985.4A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP3070231A1 (fr
Inventor
Michael Pekovsek
Gottfried Steiner
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Weitzer Holding GmbH
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Weitzer Holding GmbH
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
    • E04F11/00—Stairways, ramps, or like structures; Balustrades; Handrails
    • E04F11/02—Stairways; Layouts thereof
    • E04F11/104—Treads
    • E04F11/1045—Treads composed of several layers, e.g. sandwich panels
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
    • E04F15/00—Flooring
    • E04F15/02—Flooring or floor layers composed of a number of similar elements
    • E04F15/02194—Flooring consisting of a number of elements carried by a non-rollable common support plate or grid
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
    • E04F15/00—Flooring
    • E04F15/22—Resiliently-mounted floors, e.g. sprung floors
    • E04F15/225—Shock absorber members therefor
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
    • E04F11/00—Stairways, ramps, or like structures; Balustrades; Handrails
    • E04F11/002—Ramps
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
    • E04F11/00—Stairways, ramps, or like structures; Balustrades; Handrails
    • E04F11/02—Stairways; Layouts thereof
    • E04F11/104—Treads
    • E04F11/108—Treads of wood or with an upper layer of wood
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
    • E04F13/00—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings
    • E04F13/07—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor
    • E04F13/072—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor composed of specially adapted, structured or shaped covering or lining elements
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
    • E04F13/00—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings
    • E04F13/07—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor
    • E04F13/08—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor composed of a plurality of similar covering or lining elements
    • E04F13/0866—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor composed of a plurality of similar covering or lining elements composed of several layers, e.g. sandwich panels or layered panels
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
    • E04F13/00—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings
    • E04F13/07—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor
    • E04F13/08—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor composed of a plurality of similar covering or lining elements
    • E04F13/0885—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor composed of a plurality of similar covering or lining elements specially adapted for being adhesively fixed to the wall; Fastening means therefor; Fixing by means of plastics materials hardening after application
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
    • E04F13/00—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings
    • E04F13/07—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor
    • E04F13/08—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor composed of a plurality of similar covering or lining elements
    • E04F13/0889—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor composed of a plurality of similar covering or lining elements characterised by the joints between neighbouring elements, e.g. with joint fillings or with tongue and groove connections
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
    • E04F13/00—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings
    • E04F13/07—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor
    • E04F13/08—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor composed of a plurality of similar covering or lining elements
    • E04F13/10—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor composed of a plurality of similar covering or lining elements of wood or with an outer layer of wood
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
    • E04F15/00—Flooring
    • E04F15/02—Flooring or floor layers composed of a number of similar elements
    • E04F15/02044—Separate elements for fastening to an underlayer
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
    • E04F15/00—Flooring
    • E04F15/02—Flooring or floor layers composed of a number of similar elements
    • E04F15/02133—Flooring or floor layers composed of a number of similar elements fixed directly to an underlayer by means of magnets, hook and loop-type or similar fasteners, not necessarily involving the side faces of the flooring elements
    • E04F15/02138—Flooring or floor layers composed of a number of similar elements fixed directly to an underlayer by means of magnets, hook and loop-type or similar fasteners, not necessarily involving the side faces of the flooring elements by hook and loop-type fasteners
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
    • E04F15/00—Flooring
    • E04F15/02—Flooring or floor layers composed of a number of similar elements
    • E04F15/0215—Flooring or floor layers composed of a number of similar elements specially adapted for being adhesively fixed to an underlayer; Fastening means therefor; Fixing by means of plastics materials hardening after application
    • E04F15/02155—Adhesive means specially adapted therefor, e.g. adhesive foils or strips
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
    • E04F15/00—Flooring
    • E04F15/02—Flooring or floor layers composed of a number of similar elements
    • E04F15/024—Sectional false floors, e.g. computer floors
    • E04F15/02405—Floor panels
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
    • E04F15/00—Flooring
    • E04F15/02—Flooring or floor layers composed of a number of similar elements
    • E04F15/04—Flooring or floor layers composed of a number of similar elements only of wood or with a top layer of wood, e.g. with wooden or metal connecting members
    • E04F15/041—Flooring or floor layers composed of a number of similar elements only of wood or with a top layer of wood, e.g. with wooden or metal connecting members with a top layer of wood in combination with a lower layer of other material
    • E04F15/042—Flooring or floor layers composed of a number of similar elements only of wood or with a top layer of wood, e.g. with wooden or metal connecting members with a top layer of wood in combination with a lower layer of other material the lower layer being of fibrous or chipped material, e.g. bonded with synthetic resins
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
    • E04F2201/00—Joining sheets or plates or panels
    • E04F2201/08—Joining sheets or plates or panels hook and loop-type fastener or similar fixing means
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
    • E04F2201/00—Joining sheets or plates or panels
    • E04F2201/09—Puzzle-type connections for interlocking male and female panel edge-parts
    • E04F2201/095—Puzzle-type connections for interlocking male and female panel edge-parts with both connection parts, i.e. male and female connection parts alternating on one edge
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
    • E04F2290/00—Specially adapted covering, lining or flooring elements not otherwise provided for
    • E04F2290/02—Specially adapted covering, lining or flooring elements not otherwise provided for for accommodating service installations or utility lines, e.g. heating conduits, electrical lines, lighting devices or service outlets

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a subsurface laying unit, a surface laying unit, a functional structure laying unit, an interchangeable covering and a method for covering a subsurface with an alternating covering.
  • Parquet and other conventional panels as floor or wall coverings are relatively complex to lay. The renovation or replacement of such floor or wall coverings also requires a great deal of time and money.
  • WO 2012/156192 discloses a surface laying unit created for laying with other surface laying units on a sub-floor, the surface laying unit having a wear layer and a connection structure which is attached directly to an underside of the wear layer and which is set up to connect to the base.
  • WO 2006/027029 and US 2015/047286 each disclose similar subsurface and surface laying units with releasable snap-in connectors.
  • claims 1, 6 and 8 define an underground laying unit, a surface laying unit and a functional structure laying unit. Furthermore, claims 9 and 13 define an interchangeable covering comprising subsurface and surface laying units, and a method for covering a subsurface with such an interchangeable covering.
  • an underground laying unit is created for laying with other, in particular similar, underground laying units for covering a substrate, the underground laying unit having a mounting structure on the underground is designed for fastening to the subsurface, and has a plug connection structure facing away from the subsurface for detachable plug connections, in particular with the formation of a snap-in plug connection, with a correspondingly designed plug connection structure of a surface installation unit that has a useful structure.
  • a surface laying unit for laying with other, in particular similar, surface laying units on underground laying units, in particular on underground laying units with the features described above, for forming an exchangeable covering, the surface laying unit having a useful structure for forming an exposed outer surface of the exchangeable covering, and has a plug connection structure facing away from the utility structure for detachable plug connection, in particular with the formation of a snap-in plug connection, with a correspondingly designed plug connection structure of the underground laying units, which have an underground fastening structure.
  • a functional structure laying unit for arranging between an underground laying unit, in particular with the features described above, and a surface laying unit, in particular with the features described above is created, the functional structure laying unit having a plug connection structure on the top which is used to form a detachable plug connection on the top, in particular below Formation of a snap-in plug connection, which is designed with a corresponding plug connection structure of the surface installation unit, a plug connection structure on the underside which is designed to form a detachable plug connection on the underside, in particular with the formation of a snap plug connection, with a corresponding plug connection structure of the underground installation unit, and a functional structure for providing a Has additional function in an alternating covering that is formed consists of the underground laying unit fastened to the sub-floor, the surface laying unit exposed on an exposed upper side of the interchangeable covering and the functional structure arranged in between.
  • an interchangeable surface for covering a subsurface, the interchangeable surface having a plurality of subsurface laying units with the features described above, which are designed jointly to cover the subsurface, in particular essentially without gaps, and a plurality of surface laying units with those described above Features which are designed to cover, in particular essentially gap-free, the underground laying units covering the underground, the plug connection structures of the underground laying units and the plug connection structures of the surface laying units being adapted to one another in such a way that they form a detachable plug connection, in particular a snap-in connection. Plug connection, can be brought into plug engagement with one another.
  • a method for covering a subsurface with an interchangeable covering is created, in which case fastening structures of a plurality of subsurface laying units are attached to the subsurface, so that plug connection structures and detachable plug connections, in particular under formation, are exposed on an exposed surface of the installed subsurface laying units a snap-in plug connection, between the plug connection structures of the underground laying units and correspondingly designed plug connection structures of a plurality of surface laying units are formed in such a way that an, in particular essentially gap-free, arrangement of useful structures of the surface laying units is formed on an exposed surface of the interchangeable covering formed from the underground laying units and the surface laying units .
  • a “surface laying unit” can be understood to mean in particular a sub-floor covering module whose wear layer is exposed or visible to the outside (possibly still covered with an optional protective coating, etc.) when laid on or over a sub-surface.
  • the surface laying unit can be laid, for example, by means of a plug connection structure on the underside of the surface laying unit and by means of an associated plug connection structure on the upper side of the underground laying unit connected to the surface laying unit.
  • the term surface laying unit is to be understood as meaning that it can be placed on any flat surface, for example a horizontal surface (in particular a floor, stair or ceiling surface), an inclined surface (in particular a ramp) or a vertical surface (in particular a wall surface ) can be relocated.
  • the wear layer or the surface laying unit can also be laid directly on a flat surface.
  • a "subsurface laying unit” can be understood to mean, in particular, a subsurface covering module that can be directly connected to a subsurface, in particular to a building subsurface, for example can be laid directly on the subsurface (i.e. without further components in between).
  • This laying can take place, for example, by means of a fastening structure on the underside of the underground laying unit. It can be laid on the floor, on stairs, on ceilings or on walls.
  • a “subsurface” can be understood to mean, in particular, any (for example flat) surface that can be covered with a covering.
  • the subsurface can be a subsurface of a building (for For example, a building floor, a building ceiling or a building wall), ie an on-site subsurface.
  • a staircase or stairs in particular horizontal and / or vertical surfaces of steps
  • surface laying units and / or subsurface laying units can then be laid with any of the configurations described in this application.
  • the subsurface for a surface laying unit can, however, also be a subsurface laying unit if a subsurface laying unit is to be optionally but advantageously interposed between an on-site subsurface and a surface laying unit.
  • a subsurface laying unit is to be optionally but advantageously interposed between an on-site subsurface and a surface laying unit.
  • a “useful structure” can be understood to mean, in particular, a surface layer on which the actual mechanical and / or chemical and / or thermal stress on the laid floor or wall covering occurs.
  • the usable structure is also the one that, when laid, visibly influences the design and appearance of the covering for a user. In the case of parquet, this is the layer that a user uses as the floor to walk on. In the case of stairs, this is the layer that defines the treads.
  • a “top side” of a layer or an element can be understood to mean, in particular, a main surface of this layer or this element that faces away from the subsurface when this layer or this element is laid as intended.
  • an "underside” of a layer or an element can be understood to mean in particular such a main surface of this layer or this element, which, when this layer or element is laid as intended, faces the subsurface.
  • a “detachable plug connection” of two elements by means of two plug connection structures can in particular be understood to mean that after such a positive connection has been formed, it can be detached again reversibly and non-destructively by applying a detaching force.
  • the two interacting plug connection structures can be reused after they have been released, in particular reused at least ten times, without the connection function suffering or being impaired.
  • Such a connection can be released by a user without the use of a tool.
  • a releasing force of less than 100 N can be sufficient for such a release.
  • the loosening force should be more than 20 N.
  • the forces can also have other sizes.
  • an interchangeable covering and its constituents adapted to one another (subsurface laying unit, surface laying unit and possibly functional structure laying unit) is provided, in which a simple, tool-free and non-destructive exchange of the outwardly appearing useful structure of the surface laying unit is made possible.
  • a plug connection structure on an upper side of the laid underground laying units with a correspondingly designed plug connection structure on an underside of the surface laying unit so that a stable plug connection is achieved by simply lowering the surface laying units vertically and plugging them onto the already laid on a subgrade Underground installation units can be formed without the need for further assembly steps.
  • the detachability of the plug-in connection can be reversibly detached from the underground installation units by simply pulling the surface installation units (e.g. worn or replaced due to another desired useful structure) without the need to destroy the interchangeable covering, in particular the underground installation units, or costly dismantling.
  • the formation of the plug connection between the opposing plug-in surfaces of the surface laying unit and the underground laying unit not only creates an extremely stable and yet tool-free detachable connection, but that such a plug connection is also able to be manufactured on an industrial scale and can be compensated for thermal stresses and other mechanical stresses inside the interchangeable lining has extremely favorable properties.
  • “compensating ability” is understood to mean, in particular, the ability of the alternating covering to perform compensatory expansions or deformations in interaction with the occurring tensions when thermal stresses and other mechanical stresses occur inside the alternating covering. Due to the positive engagement of the corresponding plug connection structures of the surface laying unit and the underground laying unit, lateral coupling (i.e. coupling to the longitudinal and / or front sides) of the surface laying units can be dispensed with, which further improves the manufacturing and assembly effort without loss of mechanical stability.
  • the fastening structure of the underground installation unit can be an adhesive structure or at least one in the Have substrate to be introduced fastening element.
  • a double-sided adhesive film, a hot melt adhesive, etc. can be used as the adhesive structure in order to fix the sub-floor laying units firmly and permanently to the sub-floor.
  • the underground laying units can be anchored to the underground using one or more fastening elements such as screws, nails or rivets.
  • the fastening structure of the underground laying unit can be designed as a body that essentially covers the entire surface of the underground, in particular as a flat carrier layer. If the underside of the subsurface laying units is fastened to the subsurface over the entire surface, there is no need for undesired detachment of the subsurface laying units that remain permanently on the subsurface even when changing surface installation units.
  • the fastening structure can be advantageous to also provide the fastening structure as a full-surface body (that is to say, in particular, a continuous layer) in order to enable a large adhesive surface.
  • the fastening structure can maintain a certain elasticity or bendability, which even with thermal or other mechanical stresses on the substrate or within the alternating covering Relief of such tensions is made possible without the stability of the plug connection between the individual constituents of the interchangeable lining being impaired.
  • the plug connection structure of the underground installation unit can have a plurality of plug connection elements which protrude in a raised manner with respect to the fastening structure. Since such plug-in connection elements protrude upwards with respect to the carrier layer, a form fit with corresponding plug-in connection elements of the surface laying units is made possible.
  • plug connection elements protruding above the support structure
  • plug connection elements which are provided as grooves, through holes or recesses in the fastening structure, for example designed as a support layer.
  • the plug-in connection elements of the underground laying unit can have an in particular oval snap ring for forming a snap-in plug connection with corresponding leaf spring structures of the plug connection structure of the corresponding surface laying unit.
  • a snap body which is designed as an essentially rigid structure for forming a snap connection with leaf spring structures on the surface laying unit, allows a stable plug connection to be formed which at the same time is easily detachable.
  • Such a snap connection can also be made by shifting elements of the installation device only in one main surface plane (and not perpendicular to it) of the subsurface installation unit or the surface installation unit, so that the formation of the snap connection does not lead to an increase in the overall height of the interchangeable covering.
  • the snap body can in particular be designed as a snap ring, that is to say in a material and weight-saving manner with the formation of an inner hole, or as a solid snap body, and therefore particularly stable.
  • a snap ring that is to say in a material and weight-saving manner with the formation of an inner hole, or as a solid snap body, and therefore particularly stable.
  • other types of snap connections are also possible in accordance with other exemplary embodiments.
  • the plug-in connection elements of the underground laying unit can have positioning knobs, which can be set up to intervene in corresponding, in particular oval, guide ring structures of the plug-in connection structure of the corresponding surface laying unit to enable compensatory movement.
  • the positioning knobs can be designed as point or pin-shaped protrusions that are inserted into grooves or through holes in the interior of Engage guide ring structures.
  • the positioning knobs can align the leaf spring structures with associated snap elements in such a way that the snap body locks securely in place regardless of a deformation and / or movement within a plane of extent of the underground laying unit.
  • the positioning knobs can align the leaf spring structures with associated snap elements in such a way that the snap bodies lock securely in place regardless of any deformation / movement in the surface.
  • the underground laying unit can also have load-bearing structures, in particular load-bearing ribs, which are arranged between the plug-in connection elements, protrude in a raised manner with respect to the fastening structure and are designed to absorb mechanical loads acting on the underground laying unit.
  • load-bearing structures in particular load-bearing ribs, which are arranged between the plug-in connection elements, protrude in a raised manner with respect to the fastening structure and are designed to absorb mechanical loads acting on the underground laying unit.
  • the load-bearing structures can be formed in exposed surface areas of the underground installation units, which a mechanical load acting from the surface installation unit through the load-bearing structures in the Introduce the ground without significantly or excessively mechanical stress on the connector elements.
  • the load-bearing structures are able to withstand both static loads (for example a piece of furniture that is permanently on a Floor covering designed interchangeable covering) as well as dynamic loads (for example the tread load of a user who walks over the interchangeable covering designed as a floor covering).
  • the snap ring can have a larger dimension in a first direction of extent than in a second direction of extent orthogonal thereto, the snap ring being arranged along the first direction of extent between two load-bearing structures extending along the second direction of extent, and the snap ring being arranged along the second Extension direction is arranged between two positioning knobs.
  • the compensating movement can thus be made possible in a direction which is perpendicular to another direction along which the load-bearing structures extend. In this way, especially when connector unit cells formed in the manner described are arranged alternately in different directions, efficient load absorption can be combined with a stable and at the same time sufficiently flexible connector function and the available surface can be used efficiently.
  • the connector structure of the underground laying unit can be designed as a, in particular two-dimensional, periodically repeating grid, in particular with a grid dimension in a range between 10 mm and 100 mm, of connector unit cells.
  • a grid structure can be provided with which, on the one hand, a fastening of, for example, differently dimensioned or differently laid surface laying units is also made possible across underground laying units. This increases the flexibility of a user when assembling the interchangeable covering made up of any combination of modules. At the same time, such a grid leads to a homogeneous load distribution and to a uniform provision of a plug-in connection force resulting from form and frictional engagement.
  • the grid can be formed by an, in particular two-dimensional, alternating sequence of the connector unit cells which extend alternately in a first orientation direction and in a second orientation direction orthogonal thereto.
  • a connector unit cell in the grid, can initially be oriented in a first direction and then in another second direction (for example, orthogonal to the first direction). This means that the loads that occur can be better distributed across the various spatial directions.
  • Such an alternating sequence of plug connection unit cells of different spatial orientations can also improve a fastening effect through plug connection forces acting in different spatial directions.
  • a respective plug connection unit cell can be formed by an arrangement of snap ring, load-bearing structures and positioning knobs with the features described above.
  • a spatial anisotropy of the load introduction properties or the compensating movement properties can be achieved in small dimensions, but a spatially isotropic characteristic on a large scale.
  • Both the guide structures and the load-bearing structures can clearly extend alternately in the longitudinal or transverse direction. Other angles between the alternating directions of extension are also possible.
  • the plug connection structure of the underground installation unit can have a plurality of plug connection elements that have the features of the plug connection elements that are used below for the surface laying unit to be described are formed.
  • the configurations of the underground laying unit described so far can, for example, be combined with a flat carrier plate of the fastening structure, from which the mentioned plug-in connection elements or load-bearing structures then protrude vertically.
  • the mentioned plug-in connection elements in particular snap bodies, positioning knobs, etc.
  • load-bearing structures for example load-bearing ribs
  • a flat support plate or the like may be unnecessary.
  • a flat carrier plate with the above-described plug-in connection elements (snap-on bodies, positioning knobs) or load-bearing structures (in particular load-bearing ribs) can also be provided on a flat carrier plate or the like on the side of the surface installation unit, in which case the plug-in connection elements described below and preferably to be integrated in a frame structure.
  • Load bearing structures can be formed as part of the underground laying unit.
  • the underground laying unit and / or the surface laying unit can be designed as a cast structure (in particular a die-cast structure or injection-molded structure), as a milled structure or as a generatively constructed structure (in particular a 3D printed structure or a laser sintered structure). It is particularly preferred to design the underground laying unit as a cast structure in order to enable inexpensive manufacture on an industrial scale.
  • a technology for producing the plug connection is also compatible with materials which, with good mechanical robustness, also offer the elasticity or flexibility to compensate for mechanical stresses that occur.
  • the underground laying unit and / or the surface laying unit can be designed as a one-piece and / or one-material body.
  • production is possible with little effort, since the formation of connections between individual components of the laying device is unnecessary.
  • the one-material nature of the laying device has the advantage, in addition to the ease of manufacture, that material bridges and associated undesirable effects (for example different thermal expansion coefficients, which can lead to the development of mechanical stresses during operation) can be avoided.
  • the underground laying unit and / or the surface laying unit can comprise or consist of plastic, metal and / or wood-plastic composite material.
  • Polymer materials i.e. materials made from synthetic plastic and / or modified natural polymers
  • metal such as aluminum
  • wood plastic composites each combine inexpensive manufacturability with high mechanical robustness and good elasticity.
  • the underground laying unit and / or the surface laying unit can each have a vertical thickness in a range between 0.5 mm and 10 mm, in particular between 1 mm and 3 mm.
  • the desired stability properties can be provided with an extremely low tree height, thus saving material and compact.
  • the underground laying unit can have a lateral coupling structure, in particular at least one dovetail structure, which can be provided in at least one edge area of the underground laying unit and which can be designed to be coupled to a corresponding lateral coupling structure of another, in particular similar, underground laying unit.
  • a five-fold fixation has proven to be particularly advantageous, in particular twice in the x-direction, once in the y-direction and twice in the z-direction.
  • x and y denote mutually orthogonal directions in a laying plane and z a direction orthogonal to x and y perpendicular to the laying plane.
  • a such fixation can for example be designed like a hook.
  • the fastening structure of the underground laying unit can be designed to fasten the underground laying unit to the underground in a point-like, linear or full-area manner.
  • Full gluing ensures particularly good and reliable attachment.
  • Point-by-point gluing allows particularly high flexibility, elasticity and the ability to compensate for movement.
  • a linear gluing or fastening creates a balance between the two borderline cases described.
  • the underground installation unit can have a functional structure (i.e. a structure which integrates an additional function in the removable covering) between the plug connection structure and the fastening structure. It is thus advantageously possible to provide a desired additional function of the interchangeable covering on the sub-floor installation side.
  • a functional layer can advantageously be equipped with plug connections that are oriented downwards and upwards and adapted to the subsurface and surfaces.
  • the functional structure can be used as a heating device (for heating the removable covering), cooling device (for cooling the Removable covering), sound-absorbing device (for damping footfall noise), sensor device (for example, to detect a user walking on the removable covering, for example in the context of an alarm system), actuator device and / or mechanical reinforcement device (for increasing the stability of the exchangeable covering).
  • a heating device for heating the removable covering
  • cooling device for cooling the Removable covering
  • sound-absorbing device for damping footfall noise
  • sensor device for example, to detect a user walking on the removable covering, for example in the context of an alarm system
  • actuator device for a mechanical reinforcement device (for increasing the stability of the exchangeable covering).
  • other functional structures are also possible, for example generative and / or recuperative elements.
  • the useful structure of the surface laying unit can be selected from a group consisting of a layer comprising wood, a layer made of wood, a stone layer, a ceramic layer, a carpet, a tile layer and a plastic layer.
  • the useful structure is rigid or rigid (as in the case of wood, stone, tiles, etc.), and in another embodiment it is flexible or elastic (as for example in the case of carpet or certain plastics). It has been found that the formation of plug connections is compatible with all of these useful structures. Cork, fabric, fabric, metal plates, artificial turf and glass are also possible materials for the useful structure according to exemplary embodiments. Hybrid solutions made of several materials and / or combinations of several of the mentioned and other materials are also possible.
  • the useful structure can have a thickness in a range between 0.5 mm and 4 mm.
  • the useful structure can have a thickness in a range between 0.5 mm and 2 mm.
  • the useful structure can have a greater thickness of up to 4 mm.
  • the thickness of the usable structure can advantageously be made much smaller than with conventional subsurface coverings, since when the usable structure wears out, the surface laying unit can simply be exchanged for another surface laying unit without significant assembly work accrues. This leads to a saving of resources and is possible with a considerably lower amount of work than is necessary, for example, with the conventional exchange of parquet or other floor coverings.
  • the plug connection structure of the surface laying unit can be fastened or fastened to the useful structure by means of a fastening structure, in particular by means of an adhesive structure and / or at least one fastening element to be introduced into the useful structure.
  • a fastening structure in particular by means of an adhesive structure and / or at least one fastening element to be introduced into the useful structure.
  • double-sided adhesive tape or a hot-melt adhesive can be used as the adhesive.
  • fastening elements such as screws, nails and / or rivets.
  • the fastening structure of the surface installation unit can be designed to fasten the connector structure to the useful structure in a point, line or full area, in particular while maintaining a further, in particular elastic, compensatory movement capability of the connector structure.
  • a particularly good fastening effect can be achieved with a full-surface connection.
  • only a partial connection of one of the opposing surfaces of the fastening structure and the useful structure is preferred, as is the case with a point or linear fastening.
  • Such a fastening for example only along certain sections of a frame structure of the plug-in connection structure of the surface installation unit, maintains a mechanical compensatory movement capability and allows the useful and plug-in connection structures (usually made of different materials) to perform a compensatory movement when temperature-related stresses occur.
  • the measure is also advantageous to compensate for manufacturing-related tolerances.
  • the plug connection structure of the surface laying unit can be composed of interconnected, in particular elastic, webs existing frame structure with a plurality of plug-in connection elements integrated therein.
  • the formation of the plug connection structure from web-like frame elements leads to a lightweight and resource-saving surface laying unit which nevertheless has sufficient mechanical strength to form a reliable plug connection with the underground laying unit.
  • the plug-in connection elements of the surface installation unit are set up to form a snap-in plug connection with a (in particular oval) snap ring of the plug connection structure of the corresponding underground installation unit.
  • the leaf spring structures can be formed in particular by two opposing webs of the frame structure, which spring away when the snap body of the underground laying unit is inserted between the two leaf spring structures and generate a clamping force engaging the snap body.
  • the snap body and / or the leaf spring structures can be provided with corresponding run-in bevels that accomplish the introduction effortlessly and intuitively. These run-in bevels can also limit the displacement movement of the leaf spring structures when the snap or plug connection is formed on the main plane of the interchangeable covering formed, so that the plug connection advantageously does not lead to an increase in the overall height.
  • the plug-in connection elements of the surface laying unit can have (in particular oval) guide ring structures which are set up to accommodate corresponding positioning knobs of the plug-in connection structure of the corresponding underground laying unit in a way that enables compensatory movement.
  • the guide ring structures can be closed by a circumferentially Boundary web can be formed, inside which a straight or curved guide for the positioning knobs can be formed.
  • Such a guide structure preferably allows the positioning knobs to be moved in a respective preferred direction.
  • the leaf spring structures can be designed for springing in a spring direction which is arranged orthogonally to a compensating movement direction of the guide ring structures. This immobilizes the alternating lining in one direction of action of the leaf springs and allows a compensating movement perpendicular to it.
  • the connector structure of the surface relocation unit can be designed as a, in particular two-dimensional, periodically repeating grid, in particular with a grid dimension in a range between 10 mm and 100 mm, of connector unit cells.
  • the grid can be used particularly advantageously for flexible laying of surface laying units and underground laying units that are differently dimensioned or not necessarily aligned with one another at the edge.
  • a modular system with a universal combination of surface laying units and underground laying units can be provided.
  • the grid of the surface relocation unit can be formed by an, in particular two-dimensional, alternating sequence of the connector unit cells, which extend alternately in a first orientation direction and in a second orientation direction orthogonal thereto.
  • a respective plug connection unit cell can be formed by an arrangement of leaf spring structures and guide ring structures with the features described above.
  • the alternating arrangement of the connector unit cells leads to an overall more uniform load distribution and connector force.
  • the configurations with a flat carrier plate and / or with plug-in connection elements such as plug-in bodies or positioning knobs or associated load-bearing structures (in particular load-bearing knobs) can also be implemented in the fastening structure of the surface laying units.
  • a flat carrier plate with raised protruding plug-in connection elements or load-bearing structures can preferably be provided on the underground installation unit, while a frame structure is preferably provided on the surface installation unit.
  • a closed carrier layer simplifies the immobilization of the underside of the underground laying units on the underground.
  • the frame-like provision of the plug connection structure on the useful structure of the surface laying unit allows a particularly effective compensating movement between these two components.
  • the material-saving provision of the frame-like plug-in connection structure on the surface laying unit which can be designed as a wear part or replaceable component, is also particularly resource-saving.
  • the plug connection structure of the surface installation unit can have a plurality of plug connection elements which are designed with the features of the plug connection elements of the underground installation unit with the features described above.
  • the surface laying unit can have a functional structure that can be integrated into the useful structure, in particular designed as an abrasion protection layer.
  • an abrasion protection layer on an outside surface of the removable covering be attached, for example designed as a paint or sealing ungs slaughter.
  • the useful structure can have a support structure on the connector structure side (in particular one connected to the connector structure of the surface laying unit) and an external (in particular exposed) useful coating applied to it.
  • the carrier structure can have a thickness in a range between 1 mm and 3 mm (often less than 2 mm) and be designed as a carrier layer. This carrier layer can serve to have a coating applied to it (for example deposited on or glued to it).
  • the support structure can be formed from a fiber composite such as a cement-bonded glass fiber board.
  • such a fiber composite is sufficiently robust to stabilize, for example, a thin wood veneer layer (for example with a thickness in a range between 0.5 mm and 1.5 mm) as a useful coating.
  • fiber composite has proven to be suitable for being coated with ceramic material (for example with a thickness in a range between 0.5 mm and 3 mm) as a useful coating.
  • Fiber composite (especially a cement-bonded glass fiber structure) is sufficiently temperature-stable to withstand the high temperatures that occur during ceramic coating.
  • surface laying units according to the invention can advantageously also be made accessible for ceramic surfaces.
  • the useful structure should convey the appearance or design of the respective type of covering. Accordingly, low strengths are advantageous.
  • a universal carrier plate (for which a wide variety of materials can be used), which can be positioned between the useful layer and the connector structure to form the useful structure.
  • This carrier plate has the advantage, on the one hand, of providing stabilization support (especially for wood) and, on the other hand, to offer a substrate on which mechanically sensitive coverings (especially a ceramic coating) can be applied.
  • the interchangeable covering can also have a plurality of functional structure laying units with the features described above, for vertical arrangement between the plurality of underground laying units and the plurality of surface laying units with the formation of plug connections on both opposing surfaces of the functional structure laying units.
  • a direct connection can optionally be made between the connector structure of the underground laying units and the connector structure of the surface laying units or a sandwich-like arrangement of functional structure laying units between underground laying units and surface laying units.
  • a modular construction kit system is created from which a user can put together a desired combination of functional elements and useful structural elements.
  • the connector structures of the surface laying units and the connector structures of the underground laying units can be adapted to one another in such a way that when a detachable connector is formed, the connector structures snap into place, in particular exclusively in a plane that is arranged parallel to the useful structure. This enables the formation of a stable snap connection without increasing the overall height of the removable covering.
  • the plug connection structures of the surface laying units can have a higher flexural rigidity than the plug connection structures of the underground laying units. This ensures that a compensating movement is made possible in the case of manufacturing-related tolerances or thermal mismatches, in particular on the underground side.
  • a higher bending stiffness on the part of the surface laying unit can advantageously be achieved by a frame structure that is both lightweight and resource-saving, whereas a lower bending stiffness can be achieved with a full-surface, comparatively thin carrier layer that is particularly advantageous for the underground laying unit.
  • the method can further include removing the surface laying units from the underground laying units and subsequently forming detachable plug connections between the laid underground laying units and other surface laying units, in particular other surface laying units with a different usable structure.
  • Such an exchange of surface laying units can in particular take place tool-free and non-destructively, for example if the useful structure of the surface laying units is worn or a different useful structure is desired by a user.
  • Both the surface laying units and the underground laying units can be produced in practically any format. This includes in particular any square configuration, further in particular rectangular arrangements. But other shapes, such as other polygons (e.g. hexagons), are also possible.
  • the corresponding plug connection structures can be used for releasable, in particular for releasable with manual muscle power and / or releasable without tools, connection to the respective associated underground laying, surface laying and / or functional structure laying unit. This makes it possible, without the provision of a separate tool or without destructive treatment, to remove the wear layer (for example, together with part of the connection structure or together with the entire connection structure) and, if necessary, replace it with another.
  • a flat connection (full-surface, strips, etc.) can be made on the substrate (wall, ceiling, floor, etc.).
  • a two-layer, three-layer or solid wood parquet installation unit on the substrate for example screed, wooden floor, tiles, laminate, PVC flooring, carpets, etc.
  • the connection is made over the entire surface or in strips on the counterpart.
  • a top layer made of solid wood can be applied to a substrate (for example screed, wooden floor, tiles, laminate, PVC covering, carpet, etc.).
  • the connection component supplied can, for example, be applied over the entire surface (screed, wooden floor, tiles, laminate, PVC covering, carpet, etc.).
  • a width and side connection between cover layer and cover layer is possible. Such connections can be formed accordingly both when executing on a factory-made substructure and when connecting the top layer to the sub-floor.
  • the wear layer can act as a top layer and can be sanded off once, for example. This can, for example, also be brought about by impulses (electricity, heat, bimetal effect or other). Thus, the possibility of, for example, one-off sanding of the wear layer can be combined with the possibility of simply replacing the entire surface laying unit for further improved use of resources.
  • a stability layer solid wood layer
  • a backing veneer thin wood layer
  • the thickness of the wear layer can be reduced according to a usage cycle, so that it is possible for a user, for example, to have a new wooden floor every five years without the need for a very large installation effort.
  • European types of wood that can be processed into surface laying units or underground laying units are oak, beech, maple, birch, walnut, cherry, ash, olive, acacia, elm, apple tree, pear tree and sweet chestnut.
  • Non-European types of wood that can be processed into surface laying units or underground laying units, for example, are merbau, wenge, teak or mahogany.
  • Solid wood from which surface laying units and / or subsurface laying units can be completely or partially formed, can be referred to as wood products whose cross-sections have been carved out of a tree trunk and optionally further processed by cutting (drilling, milling, planing, etc.).
  • cutting cutting, milling, planing, etc.
  • the structure of the wood is not changed mechanically or mechanically.
  • smoking and / or steaming of the material is possible.
  • a combination of different materials is also possible.
  • wood-based materials are also used as carriers.
  • Wood-based materials can be materials that are produced by chopping wood and then joining the structural elements together. The size and shape of the wood particles determine the type of wood material and its properties. The wood particles can be connected to one another with or without binders or mechanical connections.
  • Parquet that is formed from surface laying units and / or sub-floor laying units can, for example, be designed as solid parquet or multi-layer parquet.
  • Solid parquet can in particular be made up of solid pieces of wood that can be provided with connector structures. Solid parquet can be laid raw and then sanded with a parquet sanding machine. The surface can then be treated with parquet lacquer, floor oil or wax.
  • Multi-layer parquet can be two-layer parquet or three-layer parquet.
  • the visible surface layer from the particular type of wood can be glued, for example, 0.5 mm to 2 mm, or up to 4 mm thick and on one or more carrier layers made of cheaper coniferous wood or on a carrier plate made of wood material.
  • an interchangeable covering or subsurface covering which has an interchangeable covering element (also called a surface laying unit) and a base covering element (also called an underground laying unit), one of which can be plugged onto the other and both can be detached from one another again by a defined force.
  • the base covering element or the subsurface installation unit is firmly connected to the subsurface.
  • the interchangeable covering element or the surface laying unit can be detachably attached. There is preferably no floating installation of the base covering element. It is preferably installed orthotropically, inclined installation is not absolutely necessary.
  • the plug-in grid can be 10 mm or 20 mm, for example.
  • the basic covering element should be accessible.
  • the plug connection (or parts thereof) should be permanently connected to the wear layer or the substructure.
  • the overall height of the interchangeable covering element including the base covering element can be between 4 mm and 6 mm, for example.
  • the individual elements of the interchangeable covering element or the basic covering element can, for example, have a width of 200 mm to 600 mm and a length of 600 mm to 1500 mm.
  • base covering elements and interchangeable covering elements on one another can for example take place using individual pins, knobs and / or ribs that protrude and can dip into the counterpart.
  • This allows a simple geometry and can preferably be implemented with inlet bevels.
  • a corresponding grid can be formed with pins, knobs or ribs.
  • the stop surface or stop line can be provided as a separate element on the removable covering.
  • a guide element can be attached to the circumference.
  • the positioning can be done purely optically. It is also possible to use a tool as a positioning aid.
  • Individual pins, knobs or ribs which can be arranged according to a grid, can be provided for plugging together. Plugging without a position (for example foam) is possible.
  • Flat plug-in elements can be used.
  • flat plug-in elements can also be used for joints in a ceramic covering. Such joints can be produced using multi-component injection molding together with the plug connection with the wear layer. Such joints can perform a sealing function.
  • Partial plug-in elements on the interchangeable covering elements are possible, for example all around. It is also possible to form a ring connector using a socket and sleeve. Also Line segment elements, sliding elements and / or rotating elements (for example bayonet) can be used.
  • a frictional connection for example to form a form-fitting connection, in particular using an undercut
  • a laterally moved sliding element for example to form a form-fitting connection, in particular using an undercut
  • Rotary elements e.g. bayonet
  • spring-loaded bolts can also be used.
  • elastomer elements e.g. A ring snap connection, a line snap connection or a joining means (for example adhesive) in a gap are also possible.
  • a fixation by means of negative pressure is also possible (in particular movement-induced, for example using suction cups).
  • tolerance-compensating components are possible in the base covering element and the interchangeable covering element.
  • a tie rod in particular detachable
  • a tie rod structive
  • a lifting element for example a pull cord
  • manual lifting without a tool for example after Loosening with an upstream process step
  • the load can be absorbed in such a way that the load is diverted vertically downwards under pressure.
  • the support surfaces should be sufficiently dimensioned for this. It is also possible to enable a continuous introduction of force via a system from the wear layer to the substructure.
  • the horizontal load can be derived from shear forces. Plug elements can be provided interlocking.
  • the power transmission can also take place by means of friction.
  • pins, knobs and / or ribs When selecting the elements for establishing the plug connection, positioning with respect to one another can be made possible by pins, knobs and / or ribs in the grid. Plugging together (in particular joining) can be accomplished by pins, knobs and / or ribs, which can be arranged in the grid. Furthermore, it can be fixed vertically (per element) using hooks with a form fit and undercut. The lateral fixation (per element) can be done by pins, knobs and / or ribs, which can also be arranged in the grid. The manufacturing and assembly tolerances can be compensated for by flexible spring elements.
  • laying combinations of the surface laying units, underground laying units and functional structure laying units are possible.
  • a lengthwise installation, a transverse installation, an inclined installation, etc. is possible.
  • a first plug connection structure of a surface laying unit and a corresponding second plug connection structure of an underground laying unit can be exchanged, i.e. that the first connector structure can alternatively be provided on the underground laying unit and the second connector structure on the surface laying unit.
  • Figure 1 shows a cross-sectional view of a replaceable lining 150 according to an exemplary embodiment.
  • the interchangeable covering 150 is used for covering or covering a subsurface 102 and is made up of a plurality of subsurface laying units 100 and a plurality of surface laying units 110.
  • the subsurface laying units 100 form a first covering layer close to the subsurface and together cover the subsurface 102 essentially without gaps.
  • the surface laying units 110 form a second covering layer close to the surface and together cover the first covering layer from the subsurface laying units 100 covering the subsurface 102 essentially without gaps.
  • the underground laying units 100 which are similar to one another, each have a fastening structure 104 on the underground side, which is designed for fastening to the underground 102. Furthermore, each of the subsurface laying units 100 has a plug connection structure 106 facing away from the subsurface 102 for detachable plug connection, under construction a snap-in connector, with a correspondingly designed connector structure 108 of an associated surface laying unit 110.
  • Each of the mutually identical surface laying units 110 has a useful structure 112 which forms an exposed outer surface of the interchangeable covering 150. Furthermore, each of the surface laying units 110 has a plug connection structure 108 facing away from the utility structure 112 for detachable plug connection, forming the snap-in plug connection, with a corresponding one of the plug connection structures 106 of the associated underground installation unit 100.
  • the connector structures 106 of the underground installation units 100 and the connector structures 108 of the surface installation units 110 are as in FIG Figure 1 shown, adapted to one another (ie dimensioned and shaped) in such a way that they can be brought into positive plug-in engagement with one another while forming a manually releasable snap-in plug connection. In this state they are accordingly Figure 1 .
  • the attachment structure 104 is shown in FIG Figure 1 a full-area, continuous layer of adhesive on the underside of a flat carrier layer.
  • the plug connection structure 106 has a plurality of plug connection elements 114 which protrude in a raised manner with respect to the fastening structure 104 in order to be able to form a form fit with plug connection elements 116 of the plug connection structure 108.
  • the subsurface laying units 100 can be embodied as bodies made of plastic that are inexpensively manufactured by means of injection molding and the adhesive layer can be applied to the underside of which.
  • a vertical thickness d of the underground laying units 100 can be, for example, 2.5 mm.
  • Each of the underground laying units 100 has, at opposite end sections, components of a coupling structure 118 which is designed for positive-locking coupling with a corresponding, adjacent coupling structure 118 of another similar underground laying unit 100.
  • the coupling structure 118 can only be formed in the underground laying unit 100, since the surface laying unit 110 is not displaced during vertical dismantling. Examples of the configuration of the coupling structure 118 are shown in FIG Figure 5 , Figure 15 to Figure 17 , Figure 19, Figure 20 and Figure 22 to see.
  • the usable structure 112 can comprise or consist of solid wood, if exchangeable parquet is to be laid as the exchangeable covering 150.
  • the useful structure 112 embodied as a uniformly thick layer can have a thickness D of, for example, 2 mm.
  • a vertical thickness B of the entire surface laying unit 110 can be 3 mm, for example.
  • the useful structure 112 designed as a useful layer can be designed to be self-stabilizing.
  • the plug connection structure 108 can be fastened to the useful structure 112 by means of a fastening structure 120 embodied, for example, as an adhesive layer.
  • the fastening structure 120 serves to fasten the plug connection structure 108 to the useful structure 112 over the entire surface. Regardless of the fastening, however, the individual components of the surface laying unit 110 should be given the option of allowing an elastic compensation movement of these components with respect to one another, for example to compensate for thermal stresses.
  • the fastening structure 120 can have a stabilization-supporting effect.
  • Figure 1 further shows schematically that an optional floor heating 130 can be implemented in the substrate 102, which can be formed from screed, for example.
  • a functional structure 202 is integrated in the useful structure 112.
  • This functional structure 202 can be, for example, a coating that protects an exposed surface of the useful structure 112 from mechanical damage.
  • the functional structure 202 thus serves as an abrasion protection layer.
  • Plug connection structure 108 shown only schematically and described in more detail below serves as a support layer with plug connection capability and is likewise self-stabilizing.
  • the plug connection structure 106 serves as a basic element with plug connection capability and is self-stabilizing.
  • the fastening structure 104 is designed as a connection layer and functions as a basic element to the subsurface 102.
  • the subsurface 102 can be, for example, screed or an existing floor covering.
  • FIG. 10 shows a cross-sectional view of a removable lining 150 according to another exemplary embodiment.
  • a further functional structure 200 is arranged between the plug connection structure 106 and the fastening structure 104.
  • the functional structure 200 which is integrated or embedded in the plug connection structure 106 of the underground laying unit 100, can be a sensor film, for example.
  • the functional structure 200 can be underfloor heating, underfloor cooling, footfall sound absorption or a mechanical reinforcement device.
  • a compensation layer 144 is provided in accordance with the interchangeable lining 150 Figure 2 . Furthermore, a connection layer 142 is provided between the compensation layer 144 and the substrate 102. With reference numerals 142 and 144, a leveling surface between the substrate 102 and the interchangeable surface 150 is thus implemented.
  • FIG. 10 shows a cross-sectional view of a removable lining 150 in accordance with yet another exemplary embodiment.
  • the change lining 150 according to Figure 4 contains in addition to the interchangeable lining 150 according to Figure 1 a plurality of functional structure laying units 300 which are interposed between the plurality of underground laying units 100 and the plurality of surface laying units 110. This takes place with the formation of plug connections on both opposing surfaces of the functional structure laying units 300, namely on the top with the surface laying units 110 and on the underside with the underground laying units 100.
  • each of the functional structure laying units 300 contains a top-side connector structure 302 for forming a top-side detachable snap-in connector with a Corresponding plug connection structure 108 of the surface laying unit 110 and a plug connection structure 304 on the underside for forming a detachable snap-in plug connection on the underside with a corresponding plug connection structure 106 of the underground laying unit 100.
  • a functional structure 306 is used to provide an additional function in the interchangeable covering 150, for example impact sound absorption.
  • the interchangeable lining according to Figure 3 differs from the interchangeable lining 150 according to Figure 1 by the additional provision of a functional covering in the form of the functional structure 302. This can be inserted selectively between the underground laying unit 100 and the surface laying unit 110 or optionally also with it one of the underground laying units 100 or the surface laying units 110 are permanently connected (for example glued).
  • Figure 4 shows a cross-sectional view of an interchangeable lining 150 according to a further exemplary embodiment.
  • the change lining 150 according to Figure 4 differs from Figure 3 by the additional provision of a leveling covering 142, 144, compare Figure 2 .
  • Figure 5 shows a three-dimensional view of components of an interchangeable lining 150 according to an exemplary embodiment.
  • the plug connection structure 106 of the underground laying unit 100 is designed as a frame structure 500 consisting of interconnected elastic webs with a plurality of plug connection elements 114 integrated therein. Longitudinal and transverse spring elements are also integrated into the frame structure 500, the corner regions giving the frame structure 500 mechanical stability.
  • the plug connection elements 114 have two opposite leaf spring structures 502 which are used to form a snap-in plug connection with an oval snap body 600 (see FIG Figure 6 ) the plug connection structure 108 of the corresponding surface laying unit 100 is set up.
  • the plug-in connection elements 114 also have oval guide ring structures 504, which are set up to accommodate the corresponding positioning knobs 604 of the plug-in connection structure 108 of the corresponding surface relocation unit 100 in a way that enables compensatory movements (see FIG Figure 6 ).
  • the leaf spring structures 502 are designed for springing in a spring direction which is arranged orthogonally to a compensation movement direction of the guide ring structures 504.
  • the connector structure 106 (like the one in Figure 5 Plug connection structure 108, which cannot be seen in detail) is designed as a two-dimensional (ie in the longitudinal and transverse direction) periodically repeating grid of plug connection unit cells 510.
  • the grid is formed by an alternating sequence of connector unit cells 510 in both dimensions, which alternately extend in a first orientation direction (leaf spring structures 502 left-right) and in a second orthogonal direction (leaf spring structures 502 top-bottom).
  • Each connector unit cell 510 is formed by an arrangement of two mutually opposite leaf spring structures 502 and two mutually opposite guide ring structures 504.
  • plug connection structure 108 of the surface laying unit 110 as a flat carrier plate with plug connection elements protruding thereon (not shown in FIG Figure 5 ) and the plug connection structure 106 of the underground laying unit 110 is designed as a frame structure
  • the plug connection structures 106 and 108 can also be exchanged in another exemplary embodiment, that is, the flat carrier plate with raised protruding parts
  • Plug connection elements are provided as part of the underground installation unit 100 and the frame-like plug connection structure 106 as part of the surface installation unit 110.
  • Figure 6 to Figure 9 show interacting plug connection structures 108 of surface laying units 110 and plug connection structures 106 of underground laying units 100 of interchangeable coverings 150 according to exemplary embodiments.
  • the connector structures 108 of the surface laying units 110 and the connector structures 106 of the underground laying units 110 are adapted to one another in such a way that when a detachable connector is formed, the connector structures 106, 108 snap into place, exclusively in a plane that is arranged parallel to the useful structure 112.
  • the connector elements 114 of the underground installation unit 100 have a snap body 600 for forming a snap-in connector with corresponding leaf spring structures 502 of the connector structure 108 of the corresponding surface installation unit 110 the corresponding surface laying unit 110 are set up.
  • the snap body 600 has a larger dimension in a first direction of extent than in a second direction of extent orthogonal thereto, ie is arranged asymmetrically.
  • the snap body 600 is according to Figure 9 arranged between two positioning knobs 604.
  • the positioning knobs 604 can align the leaf spring structures 502 with associated snap elements in such a way that the snap bodies 600 lock securely in place regardless of any deformation / movement in the surface.
  • Figure 6 to Figure 9 is indicated with arrows in which directions the different sections of the structures shown are able to make compensatory movements with a change in temperature or to compensate for manufacturing-related tolerances.
  • Figure 10 shows a plan view and Figure 11 shows a three-dimensional view of a plug connection structure 106 of a sub-floor installation unit 100 according to an exemplary embodiment.
  • Figure 10 and Figure 11 thus shows a base covering, that is to say a subsurface laying unit 100, with integrated elements.
  • the segment size can be, for example, 25 mm x 25 mm.
  • the grid dimension ie the size of a connector unit cell 510) can be 50 mm x 50 mm, for example.
  • a module, that is to say an underground laying unit 100, can have a size of, for example, 300 mm ⁇ 150 mm and a height of 3 mm.
  • the grid is formed as a frame, positioning elements, fixing elements, longitudinal and transverse spring elements and measures for tolerance compensation are provided.
  • Figure 12 shows part of an exchangeable lining 150 according to an exemplary embodiment. Referring to Figure 12 the contact surface to the fastening structures 104 and 120 must be pointed out.
  • Figure 13 shows a detailed view and Figure 14 shows an overview of a plug connection between a plug connection structure 106 of an underground installation unit 100 and a corresponding plug connection structure 108 of a surface installation unit 110 according to an exemplary embodiment.
  • a combination of a subsurface laying unit 100 also referred to as a base covering element
  • a surface laying unit 110 also referred to as an interchangeable covering element
  • the positioning takes place via a positioning pin 1300.
  • the fixation takes place via a snap hook 1302.
  • the tolerance compensation is carried out via spring-loaded connecting elements. Snap hook 1302 and positioning pin 1300 are arranged at a fixed distance.
  • Figure 15 shows a plan view and Figure 16 shows a three-dimensional view of a plug connection structure 106 of an underground laying unit according to yet another exemplary embodiment.
  • FIG. 15 and Figure 16 show a subsurface laying unit 100 (also referred to as a base covering element) with integrated elements.
  • stabilizing ring elements 1500 are provided in corners of individual connector unit cells 510.
  • Long holes are provided as guide ring structures 504 for two positioning pins or positioning knobs 604 of a surface relocation unit 110 (not shown in FIG Figure 15 and Figure 16 ) educated.
  • sprung strips are used as leaf spring structures 502 for snap hooks as snap bodies 600 (not shown in FIG Figure 15 and Figure 16 ) intended.
  • Tolerance compensation takes place via spring-loaded connecting elements in the form of frame struts 1504.
  • the frame struts 1504 are part of the frame structure 500. T-elements for fixing the modules in the surface composite can also be provided.
  • the grid dimension i.e. the size of a connector unit cell 510
  • the module i.e. the entire underground laying unit 100
  • the module having a size of 600 mm x 200 mm and a height of 3 mm may have.
  • Figure 17 shows a top view of a plug connection between a plug connection structure 108 of a surface installation unit 110 and a plug connection structure 106 of an underground installation unit 100 according to an exemplary embodiment.
  • the snap bodies 600 and the positioning knobs 604 are designed so that they can accommodate vertical loads.
  • FIG 17 is the snap body 600 of the plug connection structure 108 along a first (according to Figure 17 horizontal) direction of extent between two along a second (according to Figure 17 vertical) direction of extent extending rib-shaped and elongated Load-bearing structures 1700 arranged.
  • the load-bearing structures 1700 protrude raised from a flat base plate 1702 of the surface-laying unit 110 and are designed to absorb mechanical loads acting on the surface-laying unit 110.
  • FIG. 11 shows a three-dimensional view of a plug connection structure 108 of a surface laying unit 110 according to an exemplary embodiment.
  • the plug connection structure 108 is designed as a two-dimensional periodically repeating grid with a grid dimension in a range between 10 mm and 100 mm of plug connection unit cells 510. More precisely, the grid is formed by a two-dimensionally alternating sequence of the connector unit cells 510, which alternately extend in a first orientation direction and in a second orientation direction orthogonal thereto. In other words, adjacent connector unit cells 510 are rotated by 90 ° with respect to one another.
  • Each of the connector unit cells 510 is formed by an arrangement of a snap body 600 designed as a snap ring, two load-bearing ribs parallel to one another as load-bearing structures 1700 and a pair of wood-cylindrical positioning knobs 604.
  • a surface laying unit 110 (also referred to as an interchangeable covering element) with functional elements is shown.
  • the panel thickness in this case is 1 mm.
  • Two positioning pins are provided as positioning knobs 604 and a snap body 600 as a snap mandrel element. This snap hook and the positioning pins are arranged at a fixed distance.
  • Figure 19 show different spatial views of a connector from a connector structure 106 of a Underground laying unit 100 and a plug connection structure 108 of a corresponding surface laying unit 110 according to an exemplary embodiment.
  • Figure 19 to Figure 21 thus show a combination of a surface laying unit 110 (also referred to as an interchangeable covering element) and a subsurface laying unit 100 (also known as a base covering element).
  • the components are provided as injection molded parts. The injection molds can be designed without a slide.
  • Figure 22 shows a three-dimensional view and a cross-sectional view of a plug connection made up of a plug connection structure 106 of an underground installation unit 100 and a plug connection structure 108 of a corresponding surface installation unit 110 according to an exemplary embodiment.
  • Inlet slopes and the planar design of the snap connection can also be seen, which leads to a low overall height.
  • FIG. 11 shows a connector unit cell 510 of a connector structure 108 of a surface laying unit 110 according to an exemplary embodiment.
  • Figure 24 shows a detailed view of a plug connection of an interchangeable lining 150 according to an exemplary starting example.
  • Figure 23 and Figure 24 show a removable flooring system with a grid size of 25 x 25 mm.
  • Four positioning pins or positioning knobs 604 and a double-acting snap mandrel as a snap body 600 are provided for each plug connection unit cell 510. Snap hooks and positioning pins are geometrically optimized. Ring elements (see reference symbol 1500) in the corners are designed as support elements.
  • Figure 23 is shown that by a snap body 600 accordingly Figure 24 , which acts in two directions, the grid dimension can be halved.
  • the leaf spring structures 502 shown are by way of example at 90 ° turned.
  • Corresponding positioning knobs 604 can advantageously be designed four times.
  • the respective plug connection structure 106 can alternatively be designed as a plug connection structure of the surface laying unit 110 and the respective plug connection structure 108 can alternatively be designed as a plug connection structure of the underground laying unit 100.
  • the connector structures 106 and 108 can be interchanged.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Connection Of Plates (AREA)
  • Floor Finish (AREA)
  • Road Paving Structures (AREA)
  • Finishing Walls (AREA)

Claims (14)

  1. Unité de pose au sol (100) pour une pose avec d'autres unités de pose au sol (100) en particulier similaires pour recouvrir un sol (102), dans laquelle l'unité de pose au sol (100) présente :
    une structure de fixation (104) côté sol, qui est réalisée pour être fixée au niveau du sol (102) ;
    une structure de liaison par emboîtement (106) opposée au sol (102), destinée à être reliée par emboîtement de manière amovible, en particulier en réalisant une liaison par emboîtement encliquetable, à une structure de liaison par emboîtement (108) réalisée de manière correspondante d'une unité de pose en surface (110), qui présente une structure utile (112), en particulier d'une unité de pose en surface (110) selon l'une quelconque des revendications 6 ou 7,
    dans laquelle la structure de liaison par emboîtement (106) présente une multitude d'éléments de liaison par emboîtement (114), qui font saillie en relief par rapport à la structure de fixation (104),
    caractérisée en ce que
    les éléments de liaison par emboîtement (114) présentent un corps à déclic (600) pour réaliser une liaison par emboîtement encliquetable à des structures de ressort à lames (502) correspondantes de la structure de liaison par emboîtement (108) de l'unité de pose en surface (110) correspondante,
    dans laquelle la structure de liaison par emboîtement (106) est réalisée en tant qu'une trame se répétant de manière périodique, en particulier de manière bidimensionnelle, en particulier avec une cote de trame dans une plage entre 10 mm et 100 mm, de cellules d'unité de liaison par emboîtement (510), et la trame est formée par une séquence d'alternance, en particulier de manière bidimensionnelle, des cellules d'unité de liaison par emboîtement (510), qui s'étendant en alternance dans une première direction d'orientation et dans une deuxième direction d'orientation orthogonale par rapport à celle-ci,
    dans laquelle une cellule d'unité de liaison par emboîtement (510) respective est formée par un ensemble composé d'au moins un corps à déclic (600) et d'au moins un autre élément de liaison par emboîtement (114).
  2. Unité de pose au sol (100) selon la revendication 1, caractérisée en ce que le corps à déclic (600) est un corps à déclic (600) ovale, et/ou dans laquelle le corps à déclic (600) est une bague à déclic.
  3. Unité de pose au sol (100) selon la revendication 1 ou 2, présentant au moins une des caractéristiques suivantes :
    caractérisée en ce que les picots de positionnement (604) sont mis au point pour orienter les structures de ressort à lames (502) avec des éléments à déclic associés de telle sorte que le corps à déclic (600) s'enclenche de manière bloquée indépendamment d'une déformation et/ou d'un déplacement à l'intérieur d'un plan d'extension de l'unité de pose au sol (100) ;
    présentant en outre des structures d'absorption de charge (1700), en particulier des nervures d'absorption de charge, qui sont disposées entre les éléments de liaison par emboîtement (104), font saillie en relief par rapport à la structure de fixation (104) et sont réalisées pour absorber des charges mécaniques agissant sur l'unité de pose au sol (100).
  4. Unité de pose au sol (100) selon les revendications 2 ou 3,
    caractérisée en ce que le corps à déclic (600), en particulier la bague à déclic, présente dans une première direction d'extension une plus grande dimension que dans une deuxième direction d'extension orthogonale par rapport à celle-ci ;
    dans laquelle le corps à déclic (600), en particulier la bague à déclic, est disposé le long de la première direction d'extension entre deux structures d'absorption de charges (1700) s'étendant le long de la deuxième direction d'extension ;
    dans laquelle le corps à déclic (600), en particulier la bague à déclic, est disposé le long de la deuxième direction d'extension entre deux picots de positionnement (604).
  5. Unité de pose au sol (100) selon les revendications 1 à 4, présentant au moins une des caractéristiques suivantes :
    caractérisée en ce qu'une cellule d'unité de liaison par emboîtement (510) respective est formée par un ensemble composé d'un corps à déclic (600), en particulier d'une bague à déclic, de structures d'absorption de charge (1700) et de picots de positionnement (604) selon la revendication 3 ;
    présentant une épaisseur verticale dans une plage entre 0,5 mm et 10 mm, en particulier entre 1 mm et 3 mm ;
    présentant une structure de couplage (118), en particulier des structures en queue-d'aronde ou une structure de couplage pour le blocage le long de cinq directions spatiales différentes, dans au moins une zone de bord de l'unité de pose au sol (100), qui est réalisée pour être couplée à une structure de couplage (118) correspondante d'une autre unité de pose au sol (100) en particulier similaire ;
    dans laquelle la structure de fixation (104) est réalisée pour fixer l'unité de pose au sol (100) au niveau du sol (102) de manière ponctuelle, linéaire ou sur toute la surface ;
    présentant une structure fonctionnelle (200) entre la structure de liaison par emboîtement (106) et la structure de fixation (104).
  6. Unité de pose en surface (110) pour une pose avec d'autres unités de pose en surface (110) en particulier similaires sur des unités de pose au sol (100), en particulier sur des unités de pose au sol (100) selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 5, pour former une garniture de remplacement (150), dans laquelle l'unité de pose en surface (110) présente :
    une structure utile (112), qui forme une surface extérieure à découvert de la garniture de remplacement (150) ;
    une structure de liaison par emboîtement (108), opposée à la structure utile (112), destinée à être reliée par emboîtement de manière amovible, en particulier en réalisant une liaison par emboîtement encliquetable, à une structure de liaison par emboîtement (106) réalisée de manière correspondante des unités de pose au sol (100), qui présentent une structure de fixation (104) côté sol,
    caractérisée en ce que
    la structure de liaison par emboîtement (108) est réalisée en tant qu'une structure de châssis (500) constituée d'entretoises reliées entre elles, en particulier élastiques, avec une multitude d'éléments de liaison par emboîtement (116) intégrés dans celle-ci,
    dans laquelle les éléments de liaison par emboîtement (116) présentent des structures de ressort à lames (502), qui sont mises au point pour réaliser une liaison par emboîtement encliquetable avec un corps à déclic (600) de la structure de liaison par emboîtement (106) de l'unité de pose au sol (100) correspondante,
    dans laquelle la structure de liaison par emboîtement (108) est réalisée en tant qu'une trame se répétant de manière périodique, en particulier de manière bidimensionnelle, en particulier avec une cote de trame dans une plage entre 10 mm et 100 mm, de cellules de liaison par emboîtement (510) et la trame est formée par une séquence en alternance, en particulier de manière bidimensionnelle, des cellules d'unité de liaison par emboîtement (510), qui s'étendent en alternance dans une première direction d'orientation et dans une deuxième direction d'orientation orthogonale par rapport à celle-ci,
    dans laquelle une cellule d'unité de liaison par emboîtement (510) respective est formée par un ensemble composé de structures de ressort à lames (502) et d'au moins un autre élément de liaison par emboîtement (116).
  7. Unité de pose en surface (110) selon la revendication 6, présentant au moins une des caractéristiques suivantes :
    caractérisée en ce que la structure utile (112) présente une épaisseur dans une plage entre 0,5 mm et 10 mm, en particulier entre 1 mm et 3 mm ;
    dans laquelle les éléments de liaison par emboîtement (116) présentent deux structures de ressort à lames (502) se faisant face l'une l'autre ;
    dans laquelle les structures de ressort à lames (502) sont réalisées pour être montées sur ressorts dans une direction de ressort, qui est disposée sensiblement de manière orthogonale par rapport à une direction de déplacement d'équilibre des structures de bague de guidage (504) ;
    dans laquelle une cellule d'unité de liaison par emboîtement (510) respective est formée par un ensemble composé de structures de ressort à lames (502) et de structures de bague de guidage (504) ;
    présentant une épaisseur verticale dans une plage entre 1 mm et 10 mm, en particulier entre 2 mm et 6 mm ;
    présentant une structure fonctionnelle (202), qui est intégrée dans la structure utile (112), en particulier réalisée en tant qu'une couche de protection anti-usure ;
    dans laquelle la structure utile (112) présente une structure de support côté structure de liaison par emboîtement et un revêtement utile côté extérieur appliqué sur celle-ci.
  8. Unité de pose de structure fonctionnelle (300) destinée à être disposée entre une unité de pose au sol (100) selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 5 et une unité de pose en surface (110) selon l'une quelconque des revendications 6 ou 7, caractérisée en ce que l'unité de pose de structure fonctionnelle (300) présente :
    une structure de liaison par emboîtement (302) côté supérieur, qui présente toutes les caractéristiques de la structure de liaison par emboîtement (106) d'une unité de pose au sol (100) selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 5 et qui est réalisée pour réaliser une liaison par emboîtement encliquetable amovible côté supérieur avec une structure de liaison par emboîtement (108) correspondante de l'unité de pose en surface (110) ;
    une structure de liaison par emboîtement côté inférieur (304), qui présente toutes les caractéristiques de la structure de liaison par emboîtement (108) d'une unité de pose en surface (110) selon l'une quelconque des revendications 6 ou 7, qui est réalisée pour réaliser une liaison par emboîtement encliquetable amovible côté inférieur avec une structure de liaison par emboîtement (106) correspondante de l'unité de pose au sol (100) ;
    une structure fonctionnelle (306) pour fournir une fonction supplémentaire dans une garniture de remplacement (150), qui est formée à partir de l'unité de pose au sol (100) fixée au niveau du sol (102), de l'unité de pose en surface (110) dégagée au niveau d'un côté supérieur dégagé de la garniture de remplacement (150) et de la structure fonctionnelle (306) disposée de manière intercalée.
  9. Garniture de remplacement (150) pour recouvrir un sol (102), caractérisée en ce que la garniture de remplacement (150) présente :
    une multitude d'unités de pose au sol (100) selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 5, qui sont réalisées conjointement pour recouvrir, en particulier sans interstice, le sol (102) ;
    une multitude d'unités de pose en surface (110) selon l'une quelconque des revendications 6 ou 7, qui sont réalisées pour recouvrir, en particulier sensiblement sans interstice, les unités de pose au sol (100) recouvrant le sol (102) ;
    dans laquelle les structures de liaison par emboîtement (106) des unités de pose au sol (100) et les structures de liaison par emboîtement (108) des unités de pose en surface (110) sont adaptées les unes aux autres de telle manière qu'elles peuvent être amenées en prise par emboîtement les unes avec les autres en réalisant une liaison par emboîtement encliquetable amovible.
  10. Garniture de remplacement (150) selon la revendication 9, présentant en outre une multitude d'unités de pose de structure fonctionnelle (300) selon la revendication 8 destinées à être disposées entre la multitude d'unités de pose au sol (100) et la multitude d'unités de pose en surface (110) en réalisant des liaisons par emboîtement au niveau des deux surfaces se faisant face l'une l'autre des unités de pose de structure fonctionnelle (300).
  11. Garniture de remplacement (150) selon la revendication 9 ou 10, caractérisée en ce que les structures de liaison par emboîtement (108) des unités de pose en surface (110) et les structures de liaison par emboîtement (106) des unités de pose au sol (110) sont adaptées les unes aux autres de telle manière que lors de la réalisation d'une liaison par emboîtement amovible un enclenchement a lieu entre les structures de liaison par emboîtement (106, 108), en particulier exclusivement dans un plan, qui est disposé de manière parallèle par rapport à la structure utile (112).
  12. Garniture de remplacement (150) selon l'une quelconque des revendications 9 à 11, caractérisée en ce que les structures de liaison par emboîtement (108) des unités de pose en surface (110) présentent une rigidité en flexion plus élevée que les structures de liaison par emboîtement (106) des unités de pose au sol (100).
  13. Procédé pour recouvrir un sol (102) d'une garniture de remplacement (150) selon l'une quelconque des revendications 9 à 12,
    caractérisé en ce que le procédé présente :
    la fixation de structures de fixation (104) d'une multitude des unités de pose au sol (100) au niveau du sol (102) de telle sorte que les structures de liaison par emboîtement (106) sont dégagées au niveau d'une surface dégagée des unités de pose au sol (100) posées ;
    la réalisation d'une liaison par emboîtement encliquetable amovible entre les structures de liaison par emboîtement (106) des unités de pose au sol (100) et les structures de liaison par emboîtement (108) réalisées de manière correspondante d'une multitude des unités de pose en surface (110) de telle manière qu'un ensemble, en particulier sensiblement sans interstice, est formé à partir de structures utiles (112) des unités de pose en surface (110) au niveau d'une surface dégagée de la garniture de remplacement (150) formée à partir des unités de pose au sol (100) et des unités de pose en surface (110).
  14. Procédé selon la revendication 13, présentant en outre le retrait des unités de pose en surface (110) des unités de pose au sol (100) puis la réalisation de liaisons par emboîtement amovibles entre les unités de pose au sol (100) posées et d'autres unités de pose en surface (110), en particulier d'autres unités de pose en surface (110) avec une autre structure utile (112).
EP16160985.4A 2015-03-20 2016-03-17 Recouvrement interchangeable avec connecteur a fiches Active EP3070231B1 (fr)

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US20160273233A1 (en) 2016-09-22
CN105986654B (zh) 2020-05-01
EP3070231A1 (fr) 2016-09-21
CN105986654A (zh) 2016-10-05
DE102015003664A1 (de) 2016-10-06
LT3070231T (lt) 2021-02-25
US10167640B2 (en) 2019-01-01

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